{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026page=11\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026page=10\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026page=12\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026page=330\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":11,"next_page":12,"prev_page":10,"total_pages":330,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":100,"total_count":3295,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L), 1911/1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c04"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L)","title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L)"],"title_tesim":["Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L), 1911/1919"],"text":["Appointments and Reappointments, (H-L), 1911/1919","Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919","Box 1","Folder 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward H. 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Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_19.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=umw/vifrem00005.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1919"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"text":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19","College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S.","Collection open for research.","History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.","Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. 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Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President","Russell, Edward H.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. 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A. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHouchen, Grace \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHumphreys, Anne \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJackson, Caroline R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJamison, Lillie H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJones, Margaret \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeller, Edith M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLewis, J. Louise \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarshall, Sarah R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoore, K.C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobinson, John \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSaunders, Lucy \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShewmake, E. F. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmith, C. Mason \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStone, Virginia E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStraith, M. Catherine \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTanner, Grace K. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyler, Mary H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVeech, Annie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Charles R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Nora C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhite, Bernice M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithers, Francis L. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/p\u003e  \u003c/index\u003e\n  "],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistory of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"persname_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. 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Russell Records, 1909-1919","0001",".","Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S.","The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1.","Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty.","Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0001"],"unitid_tesim":["0001"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H."],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred from the President's Office to the University\n                    Archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["18 folders"],"extent_tesim":["18 folders"],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eAppendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eAnthony, Annie I.\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eBlack, Ethel\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eCampbell, Espie\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCarter, Parke D.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, Bessie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, William S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChew, Mary Bailey\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCooke, Roy S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eD., Dora J.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eEyles, Clara E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eForbes, Marion C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFraser, Margaret E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGammon, Mary Somerville\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGoolrick, Virginia M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGraves, Cary\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHamlet, William M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarrison, G.M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHinman, Olive M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHorner, M. A.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHouchen, Grace\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHumphreys, Anne\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJackson, Caroline R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJamison, Lillie H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJones, Margaret\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eKeller, Edith M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eLewis, J. Louise\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMarshall, Sarah R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMoore, K.C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRobinson, John\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSaunders, Lucy\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eShewmake, E. F.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSmith, C. Mason\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStone, Virginia E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStraith, M. Catherine\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTanner, Grace K.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyler, Mary H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVeech, Annie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Charles R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWhite, Bernice M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Nora C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWithers, Francis L.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003c/index\u003e\n"],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident, 1908-1919\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Battlefield. \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e \u003c/abstract\u003e\n            "],"name_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S."],"names_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911/1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S)","title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S)"],"title_tesim":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911/1919"],"text":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911/1919","Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919","Box 1","Folder 5"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1919"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":7,"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_19.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=umw/vifrem00005.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1919"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"text":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19","College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S.","Collection open for research.","History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.","Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President","Russell, Edward H.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creators_ssim":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred from the President's Office to the University Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 18 folders, 2 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 18 folders, 2 document boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex id=\"aspace_c885e589562d134429e8bdc67d5286c1\"\u003e\n    \u003chead\u003eAppendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnthony, Annie I. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBlack, Ethel \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCampbell, Espie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarter, Parke D. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChesley, Bessie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChesley, William S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChew, Mary Bailey \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooke, Roy S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eD., Dora J. