{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1410","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1409","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1411","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1412"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1410,"next_page":1411,"prev_page":1409,"total_pages":1412,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":14090,"total_count":14112,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46"],"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001_c06","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c06","parent_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Series V.: Printed\n               Memorabilia"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893","title_ssm":["YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893"],"title_tesim":["YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893"],"text":["YMCA (Petersburg) \n                  1893","Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Series V.: Printed\n               Memorabilia","Box-folder 15:489"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Series V.: Printed\n               Memorabilia"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Series V.: Printed\n               Memorabilia"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":368,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 15:489"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#45","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:05:55.361Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00001.xml","title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"text":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","1957-3","There are no restrictions.","Series I:Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n         Container: 1 \n         Container: 2 \n         Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II:Financial and legal \n         Container: 3 \n         Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III:Speeches and Writings \n         Containers: 4-7 \n         Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV:Photographs \n         Containers: 8-14 \n         Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V:Printed (Memorabilia) \n         Container: 15 \n         Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI:Scrapbooks \n         Containers: 16-19 \n         Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII:Artifacts \n         Containers: 20-25 \n         Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII:Oversize \n         Container: \n         Maps and Photos","In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.","The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.","There are no restrictions.","The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1957-3"],"unitid_tesim":["1957-3"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n            Virginia State University around 1957."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I:\u003c/emph\u003eCorrespondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 1 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 2 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II:\u003c/emph\u003eFinancial and legal \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 3 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTeaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:\u003c/emph\u003eSpeeches and Writings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 4-7 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFour boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV:\u003c/emph\u003ePhotographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 8-14 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V:\u003c/emph\u003ePrinted (Memorabilia) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 15 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAnnouncements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI:\u003c/emph\u003eScrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 16-19 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSome of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII:\u003c/emph\u003eArtifacts \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 20-25 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHousehold articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII:\u003c/emph\u003eOversize \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMaps and Photos\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I:Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n         Container: 1 \n         Container: 2 \n         Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II:Financial and legal \n         Container: 3 \n         Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III:Speeches and Writings \n         Containers: 4-7 \n         Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV:Photographs \n         Containers: 8-14 \n         Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V:Printed (Memorabilia) \n         Container: 15 \n         Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI:Scrapbooks \n         Containers: 16-19 \n         Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII:Artifacts \n         Containers: 20-25 \n         Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII:Oversize \n         Container: \n         Maps and Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHis story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAfter General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHenry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThen, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAfter he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eNannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhen war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAll black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLast but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":381,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:05:55.361Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c06_c46"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06"],"id":"vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00047","_root_":"vipets_vipets00047","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00047_c04","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00047_c04","parent_ssim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960","Series IV: Printed"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00047","vipets_vipets00047_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938","title_ssm":["YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938"],"title_tesim":["YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938"],"text":["YMCA/YWCA 37 Annual Service \n                  \n                  1937-1938","The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960","Series IV: Printed","Page 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960","Series IV: Printed"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960","Series IV: Printed"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":57,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"containers_ssim":["Page 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#5","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00047","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00047","_root_":"vipets_vipets00047","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00047","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00047.xml","title_ssm":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"title_tesim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"text":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960","vipets00047","200\n         items","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence Some Correspondence, most address\n         business matters.","Series II. Photographs Photographs of school scenes at\n         Virginia State. Most are of the choir. There are also a few\n         personal and family photo's.","Series III. Awards Several Awards presented to Bernice\n         Montague.","Series IV. Printed Pamphlets, Invitations, and Programs of\n         Organizations which The Montagues belonged, Degrees, and a\n         marriage license.","J. Harold Montague was a native of Hartford, Conneticut.\n         His secondary Education was in that city's public schools and\n         the Hartford School of Music. From Hartford he matriculated at\n         Oberlin College, earning a undergraduate degree in Music. Mr.\n         Montague continued his education and received a Master Degree\n         from Syracuse University.","Before coming to Virginia, Mr. Montague was the dean of\n         music at South Carolina State College for four years. Mr.\n         Montague joined the faculty of Virginia State College for\n         Negroes in 1933 as director of the choir and professor of\n         music. He directed the choir and was department chair until\n         his death in 1950.","He was considered to be one of the finest conductors in the\n         area of Acapella choirs in the nation.","J. Harold Montague's career in Music at Virginia State\n         University is documented through photographs.","There are no restrictions.","J. Harold Montague was professor of\n         music at Virginia State University. This group consist of\n         photographs, artifacts and a few news clippings. Acc.\n         #1986-40","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"collection_ssim":["The J.Harold Montague Papers \n         \n         1920-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["vipets00047"],"unitid_tesim":["vipets00047"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["A Gift from the estate of J.\n         Harold Montague"],"creator_ssim":["A Gift from the estate of J.