The collection opens with materials of William Fanning (1728-1782) of Brunswick and Greensville counties, Va., an Anglican clergyman who was both an uncle of John Wickham and father of Wickham's first wife. Included are a certificate of ordination, 1754, issued to Fanning as a deacon in the Church of England (signed by the Bishop of Gloucester and bearing a seal of the Bishop of London); a 1781 letter of Fanning to Virginia Governor Thomas Nelson (a copy made in 1857) concerning John Wickham; and a will probated in Greensville County. Early folders also contain notes on the Fanning, Gray, Tazewell, and Wickham families (apparently taken from the family Bible of Mary (Gray) Tazewell Fanning); and correspondence, 1930, of Henry Taylor Wickham with George MacLaren Brydon concerning William and Edmund Fanning.

Series 2 contains papers of Edmund Fanning (1739-1818), another of Wickham's uncles who took a particular interest in the younger man's education and career. Edmund Fanning pursued his own colorful career in colonial administration and eventually served as governor of Nova Scotia. His records in this collection include correspondence, 1738-ca. 1812, with Sir Robert Pigot, John Wickham (concerning Wickham's service in the King's American Regiment and as a lawyer in Richmond, Va.), and Mary Smith (Fanning) Wickham; letters, 1777-1778 (copies made in 1873) of Fanning (while serving in the King's American Regiment) to James Fanning and Hannah Smith (Fanning) Wickham (concerning John Wickham); a prayer, ca. 1788, for the governor, council, and assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada; and biographical sketches, ca. 1800-1829.

Series 3 contains a limited number of John Wickham's own personal records survive in Box 1 of this collection. Letters, 1806, written to Philadelphia merchant David Parish concern the personal and financial affairs of entrepreneur David Ross; while letters, 1778-1799 (copies of which were made in 1873-1874) written to John Wickham (1734-1808) and Harriet Smith (Fanning) Wickham, John Wickham's parents, describe his travels in Europe and practice of law in Richmond, Va.

John Wickham's land records, 1801-1842, primarily concern plantations in Henrico and Goochland counties known as "Middle Quarter," "Lower Quarter," and "Ellerslie" and are related to his acquisition of the "East Tuckahoe" plantation. These papers consist of proceedings, exhibits, decrees, and other records from the lawsuit of Wakelyn Welch, surviving partner of Robert Cary and Company of London v. the executors of Thomas Mann Randolph (a British debt case that concerns in part the sale of "Middle Quarter Plantation" and its Negro slaves to Wickham in 1800) signed by George Wythe and bearing a seal of the Virginia High Court of Chancery; a deed of trust, 1838, of Wickham to BenjaminWatkins Leigh and William Fanning Wickham for the benefit of John Wickham's children (deed covers slaves, cattle, horses, and personal property on the plantation); and a newspaper notice, 1842, of the public auction of these lands.

Wickham's miscellany contains a commission, 1782, in the King's American Regiment of Foot (signed by George III and Thomas Townshend, Viscount Sydney, and bears seal); an argument, 1795, of John Wickham (through not in his hand) as counsel for the U.S. in the U.S. Circuit Court at Richmond in U.S. v. Daniel Lawrence Hylton (concerning the constitutionality of the federal carriage tax); a deed of trust (copy), 1800 to shares in the Bank of Baltimore for the benefit of Mary (Gray) Tazewell Fanning; a statement, ca. 1820, of the case of John Ponsonby Martin concerning the confiscation of the Virginia estate of John Martin by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1779; a student notebook, n.d., used (probably by one of Wickham's children) to practice handwriting; lines of verse, 1835, copied from the Southern Literary Messenger concerning Wickham's speech before the Virginia House of Delegates; and drafts of a biographical sketch, 1887, by Williams Carter Wickham.

The next three boxes (Boxes 2-4) cover the very extensive and complicated proceedings over the estate of John Wickham. Due to a number of technicalities, Wickham's estate matters eventually absorbed the estates of Richmond physician James McClurg, his father-in-law, and of several of his children who died young, and gave rise to an enormous amount of litigation.

The estate records begin with two copies of Wickham's lengthy will, 1839, probated in Richmond. Correspondence, 1852-1875, of William Fanning Wickham (as surviving executor with Benjamin Watkins Leigh) including numerous letters from Julia (Wickham) Leigh (concerning family affairs and the U.S. Customs House in Richmond), John Wickham (1825-1892) of St. Louis, Mo., and John Wickham (1825-1902) of "East Tuckahoe," Henrico County , Va. An account book, 1856-1880, kept by William Fanning Wickham bears frequent notes on transactions and financial affairs of the estate and on his trusteeship for a younger Wickham daughter, Frances (Wickham) Graham. Loose accounts cover the period 1848-1863; bonds, 1853-1869. Materials concerning land of John Wickham in Kentucky and Missouri and of Doctor McClurg in Randolph County [W.Va.] and in Kentucky (Folder 5) include correspondence with Joseph Rogers Underwood and others and notes of William Fanning Wickham. Estate miscellany consists of a petition to and order of the Richmond Circuit Court in 1864; materials, 1858, concerning Amy (a Negro slave) at Eastern Lunatic Asylum (later Eastern State Hospital) in Williamsburg, Va., and notes of William Fanning Wickham.Box 4 contains records of a trust established by the estate for a granddaughter of John Wickham, Charlotte Georgiana Wickham, upon her marriage in 1859 to William Henry Fitzhugh Lee. William Fanning Wickham and Robert E. Lee served as trustees. Materials include the deed of trust (marriage settlement) establishing the trust, signed by all the above parties plus Williams Carter (grandfather of the bride and her guardian); notes and memoranda of William Fanning Wickham, 1858-1868; and an order and receipt, 1866-1868, of William Henry Fitzhugh Lee concerning shares of Virginia 6% state stock (also signed by Robert E. Lee).

