John Atkinson Cunningham was born in 1846 in Richmond, Virginia. Due to his poor health as a child, he was educated at home by a French governess. In 1864, at the age of 18 he enlisted in the Confederate Army and served in Captain Willis Jefferson Dance's Company until the end of the Civil War. Cunningham studied ancient languages and mathematics at the University of Virginia from 1865 to 1868 before moving to Kentucky where he taught at a military academy in New Castle. In 1870, he joined the faculty at the University of Nashville as Chair of the Latin Department. In 1875, he married Florence M. Boyd, of Nashville, with whom he had a son. Shortly thereafter, he moved his family back to Richmond, where his wife died in 1876. In 1877, he became principal of the Madison School in Richmond. Cunningham was married again in 1884 to Martha Macon Eggleston of Cumberland County, Virginia. His second marriage produced three children. In 1887, Cunningham was named president of [then] State Female Normal School in Farmville. During his tenure at the school, he oversaw the construction of several modern brick buildings as well as the installation of electric lighting in 1891. He nearly doubled the faculty and increased enrollment from 90 in 1887 to 250 in 1897. In 1897, Cunningham contracted meningitis and within months succumbed to the illness. The alumnae who graduated from the school during the administration of Cunningham organized a fund with the intention of establishing a scholarship in his memory. When that fund reached the amount of one thousand dollars, it was decided it should be placed under the purview of the President of the school and be utilized as a loan fund for worthy students who were unable to pay their expenses. The Cunningham Memorial Loan Fund remained in existence until the early 1990s.