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEyles, Clara E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForbes, Marion C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFraser, Margaret E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGammon, Mary Somerville \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoolrick, Virginia M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGraves, Cary \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHamlet, William M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarrison, G.M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHinman, Olive M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHorner, M. A. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHouchen, Grace \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHumphreys, Anne \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJackson, Caroline R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJamison, Lillie H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJones, Margaret \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeller, Edith M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLewis, J. Louise \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarshall, Sarah R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoore, K.C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobinson, John \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSaunders, Lucy \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShewmake, E. F. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmith, C. Mason \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStone, Virginia E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStraith, M. Catherine \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTanner, Grace K. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyler, Mary H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVeech, Annie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Charles R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Nora C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhite, Bernice M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithers, Francis L. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/p\u003e  \u003c/index\u003e\n  "],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistory of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"persname_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President","Russell, Edward H."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05"],"id":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_root_":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919","Series 1: Correspondence, 1911-1919","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911-1919"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_vifrem00005","vifrem_vifrem00005_c01","vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919","title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919"],"title_tesim":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919"],"text":["Appointments and Reappointments, (M-S), 1911-1919","Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919","Series 1: Correspondence, 1911-1919","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911-1919","folder 5"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919","Series 1: Correspondence, 1911-1919","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911-1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919","Series 1: Correspondence, 1911-1919","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911-1919"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":7,"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"containers_ssim":["folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_vifrem00005","ead_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_root_":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_vifrem00005","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/umw/vifrem00005.xml","title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"text":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919","0001",".","Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S.","The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1.","Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty.","Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0001"],"unitid_tesim":["0001"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H."],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred from the President's Office to the University\n                    Archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["18 folders"],"extent_tesim":["18 folders"],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eAppendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eAnthony, Annie I.\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eBlack, Ethel\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eCampbell, Espie\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCarter, Parke D.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, Bessie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, William S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChew, Mary Bailey\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCooke, Roy S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eD., Dora J.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eEyles, Clara E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eForbes, Marion C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFraser, Margaret E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGammon, Mary Somerville\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGoolrick, Virginia M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGraves, Cary\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHamlet, William M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarrison, G.M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHinman, Olive M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHorner, M. A.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHouchen, Grace\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHumphreys, Anne\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJackson, Caroline R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJamison, Lillie H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJones, Margaret\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eKeller, Edith M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eLewis, J. Louise\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMarshall, Sarah R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMoore, K.C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRobinson, John\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSaunders, Lucy\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eShewmake, E. F.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSmith, C. Mason\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStone, Virginia E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStraith, M. Catherine\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTanner, Grace K.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyler, Mary H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVeech, Annie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Charles R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWhite, Bernice M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Nora C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWithers, Francis L.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003c/index\u003e\n"],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident, 1908-1919\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Battlefield. \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e \u003c/abstract\u003e\n            "],"name_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S."],"names_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W), 1911/1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W)","title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W)"],"title_tesim":["Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W), 1911/1919"],"text":["Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W), 1911/1919","Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919","Box 1","Folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","Correspondence, 1911/1919","Correspondence with Faculty and Staff, 1911/1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1919"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":8,"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_19.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=umw/vifrem00005.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1919"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"text":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919","MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19","College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S.","Collection open for research.","History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.","Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President","Russell, Edward H.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0005","/repositories/2/resources/19"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"creators_ssim":["Russell, Edward H.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred from the President's Office to the University Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College presidents -- Virginia","College presidents -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 18 folders, 2 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 18 folders, 2 document boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex id=\"aspace_c885e589562d134429e8bdc67d5286c1\"\u003e\n    \u003chead\u003eAppendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnthony, Annie I. