{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47407\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47409\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47432\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47408,"next_page":47409,"prev_page":47407,"total_pages":47432,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":474070,"total_count":474319,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04248_c06_c49","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04248_c06_c49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04248_c06_c49","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04248_c06_c49"],"id":"vi_vi04248_c06_c49","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04248","_root_":"vi_vi04248","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04248_c06","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04248_c06","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04248","vi_vi04248_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04248","vi_vi04248_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927","Series VI:  Surveys, Plats, and Notes ."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927","Series VI:  Surveys, Plats, and Notes ."],"text":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927","Series VI:  Surveys, Plats, and Notes .","Y-Z.","box 4","folder 5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z.","title_ssm":["Y-Z."],"title_tesim":["Y-Z."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":69,"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#48","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:12:31.304Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04248","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04248","_root_":"vi_vi04248","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04248","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04248.xml","title_ssm":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927\n"],"title_tesim":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["45118\n"],"text":["45118\n","Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927","1.8 cubic feet and 4 boxes","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I:  Letters, 1882-1918 and no date Series II:  Accounts and Receipts, 1881-1916 and no date Series III:  Judicial and Legal Papers Series IV:  Miscellaneous Papers Series V:  Land Warrants, 1883-1884 Series VI:  Survey, Plats, and Notes","Charles Williams Switzer was born 16 February 1854 in Botetourt County, Virginia, to George Washington Switzer (1813-1870) and Sarah Ann Finch Switzer (1813-1897). Switzer was surveyor for Botetourt County from 1889-1928. He married Mary Virginia Burger (1857-1946) and they had thirteen children. Switzer died 6 February 1928 in Botetourt County and was buried in New Zion Hill Cemetery.\n","Papers, 1881-1927, of Charles Williams Switzer (1854-1928) of Botetourt County, Virginia, consisting of surveys, deeds, and plats for real property in Botetourt, Alleghany, Craig, and Rockbridge Counties; land warrants for land acquired in Botetourt County; accounts, receipts, judicial and legal papers, election tallies, drafts, poems, and advertisements.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["45118\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Williams Switzer papers, \n 1881-1927"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Charles Williams Switzer\n"],"creator_ssim":["Charles Williams Switzer\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Jerry Craig of Waynesboro, Virginia.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cubic feet and 4 boxes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I:  Letters, 1882-1918 and no date\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II:  Accounts and Receipts, 1881-1916 and no date\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III:  Judicial and Legal Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Miscellaneous Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V:  Land Warrants, 1883-1884\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI:  Survey, Plats, and Notes\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I:  Letters, 1882-1918 and no date Series II:  Accounts and Receipts, 1881-1916 and no date Series III:  Judicial and Legal Papers Series IV:  Miscellaneous Papers Series V:  Land Warrants, 1883-1884 Series VI:  Survey, Plats, and Notes"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Williams Switzer was born 16 February 1854 in Botetourt County, Virginia, to George Washington Switzer (1813-1870) and Sarah Ann Finch Switzer (1813-1897). Switzer was surveyor for Botetourt County from 1889-1928. He married Mary Virginia Burger (1857-1946) and they had thirteen children. Switzer died 6 February 1928 in Botetourt County and was buried in New Zion Hill Cemetery.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Williams Switzer was born 16 February 1854 in Botetourt County, Virginia, to George Washington Switzer (1813-1870) and Sarah Ann Finch Switzer (1813-1897). Switzer was surveyor for Botetourt County from 1889-1928. He married Mary Virginia Burger (1857-1946) and they had thirteen children. Switzer died 6 February 1928 in Botetourt County and was buried in New Zion Hill Cemetery.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1881-1927, of Charles Williams Switzer (1854-1928) of Botetourt County, Virginia, consisting of surveys, deeds, and plats for real property in Botetourt, Alleghany, Craig, and Rockbridge Counties; land warrants for land acquired in Botetourt County; accounts, receipts, judicial and legal papers, election tallies, drafts, poems, and advertisements.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1881-1927, of Charles Williams Switzer (1854-1928) of Botetourt County, Virginia, consisting of surveys, deeds, and plats for real property in Botetourt, Alleghany, Craig, and Rockbridge Counties; land warrants for land acquired in Botetourt County; accounts, receipts, judicial and legal papers, election tallies, drafts, poems, and advertisements.