Clerical copy of a deed for 1000 acres of land along the south bank of the Potomac River, Westmoreland County (the area became Fairfax County in 1742), Virginia, granted to Giles Brent, Junior. George Washington purchased the tract of land in 1760 and at that time may have acquired and annotated this copy of the 1654 deed. On the verso of the document George Washington's inscription reads, "1 copy, Richard Bennett, esq., grant to Giles Brent for 1000 acs. of Ld. 6th September 1654."

George Washington drafted this survey for James Hamilton in 1749. Signed "Washington, SCC" (for Surveyor of Culpeper County), this survey details 350 acres on the border of Augusta County, Virginia, along the Cacapehon (Cacapon) or Lost River.

Signed "Washington, SCC" (for Surveyor of Culpeper County), this survey details 400 acres of Augusta County, Virginia, along the Cacapehon (Cacapon) or Lost River. The left section of the document's text has been lost, but a masterfully drafted plat and a scale of poles are intact on the right side of the page.

Henry Trenn binds himself to pay £50 unless he "make or cause to be made unto the above sd. Lawrence Washington ... a Lease for the Term of nine hundred ninety & nine Years of all the Land which is at this present overflowed by the sd. Washington Mill Dam included within the sd. Trenn Bounds on Dogue Runn ..."

Signed "Washington, SCC" (for Surveyor of Culpeper County), this survey details 400 acres of Frederick County along the North River. These lands originally belonged to George Nixon who assigned them to David Wood, on behalf of Daniel Wood. The latter assigned the lands to Dr. James Craik, George Washington's friend and physician, and Philip Bush in 1771. Washington recorded the survey in his field book on April 14, 1750, but may have incorrectly dated the finished document which reads June 14, 1750. It is one of 49 he completed within a month beginning on March 30, 1750.

Chainman John Lonem is also named on the survey. Washington frequently worked with Lonem, who was known as a reliable and speedy worker.

Land survey for 730 acres in Frederick County, VA, by George Washington for John Grub. Autograph document signed, 2 pages.

Plat of 360 acres, with prose description of measurements on adjacent leaf.

Plat map--Long Marsh Run 633 acres.

Land survey with 2 plat maps by George Washington for Gersham Keyes, detailing two tracts of land on Evitts Run in Frederick County, VA. One tract contained 109 acres and one 100 acres, which was part of a land parcel granted to Lawrence Washington, George Washington's half-brother. Three additional names listed of those who assisted with the survey - Robert Worthington, Michael Sweim (chainmen -'C.C.') and William Davis (marker - 'Mr.'). The first two lines at the upper left, not in Washington's writing, describe conveyance 'by deeds from Mr. Lawrence Washington to Keyes' with an added date of August 14, 1751. Autograph document signed, 1 page.

Partial land survey, missing plat, by George Washington for Benjamin Rutherford, concerning 292 acres between the head of the South Fork of Bullskin Run and Opequon Creek in Frederick County, VA (now Jefferson County, West Virginia). Two additional people are listed in the document: James McCarmick and John Ramsey (C.C.- chainmen). Benjamin Rutherford assisted with the survey as the marker 'Mr.' Docket indicates that this land was later granted to George Hyatt. Autograph document signed, 2 pages.

Partial land survey, plat map only, by George Washington for William Mullin concerning 247 acres on Mill Branch, a branch of the Cacapon River in Frederick County, VA (now Jefferson County, West Virginia). Docket indicates that this land was later granted to Thomas Hollowell. Autograph document, 2 pages.

A survey of 269 acres made for the tract's future owner, William Nayler. The land on the Cacapon River which is now the NW border of West Virginia and Virginia

Washington wrote this letter to Lieutenant-Governor Dinwiddie as he prepared for his first military appointment, an expedition with 160 soldiers to the forks of the Allegheny, Ohio and Monongahela Rivers. He requested supplies, uniforms, clarification of pay for troops, and offered his personal observations of Native Americans.

This document divides Lawrence Lewis' slaves between Col. George Lee and the brothers of Lawrence Washington. It is signed by GW, George Lee, Ann Lee, and Aug. Washington. Witnessed by William Fairfax, George William Fairfax, Robert Merrie, John Dalton, Thomas Plummer, John Tuberville, John Carlyle, Sarah Carlyle, and Bryan Fairfax.

Washington wrote to Smith and provided a list of subscribers, including himself, to the American Magazine and Monthly Chronicle for the British Colonies.

Documents detail trial charges of Joseph Stevens. Signed by Zachary Lewis A court document giving outcome of the trial is also included, Feb. 1758. Trial held in Caroline County, Virginia.

George Washington wrote this letter to George William Fairfax to inform him of Major Grant's unfortunate expedition to Fort Duquesne. Washington describes the circumstances of the attack, the significant number of men and officers killed, and concludes: "It is with infinite pleasure I tell you that the Virginians, Officers and Men, distinguished themselves in the most eminent manner - that the General has Complimented me publickly on their good behaviour, and that every Mouth resounds their Praises. The Highlanders and them are become one People, shaking each other by the hand wherever they meet tho. perfect stranger's."

Expects to be up [to Mount Vernon] tomorrow -- Miles sent to get key from Col. Fairfax -- Alton to get house in order, make fires in lower rooms and air them -- two bedsteads put up, one in hall room, one in little dining room -- get out chairs and tables and clean and rub them and stair case -- find eggs and chickens and "prepare in the best manner you can for our coming." Autograph letter signed, integral cover, docketed, "Given to Mr. [ ] Clemson - January 24th 1832 at Mount Vernon by Mrs. Jane Washington supposed to have been written soon after his marriage and Braddocks defeat."

Court decrees that Sale of William Clifton's lands to Thomas Colville and George Johnston to be put aside, and lands are to be sold at public auction to pay off his just debts to Charles Carroll and other defendants. Washington G.W. bought this land at auction, and it became his River farm.

Autograph letter signed. Washington writes to his brother-in-law Burwell Bassett. The letter was carried to Fredericksburg from Mount Vernon by Miles Richardson, who had been one of Washington's batmen in the Virginia Regiment during Forbes' Campaign of 1758. Richardson was hired by Washington, most likely as a valet, from January 1, 1759 – May 10, 1759.

Written within the first year of Washingotn's marriage to Martha Dandridge Custis, the letter mentions visiting John Mercer to sort through papers related to the estate of Martha's late husband Daniel Parke Custis. Washington writes that he will bring Martha with him on the visit in case she is needed to answer any lingering questions about the Custis estate.

Washington also asks Bassett to procure a horse brand for George William Fairfax from James Danworth and to purchase canary seed for Martha's birds. This is the earliest known reference to pets at Mount Vernon.

Sending an envoy to pick up a Chestnut mare which Colonel Bassett has purchased. Urges him to visit at Mount Vernon.

List of sundry goods ordered by George Washington consisting of a variety of items inlcuding furniture, textiles, clothing, food, and tools. Many of these purchases are related to Martha Washington and her two children, John Parke Custis and Martha (Patsy) Custis, due to the Washingtons' recent marriage.

"I endeavourd to find out the true bounds of my Mount Vernon Tract of Land - but not knowing where it divided from Spencer's part of the River, nor being able to find harrison cornr Ash mentiond in his Deed to stand on the River side at the Mouth the Blind Pocoson - I began at two Ash trees and Elm ..."

Weekly reports of work done by carpenters, with prices charged on most & for whom work was done--also account of breeding mares (?) and acct. of staves, tools, nails, leather, etc. loaned or given out--acct. of days of work done by John Askew, list of things needing to be repaired by carpenters--quantity of cider, brandy & peach mobey in each still--"An Account taken of the Days which John Askew missed working for Collo. Washington in the Six Months pr. agreement which says is to be made up by the said Askew ..."--Brandy delivered to Thomas Nichols.

The letter deals with Washington's negotiations for the River Farm, then called Clifton's Neck. Clifton has sold land to Mr. [Thomson] Mason for a greater price after promising to sell it to him first--was told that Clifton had no clear title to land--nothing in writing, but terms agreed on--George Washington thinks only equitable way is to put up land for public auction, so all disputants will have equal chance to purchase it.

Land document written and signed by George Washington regarding his ownership of Mount Vernon. This document was the final rent payment before George Washington full inherited the property.

Reports the sale on behalf of the Commissioners, G. Fairfax, G. Washington & Chas. Green of the Clifton tract to George Washington at auction for L1210.

Notice of the sale of the Clifton Land [River Farm] to [George] Washington

Statement of cash and bills paid and in hand as a result of Court order in Chancerty pursuant to suit of Clifton vs. Carroll and others.

George Washington writes to Robert Cary and Company, British creditors, about the severe drought and therefore the inability to grow tobacco and grain this season. George Washington also shows frustration with the time it takes to receive supplies from Great Britain and to ship his crops to them.

Mountain road lottery ticket

Moutain Road ticket

12 month ticket signed by George Washington as an official of the lottery. Tickets were sold to raise money to open roads from Virginia West to help in the settlement of the West.

Engraved ticket, signed by George Washington as an official of the lottery. Purpose of the lottery was to raise money for Virginia to build roads to the western part of Virginia, thus opening up tracts of land further west for development.

Engraved ticket, signed by George Washington as an official of the lottery. Purpose of the lottery was to raise money for Virginia to build roads to the western part of Virginia, thus opening up tracts of land further west for development.

Engraved ticket, signed by George Washington as an official of the lottery. Purpose of the lottery was to raise money for Virginia to build roads to the western part of Virginia, thus opening up tracts of land further west for development.

Engraved ticket, signed by George Washington as an official of the lottery. Purpose of the lottery was to raise money for Virginia to build roads to the western part of Virginia, thus opening up tracts of land further west for development.

Handwritten receipt for the purchase of a horse "for the use of Master Custis."

"Invoice of goods to be sent to Geo. Washington Potomack River, Virginia"--items ranging from nails and curry combs, and almonds and raisons to lace, ribbon, silk, and a coat made up for a "middle sized woman."

Sends [Latin] books to Master [John Parke] Custis, who forgot them--[Jacky's] illness (worms)] call Dr. Mercer if symptons return--how is the boy taking his unaccustomed absence from home:--does he need anything?--his bed and bedding--didn't mean for [Boucher] to give [Jacky] special indulgence or partiality, but feels he should have as little disapation and indulgence as is necessary to good health and spirits--he meant merely that if [Jacky] were kept under [Boucher's] eye he would benefit from [Boucher's] good examples--however, he realizes every parent's anxiety for child makes same request--so withdraws his request--[Boucher's] letter to Revd. Mr. Addison forwarded by Dr. Ramney

"To the Revd. Mr. Baucher in St. Mary's parish Caroline City".GW, doting stepfather, sends absentee excuse for Jackie Custis's late return to school after the holidays.

George Washington's land agreement with George Mason, dated April 21, 1769. George Mason lived at Gunston Hall, which is located just below Mount Vernon on the Potomac River in Fairfax County. Surveys inherited in Washington's day were often inaccurate and this land agreement settled a long-standing dispute concerning the boundary line that divided Mount Vernon from Mason's property. This folio incorporates both a legal contract and the elements of a survey that Washington himself undertook in 1769 to settle the inaccurate western boundary of the lands between Dogue Creek and Little Hunting Creek. The one page document is written in a clerical hand and is endorsed with George Washington's signature.

A caring and involved father, George Washington wrote this letter to his stepson's tutor, the Reverend Jonathan Boucher. In it he instructs his ward's tutor to enroll John Parke Custis with a particular dancing master. Written from Mount Vernon on April 24, 1769, Washington states, "In respect to the Dancing Gentry, I am glad to find you have such choice of them, …Newman...I have heard him well spoken of as a teacher in that Science… you will be so good therefore Sir to enter Mastr Custis with Mr. Newman for a year or otherwise, as he may form his School."

Financial ledger account written by George Washington and documenting transactions between Washington and John Posey, from October 1765 to June 1769. Includes a 1767 bond between Posey and George Mason with George Washington as security. As a result of the forfeiture of this bond, Washington acquired enslaved people as well as 'sundry stock, goods [and] chattels' from Posey. Hercules Posey was one of the enslaved people acquired through this transaction. Washington signs at the conclusion 'E. Excepted pr Go: Washington, Copy of an Acct given to Mr. Grayson, Sept'r 19th 1769'. Autograph document signed, 1 page.

Plat & Memorandum of a survey made by George Washington for Capt. John Posey

Moneys expended and received on behalf of George Washington by [probably a manager or overseer].

Agreement for lease of 7 acres of land by John Posey to George Washington.

Letter from George Washington to Carter Braxton, Esq, and the trustees of Colonel Bernard Moore. Washington agrees to be answerable for the sum of £100 in order for Colonel Moore to purchase enslaved people, 'for the immediate support of his family'. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

Receipt for 1 pound, 1 shilling paid by Edward McGuire for James Commack to defray the cost for a land survey for 200,000 acres allotted to the Virginia Regiment by Dinwiddie's Proclamation of 1754. Receipt text in another hand, signed by George Washington. Autograph document signed, small sheet.

William Carlin was a tailor in Alexandria. His account book is among our treasures and includes entries for clothes made for the Washington's, members of the Mount Vernon household, and other Virginia customers such as the Fairfax's, George Mason, and David Ramsey. Entries for George Washington span from 1765 to 1771 and this receipt corresponds directly to entries in the account book. The services on the receipt include 'making a suit for Frank' and 'altering a pr. Lether (sp) Bretches to Giles.'

Account : George William Fairfax with Craven Peyton

"It is an easier matter to conceive than to describe, the distress of this family; especially that of the unhappy parent of our dear Patsy Custis, when I inform you that yesterday removed the sweet Innocent girl into a more happy and peaceful abode than any she has met with in the affected path she hitherto has trod."

Account of cash sent Mr. Francis Willis, draft on Osgood Hanbury & Co., to Mr. Ramsey for postage, to Truro Parish for Fairfax's pew.

George Washington carefully drafted this elegant west elevation of his Mount Vernon mansion. It provides insight into Washington's plans for the second major expansion of his home. The elevation has wide doors and nearly symmetrical windows, while the final construction favored transom lights and the powerful exterior asymmetry of windows, preserving the symmetry of the interior rooms. The undated manuscript was probably drafted prior to construction, which began in 1774. This is the only extant exterior drawing of the mansion made by George Washington. On the verso, also in Washington's hand, is a floor plan for the mansion's cellar.

Promissory note for George William Fairfax's pew at Truro Parish. The document is signed by George Washington who served as an agent for Fairfax.

Summary of pleas with case starting on May 18, 1772; other action taken on Feb. 22, 1774, and Mar. 23, 1774 -- final judgement given May 17, 1774-Savage ordered to pay £606.17.6. Document, laminated, watermarks (crown over GR, and crown over heraldic device), docketed "Washington vs. Savage - Record". | [As trustees for Mrs. William Savage (formerly Mrs. Charles Green) Washington and Fairfax were attempting to collect the money which her husband had promised in regular payments. Mason stood as security for the bond]. |

George Washington endorsed this account of his financial transactions with the prominent Alexandria merchant William Herbert. A frequent visitor to Mount Vernon, Herbert was an Irish immigrant who married Sarah Carlyle and later became the President of the Bank of Alexandria. Herbert signed this two page account and Washington endorsed it on the verso. The transactions recorded here date from March through July of 1775.

Bill for making coat and waistcoat, breeches, altering a coat and breeches, making another coat on a later date, and making a suit of regimentals.

Fears for the cause and for his character if he fails--Congress in Committee have consented to a Continental Currency & have ordered 2 million dollars to be struck off for payment of troops & other expences of defence--15,000 men voted as a Continental army, & he hopes more will be voted--other high officers not named yet--asks him and Mrs. Bassett to visit Mt. Vernon and take Mrs. Washington down to [Eltham] with them--uneasy at leaving her alone at Mount Vernon.

Washington writes a short letter before leaving for camp at Boston: "I go fully trusting in that Providence which has been more bountiful than I deserve, and in full confidence of a happy Meeting with you sometime in the Fall ... I have not time to add more, as I am surrounded with company to take leave of me. I retain an unalterable affection for you, which neither time or distance can change. My best love to Jack and Nelly, and regards for the rest of the Family ..."

This is a directive to his managers on subjects of responsibility during his absence

Expense report titled 'April 4 1776 An Account of Expences of His Excellency General Washington v. Guard, Waggons, horses, [and] waggoners, [etc etc] from Cambridge to New York - with several bills'. This report lists 24 expenses incurred by General George Washington and his Lifeguards on the journey from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to New York between April 4-13, 1776. Includes towns such as Providence, RI, and Norwich, CT, along with the amounts spent at each location and vendor names, taverns, etc. The total expense listed is £86.14.5. Autograph document, 1 page.

Instructions on keeping the enemy from crossing the river [Delaware]--plan for a retreat towards Philadelphia if necessary--send a spy across the river--make a show of having fresh troops to gain time--get someone into Trenton for news of boats being built.

Partially printed assessments of George Washington's accounts primarily during the Revolutionary War.

Informs Cook of the problems of the army in enlisting new recruits and obtaining arms. Intent of Hessians to leave R.I. winter quarter and Continentals' need to raise more men to protect States. Begs that each state meet its quota of troops.

Presents her with a lock of hair.

General Washington writes from Fishkill [N. Y.] to New York governor George Clinton. Abuse of citizens in this state by army officers -- ordered boat containing Mr. Cuyler's family and belongings to be stopped short of Fishkill -- those aboard shouldn't be permitted to review the works at West Point -- sends by express packets addressed to Clinton and [government of N. Y.], sent down by flag -- they contain extraordinary Manifesto and proclamation -- if boat with Cuyler's effects is to return, write General Putnam -- he [George Washington] returns to Fredericksburg [N. Y.] this afternoon. Document signed, in hand of (?), docketed "Genl. Washington Letter Octr. 8th 1778, concerning a Flag sent from New York for Mr. Cuyler & his Effects &c with a Manifesto of the Commre at New York.

Written from Fredericksburg, NY, Washington orders delay of Canadian expedition, but continued preparation for it; civil treatment of Native Americans; winter weather.

George Washington writes to Lund Washington from his headquarters in Middlebrook, NJ on 1779 April 3; makes arrangements for a shipment of fine Bordeaux claret; discusses financial matters concerning the estate of George Mercer; referenes the exchange of two slaves between Mount Vernon and his mother's home in Fredericksburg; questions Lund on the status of planting and propogating of trees, admonishing him for not answering some of his early queries and questions his management techniques; reports that things are slow on the war front and a recent storm impacted British transports.