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBlack, Ethel \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCampbell, Espie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarter, Parke D. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChesley, Bessie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChesley, William S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChew, Mary Bailey \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooke, Roy S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eD., Dora J. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEyles, Clara E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForbes, Marion C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFraser, Margaret E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGammon, Mary Somerville \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoolrick, Virginia M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGraves, Cary \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHamlet, William M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarrison, G.M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHinman, Olive M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHorner, M. A. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHouchen, Grace \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHumphreys, Anne \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJackson, Caroline R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJamison, Lillie H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJones, Margaret \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeller, Edith M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLewis, J. Louise \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarshall, Sarah R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoore, K.C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRobinson, John \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSaunders, Lucy \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShewmake, E. F. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmith, C. Mason \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStone, Virginia E. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStraith, M. Catherine \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTanner, Grace K. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyler, Mary H. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVeech, Annie \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Charles R. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWard, Nora C. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhite, Bernice M. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithers, Francis L. \t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/p\u003e  \u003c/index\u003e\n  "],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and Reappointments, 1911-1919\nAnthony, Annie I. \tBlack, Ethel \tCampbell, Espie \tCarter, Parke D. \tChandler, Jr., Algernon B. \tChesley, Bessie \tChesley, William S. \tChew, Mary Bailey \tCooke, Roy S. \tD., Dora J. \tEyles, Clara E. \tForbes, Marion C. \tFraser, Margaret E. \tGammon, Mary Somerville \tGoolrick, Virginia M. \tGraves, Cary \tHamlet, William M. \tHarrison, G.M. \tHinman, Olive M. \tHorner, M. A. \tHouchen, Grace \tHumphreys, Anne \tJackson, Caroline R. \tJamison, Lillie H. \tJones, Margaret \tKeller, Edith M. \tLewis, J. Louise \tMarshall, Sarah R. \tMoore, K.C. \tRobinson, John \tSaunders, Lucy \tShewmake, E. F. \tSmith, C. Mason \tStone, Virginia E. \tStraith, M. Catherine \tTanner, Grace K. \tTyler, Mary H. \tTyner, Bunyan Y. \tVan Landingham, Harry S. \tVeech, Annie \tWard, Charles R. \tWard, Nora C. \tWhite, Bernice M. \tWithers, Francis L. \tYates, Mary S."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistory of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["History of Mary Washington College: 1908-1972, Edward Alvey, Jr., 1996. \"The First President, 1908-1919\", MWC Today. Winter, 1983."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell\nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy, and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system. The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from, including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical, commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution. However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington, where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish influenza on the students and faculty."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Mary Washington. Office of the President"],"persname_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","University of Mary Washington. Office of the President","Russell, Edward H."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:56.007Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_19_c01_c01_c06"}},{"id":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Appointments and Reappointments, (T-W), 1911-1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c06"],"id":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_root_":"vifrem_vifrem00005","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_vifrem00005_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward H. 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Russell Records, 1909-1919","0001",".","Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S.","The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1.","Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956.","The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty.","Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Russell Records, 1909-1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0001"],"unitid_tesim":["0001"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"creator_ssm":["Russell, Edward H."],"creator_ssim":["Russell, Edward H."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred from the President's Office to the University\n                    Archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["18 folders"],"extent_tesim":["18 folders"],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eAppendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eAnthony, Annie I.\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eBlack, Ethel\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n                \u003cindexentry\u003e\n                    \u003cname\u003eCampbell, Espie\u003c/name\u003e\n                    \u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCarter, Parke D.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, Bessie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChesley, William S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eChew, Mary Bailey\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCooke, Roy S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eD., Dora J.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eEyles, Clara E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eForbes, Marion C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFraser, Margaret E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGammon, Mary Somerville\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGoolrick, Virginia M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGraves, Cary\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHamlet, William M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarrison, G.M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHinman, Olive M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHorner, M. A.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHouchen, Grace\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHumphreys, Anne\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJackson, Caroline R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJamison, Lillie H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJones, Margaret\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eKeller, Edith M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eLewis, J. Louise\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMarshall, Sarah R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMoore, K.C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRobinson, John\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSaunders, Lucy\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eShewmake, E. F.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eSmith, C. Mason\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStone, Virginia E.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eStraith, M. Catherine\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTanner, Grace K.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyler, Mary H.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyner, Bunyan Y.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVan Landingham, Harry S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVeech, Annie\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Charles R.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWhite, Bernice M.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWard, Nora C.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWithers, Francis L.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eYates, Mary S.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003c/ref\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003c/index\u003e\n"],"indexes_tesim":["Appendix 1: Appointments and reappointments, 1911-1919 \n                \n                    Anthony, Annie I.