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":83,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:12:31.304Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04248_c06_c49"}},{"id":"vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208"],"id":"vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00990","_root_":"vi_vi00990","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00990","vi_vi00990_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c02","vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05","vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00990","vi_vi00990_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c02","vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05","vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries B. General Correspondence,   1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV.B.V. Superintendent Rice M. Youell,  1920-1942.","B.V.5. 1931-1934."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries B. General Correspondence,   1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV.B.V. Superintendent Rice M. Youell,  1920-1942.","B.V.5. 1931-1934."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries B. General Correspondence,   1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV.B.V. Superintendent Rice M. Youell,  1920-1942.","B.V.5. 1931-1934.","Y-Z.","box 438","folder 7"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z.  \n \t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z.  \n \t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z.  \n \t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z."],"component_level_isim":[5],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1636,"containers_ssim":["box 438","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#4/components#4/components#207","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:13:48.372Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00990","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00990","_root_":"vi_vi00990","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00990","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00990.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)\n"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["41558\n"],"text":["41558\n","Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","210.56 cubic feet (696 boxes and 1 map case drawer) and 290 volumes","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865 Subseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799 Subseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819 Subseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820 Subseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820 Subseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824 Subseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865","Series II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990 Subseries A. Registers, 1865-1990 Subseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966 Subseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896 Subseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949 Subseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970","Series III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939 Subseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906 Subseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940 Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940 Subseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982) Subseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980 Subseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931 Subseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)","Series V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949) Subseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949) Subseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938 Subseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941 Subseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937","Series VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922) Subseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923 Subseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925 Subseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924 Subseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937","Series VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)","Series VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984","In December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n","Two of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n","Latrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n","","","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["41558\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Penitentiary\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Penitentiary\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Records of the Virginia Penitentiary came to the Library of Virginia in over 40 separate accessions.  In July 2004, the Penitentiary records were combined into one accession (41558).\n","Accession 22801, Account Books, Criminal Charges, 1886-1903. Transfer information unavailable, accessioned 1948.\n","Accession 26162, Virginia Penitentiary, Board of Directors, Minutes, 1881-1942.  Transferred from the Virginia Dept. of Welfare, 25 August 1964; accessioned 25 August 1964.\n","Accession 27951, Records, State Lime Grinding Plant No. 1, Staunton, 1914-1937.  Transferred by Henry H. Budd, Dept. of Agriculture and Commerce, Division of Administration, Richmond, Va., 9 March 1973; accessioned 14 March 1973\n","Accession 27979, Rules and Regulations, 1802.  Gift of Carroll Hart, Dept. of Archives and History, Atlanta, Georgia , 8 May 1973; accessioned 8 May 1973.\n","Accession 29347, Registers, Register Indexes, and Medical Registers, 16 volumes.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 26 January 1977; accessioned 26 January 1977.\n","Accession 29399, Medical Registers, 1902-1965, 26 volumes.  Transferred from the Virginia State Penitentiary, 26 April 1977; accessioned 25 February 1979.\n","Accession 30468, Death Register, 1926-1951, 1 volume.  Transferred from the Virginia State Penitentiary, 30 June 1979; accessioned 30 June 1979. \n","Accession 30767, Fiscal Records, 1921-1970, 21 volumes.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 14 February 1980; accessioned 21 May 1980.\n","Accession 30769, Inmate Index Cards, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949, 2 cubic feet.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 21 February 1980; accessioned 21 May 1980.\n","Accession 30770, Register of Convicts, 1876-1884, 1 volume.  Received from Greer Fullerton, Sr., Museum Coordinator.  Academy for Staff Development, PO Box 2215, Waynesboro, Va, 10 September 1979.\n","Accession 31429, General Correspondence, 1890-1921.