While encamped at Middlebrook, New Jersey for the winter of 1779 George Washington wrote this letter to Nathanial Greene about trading one of his horses for another.

Personal letter to Lund, expressing the General's feelings about the general "decay of public spirit & virtue", which is contributing to the severe economic problems of the time.

Letter from George Washington to Arthur St. Clair regarding instructions for handling British soldiers without assistance from other divisions. Uncertainty over British movements and intentions prevented St. Clair from settling on a course for his division.

Letter from George Washington to General Edward Hand requesting Hand to return to the encampment at Morristown from his Lancaster home during the winter of 1780. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

Letter asking Lund Washington for legal advice relating to a chancery suit depending between Mr James Mercer & "the persons for whom I am acting as Attorney." He believes that Lund has a better understanding than "[his] own knowledge of these kind of proceedings is capable of affording..."

Re: a chariot Washington has ordered made in Philadelphia at £210 specie or paper equivalent.

Reports death of Don Juan Mirailles [Spanish envoy] who came on visit with Minister of France and was seized on arrival with "a violent biliary complaint" -- died despite best care of physicians and himself -- present his respects to [Mirailles's] lady. Autograph letter signed, watermark (J. Taylor, & an encircled armed figure). | Navarro was Governor & Capt. General of Cuba.

Washington acknowledges Biddle's resignation from his position and praises Biddle's duty as an officer.

Lund's late trip to Philadelphia--British & French fleets arrived--few recruits--promised aid from states will probably arrive too late--fears [Mt. Vernon] crops may be ruined by drought--how many colts are there?

Letter from George Washington, in the hand of Tench Tilghman, to Major Judah Alden. The letter is sent from Washington's headquarters, Passaic Falls, New Jersey. The correspondence lays out an elaborate plan of attack meant to fall into the hands of the enemy. The "misinformation" was a spy tactic in hopes that it would be intercepted and throw off British forces. The body of the letter is in the hand of Tilghman with the exception of one line by Washington's reading, "but are not to make fires or discover themselves."

Letter in Alexander Hamilton's hand, signed by Washington. Washington issues orders for Colonel Christopher Greene's First Rhode Island Regiment, which included formerly enslaved African American soldiers, to march from Newport to West Point under Rochambeau. Washington writes, "only come on with such officers as are to remain in service on the new arrangement and such men as engaged for the war, or at least for a term, that will last through the next campaign. The other men you may dismiss, unless the Count de Rochambeau should find any employment for them where they are now."

Enquiring about a transaction of bills to have been deposited in the Virginia Loan Office. Also, requesting a good family Steward be employed for the Washington family.

George Washington to Benjamin Tallmadge, 8 April 1781, in which Washington asks Tallmadge to transmit a letter to Rochambeau. Washington contemplated a daring raid on the British troop on Long Island. "The success of the Enterprise," Washington wrote to Tallmadge, "must depend, on … the secrecy of the attempt, and a knowledge of the exact situation of the enemy."

Letter from George Washington to Joseph Webb, regarding Martha's health and thanking Webb for his hospitality at his home in Wethersfield, CT. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

The warrant requests Pickering send 200 pounds from British Military Chest to Col. Edward Carrington for the Southern Army.

Just returned from a Committee--will accompany her to Mr. Bingham's tomorrow afternoon.

Autograph letter signed. Washington writes about the sorrow he felt when Chastellux departed to return to France: "A sense of your public services to this country, and gratitude for your private friendship, quite overcame me at the moment of our separation." Washington adds, "I truly say, never in my life did I ever part with a man to whom my soul clave more sincerely than it did to you." Washington hopes that, after the war, he can accompany Chastellux on a tour of North America. In the postscript, Washington writes that he is enclosing a letter to Marquis de Lafayette.

Written from Newburg, NY, Washington supports financial plight of soldiers, in spite of brewing conspiracy against him.

Letter from George Washington to Theodorick Bland, written from headquarters at Newburgh, NY. Writing several weeks after the events of the Newburgh Conspiracy and Washington's Newburgh Address, he discusses the disbanding of the Continental Army and the need to resolve Army pay and pensions. Washington speaks candidly about the urgency of the situation: "the necessity of fulfilling this Expectation of the Army affects me so exceeding forcibly, that I cannot help dwelling upon it, nor is there in my present apprehension a point of greater Consequence, or that requires more serious attention". Autograph letter signed, 11 pages.

In this letter, George Washington continued with an update on the changing and hopefully improving state of affairs in America.

Letter of introduction on behalf of George Washington's "nephew... who has been in bad health for more than twelve Months—He is advised by his Physicians to spend the summer on the Island of Rhode Island for the benefit of the Sea Air & Climate—"

Discharge from the American Army, signed by George Washington and Jonathan Trumbull.

Sergeant Henry Leider's discharge certificate from the Continental Army.

"An Acct. of Mrs. Washington's Expences from Virginia to my Winter Quarters & back again to Virginia according to the Memms. and accts. which I have received from her & those who accompd. her"--expences amounting to £1064.1

Cost of things bought in Philadelphia by Mrs. Washington

Princeton. In this letter, after successfully commanding the Army, George Washington discusses his strong desire to retire and concludes the letter with updates on the state of independence and his continued travels to explore western lands.

Signed by Penelope French, Benjamin Dulany, and John Robertson - witnessed by Going Lanphier and Robert Lanphier with some marginal notes in handwriting of George Washington.

Mount Vernon. In this letter, after returning to Mount Vernon on Christmas Eve 1783, George Washington enthusiastically remarked that he was finally able to retire.

Introduces the Count de Laval Monmorency, brother to Duke de Laval and Colonel in Regiment of Royal Auvergne--he is on a tour from Charleston to New York.

Will be careful of letter and box for Mrs. Fitzhugh--leaves city immediately after meeting of the Society.

Washington thanks Gordon for sending him newspapers from Boston and mentions issues he is having with people settling on his lands near the Ohio River, which is he is about to leave Virginia to take care of.

Receipt for rents owed and paid by Henry Whiting on account of plantation rented from George Washington for 11 years by Whiting's father.

Letter from George Washington to Edward Snickers accepting his offer to manage the leasing of land purchased from the sale of Colonel George Mercer's estate. Washington sends a map of the plots and a copy of the lease (not identified), summarizes the terms of the lease, and shares his hope that Snickers finds tenants who will become long-term residents rather than see the land become 'Negro Plantations' rented to an absentee landlord. Autograph letter signed, 2 pages.

George Washington acknowledges receipt of several letters from George Augustine Washington at Barbadoes and Bermuda.

Leaf from a notebook kept by George Washington suggestions which includes improvements and experiments in modern farming techniques and inventions from experts of the time.

Plans for the Greenhouse quarters drawn and annotated by George Washington about 1785

Memorandum notes that Quarters to be 16' wide; half of that with 4' projection sufficient width for greenhouse; chimneys and where to place them; in front part of greenhouse need 2 tiers of windows; windows close together; chimneys in quarters; front of quarters might be wood with brick underpinning--center or greenhouse part all brick to the eves; rafters same angle; describes how to place windows in greenhouse.

Leaf from a Mount Vernon ledger.

Please forward enclosed letter ... requests current cash prices of good plank (inch, inch & quarter, inch & half) in Alexandria ... if vessel presently in harbor and has some for sale, master should call at Mount Vernon ...

Docketed "Rough field Notes taken by George Washington in running the courses of the Land bot. from George & Jas. Mercer".

[reverse of document dated Mar. 5, 1785, Patrick Henry to George Washington].

Autograph letter signed. Washington responds to a former Revolutionary officer's request for assistance. Washington offers to provide a certificate of service to Weissenfels if he can first send a testament of services from his commanding officer, Governor George Clinton.

George Washington discusses terms for hiring new miller Joseph Davenport who will replace miller Roberts.

Daily expenditures from cash fund on hand, and money received, with detailed explanation of some receipts and expenditures.

Concerning the purchase of shares of stock in the Potomac Company.

Anyone recommended by Mr. Powel is welcome at Mt. Vernon--encloses letter from an unknown gentleman [this was a Mr. Charles Vancouver, desiring to dedicate a publication to George Washington]--investigate to see what others think of author & his project.

Mr. Powel's advice has made him write Mr. [Charles] Vancouver, declining dedication of his publication--hopes to see Dr. Mayes, Powel's friend, on return from Caroline--Mrs. Macauly Graham's journey to the south--Mrs. Powel's letter to his nephew [Bushrod Washington] in Fredericksburg will be cared for.

Mount Vernon. George Washington opened this letter with a response to Chastellux's previous flattery, he continued with his hopes for peaceful trade and poetically outlined how nations might accomplish such a noble task, and he concluded with his plans for the Potomac Navigation Company, further identifying peaceful trade as a means of uniting nations.

Letter of condolence on Gov. Trumbull's death [Jonathan Trumbull Sr.]

Washington contracts in advance to purchase all 1,000 bushels of wheat from Mr. Battaile Muse. Purchased for George Washington's mill. Paid 6 shillings per bushel.

Washington first asks Gilpin for the use of a scow with which he intends to dredge mud from the river bottom for trial as fertilizer. Then he goes into some detail about the making of a water level and staff which he desires, "I have joiners that could execute the wooden work ... but my Smith is too great a bungler to entrust anything to him, ..." Washington asks Gilpin to have the iron work done for him, or, if he thinks it preferable to make the complete instrument for him.

Letter discussing the "Agricultural Society of Philadelphia," also known as the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture.

Washington hopes to trade 25 barrels of fine flour for ". . . a she ass from Surinam, . ."

A character testimonial on behalf of Mr. Booth, (of Westmoreland Co., Va.).

fragment, endorsed "Rect. No. 149 Walker Blunt Block Maker".

Presents Rev. Mr. Griffith, who owns much property in Alexandria--he wants to borrow money to build--good securities--would not hesitate to make loan himself, had he the money.

Autograph letter signed, Mount Vernon. Washington writes that he has only just received Trumbull's letter and enclosure of Feb. 20, and he hopes Trumbull will make his southern tour and visit Mount Vernon. Washington mentions the marriage of George Augustine Washington and Fanny Bassett, who are living with him, and encloses a letter for Mr. Dwight. This is Rev. Timothy Dwight, who sent Washington a copy of the "Conquest of Canaan."

Covers period April 23-29, including "6 half Johan. and half a Guinea to pay Mr. Buchanan my dividd. of the cash for the James River Navigation and recd. from his office 426 dollars in Indents (paper) for Interest on my Loan Office Certificates emitted in this state of Virginia." Includes money paid for rum, wool cards, G. & L. Washington's schooling [Samuel's children], flour, ferriage, etc.

Autograph letter signed with integral address panel, Mount Vernon to Whitehaven. Washington writes that he received 1400 Flags with small breakage, sent £50 bill on Wakelin Welch, and will settle for balance before Mr. Sanderson leaves country.

Autograph letter signed with address panel. Mount Vernon to New York. Washington thanks Taylor for the apples and pickled and fried oysters that he sent.

Mount Vernon. In this letter, George Washington sends his congratulations to David Humphreys on return to America [from London] and invites him to Mount Vernon.

Letter from George Washington to Richard Sprigg regarding husbandry and breeding a donkey. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

Letter signed. Mount Vernon. Sends several letters of James Bloxham's--Bloxham undecided about staying longer than a year--"In a word he seems rather to have expected to have found well organized farms, than that the end and design of my employing him was to make them so."--if Bloxham's wife is to come, let her come on ship to Alexandria or nearby ports--she can pay for seed, implements, etc., and be repaid in Virginia.

Report from George Washington to the Potomac Company shareholders. Written during Washington's term as president of the corporation, it provides updates on the progress of the company's work and a reminder that stock payments are due soon. Includes a discussion of works at the Seneca and Shenandoah Falls as well as the cutting of a canal at Great Falls. Provides a reminder of the appointed day for electing a president and directors for the ensuing year. Autograph document in unknown handwriting, signed 'In behalf of the Directors,' by George Washington, 1 page.

Autograph letter, signed. Mount Vernon. Washington asks Digges if he would inquire among his friends on the Eastern Shore, Maryland "if I could be furnished with one thousand feet of the best plan plank; precisely 24 feet long (when dressed) - To be without sap, or knots. - It is for the floor of my New room." Years before Washington had set aside some like lumber but "behold! half of it was stolen, and the other half will match no plank I can now get."

Acknowledges Peale's receipt of Golden Pheasant. Sent body of French Hen. Wishes Peale success with mezzotinto prints.

Incloses copy of the Vision of Columbus which he promised--his copies just came to hand.

For 3 ruffled shirts, 1 plain one, 4 stockings, 1 pair breeches, etc.

Advising him that he will discharge the balance owing--Mr. Morris will have his agent in New York pay $840, about £325.6. as per account of January.

Regrets hearing that George Augustine Washington is ill, wants him not to do more than he can safely do. Instructions about Mount Vernon.

Will call for her in carriage in hopes of accompanying her to Lansdown this evening.

Thanks for inquiring into prices of painting and lining carriages--he has employed a Mr. Clark to repair chariot--well spoken of--can see progress every day when passing his workshop in the Square.

George Washington appointed George Augustine Washington manager of Mount Vernon in his absence. The letter gives detailed instruction of farming Mount Vernon, as well as decorating the mansion, improvements to farm buildings, supervision and care of the servants, miscellaneous purchases.

Has perused contents of enclosed--finds it good and just, and thinks they will meet with favorable reception of his nephew [Bushrod Washington].

"Dear Sir, I have this moment been favored with your letter and with out date from Prince Georges County and have ordered the Jennies to be delivered to Mr. Dove--hoping both will prove with foal. Royal Gift never fails ...,".

Lists the names, occupations, and salaries of 86 workmen on the Potomac Company canal near Harper's Ferry.

Introduces Mr. and Mrs. [Samuel] Powel of Philadelphia.

The Powel's safe arrival in Philadelphia [after visit at Mt. Vernon]--the Mr. Morrises [Robert and Gouvernor] visited on way to Richmond--hopes to hear of the [Pennsylvania] state convention's decision on Federal Government--Spanish chestnuts--will send more about the 1st of October next year.

Thanks for seeds--glad Caleb Hall did not come from England--thanks for offer to send blacksmiths & mill wrights, but needs none--no benefits for people of that kind to come over--"Whenever we have a regular & firm government established the prospect for these people will be much more pleasing."--Bloxham well.

Thoughts about various states debating ratification of Constitution--generosity of landholders in county of Philadelphia in proposing it for seat of Federal government.

George Washington passes on some information about Irish wolf dogs to Carter which he received from an Irish gentleman. George Washington does not think that mastiffs will fulfill the purpose of hunting wolves which Carter apparently wants.

In this letter, George Washington reveals his humorous side after learning of Chastellux's recent marriage and Washington ended the letter with important information on the Constitution and methods of united the now new nation.

Invitation to dinner for Monday, May 19, 1788. Answer is requested.

Thanks her for her composition in his honor--new government--hopes those of her sex will introduce federal fashions and national manners instead of following foreign manners and fashions.

Washington introduces the Count de Moustier, from the Court of France, and the Marchioness de Brehan, who are returning to New York and propose to pass through Baltimore.

Introdues [Ferdinand] Fairfax, son of [Bryan] Fairfax, his godson--he goes to Philadelphia to complete his studies.

Washington advises his nephew about his contemplated move to Alexandria to set up a law practice.

Letter discussing Bushrod renting George Washington's townhouse in Alexandria, as well as the stable and garden.

George Washington grants his nephew, George Augustine Washington, power of attorney during the former's absence from Mount Vernon. George Washington was preparing to take office as first President of the United States, and George Augustine Washington acted as manager of Mount Vernon during George Washington's first term. Witnessed by Tobias Lear and John Fairfax.

Bill from President to Mr. Lewis

Presidential appointment to Redman as customs collector at the port of Yeocomico River in Virginia. The rest of the document is filled in by Tobias Lear. This appointment followed the first Tariff Act of July 4, 178

On September 3, 1789, George Washington sent this letter to Edmund Jennings Lee inviting him to dine at Mount Vernon along with John Marshall and Bushrod Washington. Marshall had recently returned from service as peace commissioner to France and Washington hoped to persuade him to run for Congress in the upcoming election. Lee must have declined this invitation, because his name is not recorded in Washington's diary among his dinner guests that evening.

Advises Stuart, as administrator of estate of John Parke Custis, to let Mr. Alexander have disputed land [J.P. Custis' "Abingdon" estate] back and pay him a fair rent for the time it was out of his possession -- has no time to give reasons -- Martha Washington adds her approval at bottom of letter in short note and signature.

Authorization of expenses needed for the return of Hugh Taylor, a fugitive indentured servant, to the Potomac Company from Alexandria to Great Falls in November 1789. Document signed, 1 page.

Sorry to find the report on the Hessian Fly to Maj. Jackson has been recalled--hasn't written Mr. [Arthur] Young about it--is informed, especially in Connecticut, that fly is now in wheat too--it is a pity farmers won't stick to yellow-bearded wheat, which is immune.

Partially printed on card from President Washington and Mrs. Washington--not filled out.

Written in George Washington's hand, this note is extracted from a letter from George Augustine Washington to George Washignton. The letter gives length of bolting cloth now in the mill--Col. Biddle observes has the difference between cloth and reel covered with coarse linen.

Thanks to Society for letter and present accompanying it -- beneficial consequences to rural economy from prizes awarded -- Mr. Matthewson's improvements in art of cheese making. Signed by Washington, though not written in his hand.

Consents to agreement with Mr. Alexander in order to avoid a legal decision -- forwarded it to Lund Washington -- question of assumption not taken up yet -- it has been fully discussed and majority will be small on whichever side wins -- will not send the original papers [pertaining to above agreement] to him in Williamsburg.

Account amounting to £51.6.2 for ice and "mouls" of ice cream.

New York. Autograph letter signed. Washington writes in response to a letter from the wife of Lafayette requesting a brevet commission at the rank of captain for Joseph-Léonard Poirey, a French officer who served under her husband.

Washington writes, "And you will, I dare flatter myself, do me the justice to believe that I can never be more happy than in according marks of attention to so good a friend to America and so excellent a patriot as Madame la Marquise de la Fayette. Nor did she need any excuse for making use of her own language to be the interpreter of so much politeness & persuasion as she has found means to convey in one short letter. In truth that language, at least when used by her, seems made on purpose to have fine things communicated in it; and I question whether any other, at least in the hands of any other person, would have been equally competent to the effect."

Received his letter by Mr. Robert Parish -- declines proposals for dedicating the travels of William Bartram to himself, as it sets a bad precedent -- however, approves book and adds name as a subscriber.