\n         Harold Montague"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["200\n         items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence Some Correspondence, most address\n         business matters.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Photographs Photographs of school scenes at\n         Virginia State. Most are of the choir. There are also a few\n         personal and family photo's.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Awards Several Awards presented to Bernice\n         Montague.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Pamphlets, Invitations, and Programs of\n         Organizations which The Montagues belonged, Degrees, and a\n         marriage license.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Decsription"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence Some Correspondence, most address\n         business matters.","Series II. Photographs Photographs of school scenes at\n         Virginia State. Most are of the choir. There are also a few\n         personal and family photo's.","Series III. Awards Several Awards presented to Bernice\n         Montague.","Series IV. Printed Pamphlets, Invitations, and Programs of\n         Organizations which The Montagues belonged, Degrees, and a\n         marriage license."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Harold Montague was a native of Hartford, Conneticut.\n         His secondary Education was in that city's public schools and\n         the Hartford School of Music. From Hartford he matriculated at\n         Oberlin College, earning a undergraduate degree in Music. Mr.\n         Montague continued his education and received a Master Degree\n         from Syracuse University.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBefore coming to Virginia, Mr. Montague was the dean of\n         music at South Carolina State College for four years. Mr.\n         Montague joined the faculty of Virginia State College for\n         Negroes in 1933 as director of the choir and professor of\n         music. He directed the choir and was department chair until\n         his death in 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe was considered to be one of the finest conductors in the\n         area of Acapella choirs in the nation.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["J. Harold Montague was a native of Hartford, Conneticut.\n         His secondary Education was in that city's public schools and\n         the Hartford School of Music. From Hartford he matriculated at\n         Oberlin College, earning a undergraduate degree in Music. Mr.\n         Montague continued his education and received a Master Degree\n         from Syracuse University.","Before coming to Virginia, Mr. Montague was the dean of\n         music at South Carolina State College for four years. Mr.\n         Montague joined the faculty of Virginia State College for\n         Negroes in 1933 as director of the choir and professor of\n         music. He directed the choir and was department chair until\n         his death in 1950.","He was considered to be one of the finest conductors in the\n         area of Acapella choirs in the nation."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[The Papers of J.Harold Montague], Accession #1986-40 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["[The Papers of J.Harold Montague], Accession #1986-40 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Harold Montague's career in Music at Virginia State\n         University is documented through photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["J. Harold Montague's career in Music at Virginia State\n         University is documented through photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJ. Harold Montague was professor of\n         music at Virginia State University. This group consist of\n         photographs, artifacts and a few news clippings. Acc.\n         #1986-40\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["J. Harold Montague was professor of\n         music at Virginia State University. This group consist of\n         photographs, artifacts and a few news clippings. Acc.\n         #1986-40"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":65,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00047_c04_c06"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"York County","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series C: Negatives"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County","title_ssm":["York County"],"title_tesim":["York County"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County"],"text":["York County","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series C: Negatives","Box-folder 28:24"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series C: Negatives"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series C: Negatives"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1917,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 28:24"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2/components#142","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c03_c143"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935","title_ssm":["York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"title_tesim":["York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"text":["York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","Box-folder 23:28"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1726,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 23:28"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#98","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"York County Court House","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County Court House","title_ssm":["York County Court House"],"title_tesim":["York County Court House"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County Court House"],"text":["York County Court House","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":1734,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#98/components#7","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c08"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building","title_ssm":["York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building"],"title_tesim":["York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building"],"text":["York County Training School -Home\n                        Economics Building","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":1731,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#98/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c05"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown (white) School","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown (white) School","title_ssm":["Yorktown (white) School"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown (white) School"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown (white) School"],"text":["Yorktown (white) School","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series B: African American\n                  Schools in Virginia","York County \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":1728,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#98/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c02_c99_c02"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"You Finish to Begin","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"You Finish to Begin","title_ssm":["You Finish to Begin"],"title_tesim":["You Finish to Begin"],"normalized_title_ssm":["You Finish to Begin"],"text":["You Finish to Begin","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Box-folder 7:26"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":208,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 7:26"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#106","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c107"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series A: Speeches (By\n                  Date)"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966","title_ssm":["You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966"],"title_tesim":["You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966"],"text":["You Finish to Begin \n                     \n                     1966","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series A: Speeches (By\n                  Date)","Box-folder 4:33"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series A: Speeches (By\n                  Date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series A: Speeches (By\n                  Date)"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":85,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 4:33"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#32","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c01_c33"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People","title_ssm":["You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People"],"title_tesim":["You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People"],"normalized_title_ssm":["You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People"],"text":["You Have Ministered To The Needs of My\n                     People","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Box-folder 11:34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":363,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 11:34"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#261","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","1997-77","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c262"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia State University","value":"Virginia State University","hits":14112},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","value":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter 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