- Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/19952
- Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/19351
- Scottish Court of Session records, 1757/183411
- Sessional Records of South-Central Virginia Churches, 1760/19922
- Sheet Music Collection, 1827/19742
- Shelton H. Short III papers, 1970/19902
- Shenandoah County Historical Society Collection, 1147/20007
- Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents, 1751/1968, bulk 1901/19353
- Short Histories of Western Pennsylvania Counties, 1755/18101
- Short Papers, 1675/17891
- Sir Jeffray Gilbert Notes, 1750/18002
- Skipwith Family papers, 1760/19774
- Smith-Walker Papers, 1764/19161
- Somerville family papers, 1821/20131
- Southall Papers, 1807/19044