Letter cover only, signature has been clipped

On a trip from Mount Vernon to Philadelphia, Washington complains about his coachman, Dunn, who has given many "proofs of his want of skill in driving ..." and "... this Morning was found much intoxicated." Lear is asked to make inquiries after a new driver.

Discusses Gov. Clinton's letter of 26th containing news from Capt. Brant of the expedition against the Indians which was ambushed [Gen. Harmar's expedition] -- sounds true but awaits more news -- our force ought to have been large enough to tackle a force of 1,000 or more -- friendly sentiments of Capt. Brant -- his account of Gen. St. Clair not true nor the account of affairs at Muskingum -- Brant tried to prevent any treaty -- St. Clair wanted no more land than already given -- treaty of Muskingum.

Impossible to arrange an exchange of property with Ball, who wishes to have land held by George Washington in Berkeley County. Not possible because property leased to tenants and value greater than Ball believes it to be. Would be willing to work an exchange, however, for some of his land west of the Alleghany River.

Account for Feb. 21 and April 2 for Best Bourbon Coffee, amounting to £8.15.4.

Washington writes to the Mayor of Alexandria saying that an accurate survey is necessary of 10 miles square in question [the land for the Federal City] -- has engaged Mr. Ellicott to make it -- hopes corporation of Alexandria, Virginia will give all necessary help.

While on his Southern tour, Washington writes to Lear that "I am perfectly satisfied that every necessary and proper step will be taken to procure a good Steward, and a good House keeper ..." for the Philadelphia household. Orders a garden worker to be paid.

Presents one set of the Annals sent him by Mr. Arthur Young to the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture as requested.

Major George A. Washington gone to Berkeley so he will address him [Whitting] on Mount Vernon matters -- send weekly reports -- corn at the mill should be ready -- gather this corn & stalks together for fodder -- plant this meadow in grass -- further instructions on harvesting and seeding -- all autumn grain and grass to be put in as soon as possible -- wants an overseer for Dogue Run, a man with a small family -- house for overseer, can move one from the Mansion to Dogue Run easier than build a new one, add a brick chimney -- this was originally at Dogue Run -- instructions for Tom Davis, bricklayer, about "the other Wing of the Green House" -- be sure brick work on old & new walls coincide exactly -- instructions for Will, "if ... is not likely to provide shoes enough for the Negroes in due Season" -- clover -- use the barn floor to tread wheat -- not to use Mr. Lund Washington's smith for work on Harrows, Mt. Vernon's smiths are competent -- how is wheat crop -- if 335 bushels all? -- crop short indeed.

Washington writes to his Mount Vernon overseer about farm matters; mentions crop rotation system, decreasing productivity of land, wheat experiments, mill production, and missing horse.

Washington writes to North Carolina's Governor that he has received letter with notice of cession of land in North Carolina for building lighthouses -- mentions recent southern tour -- thanks him for reception in North Carolina -- object was "To see with my own eyes the situation of the Country, and to learn on the spot the condition and disposition of our Citizens." Written in the hand of Tobias Lear.

Thanks her for sending enclosed "Strictures &c" to him to read -- it hasn't caused him any pain -- he regrets author didn't spend some of time investigating the facts instead of writing the pamphlet. If he had done so, the author "might have found many of his charges as unsupported as the 'baseless fabric of a vision'" (quoting from The Tempest, IV,1). The pamphlet referred to was "Strictures and observations upon the three executive departments of the government of the United States..." by Massachusettensis ([Philadelphia], 1792).

Invitation from George Washington to Mr. Gilbert. Partially printed. Filled in by George Washington. Mr. Gilbert, who is invited to dine at 4:00, is unidentified. Engraved invitation does not include phrase "and Mrs. Washington" like others issued at the time.

Pressing public business causes delay in answering letter -- thanks for information he requested on genealogy of Washington family -- returns herewith will of Lawrence Washington as she desires.

Washington will gladly accept one of several tubs of grape vines from Madeira if Mr. Powel doesn't need them all -- a vessel sails for Alexandria in a few days -- will send sundry parcels to Mt. Vernon.

Discusses plantation management.

Autograph letter signed. Washington denies a request from his neighbor to hunt deer on his property.

Has heard that Maj. Harrison of Loudon County intends selling his land adjoining George Washington's in Fairfax -- Washington wishes to buy for sole reason of ridding himself of the "villainies" which are performed by those tenants who occupy Harrison's land -- land no good for a farm -- if he can get good price make the bargain, so long as title is clear and not under any encumbrances of leases.

Contracts services for one year-house carpenter and Joiner should conduct themselves soberly, honestly and deliberately-duties: superintend Negro carpenters, use proper care with tools, keep an account (in a book) of needs and things done, should set a good example, and will remain at work from light to dark-pay is 10 pounds a month- George Washington will provide: meat and meal or flour, tools, quarters, and will pay taxes.

Encloses copies of earlier letters to Lewis, in case originals miscarry -- has written Mr. [Anthony] Whitting at Mount Vernon not to sell the stud horse, but deliver him to Robert Lewis -- Lewis's aunt (Martha Washington) joins in sending greetings.

Will pay small sum in Amsterdam -- encloses bill of exchange drawn by George Meade on Henry Gildermeester in his favor – 2,310 guilders in Dutch currency -- will remit second exchange by British packet slated to sail on 6 February. With this sum, Washington transferred money to a Dutch banking firm in order to assist the family of the Marquis de Lafayette, who had been captured by Prussian forces as he fled France in August 1792.

Please convey enclosed letter to Madame La Fayette "if you know where she is to be found" -- hold amount of bill sent subject to her order -- sent to Holland because reports in America say if Madame Lafayette is not there, it will be known where she is to be found.

Comments on enclosed poem that contains birthday sentiments for Mrs. Powel. The poem was copied by Tobias Lear from a 1792 manuscript by the poet Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson. Mount Vernon has both the original and Lear's copy.

Enclosed is second bill of exchange for 2310 guilders for Madame Lafayette.

Received Parker's letter desiring to know terms on which he (Washington) would sell his Gloucester County land -- since he got it at valuation of £800 Virginia currency for part of a bond, he will sell it for same plus interest since 1789 -- Washington wants payment upon giving over the land, but some credit can be arranged.

Received letter containing Mr. Bennett's claim against Colville's estate -- deals with George Washington's position as executor of Colville estate -- won't pay interest on debt thereof until court of Chancery decides whether it is just -- refers him to Mr. Keith of Alexandria who has papers dealing with estate.

Encloses Col. Robert Townsend Hooe's letter relating to the Thomas Colville estate -- wishes to have final settlement of estate -- check Mr. Bennett's account with documents and see if it seems to be correct -- Washington thinks Bennett's claim different from what he remembered legacy to be -- has referred Hooe to him for details.

Congratulations and best wishes on her birthday from both President and Mrs. Washington -- would have attended her party except for "the late event which has happened in their family" (the death of George Augustine Washington).

Dinner invitation from George and Martha Washington to Mr. and Mrs. Dalton and daughter. Not in Washington's hand. Tristram Dalton was a friend and first senator from Massachusetts. Invitation was issued just prior to Washington's second inauguration in the Senate chamber.

George Washington requires shells for lime to make mortar for about "40,000 Bricks." Constructing Dogue Run Farm 16-sided barn. Asks his nephew if he hires out "Negro carpenters by the year?" Can he recommend carpenter overseer?

Has little information re inquiry of Mr. Thomas Bowen--only man named George Harrison in area died 50 years ago--no children--widow married man named Posey--Harrison's land left to nephew John West, from whom George Washington bought it about 20 years ago--knows nothing of affairs of Harrison's estate.

Received letter from Wilkinson by way of Captain Abner Prior and shortly after the two kegs of fish from "western waters" [in Ohio] -- fish were fine and a novelty here.

By Brig Betsey, sends triplicates of letters of Jan. 30 and 31 and the third exchange for 2310 guilders for Madame Lafayette.

Sends plan of new federal district where the seat of government will be located -- "It will serve to show you, and such as may have the curiosity to look at it, that whatever our present condition is, we have vanity enough to look forward to a better."

Mrs. Washington is indisposed with a cold -- afraid she will increase it by going to the circus this afternoon -- President and rest of family will go to see exhibition of Mr. Ricketts.

Mr. David Clark, coachmaker in Philadelphia, has asked him to write informing Col. Washington that the coach he (George Washington) had with him in Charleston was made by Clark -- he has heard it was admired for its beauty and is made of good materials -- Mr. Clark hears Col. Washington wants to have a coach made and he desires the job.

Since Mr. de Barth has not made stipulated payments for land bought of Washington, lying on the Kanawas, Washington suggests canceling the bargain instead of bringing measures against De Barth for payment.

Received from Arthur Young two sets of his Annals, numbered 98-108--presumes one set intended, as usual, for Agricultural Society of this city--accordingly, sends them to him as president.

Inquires as to price and availability of the best clover seed.

At request of several gentlemen of his acquaintance, Washington introduces Dr. Edwards, who is going to Europe for his health and to obtain knowledge of agriculture there.

Mr. Arthur Young has written that the several accounts collected by George Washington of agriculture in this country "have set him afloat on the High Seas of conjecture with respect to the Agriculture of this Country ..." -- "and, as you had a hand in setting him afloat, it is but fair that you should lend your assistance to get him landed again" -- sends enclosed extracts from Young's letter and desires Peters to answer queries -- Young has been prevented by the war from coming to this country to study himself the agriculture and see what can be done along that line.

Agrees to Hooe's offer for flour -- will order Anthony Whitting to make delivery in Alexandria, but wishes because of harvest time that Hooe would take delivery at his mill or on river opposite -- market for flour is not falling as Hooe says, but only a temporary drop due to lack of vessels to take it to European markets -- had heard of William Shepherd's intent to apply to Loudon Court to condemn George Washington's land on Difficult Run -- encloses a copy of earlier letter to Col. Powell on subject.

Hereby conveys a letter from Warner Washington III as he promised -- the younger Warner is destitute for funds in this city.

Enlarges on recent letter of Mrs. Washington's (dictated by him) relative to the estate in Berkeley -- in accord with provisions in George A. Washington's will, advises settling a second plantation in Berkeley including some land in Fairfax County, as a grass and small grain farm -- advises on getting tenants and drawing up contracts -- she should ask advice of George S. Washington -- Anthony Whitting's decline caused by consumption necessitates visit to Mt. Vernon but public business presses and visit will be short.

Death of Anthony Whitting -- needs Tilghman's help to procure new manager -- thinks a good one may better be found on Eastern Shore of Maryland than elsewhere -- gives qualifications for the job -- lists several people in Tilghman's neighborhood whom he has had recommended -- among them is William Pearce [later manager of Mt. Vernon] -- doesn't want to lure any away from present jobs, unless they had intended leaving anyway.

At the time of this letter, Washington was serving his second term as president and was living in Philadelphia. His nephew, George Augustine Washington, had served as farm manager for the previous seven years but died in 1793. In need of a new farm manager, Washington considered his nephew, Lawrence Lewis.

Concerned that Lewis was too inexperienced for the job, Washington remarked on the necessary qualifitcations necessary: "…so little haveg it in my power to visit, or attend to my private concerns, that it becomes extremly necessary (besides fidility) to have an experienced & skilful man, of some weight, to manage my business; one whose Judgment is able to direct him in cases which may arise out of circumstances that can neither be foreseen, nor previously guarded against.

Washington continued, "What the age of Mr Lawrence Lewis is—what opportunities he may have had to acquire any knowledge in the management of a Farm. What his disposition, whether active or indolent. Whether clear in his perceptions, & of good Judgment. Whether sober & sedate, or fond of amusements and running about—with other queries which might be asked, as well applying to a young man Just entering on the career of life; are all matters to which I am an entire stranger; and if you can give me information respecting them, I shall thank you. You will readily perceive that my sole object in these enquiries is to ascertain the competency of a character to whom I should commit an important trust; consequently, going no farther, can operate nothing to the prejudice of my Nephew, whatever, in confidence, you may say to me on the foregoing points and such others as may occur to you."

Washington instead hired a more seasoned farm manager, William Pearce. Pearce served as farm manager until 1796 during which time Lewis came to stay at Mount Vernon and worked in some managerial capacity, but the official farm manager by then was James Anderson. Lewis eventually married Nelly Custis in 1799 and lived the remainder of his life at Woodlawn.

Has heard from Mr. Robert Lewis that Crow desires increase in wages -- since he had best crop last year at Union Farm, Washington will raise him to £40 per annum as an encouragement, but will not raise him any higher hereafter.

Requests that Mercer forward deed from "yourself & others to me" if it has been duly executed and recorded.

Has given James Keith a draught on Col. Hooe for £140, the amount due Keith for his trouble in Colville estate -- asks that Hooe deduct it from what is due George Washington.

Lewis was acting Estate Manager for George Washington at Mount Vernon. The letter contains instructions for various farm activities and personal advice to young Lewis on how to write better reports.

100 guineas a year for superintendant of Mt. Vernon--recommends that Pearce visit the estate--to determine if all is to his liking-George Washington expects to be at Mt. Vernon on the 20th of Sept.--gives directions, mileage, stage schedule--speaks of worthless overseer to 8-10 Negro carpenters--hopes to replace him by New Year's day.

Won't sell land on Difficult Run in Loudon County except for very high price -- was in treaty with a Dutchman for it for £60 per annum -- would want double what Lewis offered for the Frederick County land because when Shenandoah River is made navigable, lands near it will increase greatly in value

Introduces Tobias Lear, who leaves George Washington as Secretary after 7 years -- Lear is engaged in a mercantile scheme -- recommends him to Short's kindness.

Introduces Tobias Lear, who goes to Europe to carry into effect his plans for an "extensive commercial establishment" at the Federal City -- Lear can explain his long delay in writing -- encloses Mr. Richard Peters' and Mr. Thomas Jefferson's answers to his queries about American agriculture -- if there are any questions, ask Lear.

Sends their regrets that Mrs. Powel cannot accompany him and Mrs. Washington to Virginia.

George Washington's nephew's widow has decided to move--Pearce and his family to move into Mansion--repairing of Mr. Crow's house--recommends Pearce residing in the right wing (the Hall)--list of things at his disposal --authorizes Pearce to acquire ploughs and any other tools --outlines benefits of Pearce's early arrival.

Washington comments on the disagreeable conduct of the French minister Genet, who seems to want to involve the U.S. in war. The situation has "test[ed] the temper of the Executives."

Deals with involved estate of Samuel Washington and his last wife, Susannah Perrin Holding Washington -- had been undecided whether to try to get estate from Mrs. Washington's family in favor of his niece Harriot who was left very little -- will reach an agreement -- "Pay me one hund. pounds which I shall give to my niece for her immediate support, and I will quit claim to all the Negros which belonged to Mrs. Saml. Washington ...".

An attachment has been served against Washington -- despite Mercer's orders to the contrary, collectors present notes against Mercer's brother's estate to George Washington's manager for Payment -- brought bond and mortgage of Mercer's late father and brother from Philadelphia, and will exchange them for land -- asks whether his (Washington's) signature necessary on the instrument.

In this letter George Washington has decided to engage superintendant of carpenters for another year--could not find anyone to relace-comments on man who looks after the house people, ditchers, etc.--after winter, Pearce can decide to remain at Mt. Vernon or live elsewhere--construction of house for Mr. Crow--Negro children forbidden to enter the yards and gardens (excluding the children of cook and her husband the Mulatto Frank).

George Washington's general thoughts and directions on government of Mt. Vernon--Mr. Howell Lewis will remain until Pearce's arrival--farm needs much manure---plans to go largely with buck wheat as a green manure---has requested for 450 to 500 bushels for seed--does not wish to go largely with corn--plans to sow a good many oats--keeping no more than half for seed.

George Washington instructs Pearce to take an exact account of the stock, tools and implements on each of the farms--to purchase a proper (bound) book in Alexandria for accounts--insists on the correctness of these registers--outines work of the carpenters: complete the new barn at Dogue Run, etc.--comments on live fences: cedar, lombardy poplar, and willows--hogs and sows--wants to reclaim and lay grass to the mill swamp--clover lots--potatoes--McKoy and Tom Davis--directions for lots on Muddy Hole, Union and River farms--Cyrus a slave at Mansion house--Muclus a slave--Will, a kind of overseer--stresses the need to regulate wagons and carts at the Mansion--Ehler the gardener and an agreement as to where he should eat--Lucy the cook--instructions to provide Negroes with as much meal as they can eat without waste--provisions of fish--directions for killing and preserving the hogs--clover timothy and orchard grass--post and rail fence from the Miller's house to the trunnel fence--barrier against bad neighbors--breaking of the steers to the yoke--oxen--asks for the return of large stone jars (which were filled with spirits)--wants an inventory of articles in store at Mansion--the Jack and stud horse--superfine and fine flour--allowance of meat and meal--paying of debt--overhauling the Seins now rather than in the Spring.

Course of crops--objective was to recover the fields from exhausted state-manure-buck wheat-Indian corn-comments on the insufferable conduct of overseers-Col. Ball of Leesburgh promised to send buck wheat-commends on poor quality of common oats brought from Eastern shore-garlick and wild onions-complains about overseers not doing much fall plowing--has little dependence on overseers when left to themselves-gives directions on how Pearce is to treat overseers-warns Pearce not to be like Mr. Whiting, who is said to have drank freely-GW's observations of his overseers: Stuart, Crow, McKoy, Butler, Davy and Thomas Green.

Written in the hand of Bartholomew Dandridge. Washington describes his Mount Vernon estate to the English agronomist in great detail, as he is considering leasing four of the Mount Vernon farms. Includes his description of Mount Vernon: "No estate in United America is more pleasantly situated than this."

George Washington sends two bank notes of one hundred dollars each for Mr. Butler--is upset that the ice house was not filled during the late freezing spell--wants to know quantity of oats that have been thrashed--instructs them to get seeds from the gardener--has sent a bundle of Poccon or Illinois nuts via Mr. Jefferson--East India hemp seed for sowing--inquires as to the appearance of the growing wheat--using Mr. Whiting's memo book, Mr. Dandridge will settle Mr. Butler's account.

George Washington inquires of condition and shelter of stock at Dogue Run and Union--instances of misconduct of Crow and McKoy--informs Pearce that he is taking on Butler again. Observations on various agricultural things. Asks about the carpenters at Mrs. Fanny Washington's. Informs Pearce that in the Eastern states, horses aided by oxen do the plowing.

