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Madison County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1794-1919, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.

Madison County (Va.) County Court Records, 1815-1932, consist of Office Judgments.

Madison County (Va.) Election Records, 1861-1896, consist of a List of Registered Voters, 1861-1896, and Voters Registered Without Challenge, 1867-1869.

Madison County (Va.) Petitions for Reenslavement, 1859, consists of the petitions of Jetha Chapman, Timothy Chapman, and Thadeus Chapman to give up their freedom and remain in Virginia. All three were freed by the will of Isham Tatum, Sr., and initially asked the court to assign them to Nathaniel Tatum but later requested that Nathaniel S Wayland become their master.

Madison County (Va.) Treasurer Records consist of a Warrant and Order Book A, 1871-1907.