Gloucester County Health and Medical Records, 1886-1900

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888

Summary

Extent:
1 folder
Creator:
Gloucester County (Va.) Circuit Court
Language:
English

Background

Scope and content:

Gloucester County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1886-1900, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records for eleven individuals typically jailed as lunatics. Documents primarily consist of agreements or bonds pertaining to the care of these persons and an estate inventory of one person judged insane. Documents for two African Americans are also present: An 1886 agreement between the jailer and the county clerk regarding compensation for Henry Smith's care until he can be admitted to the Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, and c.1895 documentation regarding Marcia Selden, who was released from jail to the care of Beverly Jones, who was to be compensated for her care.

Records post-1900 have not been processed, and are restricted for 125 years, and therefore are not open for research nor part of this finding aid.

Biographical / historical:

Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.

In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.

In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.

Gloucester County was named probably to honor Henry, duke of Gloucester, the third son of King Charles I, or it may also have been named for the English county. It was formed from York County in 1651. The county seat is Gloucester.

Acquisition information:
This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Gloucester County Circuit Court.
Arrangement:

Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.