Crop rotation plan--hopes to bring fields into a profitable state of cultivation--mentions Mr. Stuart's suggestion that the good fields be planted with corn and poor parts with buck wheat--sending 14 bushels of clover seed--suspects that Negro seedsmen are taking toll on seeds--manure to Mansion house for oats, grass and potatoes--fences at River farm--Thomas Green taking fine flour from the mill--payment of a hundred dollars to Mr. Dulany--rent due to Mrs. French for year 1793-wages for 1793 due to estate of Mr. Anthony Whitting.

Draft of a letter from George Washington to John Hamilton Moore thanking him for a copy of his book 'The new practical navigator'. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

George Washington speaks of Mr. Butler's agreeable work and conduct--French furze--construction of substantial fences--pigs--planting of clover and buck wheat--wants to know of the appearance of the growing wheat and barley--progress on the new race at the mill--honey locust seed--white bent seed--inquires about the amount of St. Foin and India hemp seed--stresses the importance of selling cattle before it is too late--attending to their breeding--Mrs. Fanny Washington asks to rent her fishing landing--conditions of rent--Col. Ball must have the three shoats he requested (a boar and two sows)--payment of wages to Stuart, Crow and McKoy--intends to build dairies at both Union and Dogue Run farms.

George Washington mentions the death of Stuart's daughter--gives directions for repairs of the house in Alexandria--comments that cedar posts, chestnut or cyprus rails are better than oak--concerned about the idleness of his carpenters--barn at Dogue Run--discusses the increase of lambs reported by the overseers--a missing report of Mr. Stuart is requested--sending payment from Philadelphia of Mr. Lewis' order to Mr. Ross--white bent grass seeds received--Ehler the gardener--directions for labeling new seeds.

George Washington assents to Pearce's request to meet his children in Baltimore--payment of wages to Mr. Stuart--enclosed some early colliflower seed, sent by Mrs. Washington--promises to send copy of advertisement of terms on which jacks and stud horses are to cover--mentions Crow's inattention to stock in regards to sheep sheering--St. Foin seed and India hemp--hares being destructive--lucern--enclosed three bank notes for Rev. Mr. Muir and Mr. Hartshorne--warns not to take mares from the jacks until paid.

Regarding his annual contributions to the Alexandria Academy--Washington wishes to know what indigent or orphaned children have attended and what their progress has been, especially since he has only once received such a report.

Following up on his previous letter, Washington writes that he has not had any response from Simms or James Keith regarding the Thomas Colvill estate, nor of the cash sent to Simms, nor has Washington received the documents he had requested from them.

George Washington explains horse advertisement--care of the youngest jack and mules--Peter--tells Pearce to keep an exact account of all mares and jenneys that go to the jacks--Mr. Prescot of Loudoun (or Fauquier) owes yet for last year--speaks of Mr. Lewis' account that the new visto is opened much further than intended--instructions to buy as much good Oznabrigs--for the making of clothes for the Negroes--requests a sample of the linnen--comments on the price of midlings and ship stuff and superfine and fine flour--corn--breaking of the ground in the fall.

George Washington approves the use of his own people in repairing the house in Alexandria--warns that putting the fence posts too distant will cause the rails to warp--glad to hear of Green's finishing the barn at Dogue Run--comments on the grain falling from the treading floor--lucern--directions for preparing--St. Foin and India hemp--impossible navigation has prevented him sending the promised clover and other seeds--hopes to send next week.

Cannot possibly appoint Spotswood's son John as commander of a frigate over older and experienced officers--perhaps can make him 2nd or 3rd lieutenant--on recommendation of Mr. Brooke and others, Mr. Lawrence Muse appointed as Collector of Rappahannock [Cty] to succeed Hudson Muse.

Autograph letter signed, two pages plus cover page with Washington's presidential frank. Washington writes Ball regarding a shipment of goods that he expects will soon depart Philadelphia after some delay. The shipment includes clover seeds and cocoa bean shells, latter intended as a gift from Martha Washington to Ball's wife, Francis (Fanny) Washington Ball, the daughter of George's brother Charles. Finally, Washington encloses an advertisement for the stud services of his prized livestock, the horse Traveller and donkeys Knight of Malta and Compound.

Lewis has given him no information on Washington's lots in Winchester and Bath, Virginia [the latter now Berkeley Springs, W.Va.]--he wishes a list of all tenants, what they owe, and how they stand--asks Lewis to post copies of enclosed advertisement in area, especially at Leesburg and Fauquier Courthouse--Mr. Prescoat [Prescott] owes for last year's stud fee and a long pasturage.

Washington gives directions regarding the purchase of linnens for the enslaved people--suggestions for determining how far apart the boards on the threshing floor should be in the new barn at Dogue Run--cultivation of the drilled wheat--clover seed, furze and other promised articles are on board the Sally Captain--Col. Gilpin--onions and garlick--might get some oats from Notley Young, esq.--gives directions for the enclosed Nankeen cotton seeds--P.S. (page 3): wrote Col. Ball and Mr. Robert Lewis, welcome to send a mare or two to either of the Jacks or the Horse--P.S. (page 4): March 17, delay in departure of the Vessel [Sally], may alter delivery route--5 bushels of Plaster of Paris to be tried on clover. Autograph letter signed, 4 pages.

George Washington complains that the overseers did not plow in the fall--success of the crop--running rollers over the grass and wheat--spring barley--Wayles the Brewer in Alexandria--winter barley--Col. Ball is late with the buck wheat--ponders the distance between sections of the floor at the new Dogue Run barn--furnishing Mr. Smith with fish from the landing--prices--securing enough fish for the use of the people there--asks about quantity of wheat--tobacco stored in Alexandria--inquires about Pearce's family arrival--sending, on the next vessel, nine bolts of Oznabrigs--it is cheaper there than in Alexandria--gives directions on receiving payment from Col. Lyles and instructs where he is located--sending three pounds of lucern seed--directs Pearce not to accept anything but the whole sum from Col. Lyles.

George Washington decides that the space between boards on the treading floor of the new barn at Dogue Run will be an inch and a half--suggests that the oats may be tread on the same floor--will send three and a half bushels of a peculiar kind of oats--appearance of the drilled and other wheat--comments on the fine weather during March--winter barley--St. Foin and hemp--Abram--warns of Crow's not able to be trusted--warns of lack of water should mill race not be completed--Washington's sister Lewis of Fredericksburgh is allowed to have one of the unbroken mules.

George Washington is glad to hear that Pearce's family has safely arrived at Mt. Vernon--hopes that change of air will help to restore the eldest daughter to health--writes of the capture of vessels by the British--followed by the embargo--fall in provisions--price of flour--threshing of wheat--purchasing salt before the prices get higher--it is not Washington's expectation to stop ploughing in order to roll the grass and grain--breaking of steers--inquires of the young grass planted last fall--defends the imposition of garden seeds--provision for providing clothes for the young gardener at Alexandria--chance for lambs is bad--rams--instructions for shearing time--paper for the rooms in the house--plastering and white washing--orders for Thomas Davis to paint the houses--lower portion a stone color and the roof red.

Rare for Washington to answer letters applying for appointments, but because of personal regard and former public association he is replying to this one ... lists 3 reasons which explain his silence re: applications for appointments: (1) requests are so numerous and courteous replies require too much of his time; (2) courteous answers could be interpreted to mean more than was intended; (3) at the time of his Inauguration "... I resolved firmly that no man should ever charge me justly with deception ..." has never committed himself on an appointment until all information and circumstances have been examined ... on a purely personal basis without involving his public character or the Country, Washington has responded to a request of McHenry's ...

Washington asks Deakins to examine contents of enclosed order and tell him the price the tobacco would fetch.

Presidential pardon signed by George Washington and issue to David Blair. The Customs Act of 1790 specified procedures for collecting duties on imported goods and standardized the sizes of containers for certain imported goods in order to facilitate easier taxation and reduce fraud. For instance, run was required to be imported in casks of at least 50 gallons. David Blair's attempt to import rum from Barbados in casks smaller than 50 gallons resulted in the forfeiture of his vessel. Washington's 1794 pardon of Blair remits this forfeiture. Signed by Edmund Randolph as Secretary of State. Manuscript document signed, with embossed paper seal, 1 page.

George Washington expresses his being sorry to learn of Pearce's not being well--discusses the amount owed to the estate of Mr. Anthony Whitting--Col. Bassett--Mr. Lear--the private papers of Mr. Whitting--his heir Mr. Ring--ready to sow buck wheat at all the farms--inquires of progress of oats and grass seeds--rain twice last week--dry in Philadelphia--instructs Pearce not to grind more wheat because of the embargo--flax--clothes for the Negroes--wool--warns Pearce to be cautious of pilferring.

George Washington expresses confusion over dimensions of the rooms in Alexandria house given by Thomas Green--flax seed--regulate the grass lots at Dogue Run farm--potatoes, oats and clover for the support of the stock, the Mansion house and for sale--demands particular attention to the penning of the stock--willow--informs Pearce that 5,000 white thorn plants are being sent by Mr. Lear on the ship Peggy from England--other fruit trees--lima beans.

Declares that Mr. Thomas Digges was during the Revolution and since a friend to the United States--Digges sent him intelligence and helped prisoners escape from England back to this country--Digges was thought to be in pay of Dr. Benjamin Franklin--Washington never knew his loyalty was questioned, though he has now disputed with Franklin over accounts--John Trumbull, in England during Revolution, declares that Digges aided the American cause.

Writes the answers to queries regarding injunction by one John Henshaw, arising from estate settlement of George Mercer--John Tayloe, George Mason and George Washington were given power of attorney by Mercer and others in England. Washington writes that "It is really hard that I am so often called before Courts in matters in which I have no interest; but am continually saddled with the expence of defence."

George Washington is sorry to hear that the ship Peggy has not arrived from England with his 5,000 white thorn plants--Mr. Lear's fruit trees--hoped that Pearce had discharged Green when he found him drinking--he sets such a bad example--never got an account of last year's corn--buck wheat--potatoes--preserving the apricots--does not want to because his family will not be at Mt. Vernon at all during the summer--hopes to, assuming public business permits, make a flying trip through Mt. Vernon after the rising of Congress--papering the ceiling.

Sending paper for two lower rooms in house--warns Pearce to wait until plaster is thoroughly dry--Green--instructions for the payment of the Sheriff's and Clerk's notes--Mrs. Fanny Washington--cut the hay and grain in time at harvest--be attentive to the drilled wheat--secure it in the seed loft at the Mansion--approves of sowing the first lot in the mill swamp with buck wheat and timothy--corn--grass--mentions Pearce's complaint of bad pastures--wool of dead sheep--inquires about corn, oats, buck wheat and clover.

Crops suffering from drought--Mr. Dandridge--oats on last vessel have disappeared--has enclosed four small papers of seeds which have been sent from a curious gentleman in Europe--keeping of clover for seed--buck wheat--timothy--heavy cost of these in the markets of Philadelphia--value of various grasses--clover ought to be well cured before stacking--Crow--both cattle and sheep will benefit from turnip--asks about the drilled wheat and common wheat--ought to be ripe by the 8th or 10th of June--there are two kinds of wheat in drills at Union--inquires if Plaster of Paris was spread--hides of the dead cattle to be tanned by the old man Jack--skins of the dead sheep--Mulatto Will making shoes--Mrs. Fanny Washington--four missing heads of tobacco--Mr. Whitting--surveying in the fall--Mr. Minor--hopes to be at Mt. Vernon by the 10th of June--selling of a horse--health of slaves discussed--Sam, Doll, several spinners, Ditcher Charles--awaiting the arrival of the Peggy and the white thorn plants and Mr. Lear's fruit trees--high price of flour--embargo.

Washington lists and describes lands that he owns on the Ohio, East side; on the Great Kanhawa; west of the Ohio; in Kentucky; in the State of Pennsylvania; and the Great Dismal Swamp--with acreage and asking prices of each--comments by Washington--he "will let them go" if sold together for £ 50,000, although separately they are valued higher--there follows a paragraph of description for each of the 8 tracts.

Crops labouring under drought--2 or 3 fine rains have fallen in Philadelphia in past week--unfavorable account of the drilled wheat--great change and decrease in number of sheep since George Washngton's leaving 5 years ago--average fleece from 5 pounds down to 2 pounds--ship Peggy arrived in George Town with the white thorn trees and Mr. Lear's fruit trees--enclosed list for gardener--fence around slave quarters at Union farm--sent oats--on next vessel Washington will send paper for the house.

Requests that Deakins endeavor to put a stop to trespassing on north part of Woodstock Manor in Montgomery County, Md. which fell to Washington's share in division of William Sprigg's property--also requests information on tenants and farms on his share.

Thanks Deakins for trees imported in the "Peggy"--but season probably too far advanced for them to live--enclosed is note to Francis Deakins regarding Washington's land in Woodstock Manor.

Glad to hear of rains--will give a different appearance to oats and flax--rains may enliven corn and buck wheat--fears for any grass that may have been cut--little is expected from white bent grass--save as many of the other grasses for seed--drilled wheat and common wheat--deception with respect to potatoes (210 bushels instead of 418) is an example of how little others can be trusted, black or white--Washington knows of the existence of place in Alexandria where pilfered items can be sold--corn--clover--turnip seeds--midlings and ship stuff--Mr. Douglass--will not be at Mt. Vernon until at least the end of the month.

Lambs were not to be sold--if any were, Washington never received the money--plans for the selling/care of the sheep--never kill the females--comments on those who would go against his plan--his absence has afforded them the opportunity--overseers not allowed to sell any animals--Mr. Stuart's selling butter--Washington never entertained an unfavorable opinion of Stuart and always a bad one of Green--Mrs. Stuart fraudulently furnishes butter for McKnight's Tavern--Mrs. Fanny Washington and the dampness of the cellar in the Alexandria house--Davis and his attendants taking a week to complete a job that should have taken a day--Mr. Oneill from Chester County--a freestone quarry near the lime kiln--Tom Davis and Muclus--Thomas Green--bad example for the carpenters.

People write Washington with all manner of requests and he never fails to answer, despite all his public business--he requests information from Fitzgerald on matter mentioned in enclosed letter from Mr. Smith--asks him to send information and the letter back.

George Washington plans to leave Philadelphia on Tuesday and will probably reach Mt. Vernon either Sunday or Monday--bringing two white waiters with him--one is a hostler and the other attends to Washington--tells Pearce to try the turnip seeds to prove their goodness--preparing ground for a seed that never vegitates.

Washington appoints [...] to collect his rents in counties of Fayette and Washington in state of Pa. The name and amount of salary left blank. Washington enclosed this power in a letter of same date to Presley Neville, desiring him to fill in name and amount himself.

Continual disappointment in collection of rents in Fayette and Washington Counties, Pa. forces Washington to place the matter in other hands--he directs Cannon to hand over list of tenants, etc. to [...]. (The name left blank in original and letterpress copy. Washington enclosed this in letter of same date to Presley Neville, leaving to his discretion the person to appoint to the task.)

GW arrived in Philadelphia on Monday--travelled all day through a constant rain--sorry to hear that wet weather interupts work--especially plowing--buck wheat should be plowed in while it is still green and succulent--corn--wheat--oats looked good when he was home--hopes weather does not injure--grass--scythes--hay--replenished with good seed--scratched in with harrows, or rakes with iron teeth--hopes for considerable profit from meadow ground--Capt. Conway of Alexandria sells 400 pounds worth of hay annually--planting corn at Mill swamp not for the sake of the crop but to prepare for grass--the bridge leading to McKoy's house--those parts of the large meadow enclosure at Union farm to be set with grass as soon as possible--fine timothy--instructs Pearce to write memorandums to remind himself of Washington's directions--Mrs. Fanny Washington taking possession of Alexandria house--Mr. Oneill--quarry--send butter and wood to Mrs. F. Washington--measuring of stone--Peter--mules--last Oct., Washington supplied all farms with a complete set of plow beasts (horses or mules)--raising mules for value--night rides and treading wheat will deprive Washington of foals--Lancaster--mares bought for breeding put to work and other rascally treatment by overseers--Sarah--Mr. Lund Washington's receipt for 500 pounds--has heard of illness of Pearce's eldest daughter--should be prepared for the unfortunate event--is satisfied with Pearce's conduct--list of Washington's favorite objectives--Mrs. Washington requests one dozen of the best hams and half dozen midlings of bacon.

Ship Passport written in Dutch and English, signed by George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, from the schooner Elizabeth, dated July 14, 1794.

Frequent rains, not too heavy or too long, will be the making of the corn and buck wheat--directions for plowing wet fields--examine the shocks of wheat frequently--inquires of the quantity and quality of oats--timothy--clover--give John the gardener a dollar on the last day of every month, provided he behaves well--is glad to hear that Pearce's daughter is feeling better--wants to know why Betty Davis and Doll are more than half their time on the sick list--care of grass seeds--little garden by the salt house--Crow, McKoy and Butler.

Cultivation in corn of the lots in the Mill swamp--corn is not so much an object with Washington as meadow--rushes, alders and other shrubs--inquires of the corn (grown, shoot well and look promising)--particular care taken with the seed of rare ripe corn Washington sent home--Butler--grass seed sown with flax at Union farm--Mr. McNeil (Oneill)--quarry--use of the young mules by the overseers and plowmen--inquiries for particular concerning Ruth, Hannah and Pegg--their being sick several weeks together.

Account ledger with Bank of Alexandria (record of deposits and drafts) - holograph - 10 leaves - one page tipped in at end of ledger. This statement, dated March 20, 1821, concerns two of Washington's drafts to Samuel Washington in 1797 and 1799 for $ 1,000.00. Docketed on verso of final leaf: "Stuart's Exers on Washington etc. Filed with Depon of Jas. K. McKenna 16 May 1821."

George Washington has moved to German Town to escape the heat of Philadephia--has not rained at Mt. Vernon for a while--fearful that drought would damage corn--put off sowing wheat until corn fields are clean, light and in good order--preparing no more land for a crop than one can handle--whatever is attempted should be well executed as it respects crops--an essential object with every farmer ought to be the destruction of weeds--his arable and pasture ground should produce nothing but grain, pulse (if he raises them), vegetables of different sorts and grasses--timothy--inquiries about the clover which was sown with the oats at Mansion house--potatoes--Crow has been applying to Col. Ball for a place--McKoy--encourages Pearce to make an agreement with whomsoever will answer his purposes--should be industrious, sober and knowing in the management of Negroes and other concerns of the farm--someone to take the place of Thomas Green to oversee the carpenters--James, Muclus, Davis--description of this overseer--Butler--received bacon in Philadelphia--buck wheat.