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 21 June 1982. \n","Accession 31430, Penitentiary Registers and Ledgers,  1895-1972, 23 volumes.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 21 June 1982.\n","Accession 31435, Letter, 1910.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 24 June 1982.\n","Accession 31520, State Farm Records, 1956-1974, 13 items.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 5 October 1982; accessioned 5 October 1982.\n","Accession 31816, Inmate Photographs and Negatives, 1914, 1934-1961.  Transferred by Fleur L. Dorschel, File Maintenance and Storage, Dept. of Corrections, 24 June 1983; accessioned 30 June 1983.\n","Accession 31910, General Ledger and Journal Entries, 1974-1979. Transferred by Glenda J. Adams, Accounting Department, Virginia State Penitentiary, 14 October 1983; accessioned 26 October 1983.\n","Accession 33674, General Records, 1912-1963, 12 items.  No acquistion information available; accessioned  1989.\n","Accession 35176, Ledgers and Registers, 43 volumes.  Transferred by Julian V. Pugh, Central Criminal Records, Dept. of Corrections, 8 June 1981; accessioned 17 November 1997.\n","Accession 35177, Registers, 1902-1971, 4 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 18 November 1997.\n","Accession 35178, Registers, 1865-1908, 1951-1956, 9 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned November 1997.\n","Accession 35179, Virginia Penitentiary, Board of Directors, Minutes, 1874-1877, 1 volume.  No acquistion information available; accesioned 20 November 1997.\n","Accession 35180, Daybook, 1817-1818.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 November 1997.\n","Accession 35182, Virginia Penitentiary.  Board of Inspectors, Proceedings, 1800-1803.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 24 November 1997.\n","Accession 35183, Transporation Checklist, 1879-1881, 1 volume.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 November 1997.\n","Accession 35184, Virginia Penitentiary.  Board of Visitors, 1807-1816.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 November 1997.\n","Accession 37333, Papers, 1823-1841.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 23 May 2000.\n","Accession 37432, Superintendent's Records, 1893-1966, 40.2 cu. ft. and 1 volume.  Transferred by J.P. Mitchell, Warden, State Penitentiary, Richmond, Virginia, 28 August 1979; accessioned 30 June 2000.\n","Accession 37440, Records, 1972-1980, 12 volumes.  Transferred by Paul Keve, Virginia Commonwealth University, 30 June 1982; accessioned 11 July 2000.\n","Accession 37475, Accounts with A. and S. H. Smith, Agents at Staunton, 1811-1814.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 July 2000.\n","Accession 37489, Papers concerning Board of Visitors, prisoners, prison conditions and investigations, and penitentiary finances, 1798-1824.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 July 2000.\n","Accession 37539, Penitentiary construction papers, 1797-1799.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 9 August 2000.\n","Accession 37567, Miscellaneous records, 1812-1863.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 16 August 2000.\n","Accession 37603, Inmate Negatives, 1934-1938, 2.88 cu. ft..  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 August 2000.\n","Accession 37685, Daybook, 1933-1940, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 September 2000.\n","Accession 37686, Letter book, 1895-1903, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 22 September 2000.\n","Accession 37688, Monthly Reports, 1892-1912, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 27 September 2000.\n","Accession 37718, Accounts and invoices of goods manufactured at the penitentiary, 1864-1865.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 October 2000.\n","Accession 37722, Indexes, 2 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 37723, Index, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 37725, Indexes to Prisoner Registers, 3 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 38067, General Records, 1865-1950, 41 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 8 June 1982.\n","Accession 38101, Appointments of Keeper, 1796-1819.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38103, Execution Files, 1908-1970, 5.63 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38104, Reports, 1903-1984, 1.45 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38106, Financial Records, 1880-1980, 14 cu. ft. and 29 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38107, Records, 1906-1937, 16.5 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38108, Glass Plate Negatives of Convicts, 1906-1914, 19 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38109, Superintendent's Correspondence, undated, 0.375 cu. ft.  No acquistion information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38110, Inmate Photographs, 1965-1966, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38214, Treatment Register, 1910-1920, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 12 July 2001.\n","Accession 38651, Records, 1873-1990, 10 cu. ft. and 7 volumes.  Transferred by Paul Henick, Dept. of Corrections, Richmond, Va., 30 November 2001; accessioned 30 November 2001.\n","Accession 40350, Index Cards, 1917-1965, 2.04 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 18 February 2003.\n","Accession 41991, Prisoner photographs, negatives and interpositives, 1938-1961.  Records duplicated from originals held by Library of Virginia by Northeast Document Conservation Center, 2005-2007.\n","Accession 53859, Execution Register, 1909-1951. Transfered by the Virginia Dept. of Corrections, Richmond, Va.; accessioned 13 April 2023.\n","Accession 42742, Raymond Muncy records, 1987-1991.  