Correspondence of William Fanning Wickham as trustee includes numerous communications with Doctor Charles Carter, Robert E. Lee, and William Henry Fitzhugh Lee (of "Arlington," "Ravensworth," Fairfax County, and "White House," New Kent County). Two bank books and some loose accounts cover the period 1854-1867. Materials, 1856-1879, concern lot #502 at Grace and Sixth streets in Richmond and #533 at Broad and Sixth streets, owned respectively by Maclurg Wickham and W. H. F. Lee in the division of the estate of Doctor James McClurg. Another group of records, 1861, concern the lot and tenanment on Cary Street adjoining the Bank of Richmond, A deed of release (copy), 1867, of W. H. F. Lee conveys land in Warwick County, Va., received from the estate of Doctor William Foushee. Lastly, materials, 1880-1882, concern a lawsuit in Richmond Chancery Court of William Henry Fitzhugh Lee v. William Carter Wickham (executor of William Fanning Wickham) etal. (including correspondence of Wickham and Lee, an answer of Wickham, exhibits, receipts, and notes).

Series 4, containing the personal records of William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880) commences with Box 5. A prominent attorney of early Richmond like his father, William Fanning Wickham retired early to his plantation in Hanover County, "Hickory Hill," and devoted the rest of his life to his family and to agriculture. He kept a long series of diaries (17 volumes) beginning in 1828, in which he recorded little of a personal nature but much on agricultural operations. weather, the sale of produce, plantation life, horse breeding, and local affairs. Many of the diaries include lists of Negro slaves (with their ages) at"Hickory Hill" and adjoining plantations, as well as records of slave births and deaths. Some volumes include plats of fields (beginning with volume 5). Volume 8 covers the Hanover County homefront during the Civil War, describing the treatment of slaves and noting runaways to the Union Army. It mentions a battle near "Hickory Hill" on 27 May 1862 (entry for 31 May), news of campaigns and Union raids during the summers of 1862 and 1863, and reports on the Spotsylvania Campaign, 14-31 May 1864. Volume XIV reports the devastating fire at "Hickory Hill" on 13 February 1875.Wickham's general correspondence covers the period 1817-1878 and is generally maintained with family members. Letters to Anne Butler (Carter) Wickham and William Carter Wickham mostly concern the elder Wickham's trip to Europe in 1852 (visiting Geneva, London, Paris, and Rome). Other correspondents include Doctor Charles Carter of Philadelphia (largely concerning the estate of Williams Carter, and "North Wales," in Caroline County, letters dated 1865 concern the postwar crisis in Virginia), Edmund Fontaine (concerning train stops on the Virginia Central Railroad in Hanover County), William Cabell Rives, Judith Page (Walker) Rives (concerning the death of William Cabell Rives), Littleton Waller Tazewell (imperfect), James Maclurg Wikcham (concerning the death of George Wickham) and Lucy Penn (Taylor) Wickham. Letters of condolence, sent to William Fanning Wickham upon the death of Anne Butler (Carter) Wickham in 1868, also include acknowledgements by Wickham (especially to Robert E. Lee) and other members of the Carter and Wickham families, and a prayer by Wickham.

Wickham's financial records in Box 7 include accounts, 1828-1841, 1854-1863, and 1872-1878; a memoranda book of stocks, 1853-1861; bonds, 1878, of Wickham to John Henry Wickham and Mrs. Maria F. Wickham; and bonds, 1879, with E. and S. Wortham, Richmond commission merchants.

"Hickory Hill" land records cover the acquisition of the plantation and adjoining acreage between 1828 and 1878 which totaled nearly 3500 acres by the latter date. An 1878 survey report, title history, and map give an overview of the gradual evolution of the plantation. Folder 1 contains deeds, 1820-1828, of the heirs of George William Smith to William Fanning Wickham and include an agreement, power of attorney, and plat. A deed, plat, and survey cover the lands of Doctor Josiah Holt. Other records consist of deeds, agreements, and plants, 1836-1837, of adjacent lands acquired from the heirs of John D. Thilman; plats, notes, and a deed covering the John H. Taliaferro lands, 1837-1858; a deed and plats, 1867-1873, of land exchanged with Edmund Winston; plats and surveys of "Hickory Hill," ca. 1852-1861; miscellaneous adjacent tracts, 1833-1867; notes of William Fanning Wickham; and a deed, 1880, of Wickham to Williams Carter Wickham.

Folder 2 consists of a report, 1844, concerning a petition to build a mill dam t power grist and saw mills; estimated values and lists of taxable real and personal property, 1823, 1852-1864, 1873; records, 1842-1857, concerning the purchase of slaves; accounts of expenses of farm operations, 1866-1876; and records of the division of the farm into a field system for crop rotation, 1871-1878. The next folder concerns "South Wales," the largest trace of the "Hickory Hill" plantation. Materialsinclude a letter, 1769, of Harry Terrill concerning farming operations; a plat, n.d., of a portion of the tract between the railroad and the county road; agreements, 1859, with the Virginia Central Railroad Company; and a survey and plat, n.d., of the Hanover Courthouse Road. Lastly, Folder 4 concerns "The Lane" (a tract also known as "Lanefield" or "Long Lane"). Items include a deed, 1825, of Thomas Nelson Carter, deed of trust, agreement, and bond; a bond, 1841, of Elizabeth Jacquelin (Ambler) Brent Carrington (with deeds of trust and release); a bond, 1843, of Wickham to Littleton Waller Tazewell (with deeds of trust and release); and undated plats.

One of the most interesting matters handled by William Fanning Wickham as an attorney concerned the estate of Samuel Gist (d. 1815), a London merchant. Gist lived in Virginia for a number of years but returned to England before the American Revolution. During that conflict, the Commonwealth of Virginia sought to confiscate his lands and goods but the General Assembly was prevailed upon to enact legislation in 1782 vesting his property in the hands of a daughter Mary (Gist) Anderson Pearkes and her first husband, William Anderson. Gist continued to receive the profits from his estates after the war through his manager in Hanover County, Benjamin Toler, and by his will sought to emancipate his slaves and provide for their welfare through the sale of property in Goochland County. An act of Assembly in 1816 created a trust supervised by the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond to be administered until all creditors of the estate were satisfied, when funds could be generated from the sale of land and other property to benefit the freed slaves, who in turn had to leave the Commonwealth. William Fanning Wickham acted as one of the trustees from 1817 until 1847 and in 1858-1859 heard from members of the Quaker committee devoted to the care of free blacks in Ohio, where Gist's slaves finally settled. The whole issue was raised again in 1877-1880 by E. Cumberland, one of the original freedmen who moved to Ohio and settled on lands purchased through funds from the estate but which the blacks had no right to alienate themselves.