Oats, wheat and clover at River farm--laying ground to clover as soon as possible--flour sold in Alexandria--woolen clothes for the people by the first of November--employment of all who can be spared on the new race at the mill--save time and water--sainfoin--potatoes at the Mansion house--gardener is to save as much seed as he can from the everlasting pea--this pea, when cut young, should make an excellent hay-drilled wheat.

Favorable appearance of the corn--ground is in good order for wheat--buck wheat--hemp growing in the vineyard--inquires to the appearance of the potatoes--Kate (wife of Will) at Muddy Hole wishes to serve the Negro women (as a granny) on the estate--pay of 12 to 15 pounds per year--in the George Town Gazette it is written that holders of shares in the Potomac Company (treasurer William Hartshorn) are to give 12 pounds sterling per share--Washington holds 5 shares--Col. Lyles Bond--Crow and McKoy--comments on replacing them--Green--Butler--rare ripe corn.

Workers for the new mill race--comments on the newly hired overseer--Mason--Pine going to school in Alexandria--may fall into bad habits or company there--Mr. Butler--incompetent in his present position--inquires if Groves is married or single--asks about the turnips--inquires after Pearce's youngest and eldest daughters.

Washington asks Lewis to send money from rents to payment of William Pearce in Alexandria, also rental accounts--rents may be applied to purchasing leases, but 10% won't be derived from money advanced--discusses terms of real estate transactions--transfer of leases illegal under Mr. Muse--pleased with Lewis's disposal of Bath and Winchester houses and lots and land on Potomac River, but wishes Lewis had sent the conditions under which they had been let--sends his love, and Martha's, to Mrs. Lewis.

Col. Lyles bond--gives instructions on writing responses to his inquiries--drilled wheat and barley--the culture of the latter is more profitable than the former--directions for dealing with the ague and fever--Mr. Gunnel--Col. Simms of Alexandria--people have taken liberties with Washington's timber and wood during his absence--Mr. Pierce Bailey--selling a tract of land for 1500 pounds--discusses payment--Mr. Gill of Alexandria--Washington agrees to putting a still at Mt. Vernon--Pearce should contact Mr. Stuart if he has questions--young Boatswain.

Deals with the estate of Mrs. Margaret Green Savage, and of her husband Dr. William Savage--Washington relates outline of case still under litigation, but refers Trenor to Rev. Mr. Bryan Fairfax as the one who has best knowledge of case and is still active in it as trustee--tells Trenor "I have no more right to intermeddle in the Judicial proceedings of the Courts in this Country than you have."

Mr. Pyne wishes to be employed at Mt. Vernon--Washington leaves the issues in Pearce's hands--has enclosed a certificate for Mr. Butler--discusses his dismissal--directions for removing the Negro quarters at Union and River farms--warns Pearce not to wait too long.

Returns [unnamed] pamphlets herewith--thanks for perusal of them.

Col. Lyle's bond is discussed--Washington approves of Pearce's sowing early (or distilled) wheat at different seasons to discover the best for it--double headed wheat at Union farm--heavy rains--problems as a result of it--drains in all the fields that need it--Pearce has the ague and fever--young Boatswain--Washington warns that yellow fever may possibly be in Baltimore.

Washington left German Town yesterday and arrived in Philadelphia--Thomas Green has quit of his own accord--Old Bishop should be taken care of--a decision about employing Pyne should be made without much more delay--McKoy--asks about the appearance of the stone quarry--possible replacement for Green--Washington hopes to get to Mt. Vernon before Nov.--may not be possible because of rebellion in the West (Whiskey Rebellion)--Mrs. Fanny Washington requests boards for a corn house--Mrs. Washington requests some artichoke seeds.

Washington mentions a new road and that Pearce is to oversee it--has engaged a Scotchman to replace Green--he is to have Green's house, garden, etc.--James Donaldson and his family will embark for Mt. Vernon on the ship Capt. Mitchell--other directions and requests in regard to the new carpenter--Pyne--is sorry to hear of Butler's illness--GW leaves Tuesday for Carlisle--still hopes to be at Mt. Vernon before Congress meets.

Washington is glad to find that seeding of wheat is over--problems with the new road spoken of in last letter--Mr. Thompson Mason--advantages of new road for him--gives reasons for the construction of the new road--Crow--unproductivity of the ferries--questions if he will receive any advantage from the new public road.

Memorandum detailing a work contract with Mount Vernon carpenter James Donaldson, including his allowances for food, moving expenses, use of tools, use of a house, garden, and cow, and the privilege of the occasional absence, in exchange for his work. Donaldson was a white overseer of the slave carpenters at Mount Vernon. Washington hired him for his "sober and industrious" nature, but soon learned that he was not a competent overseer. Washington repeatedly wrote to his overseer at the time, William Pearce on the subject of Donald's inability to manage slave labor and Donaldson left Mount Vernon by November 1795. Autograph letter signed by Washington and Donaldson, 2 pages.

Washington is 55 miles from Philadelphia on his way to Carlisle--comments that neither he nor Pearce is familiar with the management of buck wheat--on his current travel, Washington sees the crop on the whole road--it is cut down and remains in the field in very small cocks--presumes they will stay that way until the seed gets perfectly ripe--the potatoes too were every where digging.

Washington informs Pearce that he will not be at Mt. Vernon until spring--tells Pearce not to delay his trip to the Eastern Shore--disperse the stock which may be endangered by the winter--no more hogs put up for pork than such as are of fit age and size.

Washington returned to Philadelphia on Tuesday last--he expresses confidence in Pearce's care, judgment and integrity--repeats his objectives--regular course of crops; introduce grass where proper; make meadows and hedges; recover exhausted fields; improve stock--large dairies; make hay--these are much more desirable to Washington than to push the best fields out of their regular course in order to increase the next, or any other, year's crop of grains--which would eventually ruin the fields--expresses sorrow over the loss of Pearce's daughter--also, Paris and Jupiter have died--Pyne--McKoy--Washington does not expect much (in the way of overseeing the carpenters) from James Donaldson--Col. William Washington of Westmoreland--Washington repeats his observance of Donaldson--Green--housing the new family in the Green hosue--fodder was gotten in good time--corn yield--wants to know quantity of buck wheat--sorry to find that fly found in the wheat demands immediate threshing--wants Pearce to experiment with price of wheat in grain form or flour--cabins and quarters at Union farm.

Potatoes and corn are likely to turn out well--keep enough buck wheat and potatoes for seed--it is miserable for a farmer to be obliged to purchase his seeds--exchanging may be useful--prices for wheat and flour in Alexandria--Sally Green and her distressed circumstances--James Donaldson into the Green house--Pyne was more a talker than [a worker]--fall plowing--cutting up the fallen timber--hogs for sale--culled sheep--Mr. Hawkins left sundry cuttings of valuable grape vines at Mr. Lund Washington's--cultivate corn and rye--conserving trees at the Mansion house--clearing fields at Dogue-run.

Enclosed thirteen hundred dollars--a bond from Mr. Lund Washington--fifty pounds to go to the charity school at the Academy in Alexandria--Washington's annual subscription of ten pounds to the Rev. Mr. Davis--incumbent of the Episcopal Church in Alexandria--Mr. Herbert.

Gives William A. Washington the desired information on seminaries and colleges to which he could send his children--one in "this place" seems to be doing Washington Custis no good at all--British overlooker of carpenters at Mt. Vernon seems unable to handle hands under him; Mr. Pearce might have to replace him--is there any chance of getting man spoken of before for the job?

Letters to Col. William Washington of Westmoreland--the easy and simple manners of Donaldson make him unfit as an overseer of the Negro carpenters--he should, however, instruct Isaac and the boy Jem in the principles of making and repairing all kinds of farming implements--quarters for a new carpenter overseer--Mrs. Fanny Washington--descriptions of people who Washington thinks should be obliged to stay at his Alexandria house--Doctor Craik--which wines to serve his guests--claret, madeira for very extraordinary circumstances--the use of his Mt. Vernon home by curious people--hogs for pork--some bacon for the Mansion--omission of McKoy not to measure his potatoes--Washington wants to compare the crop of corn and the crop of potatoes together--whether it is better to sell wheat as grain or flour--Mr. Minor--Col. Lyles--enclosed money to discharge Washington's bond to Mr. Lund Washington.

Washington discovers that it is more profitable to sell wheat after being ground into flour--Sally Green is cautioned against dealing with Washington's Negroes--grubbing--leaving clumps of trees when clearing--corn will be much better than if growing among single trees--wants the total account of all farms of the corn--wants sheds with brick foundation, at Dogue-run erected for the work horses, oxen, etc.--will send four or five bushels of clover seed.

Problems with the bond to Mr. Lund Washington--Mr. John Mercer--Mr. Randolph--asks not to have any more smith's work done there in the future--wages due soon--prices of flour (super-fine and fine)--crop of fodder has been great--should have a great deal of hay for sale--feeding of Washington's stock--potatoes and turnips--experiment with fattening bullocks--punishing trespassers on Washington's four mile run tract--progress on the new race at the mill--James Donaldson--treatment of visitors--use of wine.

Instructs Lear to look in trunks at Mount Vernon for papers concerning the Potomac Company. Supports pushing forward navigation of river, seeks opinion of English engineer [William] Weston, also may consult [Richard] Claiborne's engineer. Acknowledges the opposition to Potomac Company plans.

Clearing ground for next year--asks if it would be better to have it well grubbed rather than cleaning the ground thoroughly--treatment of other like fields--No. 6 at Muddy hole--corn holes at the Mansion--orchards--directions on fences surrounding corn--clearing of woods--crop rotation--hopes Allison turns out well--possibly who Crow spent much of his time--erecting shed for the cattle by the new barn at Union farm--new sheds at Dogue-run--gathering thorn berries--Oneil quarrying stone at Mt. Vernon.

Total amount of corn crop is 1639 barrels--stock gets 22 barrels per week--14 barrels weekly to the Negroes--totalling 233 barrels more than is made--it is from corn and wheat that Washington expects to pay overseers' wages and everything that needs to be bought--asks about the amount of oats that have been threshed--quantity of potatoes compared with that of corn to determine cultivation for next year--wants to hasten the manufacturing of all wheat due to the price increase--asks about the completion of the mill race--repairing the barn at Muddy hole--before the new barn at River farm is undertaken--brick foundations for the sheds at Dogue-run--is glad to hear so good account of Donaldson--spinning of wool--clean and dirty--allowance of provision for gardener and his wife--Peter--Mr. Lear of George Town--Col. Fitzgerald.

Washington forwards some papers to Lear relative to the Potomac River. He includes a drawing by a Mr. Claiborn describing a new method of lowering and raising boats without locks.

Fencing the ground at the Mansion house for corn--rotations for Dogue-run, Muddy hole and River farms--putting oats and clover in the ground where buck wheat grew this year--leaving two or three clumps of trees when clearing the wood at No. 5 at Dogue-run--for the purpose of shade and ornament--importance of reviewing old letters--carpenters preparing frames, shingles, etc., for putting in more dormant windows in the back of the stables at Mansion house--Washington hopes that with favorable weather the fall plowing is in great forwardness--house Frank and Lucy being idle when not at their specific tasks--cucumber tree--Mrs. Washington sending a present to the gardener's wife--death of Austin--Mrs. Stiles sending his Mare and all his things to Mt. Vernon--shrubs sustaning injury from the deer--preserving the pork--old Butler--honey locust seed--Doll at the ferry--price of flour in Philadelphia still at ten dollars a barrel.

Comments on Pearce's health--hopes that all the oat grounds will be in good order for early seeding--allotment of oats for Washington's horses when he comes to Mt. Vernon--asks about a fallen chimney that injured some Negro children--Doll at the ferry--ableness to work--rotation of crops at Dogue-run--asks about two plows that were sent to Mt. Vernon earlier--asks if they have been used yet.

Fall in prices of wheat and flour--inclosure for corn at the Mansion house--other fences and gates--Washington's plans for the two sheds at Dogue-run--Irish potatoes--will send a bushel and a half of clean honey locust seed--directions for these--French Will--Washington's supposed promised of freedom after seven years of service--Dick at Dogue-run.

Despite probable increase in value of lands because of great immigration, Washington has decided to sell his lands west of Allegheny mountains due to troubles with tenants and collecting rent--he gives Shreve first choice at land in Fayette County [Pa.] on which he now lives--specifies terms--if nothing is decided by the end of February, Washington will feel free to sell land Shreve is on to another.

Washington discusses discrepency with Miller's receipt--price of flour fell before Washington's was made ready for the market--wheat crop over all the U.S. was extremely short--price should rise again before the warm weather--Doctor Stuart--Col. Ball--inquires about the treading floor in the new barn at Dogue-run--a general rule being of leaving either single trees or clumps--gardener is allowed a fifth of what is sold from the nursery--death of Bishop--providing victuals and clothing for Donaldson's son--Donaldson should teach Isaac and the boy Jem in the principles of implements--filling up gullies--French's Will--Washington not too concerned with hunting him up--only as an example--Broad Creek--Bladensburgh--upper Marlborough--procuring seeds for the gardener--St. Foin--Mr. Lear--furze seed--Cale or cole seed--asks if the ferry people will have the field at Mansion house for corn--rotation--Mr. Lund Washington--indebted for fish--Austin.

Washington sends her a copy of Jefferson's "Notes of Virginia" [Notes on the State of Virginia]--cannot find "Dr. Franklin's Strictures on the abuse of the press" among his remaining volumes of the Bee--he hopes to see her at dinner tomorrow.

Cedar making a good hedge--cedar berries--proper season for removing cedar trees--had success when removing them in a deep frost--wants to experiment with keeping hogs in sties from pigs--death of old Betty.

Mrs. Styles--Austin--Washington doubts that the little old field at the ferry could be got in order in time for oats and clover--use it for corn, wheat and clover--agrees with the arrangement of fields Nos. 1, 3, and 6 at Muddy hole--immediate profit is not so much an object with Washington as the restoration of worn out and gullied fields--old clover lot planted with potatoes--manure the bad parts--advertising the horse and jack--can stand at last year's rate's--wheat fields covered with a thin layer of snow--has enclosed garden seeds for Ehler.

Surveying the four mile run--Mr. [Lund] Washington and Mr. Terret--Moses Ball--likely Washington will have more than 100 bushels of oats to spare--had hoped for three to four thousand--hopes the price will be higher than half a crown by the end of April--transplanting young cedars--make hedges--preparing a seed--lucern--use of a heavy harrow with sharp teeth--linnen to cloath the negroes--proper care and attention given to the bacon--Smith--Old Butler--tedious execution of work by the carpenters--Betty.

Washington received Pearson's letter with 1st volume and part of 2nd of Memoirs of Academy of Arts and Sciences -- gives his thanks to members of the Academy.

Washington has spoken to Mr. William Weston, an English engineer, about Weston's visiting the falls of the Potomac. Working "on the Canal, between the Waters of Susquehanna & the Schuylkill [sic]" Weston will be arriving via Baltimore. Washington regrets that it is too late for Weston to arrange to meet Lear at the confluence of the Shenendoah and the Potomac, as Lear had wished.

Washington was afraid the open weather (frost) would have injured the wheat--expenses of the estate covered by wheat--rolling the bad parts of a field--questions Pearce's surveying assessment of a plot--commiting a jack to the Eastern Shore--Mr. Charles Lee--Mr. Pearse Bailey--land property is rising fast in value--the number of emigrants--Col. Washington--oznabrigs--the Trial--Capt. Hand--high price of clover seed--scaley bark hiccory nut--Illinois nut--honey locust seed.

Selling all the fish to one man is best--if Mr. Smith will give five shillings per one thousand for herring and twelve shilling in hundred for shad, Pearce had better enter into a written agreement with him--surveying the boundries--Mr. [Lund] Washington--cedar berries--oznabrigs--flax--Mr. Bayley--price of lands--especially those convenient to the federal city.

Regarding some of Ball's land which he wants to sell to the government to build an arsenal--Col. Pickering thinks the price too high and situation too low down--Washington doesn't want to say anything more to the Secretary of War lest anyone think he is influenced by family connection--has never seen any such act passed by Virginia legislature as Ball mentioned in his letter of 19 December.

Washington expresses feelings of humility at praise of his work in Revolution and in the government--he gives all credit to "the Great ruler of events" and "kind Providence."

Wheat on the ground is in so unpromising a way--inquires to the look of the barley--roller--French's Paul--pains taken to apprehend and bring him to punishment--Dick--Betty Davis--Sarah, possibly a spinner at the Mansion, in childbed--purchase of one thousand yards of German oznabrigs--lucern seed to be had in Alexandria--new overseer at Mansion house--Allison--inquires about the price of flour in Alexandria--both superfine and fine are up again in Philadelphia.

On the Sloop Harmony--Capt. Ellwood--Washington has sent 972 1/2 yards of oznabrigs--Mrs. Fanny Washington---Col. Gilpin--Washington has also included various seeds--some rare and valuable--turnips--chiccory--botany bay grass seeds--requests that the gardener use his utmost skill and care--cabbage--lucern--preparing for its arrival--Sammy is to supply the place of Bristol--Cyrus, a dower slave--the children of Daphne--Mr. Smith--one purchaser for the fish--Mrs. Fanny Washington, Dr. Stuart and Mr. Lund Washington--Gray--India hemp--Pair graffs.

New overseers are turning out well--Grove--Allison--Washington has received twenty pounds of lucern seed--eight pounds of lucern and the like quantity of clover mixed to the acre--grasses ought to be sown on clean and well prepared ground--Betty Davis and Pearce's having difficulty distinguishing between real and feigned sickness--Paul--Mr. Dulany--artichokes.

Mr. Pierce Bailey--land on difficult run--inquiry of the new meadow at Dogue-run--affects of the winter weather on the growing grain, the grass and the fields which are to be sown and planted--Moses at the mill-- Tom and Ben--coopering--Gray--Isaac making ploughs--Donaldson--gardener attending to pease--an English gentleman, named Strickland--red wine and madeira--Mrs. Fanny Washington--porter.

Carter Ben at the River farm, laid up many weeks--potatoe plan experiment--impediments from the weather in sowing oats--winter grain should now show its spring appearance--roller-cutting small grain before it is suffered to get too ripe--honey locust seed--advertising of Paul.

Washington does not expect to be at Mt. Vernon by Sunday--the roads through Maryland are impassible and business in the federal city has detained him--injured parts of meadow should be resown--if that, or the other meadows, were once well taken with timothy, floods would not wash of[f] the soil.