Gift of R.M. Oliver, Richmond, Va., 14 July 2006; accessioned 14 July 2006. These records are no longer at the Library of Virginia. These were returned to the Virginia Department of Corrections on 26 January 2023. On 16 June 2023, the Department of Corrections returned four boxes (481-484) of this accession to the Library of Virginia. The execution files (boxes 479 and 480) remain in the custody of the Dept. of Corrections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["210.56 cubic feet (696 boxes and 1 map case drawer) and 290 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Registers, 1865-1990\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865 Subseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799 Subseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819 Subseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820 Subseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820 Subseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824 Subseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865","Series II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990 Subseries A. Registers, 1865-1990 Subseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966 Subseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896 Subseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949 Subseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970","Series III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939 Subseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906 Subseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940 Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940 Subseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982) Subseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980 Subseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931 Subseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)","Series V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949) Subseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949) Subseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938 Subseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941 Subseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937","Series VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922) Subseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923 Subseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925 Subseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924 Subseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937","Series VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)","Series VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLatrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["In December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n","Two of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n","Latrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"/\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3835,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:13:48.372Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00990_c04_c02_c05_c05_c208"}},{"id":"vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70"],"id":"vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00990","_root_":"vi_vi00990","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00990","vi_vi00990_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00990","vi_vi00990_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c04","vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor,  1915-1916, 1921-1940.","Governor E. Lee Trinkle,\n\t 1922-1926 ."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor,  1915-1916, 1921-1940.","Governor E. Lee Trinkle,\n\t 1922-1926 ."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent,  1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970).","Series IV. Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor,  1915-1916, 1921-1940.","Governor E. Lee Trinkle,\n\t 1922-1926 .","Y-Z.","box 544","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z.  \n \t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z.  \n \t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z.  \n \t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z."],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2375,"containers_ssim":["box 544","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#3/components#2/components#69","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:13:48.372Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00990","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00990","_root_":"vi_vi00990","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00990","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00990.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)\n"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["41558\n"],"text":["41558\n","Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)","210.56 cubic feet (696 boxes and 1 map case drawer) and 290 volumes","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865 Subseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799 Subseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819 Subseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820 Subseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820 Subseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824 Subseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865","Series II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990 Subseries A. Registers, 1865-1990 Subseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966 Subseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896 Subseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949 Subseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970","Series III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939 Subseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906 Subseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940 Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940 Subseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982) Subseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980 Subseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931 Subseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)","Series V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949) Subseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949) Subseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938 Subseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941 Subseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937","Series VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922) Subseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923 Subseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925 Subseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924 Subseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937","Series VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)","Series VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984","In December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n","Two of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n","Latrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n","","","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["41558\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, \n 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Penitentiary\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Penitentiary\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Records of the Virginia Penitentiary came to the Library of Virginia in over 40 separate accessions.  