New Kent County (Va.) Land Tax, Personal Property and Sheriff's Receipt Book, 1851-1852

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888
Restrictions:

There are no restrictions.

Terms of access:

There are no restrictions.

Preferred citation:

New Kent County (Va.) Land Tax, Personal Property and Sheriff's Receipt Book, 1851-1852. Local government records collection, New Kent County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.

Summary

Creator:
New Kent County (Va.) Circuit Court.
Language:
English
Preferred citation:

New Kent County (Va.) Land Tax, Personal Property and Sheriff's Receipt Book, 1851-1852. Local government records collection, New Kent County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.

Background

Scope and content:

New Kent County (Va.) Land Tax, Personal Property and Sheriff's Receipt Book, 1851-1852, is divided into three named sections. The volume differs from information kept and recorded by individual tax commissioners and most likely, based on receipts in the volume, was the property of New Kent's sheriff, John S. Lacy. Like earlier Virginia tax records, the volume is a small booklet of manuscript lists that record the names of property owners arranged by the initial letter of the surname. The book, however, records both land tax and personal property information as well as other tax related information. It is a unique record of what individuals owed and what individuals owned.

The first section is comprised of 162 pages. An internal index was created for this section. This index is alphabetical and numerical. It is arranged according to the last letter of the individual's surname and the page number order in which the name appears in the volume. The other sections are unnumbered and have no indexes. Land tax information is found only in the first section. The first two sections cover only the year 1851. Individuals are listed. The amount of land tax on the total acerage an individual owns is recorded next. This amount is followed by the amount owed on the county levy, the revenue owed on livestock such as horses, the number, amount owed and appraised value of taxable property such as clocks, watches, buggies, carriages, etc. The second section also notes a state tax on self. In addition, there are loose documents found in the first and second sections. The last section is comprised of individual receipts made by the sheriff from 1851 and 1852 in order to compensate individuals for services rendered to the community. The receipts are recorded chronologically and are signed by the individual receiving the compensation.

Biographical / historical:

New Kent County may have been named either for the English county of Kent or for Kent Island, in the upper waters of the Chesapeake Bay. William Claiborne, a native of Kent who had been driven from Kent Island by Lord Baltimore, was a prominent resident of the New Kent area about 1654 when the county was formed from York County. Part of James City County was added in 1767. The county seat is New Kent.

Records were destroyed when John Posey set fire to the courthouse on 15 July 1787. Many records were lost when the courthouse was partially destroyed by fire during Civil War hostilities in 1862. Additional records were burned in Richmond on 3 April 1865, where they had been moved for safekeeping during the Civil War.

The sheriff was "the most powerful and the best paid of any county official in colonial times." Among his many duties, he collected the taxes, which were paid in tobacco, took custody of it and paid the county expenses as directed by the court. By doing so, he acted as a combination of both the commissioner of revenue and the county treasurer. The sheriff was also responsible for services rendered in the prosecution of court cases (law enforcement.) He was appointed by the governor from a list of three names submitted by the county court. His term of office was for one year until 1731, after which it was two years. His two deputies, as known as sub (under) sheriffs, did nost of the work.

In 1782, the General Assembly of Virginia enacted a major revision of the tax laws of the Commonwealth. The act provided for the statewide enumeration on the county level of land and certain personal property. The act created a permanent source of revenue for the operation of government in Virginia.

The original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.

Acquisition information:
The volume came to the Libray of Virginia in a shipment of court papers from New Kent County.
Arrangement:

Arranged by the initial letter of the surname; arranged chronologically.

Physical location:
Library of Virginia
Physical description:
1 v.