"Calculation of the number of Bricks wanting for the Barn at River Farm" --Bricks for barn at River Farm. Sketch is for barn at Dogue Run Farm. -total number of bricks for each section of the new barn--sketch of barn placement and surrounding grounds.

Grain and grass have benefitted by the late rains--flour in the mill is to be inspected--poor prices.

Wheat and grass continue to mend--warm weather and rain--also brought on oats--disposing of flour--midlings and ship stuff--Davenport--mill account for last year--the boy at the mill to go to the garden at Mansion house--two deaths in the family--one of them a young fellow--McKoy--Green--Davis--fence at Dogue-run to enclose the barn--the number of bricks required for the barn in the Neck (River farm).

Washington has enclosed sketches of the barn to be built at River farm--2 inch planks of white oak for the threshing floor--1 inch and a quarter pine plank for the lower floor of the graineries--other directions for construction--Mr. Stuart and the making of bricks--asks of the character of the carpenter who built Mrs. Peak's barn--honey locust plants--speaks of a book which contains information on these--Pekan or Illinois nut-plants sent by a gentleman from Jamaica--Doctor Craik--Cooper Jack.

Crops in need of rain--plenty of rain in Philadelphia--need for bread in Europe will raise wheat prices--wants to plant a good many potatoes--buck wheat--white homony bean is very productive--corn--cutting the forward wheat in good season--Dr. Stuart-transplanting the honey locust--speaks of a disorder in the horses.

Washington encloses an advertisement which he plans to put in various gazettes and newspapers -- he confides in secrecy his plan to rent his farms & the dower slaves -- he may even interest associations in England or Scotland in farms through advertisements in gazettes -- the intermarriage of dower negroes with others and those on neighboring farms will cause affecting & trying consequences, so Washington cautions Stuart to make no mention of the plan for the present -- he doesn't care to rent farms to "our country farmers" because they wear out the land and little else -- he wants Stuart ask in confidence British merchants in Alexandria and Dumfries about the scheme -- Washington mentions Eliza ("Betsy") Custis's marriage and gives his evaluation of the groom, Mr. Thomas Law -- thinking of G.W.P. Custiss interests, Washington asks Stuart whether there might have been an erroneous division of negroes for Mr. Thomas Peter for his wife's (Martha Custis's) share.

Details on the shingles--additional directions for the barn--removal of all the cabins at River and Union farms--wants to punish the thief who robbed the meat house at Mt. Vernon--Nathan suspected of this sort formerly--Postilion Joe has been caught in similar practices--Sam would not be restrained if he saw an opening to do the like.

Washington hopes that it rained at Mt. Vernon--insect--distemper among horses--selling hay in Alexandria--Mr. Halley--reducing a lot in Alexandria for an allay--enclosed a newspaper containing some ideas on the culture of potatoes--making them into bread--James Butler--the Academy in Alexandria--Rev. Mr. Muir.

Autograph letter signed from George Washington to Tobias Lear, personal secretary of George Washington, regarding the purchase of bank shares on his behalf. Addressed on verso in holograph with intact seal and docket in Tobias Lear's writing.

Speaks of rains which brought disasters--young mule killed--shells gathered for lime--filling between the logs of the cabins with clay--wheat--the scab--the rust--gullies at the Mansion house.

Washington plans to come to Mt. Vernon about the middle of the month--dormant windows on each side of the pediment--front side of the stable--Donaldson--grain and hay--Davy's lost lambs--very suspicious appearance--he has some sly, cunning and roguish negroes under him--asks how Ben at the mill is employed--Ruth and Ben at the River farm--both Pearce and Groves are ill.

Washington asks Lewis whether he has purchased any of the Berckley or Frederick leases--is he going to?--directs him to send money collected and names of persons as "I am in want, and have only deprived myself of the use of it from the hope of its laying the foundation of a batter annuity; which my heavy expenditures very much need." "Unless business should require my attendance at the Seat of government sooner it is probable I shall remain at this place until the end of September-".

Discusses second wheat field at Davy's field on Dogue-run farm--directions for plowing-destruction by storms in GW's locale-chance for wheat next year in Davy's field is hurt by corn-plowing green buck wheat, then sowing wheat thereon immediately, for an experiment-collect money due for flour sold.

Saving sufficient clover seed--sowing wheat as soon as ground is in order--requests the length and breadth of the two pavements between the steps of the middle door and those of the end doors of the Mansion house.

Frequent and hard rains--effect on the forward corn--all the wheats and oats are in--Washington wishes the hay was in also--Donaldson is leaving--requests that Pearce hire the carpenter recommended by Col. William Washington (Washington's nephew)--John Neale can have Donaldson's house and garden.

Plowing Davy's field at Dogue-run--clover being well turned in by good plows and good plowmen--same with the buck wheat--taking the worker force and applying it to another farm that is ready for plowing--barley--Washington asks about the wheat which has already been threshed--asks Pearce to send two bushels of the early wheat to him--Mr. Kitt--900 bushels of oats for sale--Pearce has sold 300--overseers for Union and Dogue-run farms.

Miss Betsy Custis--an enclosed letter for her--a cover letter.

Sowing wheat in ground that is not ready for its reception--sowing the lot by the spring, where potatoes are growing, with lucern--abuse of plows--checked by the overseers--constant repair by Isaac--character of Mr. Neale.

Pearce has recommenced seeding--more favorable weather--all the wheat, sowed by the middle of the month, should be in the ground in good season--Washington fears that Davy's field, at Dogue-run, was too wet to sow--such land as [his], when plowed wet, always bakes hard--expects to set out in two or three days for Mt. Vernon.

Washington asks Page's advice on what should be done about renting or selling land and in working with the writer of a letter Washington encloses--desires to sell share in Dismal Swamp--it is more expensive than productive. This draft written in the hand of secretary Bartholomew Dandridge, with additions by Washington.

Postilion Joe--Washington does not expect to reach Philadelphia before Tuesday afternoon--wheat would be a heavy loss should the weavil get into it--let no time be lost in getting it out of the straw and ground up as fast as the mill is able to do it--take the corn out of the field as soon as it can be safely done--gathering white thorn berries--the sooner the potatoes are up and secured the better--trimming the Lombardy Poplar and the Yellow Willow.

Pearce had been sick, but has since recovered--fly is found in the wheat--expresses disappointment with the Englishman overseer--a certificate for Donaldson--hedging--Washington suspects that Pearce can have no dependence on the berry of the white thorn from his friend in Newcastle--after viewing the hedges from Christiana to Wilmington, Washington does not believe that a gallon of seed could be gathered--pamphlet on the subject of manures--death of the trusty old negro Jack--replacing him--Allison.

Washington wants to enclose all his crops with live fences--asks that Pearce attend to them with as much care as a field of Indian corn--wants to tend less ground--manure and cultivate the smaller quantity higher--English thorn--honey locust--cedar hedge--directions on hedging--Lombardy poplar--Capt. Ellwood--Mr. Hartshorn or Col. Gilpins--has sent 28 1/2 pounds of chiccory seed--directions for sowing--enclosed a small sketch showing the course of a new road--asks Pearce to urge the miller to grind the wheat as fast as he can--inquires about the look of the growing crops and if an overseer for Union farm has been acquired.

Sickness among the negroes--diminishing prospect of a good crop of corn--breaking up the fields for the ensuing crop--preparing the shelters--for the horses at River farm--asks about Neale--list of work for the carpenters--Isaac and Joe--enclosed copy of the invoices of the oznabrigs and blankets--seine twine--payment of Pearce and the overseers--Peter.

Washington says he knows nothing further on subject of extract on other side [which is not on our copy]--asks Morris to let him know what answer to give Commissioners of Federal City--"Their credit I know has been stretched to its utmost limits in order to keep the wheels moving even in the slow & unprofitable manner in which they have turned."

Materials for hedging--cedar berries--explains his opinion of tilling less land and increasing the quality of the crops--manure--growing grain looks well--hogs put up for porke.

The sickness at Mt. Vernon is abating-tells Pearce to encourage Cyrus to persevere-he is to use money from last year's flour and corn to pay any debts-good price for wheat in Philadelphia-seine twine-Peter choosing two more mules.

Washington fears Pearce is unwell--price of flour is good--Washington can buy twine in Philadelphia, but no vessel is bound for the Potomack before the river closes--gives some suggestions (including hiring the landing out) should Pearce not be able to get twine from Alexandria in time.

Washington introduces Capt. Myers to Lear--wants to know if Myers will be employed as engineer and superintendent for lock navigation by the Directors of the Potomac Company--Lear can determine whether his testimonials as architect and knowledge of locks, etc. is sufficient.

Memorandum in the hand of George Washington with dimensions of architecdtural details in and around the house -- piazza at west door: brick pavement between the tiles 5 feet 3 inches by 9 feet 6 inches; tiles are 12" square; stone margin around them of 6" on outer edge, 9" on inner next the house. --gives measurements of windows in the new room; the Venetian window is given in exact detail; the two smaller (or end windows); the dimensions of the chimney in the new room in detail.

The Mount Vernon farm manager, William Pearce, sends President Washington a memorandum listing some of the room dimensions in the Mansion. Specifically, he includes "The hight of the Rooms up staires & garrett; the blue room; room over the small dining room; the room the Marques Delafiat [Marquis de Lafayette] Lodged In; the Yellow room; garret rooms; garden gate; gate front of lawn; kitching [kitchen] garden gate; cellar windows." Docketed "Dimentions [Dimensions] of the Rooms upstairs and the Gates and the cellar windows". A second memorandum, possibly in the hand of Tobias Lear. Notes include - of the two sides; That side which fronts the grotto 31' long, distance between corners and window; length of window; hgt of window; the chimney side, height of door, width of wall between door and chimney, sides of chimneys, height of mantle piece; ends 23 ft. wide, doors & windows; list of dimensions. Third document included shows height of Mr. W.'s room, size of windows, upper windows west side of M[ansion] house, size of New Room chimney, the windows on west side of cellar. Autograph document, 2 page, in hand of William Pearce (?) docketed "The Sizes of the windows & C."

Partially printed invitation from President of the United States to dine at 4 pm.

Pearce has met with a supply of twine in Alexandria--Washington is not disposed to sell his flour for anything less than it sells in Philadelphia--Davenport should hasten the grinding--suspects that his letter to Pearce must have been opened before it reached Mt. Vernon--by persons looking for bank and post notes.

Davenport is ill--decline in price of flour--price of fish--fallen timbers to the Waggoners--honey locust--inquires of the standing of the winter grain--grubbing--new road--Allison--salary to Mr. Davis--Mr. Herbert--new race at the mill.

Speaks of a certain letter that accompanies two parcels of rice--gives all the information respecting their cultivation--reminds Pearce to document the time and place of the rice being put into the ground.

Sickness is prevelant among the people--inquires if the grain has been covered with snow--death of Davenport--search for a replacement--Ben at the mill is sick also--salary for Mr. Davis--Mr. Herbert.

Pearce has listed Dower Negroes for Washington--asks for a list of all the remaining negroes on the estate--if a replacement for the miller cannot be had, the mill can be rented on advantages terms--hopes to determine the whole amount of last year's wheat--price--repairing the Mansion house--Washington will have Venetian blinds made--Dr. Stuart--Peter--Pearce is to aid Mrs. Davenport should she decide to move to Norfolk--mentions advertisement for determining the possibility of renting the farms.

Washington encloses an advertisement which he plans to put in various gazettes and newspapers--he confides in secrecy his plan to rent his farms and the dower slaves--he may even interest associations in England or Scotland in farms through advertisements in gazettes--the intermarriage of dower negroes with others and those on neighboring farms will cause affecting and trying consequences, so Washington cautions Stuart to make no mention of the plan for the present--he doesn't care to rent farms to "our country farmers" because they wear out the land and little else--he wants Stuart to ask in confidence British merchants in Alexandria and Dumfries about the scheme--Washington mentions Eliza ("Betsy") Custis's marriage and gives his evaluation of the groom, Mr. Thomas Law--thinking of G.W.P. Custis's interests, Washington asks Stuart whether there might have been an erroneous division of negroes for Mr. Thomas Peter for his wife's (Martha Custis's) share .

On February 10, 1796, upon learning of his eldest step-granddaughter's engagement to Thomas Law, George Washington writes this letter of congratulations to him. Washington's fatherly interest in the betrothal of Eliza "Betsey" Parke Custis is apparent. He expresses surprise, gives his blessing, and invites the couple to visit Philadelphia after the ceremony. Thomas Law earned his fortune in India and met Washington's step-granddaughter shortly after his arrival in America. The couple was married the following month, on March 21, 1796.

Washington is under no apprehension of falling price of flour--wishes to rent the mill after the current crop of wheat is manufactured--250 dollars is not sufficient rent--Mr. Digges--Col. Fitzgerald--tenants near Mrs. French's must pay more than 20/. rent for every acre of tillable land--printer in Alexandria does not have enough types for the advertisement--repairs to the north end of the Mansion--Caesar has been absent six days--renting the farms--Pearce is entertaining doubts of remaining another year.

Washington has sent by Capt. Hand, a cask of clove seed and a small box of Apple graffs--apples are of a most extraordinary size--purchasing shares in the Bank of Alexandria.

Scarcity of corn and its high price--new ground at Mansion house--trimming the trees--price of flour and calculations when to sell--renting the mill--100 pounds per year would fall far short--Mrs. French--frost and the look of the winter grain--Allison--Col. Ball--Mr. Robert Lewis--sending out the jacks--Thomas Allison--winter has been open and mild-selling hay.

President Washington presents a small color minature bust portrait of himself by the Marchioness de Brehan, with his compliments, to Anne Willing Bingham, the wife of Senator William Bingham. "Not for the representation.--Not for the value;-- but as the production of a fair hand the offering is made and the acceptan[ce] of it is requested.--".

Letter regarding plantation management.

On the Commerce, Washington will send eight bushels of field pea, chiccory and eight bushels of winter vetch--directions for the cultivation--wind blowing down trees--selling the flour--Mr. Minor has recommended a Mr. Darnes as a tenant--Mr. Gill and renting the mill--inquires of the dimensions and details on the chimney in the new room at the Mansion.

Informs Pearce of Sarah Green's distress--if she is in real distress, Pearce should afford her some relief--do not send her money--Washington suspects she may be rigging herself rather than obtaining necessaries for her family--if she cannot support her children, she should bind them to good masters and mistresses who will teach them a trade.

Mr. Lear--price of Pease (flour) due to European accounts--Mr. Smith--tells Pearce to sell all wheat including midlings and ship stuff--high winds destroying the fences--renting jacks--Peter--Mr. Lewis--hopes the gardener tried the apples graffs--bad season at the fishery.

Washington to his nephew, Robert Lewis regarding his method of collecting rents. He also mentions that he tries to avoid litigation, when speaking of a land dispute between neighbors Ariss and McCormick and himself. He ends with a note about his "Jack" or donkey, explaining it was too late to send out for breeding this season.

Maria and Charles Washington are unwell--Dr. Craik--since the wheat crop was so bad, it would be unlucky to have also missed the best market for flour--asks Pearce to inquire to Mr. Christie of the character of Mr. Joseph Gallop and his brothers--renting River farm--repairs to the Mansion--Mr. Robert Lewis.

Washington writes his condolences on the death of Bassett's sister, Fanny Bassett Washington Lear--Tobias Lear recently met in Philadelphia with Washington--they discussed, and now Washington writes about, disposition of the children [of Fanny B. Washington and G.A. Washington]--Washington always intended to take Fayette under his care but now decided it better to keep Fanny's children together--final decision to be postponed "until I bid adieu to public life"--children are all now at Mount Vernon. [Tobias Lear's wife, Fanny Bassett Washington Lear, has died, leaving 3 children by her 1st husband G.A. Washington. These were Anna Maria, George Fayette and Charles Augustine Washington. Lear himself had one son, Benjamin Lincoln Lear by his first wife.]

Drought continues--the prospect for good crops of small grains is unpromising--Washington wishes the loss in grain may be made up in fishing--fall in the price of flour--Mr. Robert Lewis--Mr. Hughes--Joseph Gallop--renting River farm--inquires of the prospect of fruit--lucern seed--chiccory and clover--Maria and Charles have got well again.

Washington sends invoice and bill of lading "for the long expected Seeds (which by the bye have cost me at least four times as much as I expected)." Requests Lear to forward the seeds to his Mount Vernon manager William Pearce, "the season for sowing the Peas and succory being already far advanced."

Between April and May of 1796, George Washington exchanged letters with Virginia statesman Edward Carrington about the context and expectations set forth by the Constitution. After much political debate, the Jay treaty had been approved by the Senate, but the House of Representatives was withholding funding. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were setting the stage for the next presidential election and it was a time of intense discussions about politics and the public good.

Understanding that these discussions were an important step in the relationship between the government and the citizens, Washington wrote to Carrington explaining his perspective on these issues: "Whatever my own opinion may be on this, or any other subject, interesting to the Community at large, it always has been, and will continue to be, my earnest desire to learn, and to comply, as far as is consistent, with the public sentiment; but it is on great occasions only, and after time has been given for cool and deliberate reflection, that the real voice of the people can be known."

Washington reflected on the fact that the current debates were not about the Treaty itself, but whether or not there should be a treaty. He wrote a similar letter to Maryland statesman, Charles Carroll on the same day.

Washington will give the application of Mr. Thomas Freeman the same impartial consideration as other applicants for job of surveyor of western boundaries under new treaties--he mentions the election of Mr. Thomas Sprigg as representative from Maryland--Washington makes a lengthy discussion of opposition in House of Representatives to the Jay Treaty--he opines that the country must stay out of European wars in order first to build up its strength and become a 1st rate power.

Drought still continues--has had good rain in Philadelphia--grain and grass in [those] parts look well--Pearce is near the completion of corn--planting--sowing peas and chiccory--winter vetch carefully preserved until Autumn--depreciation of flour price--result of House of Representatives--Mr. Robert Lewis--Messers Bennett and Watts--Washington has sent two dozen Windsor chairs for the new room.

Rain has fallen, but cold and drying winds have reduced its effect--frosts injuring the fruit--clover seed perished as a result of the drought--need for the crop and high price of seed--constructing a lane at Dogue-run next to the overseer's house--receipts for fish--an account kept of the times the Coach Mares go the jacks.

Washington is glad to hear that Pearce has sold all the flour--more rain in Philadelphia than at Mt. Vernon--getting supplied with good rams--Mr. Gough--Mr. Darnes--Davis raising the walls of the barn at River farm--repairing the house in the upper garden, called the School house--Paschal is reported sick six days in the week.