In July 2004, the Penitentiary records were combined into one accession (41558).\n","Accession 22801, Account Books, Criminal Charges, 1886-1903. Transfer information unavailable, accessioned 1948.\n","Accession 26162, Virginia Penitentiary, Board of Directors, Minutes, 1881-1942.  Transferred from the Virginia Dept. of Welfare, 25 August 1964; accessioned 25 August 1964.\n","Accession 27951, Records, State Lime Grinding Plant No. 1, Staunton, 1914-1937.  Transferred by Henry H. Budd, Dept. of Agriculture and Commerce, Division of Administration, Richmond, Va., 9 March 1973; accessioned 14 March 1973\n","Accession 27979, Rules and Regulations, 1802.  Gift of Carroll Hart, Dept. of Archives and History, Atlanta, Georgia , 8 May 1973; accessioned 8 May 1973.\n","Accession 29347, Registers, Register Indexes, and Medical Registers, 16 volumes.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 26 January 1977; accessioned 26 January 1977.\n","Accession 29399, Medical Registers, 1902-1965, 26 volumes.  Transferred from the Virginia State Penitentiary, 26 April 1977; accessioned 25 February 1979.\n","Accession 30468, Death Register, 1926-1951, 1 volume.  Transferred from the Virginia State Penitentiary, 30 June 1979; accessioned 30 June 1979. \n","Accession 30767, Fiscal Records, 1921-1970, 21 volumes.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 14 February 1980; accessioned 21 May 1980.\n","Accession 30769, Inmate Index Cards, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949, 2 cubic feet.  Transferred from the Dept. of Corrections, 21 February 1980; accessioned 21 May 1980.\n","Accession 30770, Register of Convicts, 1876-1884, 1 volume.  Received from Greer Fullerton, Sr., Museum Coordinator.  Academy for Staff Development, PO Box 2215, Waynesboro, Va, 10 September 1979.\n","Accession 31429, General Correspondence, 1890-1921.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 21 June 1982. \n","Accession 31430, Penitentiary Registers and Ledgers,  1895-1972, 23 volumes.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 21 June 1982.\n","Accession 31435, Letter, 1910.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 8 June 1982; accessioned 24 June 1982.\n","Accession 31520, State Farm Records, 1956-1974, 13 items.  Gift of Paul W. Keve, School of Community Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 5 October 1982; accessioned 5 October 1982.\n","Accession 31816, Inmate Photographs and Negatives, 1914, 1934-1961.  Transferred by Fleur L. Dorschel, File Maintenance and Storage, Dept. of Corrections, 24 June 1983; accessioned 30 June 1983.\n","Accession 31910, General Ledger and Journal Entries, 1974-1979. Transferred by Glenda J. Adams, Accounting Department, Virginia State Penitentiary, 14 October 1983; accessioned 26 October 1983.\n","Accession 33674, General Records, 1912-1963, 12 items.  No acquistion information available; accessioned  1989.\n","Accession 35176, Ledgers and Registers, 43 volumes.  Transferred by Julian V. Pugh, Central Criminal Records, Dept. of Corrections, 8 June 1981; accessioned 17 November 1997.\n","Accession 35177, Registers, 1902-1971, 4 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 18 November 1997.\n","Accession 35178, Registers, 1865-1908, 1951-1956, 9 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned November 1997.\n","Accession 35179, Virginia Penitentiary, Board of Directors, Minutes, 1874-1877, 1 volume.  No acquistion information available; accesioned 20 November 1997.\n","Accession 35180, Daybook, 1817-1818.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 November 1997.\n","Accession 35182, Virginia Penitentiary.  Board of Inspectors, Proceedings, 1800-1803.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 24 November 1997.\n","Accession 35183, Transporation Checklist, 1879-1881, 1 volume.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 November 1997.\n","Accession 35184, Virginia Penitentiary.  Board of Visitors, 1807-1816.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 November 1997.\n","Accession 37333, Papers, 1823-1841.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 23 May 2000.\n","Accession 37432, Superintendent's Records, 1893-1966, 40.2 cu. ft. and 1 volume.  Transferred by J.P. Mitchell, Warden, State Penitentiary, Richmond, Virginia, 28 August 1979; accessioned 30 June 2000.\n","Accession 37440, Records, 1972-1980, 12 volumes.  Transferred by Paul Keve, Virginia Commonwealth University, 30 June 1982; accessioned 11 July 2000.\n","Accession 37475, Accounts with A. and S. H. Smith, Agents at Staunton, 1811-1814.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 July 2000.\n","Accession 37489, Papers concerning Board of Visitors, prisoners, prison conditions and investigations, and penitentiary finances, 1798-1824.  Acquired prior to 1905.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 July 2000.\n","Accession 37539, Penitentiary construction papers, 1797-1799.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 9 August 2000.\n","Accession 37567, Miscellaneous records, 1812-1863.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 16 August 2000.\n","Accession 37603, Inmate Negatives, 1934-1938, 2.88 cu. ft..  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 August 2000.\n","Accession 37685, Daybook, 1933-1940, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 21 September 2000.\n","Accession 37686, Letter book, 1895-1903, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 22 September 2000.\n","Accession 37688, Monthly Reports, 1892-1912, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 27 September 2000.\n","Accession 37718, Accounts and invoices of goods manufactured at the penitentiary, 1864-1865.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 25 October 2000.\n","Accession 37722, Indexes, 2 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 37723, Index, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 37725, Indexes to Prisoner Registers, 3 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 26 October 2000.