Materials from the Gist estate include correspondence of William Fanning Wickham as surviving trustee with agents, attorneys, former slaves, and Quakers in Ohio (especially David Bailey, a former resident of Petersburg, and George Carter) during three periods: 1845-1849 (closing the Virginia affairs of the trust), 1850-1858 (reports from Ohio Friends), and 1870-1880 (the re-establishment of extended claims by former Gist slaves and their descendants). General materials include loose accounts, 1826-1853; bonds, 1819; records, 1832-1847, concerning the acquisition of lands in Brown and Highland counties, Ohio, and the maintenance of former slaves; and a letter (copy) of John Wickham (1763-1839) to John Hampden Pleasants concerning his role as one of the original trustees.

Records from supervision of the Gist estate by the Virginia Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond (later the Circuit Superior Court of Chancery) include memorials to the court, decrees, orders, etc., 1845- 1847, and a long series of commissioner's reports, 1818-1847. Records of the case Archibald Anderson etal. v. Samuel Gist's executors etal., heard by Chief Justice John Marshall in the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court for the Virginia District in Richmond (concerning claims under the will of William Anderson) consist of an 1824 decree of the court, a statement of accounts, notes of argument of the opposing counsel (Robert Stanard and Benjamin Watkins Leigh), and agreement and bond with Richard Anderson, and miscellany (copy of an amended bill of complaint and letter of William Fanning Wickham to Chancellor Creed Taylor).

William Fanning Wickham also served for many years as agent or trustee for his younger sister Frances (Wickham) Graham after the death of her husband. Records include an account book, 1867=1880; loose accounts, 1871-1882; bonds, 1875-1879, of John Wickham (1825-1902), Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and Maclurg Wickham; agreements, 1874-1878, concerning cash advances for her above-named brothers; a lease, 1868, to Grubbs and Williams of Richmond to a lot on Eleventh Street between Main and Bank streets; and a receipt, 1881, for payment for buildings erected on that lot. Specific materials concerning the indebtedness of John and Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham to Maclurg Wickham are comprised of deeds of trust, 1858-1877, to "East Tuckahoe" and "Woodside," Henrico County; a deed of trust (copy) concerning mineral rights, 1874, granted to the James River Coal Company; a plat of "East Tuckahoe," ca. 1858; and materials of William Fanning Wickham concerning John Wickham's bankruptcy proceedings.

Additional personal records of William Fanning Wickham (Boxes 9-10) include pardon materials, 1865 (provost marshal's certificate, petition to President Andrew Johnston, certificate of the Secretary of State (William Henry Seward), and pardon document); notes, charts, and materials collected by Wickham concerning the Carter, Fanning, Nelson, Randolph and Wickham families (see also general correspondence); and a commonplace book, n.d. (early nineteenth century), consisting primarily of descriptive and historical notes on England and English counties.

Wickham's miscellany includes a sketch of Benjamin Watkins Leigh prepared by William Hamilton Macfarland; a personal reminiscence of John Marshall; a commonplace bok, n.d. consisting of notes on the U.S. Constitution and constitutional history; essay speech, n.d., probably made at Hanover Court House concerning reconstruction in Virginia; an inventory of personal papers; a letter, 1843, of Thomas Tabb Giles to William Daniel (concerning a book in the library at "Hickory Hill"); lines of verse; and miscellaneous notes. Estate materials consist of a will probated in Hanover County, accounts, a letter to the executor (Williams Carter Wickham), and bonds.

Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), a son of William Fanning Wickham, trained as a lawyer but abandoned the law early to become a planter at "Hickory Hill." He served as a local militia officer prior to the Civil War and became a cavalry general in the army of Northern Virginia. After the war, he surprised neighbors and fellow veterans by joining the Republican party, a political organization in which he became very influential. For many years a second vice-president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Wickham also served in the Virginia Senate, where he opposed the Readjusters. His materials are represented in Series 5.

An important group of three postwar letterbooks (letter-press) kept by Williams Carter Wickham survives in this collection. Volume I covers the years 1877 to 1880 and is largely devoted to personal and business affairs and Republican party politics. (Indexes to each of the letterbooks have been prepared by VHS staff members and are filed with the appropriate volumes.) Among the individuals to whom Wickham addresses letters in this volume are Robert Rufus Bridgers, Doctor Charles Carter (of Philadelphia, concerning the estate of Williams Carter and "North Wales," Caroline County, VA), John Echols, Charles Meriwether Fry (concerning the Chesapeake Coal Company of New York), President Rutherford B. Hayes, Virginia Governor Frederick William Mackey Holliday, Collis Potter Huntington, Hugh McCullock, William Snead Oakey (of Salem, Va.), Doctor Thomas Pollard (concerning the use of marl at "Hickory Hill"), John Warren Porter (of the Charlottesville Republican), George William Richardson (concerning the sale of "Oakland," Hanover County, Va.), William Lawrence Royall, James Beverley Sener, U. S. Treasury secretary John Sherman, Samuel M. Yost (a Republican party associate), Haxall-Crenshaw Company of Richmond, and the Richmond Whig.

Letterbook II (1880-1881) also concerns Wickham's personal and business affairs, some relating to the C. and O. Railroad, plantation operations and agricultural production, Republican party activities, and St. Paul's Church in Hanover County (see especially letters to Bickerton Lyle Winston). Among the addressees are Chester A. Arthur, James G. Blaine, Doctor Charles Carter, Robert Randolph Carter, John Callaghan (of Norfolk), Charles Meriwether Fry, Philip Haxall (as president of Haxall-Crenshaw Company, Richmond), Collis Potter Huntington (concerning William Lawrence Royall [p. 7] and artist John Adams Elder [p.2651], William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, Conway Robinson (concerning the trial of Aaron Burr, a dinner for Burr hosted by John Wickham and attended by Chief Justice John Marshall, and Benjamin Watkins Leigh), George William Richardson, James Beverley Sener, Henry Taylor, and Samuel M. Yost.

Finally, Volume III (also 1880-1881) was kept as chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee, concerns activities of the Central Committee and the Republican State Convention in Lynchburg in August 1881, and includes letters written to Republican leaders throughout Virginia, especially concerning the presidential election of 1880 and state elections in 1881. Among the addressees are John Callaghan, President James A. Garfield, Doctor Joseph Jorgenson, John Singleton Mosby, Arthur Alexander Spitzer, J. B. Work, and Samuel M. Yost.