Weather has been seasonable of late, however, the grain and grass have received--transplanting cedar--damage of the family piece of Marquis de la Fayette, sustained as a result of the sun--Peter--the well house from the Mansion has been carried to Union farm.

Interest in the progress toward creating the new Federal City. Refers to the duties of 3 commissioners who were appointed by the Continental Congress--Thomas Johnson, Daniel Carroll and David Stewart.

A pipe of wine and a box of tea sent from Philadelphia--Windsor chairs--Mr. Aimes traveling to the federal city--Mr. Lear will show him the way to Mt. Vernon--inquires of Maria and the two boys--early wheat and other small grains, peas and grasses--India hemp--expects to have many respectable visitors during his stay at Mt. Vernon, and hopes to find everything in good order.

It is not likely that Washington will be at Mt. Vernon before the 20th--everything about the houses should be got in clean and nice order--Neal--Caroline--cleaning servants quarters--abundant supply of meat--inquires of the venetian blinds and the dormant windows in the stables--insists that Pearce mention these and the like in his reports--keep a sufficiency of oats for Washington's horses and those of his visitors--keep the grain and hay harvests from interfering with each other--Miss Nelly Custis.

Copy in Washington's hand - Bond Matthew Ritchie to George Washington 1st June 1796 For payment of $8,820 with interest by Installments - viz. 3469.20 1st June 1797 3292.80. 1 June 1798 and 3116.40. 1 June 1799. The original, of which this is a copy, was on the 22d. of January 1798 enclosed to the Honble. James Ross of Pittsburgh, to be deposited in the Bank of Pennsylvania for Collection agreeably to the tenor thereof - (Signed) G. Washington".

Bond to pay $17,000 if he fails to pay $3469.20 on June 1, [1797], $3292.80 on June 1, 1798, & $3116.40 on June 1, 1799.

Signed by Matthew Ritchie.

Witnessed by James Ross and John Ritchie.

Receipted June 6, 1797 for $3,469.20 by G. Washington.

Washington writes that since Anderson didn't answer many of his queries, nothing can be decided about his employment until Washington can see him, which will be at Mt. Vernon at end of month--Washington expected him to speak with candor about his qualifications, although he is "sensible it is not a pleasant thing for any man to speak of himself"--as Washington will reside on the estate from now on, much work will be taken off superintendant's shoulders--Washington describes the writing of the weekly farm reports, etc. that should take only a few hours each week--he sees no need for assistant--Fredericksburg mails made up every Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday evening.

Weather has been extremely wet--seeding must have gone slowly--Washington Custis writes that Mr. Stuart was very ill of a fever--Scoon--Violet--Cash--weavil is very much in Stuart's wheat.

Washington wishes that the wheat be sown as soon as possible--Mr. Lewis--sowing the winter vetch in proper season--rape seed--inquires if Pearce received any benefit from Dr. Perkin's metallic application--search for new overseers.

Re: Impending trip to Philadelphia. Requests house be ready, especially painting done. George and Martha have been ill with colds. Mrs. Stuart was very ill, now better.

Cyrus--Mr. Frestal and Mr. Lafayette--Mrs. Washington--some butter left in the cellar and some beef in a tub--James--Pearce is to clean out Washington's study and get their baggage and James on the first vessel bound for Philadelphia--Pearce's family is moving to the Mansion house--Dinah--Mr. Blagden to examine the quarry--mules for Washington's carriage.

James Wilkes--Mr. Law--Mr. Alexander Smith is not able to take up his note--Pearce is to make arrangements for Smith's repaying, including interest from the time the note comes due--security of payment--Richmond made an example for the robbery he committed--severe drought--difficulty with wheat--quarters at River and Muddy-hole farms--venetian blinds--dimensions of the window frames.

Forwarded William A. Washington's letters to Mr. Philips of Andover and sends him the answers--received in years past from Sir Isaac Heard, Garter and principal king at arms, the (Washington) armorial--George Washington at the time sent him his best knowledge of Washington progenitors since their arrival in America--gave all information he possessed on subject, but knows nothing of Lawrence Washington's descendants--asks William A. Washington to give any help he can, from old papers he might have and inscriptions on tombs at old family vault at Bridge-Creek, part William's estate--"Although I have not the least solicitude to trace our Ancestry, yet as this Gentleman (Heard) appears to interest himself in the research common civility requires that he should obtain the aids he asks ...". Includes letterpress copy

Drought continues--Egyptian wheat--causey--new road--Davy and Mr. [James] Anderson--scarcity of oznabrigs in Alexandria--paints and oils--Mr. Lear--Mr. Alexander Smith--Pearce is to measure Mrs. Washington's Bed Chamber--dimensions of the chimney in the new dining room--Peter--wants the size of the blue room.

Regarding Maria Washington, Lear's step-daughter. Washington asks Lear to set a date with Mr. Van Vleck, principal of a school for young ladies in Bethlehem, Penn., for Maria's arrival at the school. Wn. proposes that "... if we were to reduce our cultivation [of wheat] ... to half the present quantity, and manure and till that half well ... our profits would be greater while the other half would be improving."

Mr. Lear-Mr. Smith's debt is to stand upon the security Pearce has placed it-inquires of the look of the winter grain and vetches--the yield of the wheat and corn-Pearce has recovered eleven dollars of James Kirk's money.

Washington writes that he received no letter from Pearce which leads him to conclude that something more than common has happened--on board of Capt. Ellwood are oil, paint and oznabrigs--directions for distributing and cutting oznabrigs--dependence of the gardener's wife and Allison's wife-planting shrubs--Mr. Anderson--Washington expresses his wishes to have an icehouse prepared when ice forms--hopes Frank has taken care of the tarriers [terriers]--female in heat.

Wheat is beginning to heat--floor of the barn at Dogue-run has already given way--Pearce must kill and salt the pork before he leaves--also, tend to the ice house--Mr. Anderson--trimming trees--Mr. Smith--Gray the weaver--hopes the shelters for the cattle are up--Mr. Craik--Clark, an overseer prospect--Washington will send a certificate of his satisfaction in Pearce's services as a manager.

Lack of rain--Mr. Alexander Smith--Mr. Lear--the ground, where ivy and wild honey suckle are to be planted, is not to be plowed beforehand--Frank, Hercules, and Cyrus--Allison--Washington is displeased with his conduct--would like the new road completed before spring--Mr. Neal continues indisposed and the carpenters do nothing--Sall, Mima and Dick are regularly returned sick--Mr. Anderson expects to arrive by the 27th--clover grass seeds.

Pearce's conduct during his three years has given Washington entire satisfaction--reluctantly parts with him, on account of a rheumatic affection--knowledge in farming and mode of managing [GW's] business--Washington has great confidence in Pearce's honesty, sobriety, industry and skill.

Washington acknowledges the General Assembly's vote of thanks--he declares that his "highest ambition has been, by faithfully and zealously serving my country to the utmost of my abilities, in all the public employments of my life, to merit the approbation of my fellow citizens."--he now looks forward to his return to "private occupation in the shades of rural retirement."

Washington writes a long letter to his new manager--he has received Anderson's letter and reports--intends separating old and new cattle, etc.--approves killing old bulls--"... it has always been my custom to supply [my table] with the best [meat]"--permission to purchase hogs and cattle--distillery, "the place for, and means of conducting it, is left entirely to yourself"--cutting down trees in front of house--"I never expected that that ground [in front of house] would give corn in proportion to the labour I meant to bestow on it--the primary objects of the cultivation are to cleanse it thoroughly of the undergrowth, and to lay it down (as mentioned in my Memorandums) to grass for Pasture, or pleasure grounds, and in order that it may be well worked and prepared for these ..."--don't finish new road at sacrifice of crops--mill race--wants ditch and fence along this road from Mansion House enclosure to Muddy Hole to be woodland pasture for brood mares--barn floor at Dogue Run--new mill race will avoid high land, which caused leak--boats and seines to be put in order for fishing season--iron for wheel bands--raising turnips, especially Swedish--potatoes--rotation of crops--potatoes planted between corn rows--evaluation of Mr. Pearce's work--filling ice house--fear of fire at Mount Vernon, "there is nothing that fills my mind with more apprehension when I am from home"--encloses grape seeds and eggs of silkworm to give gardener--Mrs. Washington requests to pay particular attention to the [Bacon (?)].

Concerning a troublesome set of false teeth that Washington was returning for repair.

Washington writes detailed instructions about the management of his farms--he has received Anderson's reports and inventory--approves placement of distillery at mill as temporary measure--discusses a new road--the dry well in cellar at north end of house to be filled with ice, leaving it open--it melted before, because it was not done correctly--pork is kept there now--he sends new red clover seed discovered by farmer in Jerseys, also potato seeds--Washington will write Landon Carter about sending peas--Anderson should exercise his own judgment on cutting back thorn hedges to thicken them--Washington mentions that Anderson's inventory indicates the loss of a large boat, which would be the second of his fishing boats to have gone missing--he notes in the Alexandria store accounts the great number of spades, etc., carpenters tools, charged to him, and he fears embezzlement--things are to be bought from merchants only on written order from Anderson, as was done in the past--ends by asking Anderson how the grain and vetch are doing.

Washington writes his thanks for Carter's answers to queries--he will respond when he is not so "occupied with the duties of my public station"--he asks Carter to let manager, James Anderson, know whether he can get 30 bushels of peas from him, as soon as possible, because Washington always likes to have his seed on hand before he begins to prepare the ground--Washington will pay Carter as soon as delivered.

Washington sells his presidential horses to Elizabeth Powel.

Washington acknowledges receipt of Andersons reports & letter -- Andersons opinion of the overseers is no doubt correct, and "if the Negroes will not do their duty by fair means, they must be compelled to do it" -- despite Washingtons policy of feeding, clothing, and caring for the slaves, they will try to shirk their work with feigned sickness especially after night walking, and must be examined promptly when claiming sickness.

Washington writes to ask Carter to inform James Anderson when peas will be delivered--he affirms Anderson's suggestion that Carter send the order by wagon to the Potomac where Washington's boat can carry it to Mount Vernon--the roads from Stafford Court House to Occoquon are in terrible shape, making this plan the most expedient--Washington will, of course, pay for the use of Carter's wagon--the matter rests between Carter and Anderson.

Washington writes that he had received Anderson's letter with reports--as "the public business presses me" and as he expects to be at Mount Vernon shortly, he tells Anderson to carry on--enclosed is a letter from Landon Carter about peas he is to furnish, but as it is unintelligible to Washington, he also encloses his reply to Carter so Anderson can read about the transportation plans and forward the letter--Washington adds a comment about wheat.

Washington writes that he sends the purchased coach horses to her--he hopes they will be treated well as they have been by him--"as taking formal leave is not among the most pleasant circumstances of one's life" he bids her adieu by letter until they see each other at Mt. Vernon--his remaining time in city will be taken up in packing--Nelly and Mrs. Washington join him in saying farewell.

Washington's receipt to Powel for $1000 paid upon delivery to her of his "Town Coach horses".

Washington responds to Powel's letter teasing him about finding Martha Washington's letters in the writing desk [see letter Elizabeth Powel to George Washington, Mar. 11, 1797]--"But admitting that they had fallen into more inquisitive hands, the correspondence would, I am persuaded, have been found to be more fraught with expressions of friendship, than of enamoured love, and consequently, if the ideas of the possessor of them, with respect to the latter passion, should have been of the Romantic order to have given them the warmth, which was not inherent, they might have been committed to the flames."--he hopes to see Powel in Virginia--gives her names of recommended taverns and inns and distances from Philadelphia to Mt. Vernon--roads in fairly good shape--much repair work to do around Mt. Vernon, "we are like the beginners of a new establishment, having everything in a manner to do."

"Receipt for £200 Virginia Currency, part payment for 400 acres of land in Gloucester County, the land Washington had purchased from Mr. John Dandridge, Aug. 1, 1789; land to be conveyed to George Ball when he pays £300 more in cash and executes a mortgage for two additional payments, totaling £800. Interest 6% per annum. Signed by George Washington. Memorandum: first payment £3 short, signed George Ball. Second payment to be made before April 10, 1798--signed by Washington and Ball. Under date 1805 Nov. 3, George Ball gives permission for sale and transfer of land by George Washington's executors to Burwell Bassett. Witnessed by Wm. Wirt."

George Washington thanks Howard for inquiring of Henry Gough the price of cattle. GW thinks the price of $200 for "a bull calf of nine months old" too high. However, he will ask his manager if "a calf of this Spring" is worth $100, he may consider pursuing it.

List of pictures with their dimensions:Cupid's pastime, Sunrising, Do setting, the Cottage, The Herdsman, Young Herdsmn, the Flight, Evening, Morning, Nymphs Bathg, the Storm, The good Sqr, four Gibralter pictures, Jones and Pearson, Quebec & dervelast, Prospects, four of them, Thunderstorm, Storm with lights, Moonlight, A Storm, Davis's Streights, The Greenland Fishery, Hunting piece, Portrait of Dogs, Foundg Hospital, From a Picture, 2 landscapes. Reverse side contains instructions for white-washing the garret rooms, painting three of them and the cupulo and roof, painting the Piazza outside and inside, above and below.

Washington presents Mrs. Robert Morris with the lustre which hung in the large drawing room in Philadelphia--it came by mistake to Alexandria--he had left the furniture in the two largest rooms of the house they were renting from the Morris family in case President Adams wanted it--parts of it Washington intended to sell, parts to dispose of in other ways--but except for the pictures, he left it all and offered it to Adams for "reduced prices"--Adams declined and it was left for Mr. Lear and Mr. Dandridge to dispose of them--this explains why the lustre was packed up and sent to Alexandria--Washington sends it back unopened and hopes it will be received without injury--he sends his regards to Bishop White [her brother]--Nelly Custis and her brother [G.W.P. Custis] are in the Federal City.

Dated at the top, the list of 11 suits includes: "1 Full Suit of Regimentals;" ditto half; and suits of Spanish cloth; olive colour; dark brown; lighter brown; half mourning; raven grey; black; then under the heading "Velvet - Silk - & Cassimer" 1 full Suit – Velvet, 1 Uncut.

Letter to James McAlpin, tailor in Philadelphia, regarding an order for clothes and a delinquent order for nankeens. Autograph letter signed, 1 page, with integral address panel. Note on panel, 'By Mr. Custis'

Postmarked by hand "Alex 22 May," franked by Washington, excellent black seal with Washington's family seal imprinted, Washington's watermark (incomplete).

Writing to his agent in Philadelphia, Washington asks him to inform John Aitken, Philadelphia cabinetmaker, that no keys came for the secretary (writing desk) and the side table [sideboard].

Washington expresses his opinions on Anderson's "Memorial" to him on proposed plan of work at Mt. Vernon -- agrees substantially with his principles for conducting the different farms & modes of carrying them into effect

Washington expresses his opinions on Anderson's "Memorial" to him on proposed plan of work at Mt. Vernon--agrees substantially with his principles for conducting the different farms and modes of carrying them into effect--some minor modifications may be necessary--overseers don't need to know anything except to obey orders without question--comments on specifics in Anderson's Memorial--grass and oat fields at Mt. Vernon--farm and woodland pastures--"Although there will be little or no cultivation at the Mansion House after the year 1798, yet keeping up the fences - getting fuel and performing other multifarious jobs" make it difficult to predict force necessary to work it--grass at River Farm--Muddy Hole, Dogue Run, Union Farm turned more to meadows--wishes new mill race to be completed because he wishes to keep mill busy through the season by purchasing wheat to grind--approves Anderson's plan of a distillery to make profit, and will put carpenters to it as soon as possible--is not inclined to place Anderson's compensation for running the distillery and other business on footing Anderson suggests [Washington and Anderson to share the profits from distillery] but prefers to pay a standing wage--Washington gives his reasons, and will pay £140 to him and if he establishes the distillery which answers purposes, he will increase the salary in appreciation--will also hire a clerk if necessary--but if River Farm is rented, won't increase his wages at all--no overseer necessary for Mansion House, Will can do the work--Washington doesn't want one overseer overlooking both Union and Dogue Run because he has "always found, however, that Negroes will either idle or slight their work if they are not closely attended to."

Letter from George Washington to James McAlpin, his tailor in Philadelphia, regarding payment for clothing made for George Washington Parke Custis. Washington instructs McAlpin to contact Clement Biddle, his agent in Philadelphia, to receive payment. Washington then addresses the issue of an escaped indentured servant named John Cline, stating, 'it was always my intention to have given him his freedom (as I did by the other servants under similar circumstances) when I retired from Public life had he remained with me'. Autograph letter signed, 1 page, with integral address panel.

Asks if there is anyone Pearce can recommend as an overseer of Union farm--the dairies and fowls being attended by the overseer's wife--Washington hopes Pearce's crops have been good--his are as good as can be expected--hessian fly--inquires to the possibility of purchasing 3 or 4 hundred bushels of rye in Pearce's neighborhood.

Washington extends an invitation to Bushrod and wife. Will send a chariot to Colchester to meet them. Will not expect them for dinner which is at 3 O'Clock. With Mrs. Washington (Martha) he extends his best regards and compliments to Col. Blackburn & family.

Washington writes that Rufus King, the American Minister in London, had the decree of Virginia's High Court of Chancery published in London Gazette for 2 successive months--King sent copies of the paper to Washington, who forwards one to Bushrod and quotes from King's letter about publishing the decree.

Washington commiserates with Lewis over his runaway slave ("the loss of your Servant") -- this will become more frequent -- "I wish from my Soul that the Legislature of this State could see the policy of the gradual abolition of Slavery. It might prevt. much future mischief." -- writes about Lewis coming to make his home at Mt. Vernon -- Lewis will be treated as a member of the family, and not paid -- his duties will be to entertain guests and visitors after the Washington retires to bed or study, & also to record a few papers at times -- Lewis can take advantage of his library ("I have a great many instructive Books, on many subjects, as well as amusing ones") -- he can perhaps also gain some knowledge from observing management of the farms by Anderson.

Discussion of William Pearce's employment at Mount Vernon.

Manuscript Architectural Plan of a room in the garret of Mount Vernon sent from George Washington to Clement Biddle when purchasing a stove for the room.

Notes and measured drawing in Washington's hand, specifying how a stove could be installed in a corner of one of the garret or attic bedrooms at Mount Vernon. Drawn at "a scale of a foot to an inch" Washington remarks that "every part of it may be exactly measured and perfectly understood by any workman." While not dated (but on paper watermarked 1795, and therefore possibly as early as that), the drawing appears to be either a draft or Washington's file copy of a similar plan sent to Clement Biddle on 15 September 1797, cf. RM-1122.