\n","Accession 38067, General Records, 1865-1950, 41 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 8 June 1982.\n","Accession 38101, Appointments of Keeper, 1796-1819.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38103, Execution Files, 1908-1970, 5.63 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38104, Reports, 1903-1984, 1.45 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38106, Financial Records, 1880-1980, 14 cu. ft. and 29 volumes.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38107, Records, 1906-1937, 16.5 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38108, Glass Plate Negatives of Convicts, 1906-1914, 19 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38109, Superintendent's Correspondence, undated, 0.375 cu. ft.  No acquistion information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38110, Inmate Photographs, 1965-1966, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 17 May 2001.\n","Accession 38214, Treatment Register, 1910-1920, 1 volume.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 12 July 2001.\n","Accession 38651, Records, 1873-1990, 10 cu. ft. and 7 volumes.  Transferred by Paul Henick, Dept. of Corrections, Richmond, Va., 30 November 2001; accessioned 30 November 2001.\n","Accession 40350, Index Cards, 1917-1965, 2.04 cu. ft.  No acquisition information available; accessioned 18 February 2003.\n","Accession 41991, Prisoner photographs, negatives and interpositives, 1938-1961.  Records duplicated from originals held by Library of Virginia by Northeast Document Conservation Center, 2005-2007.\n","Accession 53859, Execution Register, 1909-1951. Transfered by the Virginia Dept. of Corrections, Richmond, Va.; accessioned 13 April 2023.\n","Accession 42742, Raymond Muncy records, 1987-1991.  Gift of R.M. Oliver, Richmond, Va., 14 July 2006; accessioned 14 July 2006. These records are no longer at the Library of Virginia. These were returned to the Virginia Department of Corrections on 26 January 2023. On 16 June 2023, the Department of Corrections returned four boxes (481-484) of this accession to the Library of Virginia. The execution files (boxes 479 and 480) remain in the custody of the Dept. of Corrections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["210.56 cubic feet (696 boxes and 1 map case drawer) and 290 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Registers, 1865-1990\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\n          \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984\u003c/emph\u003e\n        \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Penitentiary Papers, 1796-1865 Subseries A. Penitentiary Construction Papers, 1797-1799 Subseries B. Letters of Application and Recommendation for Positions of Penitentiary Keeper, Agent and Physician, 1796-1797, 1812-1916 and 1819 Subseries C. Board of Inspectors and Visitors, 1800-1820 Subseries D. Prisoners, 1798-1820 Subseries E. Prison Conditions and Investigations, 1800-1824 Subseries F. Penitentiary Financial Records, 1800-1865","Series II. Prisoner Records, 1865-1990 Subseries A. Registers, 1865-1990 Subseries B. Photographs and Negatives, 1906-1961, 1965-1966 Subseries C. Penitentiary Commitment Orders, 1865-1896 Subseries D. Inmate Index Cards for Felons, 1914, 1919, 1921-1949 Subseries E. Execution Files, 1908-1970","Series III. Board of Directors (State Prison Board), 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries A. Minutes, 1874-1877, 1881-1942 Subseries B. Correspondence and Reports, 1902-1939 Subseries C. Annual Reports, 1877-1942","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent, 1869-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries A. Letter Books, ca. 1871-1906 Subseries B. General Correspondence, 1892-1991 (bulk 1908-1970) Subseries C. State Convict Road Force, 1906-1940 Subseries D. Correspondence, Office of the Governor, 1915-1916, 1921-1940 Subseries E. Reports and Publications, 1921-1982 (bulk 1941-1982) Subseries F. Guard Logs, Virginia Penitentiary, 1972-1980 Subseries G. Reference Books, 1869-1931 Subseries H. Photographs, 1976-1989 (bulk 1976-1979)","Series V. State Convict Road Force, 1904-1965 (bulk 1906-1949) Subseries A. Prisoner Records, 1904-1965 (bulk 1910-1949) Subseries B. Diaries, 1936-1938 Subseries C. Correspondence, 1910, 1912, 1919-1930, 1933-1941 Subseries D. Financial Records, 1906-1937","Series VI. State Convict Lime Grinding Board, 1914-1934, 1937 (bulk 1914-1922) Subseries A. Minutes, 1914-1921, 1923 Subseries B. Correspondence, 1914-1925 Subseries C. Financial Records, 1914-1924 Subseries D. Records from the Dept. of Agriculture and Commerece, 1914-1934, 1937","Series VII. Financial Records, 1879-1881, 1884-1980 (bulk 1895-1933)","Series VIII. Blueprints and Drawings, 1940-1984"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLatrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["In December 1796 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation authorizing the construction of a penitentiary and providing details on its design and operation.  Governor James Wood (1796-1799) selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe as architect and Thomas Callis as superintendent of the project.  A twelve acre plot of land on the James River just outside of Richmond was purchased and construction began in 1797.\n","The Virginia Penitentiary opened in 1800.  Latrobe's design, while architecturally impressive, was functionally flawed.  The cells were large enough to hold several prisoners.  However, the cell doors had no windows making it impossible to supervise the prisoners.  In addition, the cells had no heat, poor ventilation and no plumbing.  Prisoners also had to eat in these conditions since the penitentiary did not have a dining room.  The penitentiary's day-to-day operation was overseen by a Keeper (or Superintendent), appointed by the Governor for a one year term, and deputies appointed by the Keeper.  A board of twelve inspectors, appointed by the Hustings Court of the City of Richmond, oversaw  penitentiary operations.  In 1819 the General Assembly abolished the Board of Inspectors and created a five person Board of Directors  (later reduced to three members) who were appointed by the governor; the Keeper was still appointed by the governor.  An 1852 act gave the General Assembly the power to elect a superintendent for a two year term.  