General Wickham's correspondence, 1862-1888, covers any of the same subjects as do his letterbooks, with the addition of letters concerning the offer of the post of Secretary of the Navy to Wickham in the administration of James A. Garfield in 1880 and Wickham's own efforts to acquire information on his ancestors. Prominent correspondents include Cornelius Clarke Baldwin (concerning Joseph Glover Baldwin and Benjamin Watkins Leigh), Doctor Charles Carter, Judge Robert William Hughes, Collis Potter Huntington, Henry Brainered McClellan (concerning James Breathed, Wickham's service as colonel of the 4th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, and Jeb Stuart's raid into Pennsylvania in 1862), George William Richardson, Thomas Lafayette Rosser (concerning cavalry in the Confederate State Army), David Watson Taylor, and Doctor Thomas Fanning Wood (of Wilmington, N.C., enclosing a manuscript history of the Wood, Fanning, and Coffin families).

Box 12 contains eleven volumes of Wickham's personal account books, 1875-1885, and an account book covering "household expenses at Hickory Hill." Loose accounts are scattered, but cover 1861, 1868-1888, and are heaviest in the years 1873-1879. Many of these accounts relate to farming, shipping of goods, construction of the mansion at "Hickory Hill," and furnishing the house.

The "Hickory Hill" farm materials begin with 15 volumes of "farm books," 1866-1888, which bear records of expenditures and receipts, as well as accounts with individual laborers, managers, and timbermen. Loose materials, 1871-1888, include 2 folders of records concerning the purchase of adjacent lands added to the "Hickory Hill" tract; a lease to "Knapp's" in Hanover County for conducting an egg and poultry business; an agreement concerning the care of sheep; materials concerning the construction of a stable and barn; insurance policies; a written plan for farm operations; measurements for carpeting several rooms in the mansion house; notes on the division of fields for crop rotation; notes and accounts concerning farm laborers; and miscellany.

Box 16 is wholly devoted to materials, 1867-1887, concerning "North Wales," a plantation across the Pamunkey river in Caroline County that Williams Carter Wickham managed for his cousin, Doctor Charles Carter of Philadelphia. Initial materials include a deed of William Carter, William Fanning Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham (all as executors and trustees of the estate of Williams Carter [d. 1864]) to Charles Carter; a lease to John H. Allen, an agreement concerning a debt owed by Allen's estate, and a letter of Mrs. N. V. Allen to William Fanning Wickham; a letter of E. and S. Wortham of Richmond to doctor Carter; an agreement of Williams Carter Wickham with John C. Allen as overseer; an appraisal of livestock; a map of 1878; and a lease to Williams Carter Wickham in 1882. Farm books (3 volumes) cover the period 1878-1886, while loose accounts date from the years 1877-1879. Miscellaneous items include shipping records (corn); notes on plantation operations and field divisions for crop rotation; and inventories of stock and equipment.

The next box (17) of Wickham's papers concerns the estate of Margaret William Tryon (Fanning) Cumberland of Enham Lodge, Leamington, Eng., a sister of Wickham's grandmother Mary Smith (Fanning) Wickham. These materials, 1880-1888, concern Mrs. Cumberland's bequest of personal items to Wickham. Documents that survive include correspondence of Wickham with Mrs. Cumberland, Ann Carter (Wickham) Renshaw Byerly, and London attorney William Ford, executor of Mrs. Cumberland's estate. A folder contains notes on the Fanning family; a copy of an autobiographical "statement" of Edmund Fanning; and biographical notes made by Maria Fanning. Another folder contains a sketch of a window of Lillington Church, Warwickshire, Eng., memorializing Lt. Col. Bentinck Harry Cumberland; materials concerning Fanning Grammar School, Malpeque, Prince Edward Island, Canada; notes on silver plate and jewelry; and a memorandum of assets of the estate.

Wickham followed his father as a trustee for Frances (Wickham) Graham, who came to live at "Hickory Hill." Acting with Maclurg Wickham over the years 1880-1888, Wickham maintained a few items of correspondence, accounts (including contributions to the salary of Sewall Stavely Hepbron as a rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Hanover County), and records of financial advances to John Wickham (1825- 1902) and Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham.

Williams Carter Wickham also served as a trustee under a marriage agreement between George Harrison Byrd of Baltimore and Lucy Carter Wickham, one of Wickham's nieces. The records of this trusteeship, 1857- 1892, include correspondence with Byrd, accounts, and a release issued to the estate of Williams Carter Wickham. Materials, 1876-1889, cover Wickham's activities as trustee for Reverend Edmund Wilcox Hubard and his wife Julia Leiper Taylor (a sister of Wickham's wife, Lucy). These consist of correspondence with the Hubards (of Bedford an Rappahannock counties, Va.), Henry Taylor, and William Penn Taylor; accounts and receipts; a memoranda concerning title to land in Richmond, Va.; orders of the Westmoreland County Court; and letters to Henry Taylor Wickham as executor of Williams Carter Wickham.

There follow materials concerning Wickham's years of service with the C. and O. Railway, 1872-1888. Items concerning the Central Land Company of West Virginia include an agreement of John and Daniel Kerr Stewart regarding lands in Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio purchased by Collis Potter Huntington and his associates under contract with the C. and O.; a letter of Daniel Kerr Stewart; and accounts. Some records cover Wickham's post as receiver and consist largely of newspaper clippings, a letter to the committee for reorganization, and an agreement. Another agreement concerns fences along Wickham's property in Hanover County. Lastly, miscellany includes accounts and complimentary tickets from the Richmond City Railway Company.

Some loose Republican party materials, 1881-1887, include newspaper clippings concerning Virginia Senator William Mahone; an invitation issued to Wickham by the U.S. State Department; a petition from Hanover County voters encouraging Wickham to retain his seat in the Virginia Senate; and a letter of William Fanning Wickham [1860-1900] to Ann Carter (Wickham) Rensaw Byerly concerning General Wickham's political career. Miscellaneous land records, 1876-1878, consist of a deed to land in Hanover County owed by E. F. Baker; insurance policies on a lot and house on Cedar Street in Richmond, "Oakland," Hanover County, and the Episcopal parsonage of St. Paul's Parish, Hanover County, Va.

