Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.

Businesses involved in several suits include the Buchanan & Hastie Company (also referred to as Buchanan Hastie & Company and Buchanans Hastie & Company), James McClellan & Company, and the Virginia Land Improvement Company. There are several suits concerning fertilizer businesses, such as the Atlantic & Virginia Fertilizer Company and the Richmond Guano Company.

Commonly found names among the plaintiffs and defendants include Adams, Allen, Almond, Anderson, Armistead (also spelled Armestead), Bacon, Bailey, Baker, Barksdale, Barnes, Beasley (also spelled Beazley), Bedford, Bibb, Booker, Bouldin, Brewer, Broocks, Brooks, Brown, Burge, Callicott (also spelled Callicoat, Callicot, and Callicotte), Cardwell, Carrington, Clark (also spelled Clarke), Cobbs, Cole, Collins, Crenshaw, Dabbs, Daniel, Davis, Dejarnatte (also spelled Dejarnett and Dejarnette), Dickerson, Edmunds, Elam, Elliott, Eudailey (also spelled Eudaley, Eudaly, and Eudiley), Faris, Ferrell, Finch, Ford, Fore, Foster, Franklin (also spelled Franklyn), Friend, Fuqua, Gaines, Gilliam, Goode, Green, Hamlett, Hancock, Hankins, Hannah, Harris, Harvey, Haskins, Hatchett, Henry, Hines, Hundley, Hunt, Jackson, Jameson, Jeffress, Johns, Johnson, Johnston, Jones, Lee, Legrand (also spelled Legrande), Lewis, Ligon (also spelled Liggon), Lipscomb (also spelled Lipscombe), Madison, Marshall, Mason, McCargo, Middleton, Moon, Moore, Morgan, Morton, Moseley, North, Osborne, Overby (also spelled Overbey) Overton, Palmer, Paulett, Pettus, Price, Pugh, Randolph, Rawlins, Read, Redmond, Rice, Richardson, Roberts, Robertson, Robinson, Scott, Smith, Spencer, Tankersley, Tarpley, Taylor, Terry, Thomas, Thompson, Thornton, Vaughan, Venable, Walker, Ward, Watkins, Watson, Weatherford, White, Wilkes, Williams, Wilson, and Womack.