\n                    \n\n                \n                    Black, Ethel\n                    \n\n                \n                    Campbell, Espie\n                    \n\n\nCarter, Parke D.\n\n\n\nChandler, Jr., Algernon B.\n\n\n\nChesley, Bessie\n\n\n\nChesley, William S.\n\n\n\nChew, Mary Bailey\n\n\n\nCooke, Roy S.\n\n\n\nD., Dora J.\n\n\n\nEyles, Clara E.\n\n\n\nForbes, Marion C.\n\n\n\nFraser, Margaret E.\n\n\n\nGammon, Mary Somerville\n\n\n\nGoolrick, Virginia M.\n\n\n\nGraves, Cary\n\n\n\nHamlet, William M.\n\n\n\nHarrison, G.M.\n\n\n\nHinman, Olive M.\n\n\n\nHorner, M. A.\n\n\n\nHouchen, Grace\n\n\n\nHumphreys, Anne\n\n\n\nJackson, Caroline R.\n\n\n\nJamison, Lillie H.\n\n\n\nJones, Margaret\n\n\n\nKeller, Edith M.\n\n\n\nLewis, J. Louise\n\n\n\nMarshall, Sarah R.\n\n\n\nMoore, K.C.\n\n\n\nRobinson, John\n\n\n\nSaunders, Lucy\n\n\n\nShewmake, E. F.\n\n\n\nSmith, C. Mason\n\n\n\nStone, Virginia E.\n\n\n\nStraith, M. Catherine\n\n\n\nTanner, Grace K.\n\n\n\nTyler, Mary H.\n\n\n\nTyner, Bunyan Y.\n\n\n\nVan Landingham, Harry S.\n\n\n\nVeech, Annie\n\n\n\nWard, Charles R.\n\n\n\nWhite, Bernice M.\n\n\n\nWard, Nora C.\n\n\n\nWithers, Francis L.\n\n\n\nYates, Mary S."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: (1) Correspondence, (2) Rules and\n                Regulations, (3) Reports, and (4) Examinations, State Teachers. The Correspondence\n                series is comprised of three Subseries: (1.1) Correspondence with faculty and staff,\n                (1.2) Correspondence with the Fredericksburg School Board, and (1.3) Correspondence\n                with students. The appointment and re-appointments correspondence folders (1-6) are\n                arranged alphabetically, with a list of names appearing in Appendix 1."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Russell \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident, 1908-1919\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBased partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eBeyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eDue to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Battlefield. \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eAs the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward H. Russell \nPresident, 1908-1919\nFredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women","Edward Hutson Russell was born in Petersburg, Virginia on November 26, 1869. He\n                graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1891 and studied law at Richmond\n                College until he began teaching. His early teaching career was varied: he served as\n                principal at Pulaski, for two-years as commandant of the Fishburne Military Academy,\n                and as superintendent of schools in Bristol, where he founded and conducted a summer\n                school for teachers at Emory and Henry College. In 1905 he became a member of the\n                State Board of Public School Examiners for the First Circuit that included\n                Fredericksburg. While in Fredericksburg, he again founded and taught a summer school\n                for teachers.","Based partially on his intimate knowledge of the public schools as well as his\n                successful summer institutes for teachers, on May 19, 1908 the Board of Trustees\n                appointed Russell as president of the new Fredericksburg State Normal and Industrial\n                School for Women.","Beyond his responsibilities for establishing the facilities of the school, Russell\n                also set the courses of instruction. He established a regular course that was two to\n                four years of high school level education and a professional course that was a two\n                year normal school course after a high school education. It was Russells hope that\n                as the state established more high schools, the regular course would be reduced by\n                two years. The professional course covered general education, methodology, and\n                student teaching completed in concert with the Fredericksburg Public School system.\n                The program concluded with a teaching certificate issued by the State Board of\n                Examiners.","Due to limited accommodations, admission to the new teacher-training school was\n                competitive; applicants were required to be at least fifteen years old, of good\n                moral character, and possessing a thorough knowledge of subjects taught in the\n                grammar grades of public school. Social standards were equally high. Students were\n                expected to practice self-control and required to wear clothing of simplicity and\n                modesty. Though the school was not affiliated with any single church, Russell\n                extended his policy of discipline to religious worship. Students were expected to\n                attend some church, preferably by the choice of their parents. Aside from\n                church-sponsored entertainment, students had numerous activities to choose from,\n                including sports and clubs. The Russell Literary Society was particularly popular\n                among students, as well as the Student Government Association and the school\n                yearbook, the Battlefield.","As the first president of what is now the University of Mary Washington, Russell\n                supplemented the normal school course of study with curriculum in classical,\n                commercial, and industrial courses, already envisioning a larger institution.\n                However, his ambitious efforts weakened him physically, and ill health forced him to\n                resign the presidency on May 9, 1919. He then moved with his family to Washington,\n                where he entered the real estate business. He died in 1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President. \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eFolder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty. \u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains Edward H. Russell's records from 1909-1919, and principally\n                includes correspondence related to school subjects and personnel; reports to various\n                state education bodies; reports on teachers salaries and summer school; and reports\n                of comparative statistics with other similar institutions. Some reports in this\n                collection were generated by Dean Algernon B. Chandler, Jr. acting on behalf of the\n                President.","Folder 8 contains materials pertaining to the appointment of Hugh S. Bird as head of\n                the Education Department at the Normal School. Also included are progress reports to\n                the Fredericksburg School Board relative to using the Fredericksburg schools for\n                teacher training. Folder 9 contains memos to student employees and memos regarding\n                special privileges of the senior class. Folder 10 contains materials documenting\n                rules and procedures for the new schools library, swimming pool, and housekeeping\n                services. Folder 15 contains various reports to the state board governing the four\n                Normal Schools in Virginia. It also includes reports on the impact of the Spanish\n                influenza on the students and faculty."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e \u003c/abstract\u003e\n            "],"name_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. Catherine","Tanner, Grace K.","Tyler, Mary H.","Tyner, Bunyan Y.","Van Landingham, Harry S.","Veech, Annie","Ward, Charles R.","White, Bernice M.","Ward, Nora C.","Withers, Francis L.","Yates, Mary S."],"names_ssim":["Anthony, Annie I.","Black, Ethel","Campbell, Espie","Carter, Parke D.","Chandler, Jr., Algernon B.","Chesley, Bessie","Chesley, William S.","Chew, Mary Bailey","Cooke, Roy S.","D., Dora J.","Eyles, Clara E.","Forbes, Marion C.","Fraser, Margaret E.","Gammon, Mary Somerville","Goolrick, Virginia M.","Graves, Cary","Hamlet, William M.","Harrison, G.M.","Hinman, Olive M.","Horner, M. A.","Houchen, Grace","Humphreys, Anne","Jackson, Caroline R.","Jamison, Lillie H.","Jones, Margaret","Keller, Edith M.","Lewis, J. Louise","Marshall, Sarah R.","Moore, K.C.","Robinson, John","Saunders, Lucy","Shewmake, E. F.","Smith, C. Mason","Stone, Virginia E.","Straith, M. 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Farmer, Jr. Papers, 1965/1999","MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. 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He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton.","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. 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In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965.","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton.","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. 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Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. 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Farmer, Jr. Papers, 1965/1999","MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. 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In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton.","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. 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Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. 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