General Wickham's personal miscellany is comprised of a broadside, 1861, as a Virginia state senator for Hanover and Henrico counties concerning the Virginia Secession Convention; a certificate of election, 1863, to the Confederate States Congress (signed by George Wythe Munford); a code book, n.d., used for messages between Wickham and C. T. Dabney; a stock certificate, 1886, for 100 shares in Spring Valley Gold Mining Company of California; a contract, 1887, for enclosing the Wickham family section in Shockoe Hill Cemetery in Richmond; and a letter, 1882, of Henry Hall of the New York Tribune to John Page. Wickham's estate materials include a copy of his will probated in Hanover County; telegrams of condolence sent to Lucy Penn (Taylor ) Wickham and Henry Taylor Wickham (many from his railroad associates and fellow veterans like Collis Potter Huntington andFitzhugh Lee); a letter from Virginia L. Nelson; a biographical sketch of Wickham and memoranda of his Civil War service; resolutions of respect and tribute; and obituary notices and newspaper editorials.

Williams Carter Wickham married Lucy Penn Taylor in 1848 and they lived at "Hickory Hill." Mrs. Wickham's papers, in Series 6, include several dozen early letters, 1848-1866, she wrote to Elizabeth (Kane) Shields, daughter of Judge John Kintzing Kane of Philadelphia and sister of Arctic explorer Elisha Kent Kane and Thomas Leiper Kane (all of whom are mentioned in the letters, along with notes of William Fanning Wickham). Mrs. Wickham's correspondence, 1888-1913, is primarily with Henry Taylor and Henry Taylor Wickham, in part concerning "Hickory Hill." Her accounts sporadically cover the period 1875-1913, along with personal property tax returns, 1893-1909. Correspondence, 1902, of Henry Taylor Wickham concerns his mother's purchase of shares in the Chesapeake Land and Improvement Company of Richmond. Her collected genealogical notes concern the Hubard, Leiper, Pendleton, and Taylor families.

Two folders of Mrs. Wickham's personal papers concern the estate of her father, Henry Taylor of "Belvidera," Spotsylvania County, Va. These materials, 1853-1921, are made up of a letter of Taylor to Mrs. Wickham; copies of Taylor's will; a memorandum and notes of Henry Taylor Wickham; materials concerning Julia Leiper (Taylor Hubard v. Henry Taylor's administrator in the Westmoreland County Court (1864-1866) and Julia Leiper (Taylor) Hubard v. Henry Taylor etal. in the Westmoreland County Circuit Court. Materials regarding a trust created for the benefit of Lucy Penn (Taylor) Wickham consist of the appointment by Julia Dunlap (Leiper) Taylor and William Penn Taylor of William Fanning Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham as trustees; decrees and a report to the Westmoreland County Circuit Court in William Carter Wickham etal. v. Henry Taylor's executors etal.; a deed of trust and release of Henry Taylor to "Leeds Farm," Westmoreland County; extracts from the records of the Circuit Court for Spotsylvania County; and proceedings in Rosa V. Taylor v. Henry Taylor etal. in Spotsylvania Circuit Court.

Five folders of documents concern the estate of Lucy Penn (Taylor) Wickham, 1913-1915. These include copies of her numerous wills; a legal opinion of Hill Carter; inventories; correspondence and accounts of the executors. One folder contains records from Henry Taylor Wickham etal. v. Stuart Lee Dance, as guardian of the children of William Fanning Wickham (1860-1900) in the Hanover County Circuit Court (bill of complaint and exhibits; motions and decrees; depositions; accounts; notes; petitions for appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals). "Hickory Hill" materials are comprised of a lease to Henry Taylor Wickham, 1892; financial records of William Fanning Wickham's (1860-1900) management of the farm; deeds of the heirs of Lucy Penn (Taylor) Wickham (Ann Carter (Wickham) Renshaw Byerly, Williams Carter Wickham Renshaw, and Williams Carter Wickham [1887-1985]); and a deed and agreement concerning sale of a portion of "Prospect Hill," adjoining "The Lane," to C. P. Cardwell, and access to a road called "The Boulevard" in Hanover County. Estate miscellany consists of materials concerning a debt of Sol L. Bloomberg, a memorandum and notes of Henry Taylor Wickham, and obituary notices.

Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943), eldest child of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn (Taylor) Wickham, also trained as an attorney and practiced for many years in Hanover County and Richmond. He was long- time general counsel for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company. Henry Wickham's papers begin with a series of six letterbooks, 1931-1940, kept at his office in the First National Bank Building in Richmond. They cover personal business and family affairs, Democratic party politics, Wickham's lengthy career in the Virginia Senate, his law practice, and his activities as a member of the Westmoreland Club and supporter of the Richmond Community Fund. Reminiscences of the Civil War service of Williams Carter Wickham are sprinkled throughout these volumes. His papers make up Series 7.

Along with numerous family members, addressees (indexed in each letterbook by Wickham himself) include Matthew Page Andrews (beginning in vol. IV), Leon Maurice Nelson Bazile (begin vol. V), Harry Flood Byrd, William Duval Cardwell, Herbert Fitzpatrick McCall Frazier, Carter Glass, Newton Lewis Hall (as farm manger of "Hickory Hill"), George P. Lyon, Andrew Jackson Montague, Rosewell Page, George C. Peery, John Garland Pollard, Absalom Willis Robertson, William H. Shelton, Cornelius T. Smith, Claude Augustus Swanson, and William Munford Tuck (beginning vol. V), and the Richmond real estate management firms of Elam and Funsten, Charles A. Rose Co., and Morton G. Thalhimer, Inc.

Henry Taylor Wickham's loose correspondence, 1874-1941, is largely personal, directed mostly to family members, although some items concern his business affairs. A good number are letters of condolence on the death of Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888). Among the more frequent or significant correspondents are Alice (Carter) Bransford (of "Shirley," Charles City County, Va.), Ann Carter (Wickham) Renshaw Byerly, William Anderson Glasgow (enclosing a typescript copy of a memoir by Frederick Johnston and letters, 1814-1815, of John Randolph of Roanoke and Custis Lee, Mildred Childe Lee, Robert Henry Renshaw, George Barksdale Wickham (while attending Virginia Military Institute,, Lexington), Williams Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and Eleanor Landis (Porcher) Windle (enclosing a typescript copy of a letter of Anne Butler (Carter) Wickham concerning the capture of William Henry Fitzhugh Lee at "Hickory Hill" by Union forces in 1863).

