Rappahannock County (Va.) Records related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1834-1863

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888

Summary

Creator:
Rappahannock County (Va.) Circuit Court.
Language:
English

Background

Scope and content:

Rappahannock County (Va.) Records related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1834-1863, consist of the Rappahannock County (Va.) “Register of Free Negroes,” 1834-1863. The register records the registration of free Black and multiracial people of Black descent in Rappahannock County and covers the years 1834 to 1863. The clerk recorded name, age, height, complexion, marks and scars, and in what court the person was emancipated or if the person was born free.

Biographical / historical:

Context for Record Type:

"Free Negro" Registers

In 1793, the Virginia General Assembly specified that "free Negroes or mulattoes" were required to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the town clerk, which shall specify "age, name, colour, and stature, by whom, and in what court the said negro or mulatto was emancipated; or that such negro or mulatto was born free." The process was extended to counties in 1803. Although some clerks were already recording such features, an 1834 Act of Assembly made it a uniform requirement to record identifying marks and scars and the instrument of emancipation, whether by deed or will. This bound register often coincided with a loose certificate containing largely the same identifying information. Both the registration system and the process of renewal was enforced differently in the various Virginia localities. Thus, the information found in these registers may differ from year to year and across localities.

The register books resulting from the administration of the 1793 and 1803 Act of Assembly are evidence of Virginia legislators' reaction to a quickly growing free Black and multiracial population in Virginia in the post Revolutionary War period. Acts such as these allowed white officials to police the activities and movement of free Black community members throughout the state thereby restricting their autonomy.

Locality History: Rappahannock County, the second Virginia county of that name, was named for the Rappahannock River, which in turn received its name from an Indian tribe that lived along its banks. It was formed from Culpeper County in 1833. The county seat is Washington.

Acquisition information:
These records were transferred to the Library of Virginia from Rappahannock County (Va.) in 2024 under accession number 54091 for digitization. Digital images of the register were produced by the Library of Virginia Imaging Services in 2024 and accessioned under accession number 54091.
Arrangement:

This collection is arranged

  • Series I: Records related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1834-1863, entries are chronological by registration date.

Physical location:
Library of Virginia
Physical description:
1 volume; 1 microfilm reel