Executive Papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888

Summary

Creator:
Virginia. Governor (1874-1877 : Kemper)
Language:
English

Background

Scope and content:

Governor James L. Kemper's Executive papers are organized chronologically with undated items arranged at the rear of the collection. These papers consist of incoming correspondence during Kemp's four-year term as governor of Virginia between 1 January 1874 and 1 January 1878. The correspondence primarily relates to the state war debt, prisoners & the Penitentiary, arms & the militia, the Petersburg bill veto, recommendations & appointments, the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, the Stonewall Jackson statue in Capitol Square, the equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee, Eastern State Lunatic Asylum, and the Virginia Military Institute. In addition to correspondence, there are recommendations, applications, agreements, resolutions, requisitions, appointments, commissions, reports, petitions, and other sundry items.

Biographical / historical:

James Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at "Mountain Prospect" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.

After the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of Petersburg's city government from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. During his term, Governor Kemper also dedicated John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square and initiated the planning for an equestrian statue of Robert E. Lee.

After he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at "Walnut Hills" in Madison County.

Acquisition information:
Acquired prior to 1905.
Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into the following series:

  • Series I. Executive Papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877
Physical description:
1.8 cubic feet (6 boxes)