An account book, 1867-1870, of Henry Taylor Wickham covers his student days at Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington and at the University of Virginia, and includes lists of law books and lines of verse written by Wickham. Along with an account book, 1942, two passbooks, 1915-1926, and a check stub book, 1922-1926, financial records also include loose accounts, 1920-1939 (mostly consisting of canceled checks before 1931).

Box 26 contains materials relating to several real estate properties managed for Wickham in the 1930s by Elam and Funsten and by Charles A. Rose Co. (1309 East Cary Street, 13 North Governor Street, and 1333 West Broad Street).

"Hickory Hill" materials fill more than three boxes (17-30). Beginning with four volumes of farm books, 1893-1913, that record wages paid to laborers, general farm accounts, and records of agricultural operations, these materials likewise include loose farm records and accounts, 1929-1943, consisting in part of time sheets, payrolls and produce statements. A few additional loose items cover agricultural operations in 1894-1898; records collected by Wickham of the southern boundary of "Hickory Hill," "South Wales," the "Lane Island" (formed from a portion of "The Lane" by the changing course of the Pamunkey river), and land belonging to the estate of Christopher Wingfield, consisting primarily of plats, surveys correspondence, and notes (most dated between 1908-1915); and contracts, 1927-1942, with Newton Lewis Hall as farm manager.

Some loose items concerning Wickham's college days include certificates and diplomas, 1867-1868, issued by Washington College (all signed by Robert E. Lee and various faculty members); a membership certificate in the alumni association signed by John Echols, Samuel H. Letcher, and others); a diploma issued by the University of Virginia, 1870, as Bachelor of Law (signed by Socrates Maupin, John Barbee Minor, and others); and an honorary doctor of laws degree conferred by Washington and Lee University, 1935.

Records concerning Wickham's lengthy career in the Virginia Senate range widely. They include vote totals in Hanover and Caroline counties for elections held in 1899 and 1907; certificates of election, 1923- 1939; a transcript of a newspaper clipping, 1906, concerning Thomas Staples Martin; clippings concerning members of the Bryan family, the Richmond Times-Dispatch, and alleged legislative corruption, 1913; certificates concerning election expenditures, 1935; materials concerning the primary and general elections of 1939; materials, 1934, concerning a proposal to alter Hanover County's form of government to a "county executive" system (newspaper clippings, notes and a letter of Dr. Early Lee Fox of Randolph-Macon College, Ashland); and a joint resolution, 1942, of the Virginia General Assembly concerning Henry Taylor Wickham.

Many of Mr. Wickham's speeches over the year survive in his personal papers. Some loose items, 1935-1942, primarily concern Democratic party politics and historical subjects in Virginia (such as Patrick Henry's political career and college life at Washington and Lee University under Robert E. Lee). Many more items are bound together in three volumes of speeches and addresses (Box 31), including a number of items written by or about Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888). For examply, in Volume I (1860-1926) there are remarks made by Williams Carter Wickham at a meeting of citizens at Henrico courthouse, 3 December 1860, concerning instructions from electors on his course in the Virginia Senate (no. 1); an address of Williams Carter Wickham, ca. 1860, concerning a call to the U.S. Congress for a convention to amend the U.S. Constitution (no. 2); a speech of Andrew Jackson Montague, 1926, concerning Williams Carter Wickham (no. 16); numerous addresses of Henry Taylor Wickham to literary societies, veterans' groups, and local celebrations and commemorations (such as the unveiling of portraits at Hanover Court House in 1926, with biographical sketches of Henry Rose Carter, George Pitman Haw, John Enoch Mason, John Robert Taylor, and others). The remaining two volumes include the following: Volume II (1901-1937): addresses of Henry Taylor Wickham to the League of Women Voters and local woman's clubs, and as president of the Patrick Henry Centennial Association; an 1858 manuscript roll of the Hanover Dragoons (later Company G of the 4th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, C.S.A., commanded by Williams Carter Wickham); and biographical sketches of James Churchill Cooke, William Brockenbrough Newton, Samuel Cornelius Redd, and Thomas White Sydnor; and Volume III (1888-1938): primarily political campaign speeches of Henry Taylor Wickham; recollections of Robert E. Lee; and addresses to local Confederate veterans' associations.

Boxes 32 through 37 contain 12 volumes of scrapbooks assembled and indexed by Henry Taylor Wickham, 1867-1943. Each is listed separately below, with a brief reference to general and/or outstanding contents:

Scrapbook I (1867-1932): mostly newspaper clippings concerning Republican party politics; orations and speeches of Henry Taylor Wickham; Funders-Readjusters in Virginia; John Sergeant Wise (pp. 6-10); Williams Carter Wickham (pp. 12-30, 40-76); obituary notice of Williams Carter Wickham (p. 39); and broadsides, 1867-1886, of Williams Carter Wickham issued to voters of Hanover and Henrico counties (pp. 17, 70, 72).

Scrapbook II (1888-1936): largely concerns the death of Williams Carter Wickham and the monument erected in Monroe Park, by Edmund Virginius Valentine; Hanover Troop Association reunions.

Scrapbook III (1888-1905): election campaigns and service of Henry Taylor Wickham in the Virginia Senate, especially as chairman of the senate finance committee and president pro tem; broadside to voters (pp. 5- 6); Democratic party politics; the Virginia Debt Commission (concerning West Virginia's portion of the Virginia state debt).

Scrapbook IV (1905-1923): Henry Taylor Wickham's Virginia senate career and elections; letter of Thomas Staples Martin to Wickham, 1906 (p. 5); newspaper clippings and magazine articles concerning historical subjects and railroad business.

Scrapbook V (1923-1930): Virginia Senate career; historical celebrations in Hanover County; obituary notices of Admiral James Harrison Oliver of "Shirley," Charles City County, Va. (pp. 75-77); letter of Harry Flood Byrd to Wickham, 1929 (p. 92).

