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Caroline County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1762-1873, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.

Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deeds in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed is signed by the grantor, anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least 2 witnesses. On presentation to the court, deeds are proved and recorded. In this particular case, the deeds derived from the General Court, the Williamsburg District Court and a lost locality (Stafford County.)

Caroline County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1739-1975, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.

Caroline County (Va.) Marriage Register, 1852-1857, includes an alphabetical and chronological listing of marriage licenses and consents issued in Caroline County. Included in these listings are the names of both parties and the date when the marriage license was issued. Individual consents are glued or paper clipped in the proper alphabetical and chronological order. An additional entry for the surname "C" is found on the last page of the volume. Intended marriages between "free negroes or free persons of color" ar noted--such as between Robert Nelson Freeman and Betsy Ann Studdy (with consent given for Miss Studdy) in March 1867.

Caroline County (Va.) Marriage Register, 1893-1932, includes a chronological listing of marriages recorded by the court clerk in Caroline County. This register notes the date and place of marriage, the full names of both parties, the color of the parties, the age and condition before marriage of both parties, their places of birth, their places of residence, the names of their parents, the occupation of the husband and the name and denomination of the person performing the wedding ceremony. By June 1899 (p. 16), the date of the marriage license was listed consistently. Marriages between African Americans are noted. In addition, the volume contains an internal index which is unnumbered. Males and Females are listed separately by the first letter of their surname.

Caroline County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1818-1888, include Revolutionary War pension applications, exemption requests from military service, reports of indigent soldiers' families, militia fines, militia appointments,and records related destitute soldiers and artificial limbs. Collection includes an April Fool joke written by an unidentified soldier during the Civil War.

Caroline County (Va.) Ministers' Returns, 1796-1852, records the returns made by individual ministers of marriages performed within the county. The majority of returns are in the form of lists which record the date of marriage and names of both parties. In the process of preparing and sending the returns, the name of the minister and the minister's denomination are also recorded. This volume also contains marriage licenses prepared by the county clerk and presented to the minister who would perform the ceremony. These signed documents "authorized and licensed" or "licensed and permitted" the ministers to perform the actual marriage ceremonies. The license indicated to the minister and the public that there were no impediments to the marriage.

Plats are maps, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. Information commonly found in plats are property boundaries, land features, and names of property owners. These oversized plats relate to land transactions, estate settlements or court cases found in the county's deed books.

Caroline County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons of Caroline County, State of Virginia, cohabiting together as Husband and Wife on 27th February 1866. Also commonly called Caroline County (Va.) Cohabitation Register. This register records the name of the husband, his age, place of birth, residence, occupation, last owner, last owner's residence, name of the wife, her age, place of birth, residence, last owner, last owner's residence, name of children whith the ages of each, and the date of commencement of cohabitation. There is no index.

Plat of Bowling Green Estate, 1825, shows the division of land, located in Caroline County, belonging to the Hoomes family. The plat includes boundary lines and markers; lot numbers and the person or persons to whom each lot was devised; and the total number of acres per lot.