Washington writes to Biddle to note that the picture frames arrived unbroken--asks Biddle to send 4 gilt frames without glass for paintings, giving measurements for these--also gives corrected dimensions for stove ordered earlier--encloses autograph plan of the room for which it is intended [see drawing under same date]--the new quarter's interest on his certificates will pay for these things--asks Biddle to insert enclosed advertisement, and to send the history of the United States by author unknown but "which contains Nos. 5 and 6 alluded to in Col. Hamilton's late pamphlet".

Washington sends this letter to Lafayette by his son--he expresses sympathy for Lafayette's sufferings, and joy at hearing of his release from prison--he explains why G.W. Lafayette did not come to live with him immediately on his arrival in America, the "delicate and responsible situation in which I stood as a public officer"--young Lafayette's conduct has been exemplary--filial affection made him impatient to return to France as soon as he heard of his father's release--Mr. Felix Frestel has been like a father to the boy--Lafayette has never stood higher in the affection of the people of America--Washington writes "I have once more retreated to the shades of my own Vine and Fig tree, where I shall remain with best vows for the prosperity of that country for whose happiness I have toiled many years , to establish its Independence—Constitution—& Laws—and for the good of mankind in general, until the days of my sojournment, which cannot be many, are accomplished."--young George will tell Lafayette of affairs in America and politics.

Washington writes that he will write to Bushrod Washington for papers mentioned in her memorandum--says that "Having had as little to do with Lawyers as any man of my age I pretend not to be a competent judge of" the lawyer Swan's claims--claims not to know much about the case at hand [a suit being brought by heirs of Simon Pearson against George Washington, Triplett and others who purchased land from Pearson in 1763; Washington later selling his portion to Lund Washington to make up part of Hayfield farm where Elizabeth resided] but shares what he knows of the merits, possible expense, and prospects of the matter.

Washington writes to Bushrod about the suit of Thomas Pearson, heir entail to his brother Simon Pearson for lands sold by latter to George Washington, William Triplett, and George Johnson--Washington had later sold his portion to Lund Washington, making it part of the Hayfield farm now occupied by Lund's widow Elizabeth--the suit is founded on some supposed irregularity in last proceedings of the time--Washington asks Bushrod's opinion on certain points of the case.

George Washington's letter to William Stoy references medical treatment requested for Christopher, Washington's body servant, who had been bitten by a dog with rabies. Stoy was a minister of the German Reformed Church in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. He discovered a "cure" for hydrophobia and Stoy's Drops, a popular cure-all medicine. Celebrated for curing person bit by 'Mad animals,' Stoy successfully treats Christopher.

Washington inquires about the character, etc. of a Mrs. Forbes living in Richmond, recommended by John Brooke to be housekeeper at Mt. Vernon--Mrs. Washington "is exceedingly fatigued & distressed for want of a good housekeeper"--mentions the Pearson suit.

Washington writes McCarty a counter-proposal for a possible exchange of lands (5664 acres of McCarty's Sugar Land holdings in Loudoun County, Virginia, for 12,226 acres of Washington's on the Kanawha and Cole Rivers)--Washington makes a new proposition in the unsuccessful negotiation--he insists his lands on the Kanawha will become more valuable soon--a restored peace in Europe would increase immigration to America--Washington wants no legal difficulties resulting from any entail of McCarty's land.

Washington writes that he has received Bushrod's letters and the copy of the deed to William Williams for 589 acres of land, but finds it "singular" that the writ docking entail of land cannot be located in the court records--he sends Bushrod further information from his own files to aid the further search in this matter of the Pearson suit.

Washington agrees to high wages demanded by Mrs. Forbes, because of desperate need of a housekeeper at Mt. Vernon--asks Bushrod to make further enquiries concerning Mrs. Forbes and her habits, listing questions of interest--she will not eat at same table with the family, "for if this was once admitted no line satisfactory to either party, perhaps, could be drawn thereafter"--he wants Bushrod to ask Mrs. Forbes about hiring or buying a good Negro cook. Letterpress copy

Washington agrees to high wages demanded by Mrs. Forbes, because of desperate need of a housekeeper at Mt. Vernon--asks Bushrod to make further enquiries concerning Mrs. Forbes and her habits, listing questions of interest--she will not eat at same table with the family, "for if this was once admitted no line satisfactory to either party, perhaps, could be drawn thereafter"--he wants Bushrod to ask Mrs. Forbes about hiring or buying a good Negro cook--the postscript (which is not in the letterpress copy, but present here) inquires about legal practices that could impinge on the Pearson suit.

A printed bank check, completed in George Washingtons hand, made out to Gideon Worth in the amount of $103 and drawn on the Bank of Alexandria.

Washington writes of the order for the settlement of Colville estate, and Mr. Keith's queries regarding how to publish it--there is no word of Mrs. Forbes--Washington rehashes the correspondence regarding Mrs. Forbes and thinks that the conduct of Robert Brooke "has been very ungenteel" in not answering letters concerning Mrs. Forbes, unless the letters somehow miscarried.

Washington proposing that Mr. Parkinson lease one of his farms and agreeing to allow him to come over from England to see farm.

Washington writes that Law's pointer shall be taken care of at Mt. Vernon until he sends for him--pleasing to hear that Maryland to aid "important objects on this River"; hopes Virginia legislature will too--returns letter from the Marquis Cornwallis and other recent enclosures from Law--"To stand high in the estimation of so respectable a character as Lord Cornwallis is a circumstance which must be as pleasing as it is honourable to you."--the Washingtons are glad to hear Mrs. Law and child are well--"we remain in statu quo"--compliments of season.

Taxes due on Kanhawa County land. Requests General Lee's original deed of conveyance for Kentucky land.

Three page letter written from Mount Vernon that shows Washington's frustration with his adopted grandson.

Washington writes to White to thank him for passing on information about the memorial before Congress and debates concerning the "disgraceful topic" occupying House of Representatives [Representative Matthew Lyon's attack on Rep. Roger Griswold]--he decries party feuds--mentions trouble with France and how he had hoped they would unify Congress--asks White what the general opinion of Col. Monroe's "view of the Conduct of the Executive of the United States" is.

Some accounts have been sent to Washington, left from Pearce's time at Mt. Vernon--Mr. Lear--Messers Fosters and May--in craddling the wheat, Washington wishes to catch it in the hand--inquires of the possibility of obtaining someone on the Eastern Shore, who understands the business--scythes--Mr. Stuart.

Washington encloses an extract from Rev. Belknap in order to enlist the aid of Chase in answering the questions. Washington wants to encourage Belknap whom he believes to be a man of merit and scholarship.

Washington expresses his opinions on Anderson's "Memorial" to him on proposed plan of work at Mt. Vernon -- agrees substantially with his principles for conducting the different farms & modes of carrying them into effect -- some minor modifications may be necessary -- overseers don't need to know anything except to obey orders without question -- comments on specifics in Anderson's Memorial -- grass & oat fields at Mt. Vernon -- farm & woodland pastures -- "Although there will be little or no cultivation at the Mansion House after the year 1798, yet keeping up the fences - getting fuel and performing other multifarious jobs" make it difficult to predict force necessary to work it -- grass at River Farm -- Muddy Hole, Dogue Run, Union Farm turned more to meadows -- wishes new mill race to be completed because he wishes to keep mill busy through the season by purchasing wheat to grind -- approves Andersons plan of a distillery to make profit, and will put carpenters to it as soon as possible -- Washington is not inclined to place Andersons compensation for running the distillery & other business on footing Anderson suggests [Washington and Anderson to share the profits from distillery] but prefers to pay a standing wage -- Washington gives his reasons, and will pay £140 to him & if he establishes the distillery which answers purposes, he will increase the salary in appreciation -- will also hire a clerk if necessary -- but if River Farm is rented, won't increase his wages at all -- no overseer necessary for Mansion House, Will can do the work -- Washington doesn't want one overseer overlooking both Union and Dogue Run because he has "always found, however, that Negroes will either idle or slight their work if they are not closely attended to."

Washington writes to his nephew about contracting for a supply of corn for his distillery at Mount Vernon; mentions his manager Mr. Anderson.

Encloses 3 tobacco notes--requests Peter to dispose of them "in safe hands" for what they will bring--60 or 120 days credit make little difference.

Washington responds to Adams on accepting the appointment of Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the American Armies.

Transmit receipt for tobacco note sent by Peter--"I am ignorant of the principles, on which I am called upon to pay for picking a Tenants tobacco; but presuming it was proper, I thank you for having done it"--deposit tobacco in hands of Mr. Peter, "your father" to be disposed of by him--encloses postnote for $100, deduct what is owned him and return balance.

Autograph letter, signed. George Washington writes to Rev. Jonathan Boucher includes one of Washington's most memorable quotes, his profession that "Peace, with all the world is my sincere wish".

Washington writes that he prefers to take a chance on shipping tobacco to foreign markets rather than accept low prices in this country--he desires to know if any foreign bound ships in Georgetown will accept it on consignment, though, before making a final decision--"I am gathering strength."

Washington writes that he intends to build 2 houses not far from Capital, but not as large as Francis imagined--he expects to complete them before Congress "as I am never long in executing a measure I have once resolved on."--the plans are in the hands of Mr. White or Dr. Thornton, and Francis can decide himself how many boarders they will accommodate--there will be three flush stories in each building and garret rooms for servants--if these buildings will suit, they will be ready in time.

Dated "16th September 1798 at Night" Washington writes that he is too busy to answer lengthy letters of remonstrance or complaints when a short conversation on the road or any of farms would be far more satisfactory--he will never hesitate to express opinion on his own affairs, and resents the implication that he will not listen to Anderson's criticisms and suggestions--gives instructions in planting of different farms--denies he suspects Anderson of unfairness in his accounts--Washington tells him not to buy wheat too fast but adjust it to the market for flour--he won't go into such lengthy correspondence again since he sees Anderson every day--Washington opines that he cannot open his lips to ask question of overseer or make suggestion without hurting Anderson's feelings--"It must be obvious to yourself, that it is by my Rents, and the Sales of my lands that I have been enabled to get along & to support the expence of this house. The Farms do little more than support themselves, and those who overlook them."--Washington writes "I will, once for all, Mr. Anderson, say (and I never profess what I do not feel) that I have an esteem, regard & friendship for you; but I shall repeat that this will never prevent me from expressing my mind fully and freely in all matters relative to my business."–he is also sorry Anderson's son has suddenly decided to quit, but hopes Anderson can quickly find a substitute for him at the distillery.

George Washington's deer park declined while he was away serving as president. In 1792 he replaced its fence with a ha-ha or walled ditch, drawn here in black. Six years later, he planned a new course for the ha-ha, represented by the dotted line following "the natural shape of the hill."

The entire letter has to do with the financial problems of the Charles Washington's, and George Washington's offer of One Thousand dollars. Washington shows great displeasure in the families "deplorable" state of affairs.

Pres. Adams had just appointed the 36 year old nephew of Gen. Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States. Gen. Washington indicates his approval of Pres. Adams' choice as well as his awareness of the difficulties Bushrod can expect to encounter as Associate Justice.

President John Adams had just appointed Bushrod to the Supreme Court of the United States. George Washington indicates his approval of Adams' choice as well as his awareness of the difficulties Bushrod can expect to encounter as Associate Justice.

Final letter of response confirming that he had received the book "Proofs of a Conspiracy" by John Robison-a Baravarian member of the Illuminati. Washington reassures Snyder that he is aware of the Illuminati's objective to overturn ... "all Government and all Religion ..." but he does not believe these tenets were being propagated by the Freemasonry in America. Washington comments he has no time to read being preoccupied with Mt. Vernon repairs.

Washington congratulates the Carters on the anticipated birth of their 12th child. Washington has "abundant reason to be thankful for my own recovery" from a fever which "deprived me of 20 lbs of my weight; which ... is nearly restored."

Washington writes that, despite what she had heard, he has not been suffering from the "desolating fever"--he dines at Mr. Willing's (Powel's brother) this day and will have tea with Powel afterward.

In the hand and signed by Tobias Lear or Alexander Hamilton, on Washington's watermarked paper. Washington writes in answer to the firm's letter of 24 October that he does not, as a rule, accept gifts such as their offered literary and miscellaneous paper--however because he does like to support such "publications which may be useful & beneficial to our country" he wishes to enter a subscription for it, if they will forward terms.

In the hand of and signed "G. Washington" Tobias Lear or Alexander Hamilton, Washington writes that, as he has no experience with claims such as hers, he must refer her to Gov. Trumbull or members of Congress for information on how to go about applying for half pay due her on behalf of late father Col. John Durkee.

Washington writes that he will breakfast with Mrs. Powel "tomorrow at her usual hour, if named to him."

Washington writes his thanks to Powel for her help in selecting and securing presents for Washington's family members in Virginia--in particular, for the prints and for her offer to choose something handsome to present Eleanor P. Custis--he considers muslin the best gift--asks her to locate some memento for Mrs. Washington--and asks her "to procure the second edition" of the present which she intends for Eliza Law lest there be "a contest ... in which an innocent Babe may become the victim of strife"--he hopes to leave town Friday or Saturday, but will call on her before going.

Washington writes to Powel expressing his gratitude for the articles she sent and her assistance in selecting them--he encloses $75 in payment--he will deliver her letter to Mrs. [Eliza Custis] Law and give the doll to Eliza.

Washington writes to send a $500 check drawn on the Bank of Alexandria so Mr. Blagden can proceed laying in materials to build Washington's houses in the Federal City--he briefly describes a building he saw in Philadelphia like what he wants built and "if this is not incongruous with the rules of architecture, I should be glad to have my two houses executed in this style."

Washington writes to Stuart that he was pleased to find in Philadelphia recently that so many "Gentlemen of family fortune & high expectations" seek commissions in army--this, and the vain attempt to keep him to any literary pursuits, gave Washington idea to get Washington Custis a commission as Cornet--he also has the conviction that if real danger threatened the country "no young man ought to be an idle spectator of its defence;"--this would also divert Custis's attention from thoughts of marriage--Washington wanted to consult Mrs. Stuart and Martha before offering it, but Mr. Lear wrote to Custis about it and concealment of the idea is now impossible--Custis is now a cornet in the troop commanded by Lawrence Lewis--the Lieutenant is Lawrence Washington, Junr. of Chotanck--the matter still must be approved by the President and Senate, of course so it should not to be talked of publicly till then--Mrs. Washington consents but it must have Mrs. Stuart's permission--Washington's caution is because Custis is an only son, the only male of his great great grandfather's family--Providence will protect Custis in camp or field of battle as it would in domestic life.

This memorandum includes totals of the land to be cultivated and that in woods, waste, etc., probably all on Dogue Run farm--list of hands on Dogue Run with their [Ages?, probably drawn up with idea of renting the farm.] Also contains statements that wheat and cattle can be had also at reasonable valuation.

Washington writes in response to his nephew's query about the offer to become the 'Guardian of Nelly' so as to authorize a license for Lawrence and Nelly to marry. He also encourages Lawrence to acknowledge the Secretary of War's offered military commission and either accept or decline the appointment. Autograph letter signed, 2 pages.

Received 4 copies of prints of deaths of Montgomery and Warren [done by John Trumbull]--cannot remember price on subscription lists, so asks T. to let him know the amount and also whether he can receive remittances for his brother in this county--doesn't know whether he paid in advance--papers from Philadelphia have not been unpacked yet--paper accompanying prints says rest of proposed design has been abandoned, due to "peculiarity of the times"--coming marriage of Nelly Custis and [Lawrence] Lewis.

Washington writes to Brainerd that he sympathizes with his calamities, but cannot give him pecuniary aid--has had difficulty collecting rents due him and adds that "the income of my estate does not at this time hardly meet my current expenses"--further, he believes in helping his friends and neighbors first, and that is all he has the means of doing.

Letter from George Washington to Joseph Anthony concerning payment due after the acquisition of a set of engraved prints by the artist, John Trumbull. The prints were titled 'The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack of Quebec (December 31, 1775)', depicting the death of Richard Montgomery during the attack of Quebec; and 'The Death of General Warren - The Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775)', depicting the death of Dr. Joseph Warren. These prints were sold on a subscription basis and, having made the initial payment in 1790, Washington is requesting how to pay the final installment. This letter is addressed to Joseph Anthony, John Trumbull's agent in America. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

In a former letter Washington had ordered a uniform to be made as instructed by Secretary of War to be ready by Feb. 22 -- here he suggests sending it by way of Judge Bushrod Washington, who should be leaving Philadelphia for Mount Vernon shortly -- Washington wants the goods packed in a custom-built portmanteau of stiff thick leather, 2 feet long and 2 ft. 9 in round with a flap for brushes, blacking, and so on, with an iron bar running through staples, and a good lock -- he says an able craftsman would have no trouble building one from that description.

Contains Washington's survey of land purchased from George and James Mercer in the neighborhood of Four Mile Run in Arlington, County, Va., known as the Washington['s] Forest tract--Second page shows comparison of three surveys: Gray's & Adams Patents 1724 & 1730; Jn. Houghs, Nov. 1766; Washington's April 3 and 4, 1799. Does not include a map.

Washington inquires about the uniform he ordered, saying that the last delay was supposed to have been the gold thread which was expected in spring shipping--he requests no further unnecessary delay--asks McAlpin to send it in a portmanteau mentioned earlier and by some person coming through to Alexandria to be left at Post office or stage office there.

Washington follows up on last winter's conversation in Philadelphia, and accepts Boudinot's offer of some of his wine, since his (Washington's) letters seem to have miscarried and a new order will reach Mr. Pintard in Madeira only after his stock is almost exhausted--Biddle will handle the transaction on his behalf.

Letter from George Washington to Alexander Addison regarding money owed on the sale of land at Millers Run in Pennsylvania. Autograph letter signed, 1 page.

Washington writes that he has received McAlpins letters of the 24th and 27th -- he thanks McAlpin for his efforts in furnishing uniform coat although he failed -- he mentions Mr. Bahr in New York, a tailor who embroidered a cloak for Washington when the capital was in New York, and suggests asking him -- if this fails and the coat has not been sent to Europe yet, he asks McAlpin to keep it and inform him of its state and what can be done with it.

George Washington rented the slaves from Mrs. Penelope Manley French, widow of Daniel French of Rose Hill. In July 1799, Washington wrote to Mrs. French's son-in-law, Benjamin Delany about returning the slaves.

Washington encloses notes for 2 hogsheads of tobacco, and asks Peter to try to sell them in Georgetown or get credit for them--Washington plans to be in Georgetown for a meeting of the Potomac Company on the 5th of August.