Scrapbook VI (1930-1934): Wickham's memoir of Judge Edmund Waddill (pp. 39-41); reports and speech of Wickham concerning the bust of Patrick Henry placed in the hall of the Virginia House of Delegates, 1932 (pp. 52ff); letter of Douglas Southall Freeman to Wickham, 1934 (p. 90).

Scrapbook VII (1934-1937): local legislative issues; letters of Francis Pendleton Gaines of Washington and Lee University (pp. 12, 24), and William Thomas Reed (pp. 20-21, concerning "Rocky Mills," Hanover County); two letters of Harry Flood Byrd (p. 94); activities as president of the Patrick Henry Bicentennial Association; texts of some speeches included.

Scrapbook VIII (1883-1937): Henry Taylor Wickham's career and speeches; broadside of Williams Carter Wickham, 1883; many clippings about Virginia Chesterman Wickham, Richmond socialite.

Scrapbook IX (1937-1938): Virginia Senate service and Democratic politics.

Scrapbook X (1939-1940): Virginia Senate career; some speeches; correspondence tipped in: R. Walton Moore (15 September 1939), Robert Kincaid Brock (1 June 1939), Harry Flood Byrd (28 February 1940), Carter Class (March 1940).

Scrapbook XI (1940-1942): Virginia Senate career.

Scrapbook XII (1942-1943): letter of Harry Floor Byrd (30 November 1942); death of Henry Taylor Wickham in March 1943.

Records from the law practice of Henry Taylor Wickham date mostly from the later years of his career. These include materials concerning Wickham's association with the C. and O. Railway Company, 1889-1935; license applications and fees, 1931-1933; updated law notes; records from Henrico County Board of Supervisors v. J. B. Bourne etal., 1934, in the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; and a certificate of incorporation (typescript copy), 1919, of the Richmond Gas and Electric Appliance Company (including George Barksdale Wickham as an officer).

Wickham's land and tax records consist of a deed (typescript), 1890, to lot 590 on Grace Street in Richmond; a deed (unexecuted), 1916, to land in Hanover County; personal property tax forms, 1899-1909; a title insurance policy, 1938, covering the Boulevard Apartments, 225 North Boulevard, in Richmond; and a petition (typescript copy), ca. 1920 in Henry Taylor Wickham v. Commonwealth of Virginia in the Hanover County Circuit Court (concerning personal property and income taxes).

Wickham saved a large number of newspaper clippings that cover his legal and political career, Confederate military history, and local history in Caroline and Hanover counties and the City of Richmond. He also collected notes and records on the following families: Barksdale, Carter, Fanning, Leiper, Penn, Taylor, and Wickham. His general miscellany, finally, includes cards, notes, telegrams, etc., concerning the Wickhams' 50th wedding anniversary in 1935; a power of attorney, 1938, concerning the Social security Act; newspaper clippings and an eulogy by Wickham at the funeral of Rosewell Page; historical notes on the Blair family of Virginia; notes concerning visitors to the While Sulphur Springs, W.Va., in 1875 (identified in an accompanying photograph); a letter (copy), 1926, of Judge Jake Fisher of Braxton County, W.Va., to Herbert Fitzpatrick concerning a Michael Miley photograph of Robert E. Lee; lists of books; and miscellaneous notes and lines of verse.

Wickham's estate records fill seven folders in Boxes 38-39/ They begin with obituary notices, resolutions, and memorial tributes, and certificates of death and probate. Much of the correspondence of the estate, handled by the widow, Elise Warwick (Barksdale) Wickham, and Richmond attorney R. Grayson Dashiell, is directed to Williams Carter Wickham (1887-1985). Financial records include loose accounts, 1943-1944, an account book and account statements rom the Savings Bank and Trust Company in Richmond, and a check stub book. Tax forms and receipts for the years 1940-1944 follow.

Records of rental properties in Richmond managed by Charles A. Rose Co. (225 North Boulevard, 721 West Broad Street, 1333 West Broad Street, and 2711 Hanover Avenue) and by Elam and Funsten (1309 East Cary Street, 13 North Governor Street) appear in folders 5-6. Lastly, estate miscellany is comprised of correspondence and an application for widow's benefits filed with the Railroad Retirement Board, 1947; and an agreement with Hill Carter concerning timber on "Loblolly Hill," in Hanover County, a portion of the Wickham farm.

Series 8 concerns Elise Warwick Barksdale (1861-1952), who married Herny Taylor Wickham in 1885 and lived at "Hickory Hill." Her correspondence includes one letter to her father dated 1869, and numerous items of communication with family members, 1896-1948. Some are written or received as a member of the Board of Managers or as president of the Exchange for Woman's Work in Richmond, Va. Many letters are written by George Barksdale Wickham (while attending Virginia Military Institute, Lexington) and Williams Carter Wickham ([1887-1985] while serving in the U.S. Navy), while a letter from Doctor George Ainsley Barksdale itself bears a letter of Margaret (Branch) Glasgow written at Summer Rest resort in Greenwood, VA.

Financial records (boxes 41-42) consist of loose accounts (including numerous canceled checks), 1902-1936, three passbooks on Richmond banks, 1891-1919, and seven check stub books, 1896-1923. Bank statements and canceled checks from 1948-1950 are filed separately. State and federal income and personal property tax forms and returns, 1941-1951, follow.

Farm records at "Hickory Hill" are quite similar to those kept by Henry Taylor Wickham and consist of time sheets, payrolls, produce statements, records of expenditures, and loose accounts arranged by year. Records (including some lease agreements) of investment properties in Richmond managed for Mrs. Wickham by Charles A. Rose Co. in the years 1932, 1942-1945, and 1947-1950, cover income and disbursements for rental properties at 1517-21 West Broad Street, 613-15 North Lombardy Street, 721-23 West Broad Street, 225 North Boulevard, 1319-23 West Broad Street, 1333 West Broad Street, and 2711 Hanover Avenue. Those managed by Elam and Funsten were located at 1309 East Cary Street, 13 North Governor Street, 1417-23 East Cary street, 1301 East Main Street, and 124-30 Virginia Street. Morton G. Thalhimer, Inc., managed the properties at 1319 West Broad Street in 1932 and in 1947-1950.Box 47 contains some miscellaneous items of members of the Barksdale and Warwick families. Mrs. Wickham's ancestors. An account, 1859, of Abraham Warwick with Hunt and Roskell of London bears a draft of a letter of Warwick to that firm, dated 19 November 1860, concerning the unsettled political situation in the American South. A letter of Robert E. Lee, dated 1 June 1866, to Elise Florence (Warwick) Barksdale has been indexed elsewhere. These miscellaneous items also include passports, 1810 and 1854, issued to William Jones Barksdale by William Pinkney (as American minister to great Britain) and William Learned Marcy (as U.S. secretary of state). Newspaper clippings collected by Doctor George Ainsley Barksdale primarily concern Virginia and Confederate military history, while the doctor's scrapbook, 1889-1892, includes a pardon signed by Andrew Johnson and William Henry Seward (p. 15), as well as autograph notes (taken from official C.S.A. documents) of Fitzhugh Lee, John Letcher, James Alexander Seddon, Walter Herron Taylor, and John Withers (p. 92). The scrapbook if filed oversize after Box 47.

Box 48 contains records of the distribution of land at "Brookfield," Henrico County, VA., to the heirs of Abraham (or Abram) Warwick, including a portion of adjoining land that was developed in 1925 as "Lakeside Terrace." Materials include bills of complaint, answers, proceedings, decrees, memoranda, plats, leases, deeds, and notes and correspondence of Henry Taylor Wickham in the related cases of Eliza Agnes (Hayes) Warwick (widow of Abram Warwick v. Peter C. Warwick etal. and Caroline Warwick v. Elise Warwick (Barksdale) Wickham etal.

Mrs. Wickham kept records as an officer of the Ladies' Aid Society of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Hanover County from 1893 to 1916. The organization raised funds for building projects, mission activities, and to supplement the salary of their rector. These records are a few items of correspondence; an account book, 1893, which includes lists of members; a bank pass book, 1893-1894; loose accounts; resolutions of the vestry; and notes.

A visitors'' register, 1930-1961, records the sojourn of guests at "Hickory Hill" and includes the signatures of Admiral William Fredericks Halsey (25 Sept. 1938, 29 July 1942, 14 Nov. 1946, 27 Jan. 1950, and 22 April 1950) and William Munford Tuck (15 April 1939). Mrs. Wickham made many diary-like entries in this volume through these years. Another visitors' register, 1949, was kept on behalf of the Ashland Branch of the Garden Club of Virginia. Miscellany includes a membership certificate, 1896, in the Virginia Society of the Colonial Dames of America; a life membership certificate issued in 1909 by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities; newspaper clippings concerning the Wickham and Barksdale families and "Hickory Hill"; and notes, recipes and lines of verse. Letters, cards and telegrams of condolence sent to Williams Carter Wickham on his mother's death in 1952 complete Box 48.

Series 9 contains materials relating to Henry Taylor Wickham's brother, William Fanning Wickham (1860-1900), who trained to be an attorney and lived for many years at "Hickory Hill." His records surviving in this collection include materials concerning the Hanover Troop (Troop D of the 1st Cavalry Battalion of Virginia Volunteers) consisting of letters (including one from Governor Fitzhugh Lee, 19 July) written to Wickham in 1889, many enclosing bills of lading for military supplies; and oaths of allegiance subscribed to by officers and men of the unit. Wickham's personal miscellany includes two items of correspondence, 1874; loose accounts, 1877 and 1889; notes and records concerning "Hickory Hill" farm, 1886-1888; and materials, 1900, concerning his estate.

Henry and William Wickham's sister, Ann Carter (Wickham) Renshaw Byerly appears throughout the collection, but in Series 10 are gathered only a small number of letters, 1869-1888, written to her by Eleanor Agnes Lee, Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, and William Henry Fitzhugh Lee.

Series 11 contains the papers of Williams Carter Wickham (1887-1985), son of Henry Taylor and Elise Wickham and the last major character to appear in this collection. He attended the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md., and served for many years in the U.S. Navy. During the Second World War he was hospitalized in Denver, Colo., and later Bethesda, Md., and retired on disability in 1945 after reaching the rank of captain.

Captain Wickham's correspondence, 1897-1967, includes communications from Harry Flood Byrd, Richmond attorney Randolph Grayson Dashiell, Admiral William Frederick Halsey, and Wickham's wife, Credilla (Miller) Wickham. Records of his naval service consist of a letter (copy), 1940, of Doctor George Ben Johnston concerning Wickham's physical condition; grade records, 1907, and certificates of graduation, 1909, 1911, from the U.S. Naval Academy; commissions (some signed by Claude Augustus Swanson, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson); a Bachelor of Science degree awarded as a graduate of the Naval Academy in 1938; orders and reports concerning Wickham's naval service, 1941-1943; correspondence and records concerning his disability and retirement, 1944-1949 (including orders signed by James Forrestal); correspondence and records concerning military insurance with the Veterans Administration; commendation for services, 1942-1944, as Convoy Control Officer of the U.S. Tenth Fleet; and an address, n.d., of Wickham to the Hanover County Woman's Club concerning his early years of naval service.Miscellany is comprised of an undated teacher's recommendation signed by E. R. Whitlocke; correspondence and exams of Wickham in the LaSalle Extension University course in law, Chicago, Ill., 1945; lineage charts showing the descent of Williams Carter Wickham for the Virginia Society of Colonial Dames; wedding invitations; a membership certificate, 1912, in the A.P.V.A.; and collected newspaper clippings.

Captain Wickham's younger brother, George Barksdale Wickham (1888-1928), attended Virginia Military Institute and later became a Richmond businessman. His records, in Series 12 of this collection, include school materials, n.d.-1903; grade reports while a student at V.M.I., 1904-1905, 1907; a wedding invitation, 1916; A.P.V.A. certificate, 1912; and obituary notices.

In Series 13, the collection closes with family miscellany (materials of Lawrence Vernon Miller Wickham while service in the U.S. Marine Corps; and a commonplace book, 1973-1977, of Lois (Wingfield) Wickham, widow of Williams Carter Wickham [1917-1982]) and a few items of general miscellany (autograph album, 1877-1889, kept by Carrie Lee Colton in Annapolis and Jessup's Cut, Md.; and correspondence, 1877-1886, of Reverend Pike Powers of Richmond, Va.)