The 1902 Constitution expanded the Board of Directors to five members and empowered the Board, not the General Assembly, to select the Superintendent for a four year term..  In 1942 the Virginia General Assembly created the Virginia Department of Corrections, consolidating the administration and regulation of all penal and correctional intuitions under one agency lead by the Commissioner of Corrections.  This new department was overseen by a five member Board of Corrections.  Corrections departments were merged into the Department of Welfare and Institutions by a government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly in 1948.  In 1974 the Department of Welfare and Institutions was abolished and a new Department of Corrections was created.\n","Two of the most influential superintendents were Evan F. Morgan (1906-1909) and Rice M. Youell (1922-1942).  In 1906 Morgan established the State Convict Road Force to assist the new State Highway Commission build roads in Virginia.  Beginning in 1908, all executions were centralized at the Virginia Penitentiary.  Morgan oversaw the installation of the electric chair and established procedures for executions.  Youell was the longest serving of any superintendent at the Virginia Penitentiary.  He served as superintendent from 1922 to 1942.  During this tenure he greatly expanded educational and vocational opportunities for inmates.  He successfully transitioned the Penitentiary's industries to meet the requirements of the federal Hawes-Cooper Convict Labor Act of 1929.  This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of prison goods and went into effect in 1934.  The General Assembly passed legislation in 1934 which established the state-use principle regarding prison products created by convict labor.  The law specified that prison industries should only produce items needed by state agencies or political subdivisions.  Youell was selected as the first Commissioner of Corrections in 1942.  In 1948 he was named director of the reorganized corrections division, a position he held until his retirement in 1960.  Major Youell was elected president of the American Prison Association in 1937 and president of the Southern States Prison Association in 1955.\n","Latrobe's original structure was torn down in 1928.  The Virginia Penitentiary closed in December 1990 and was torn down in 1992.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Penitentiary collection contains a wide variety of bound volumes and paper records spanning nearly 200 years (1796-1991; bulk 1906-1970).  Included are administrative records such as annual reports, correspondence, office and subject files, minute books, photographs, blueprints, as well as specific records related to the State Convict Road Force and State Convict Lime Grinding Board.  Also included are financial records such as account books, cash books, ledgers, payrolls, and receipt books.  The prisoner related records include:  prisoner registers, photographs and negatives, medical records, commitment orders, punishment records, escape reports, index cards and execution files.  The records of the Virginia Penitentiary document the institutions' operational history, prisoners and the evolution of corrections in Virginia.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"/\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3835,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:13:48.372Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00990_c04_c04_c03_c70"}},{"id":"vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46","ref_ssm":["vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46"],"id":"vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06022","_root_":"vi_vi06022","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06022_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi06022_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi06022","vi_vi06022_c01","vi_vi06022_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi06022","vi_vi06022_c01","vi_vi06022_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021","Series I: Requisitions, 2018-2021 .","2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021","Series I: Requisitions, 2018-2021 .","2019"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021","Series I: Requisitions, 2018-2021 .","2019","Y-Z","box 14","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z","title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":99,"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#45","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:17:52.954Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06022","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06022","_root_":"vi_vi06022","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06022","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06022.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021\n"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["53502\n"],"text":["53502\n","Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Requisitions, 2018-2021; and Series II: Renditions, 2018-2021.","The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions. Additional activities include: serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency.","Records, 2018-2021, consisting of extradition requisitions and renditions of the Secretary of the Commonwealth served during the tenure of Governor Ralph Northam (2018-2022). The files are arranged into two series: requisitions and renditions. A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction. A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction. The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. The collection is housed in thirty-seven boxes.","A typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive. The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant. Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.","A typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual. The request for extradition usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor. Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive. Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.","The records from this collection must be reviewed by staff for personal and medical privacy protected information before serving. Both requisitions and renditions may include privacy protected information such as social security and fingerprints, and case, penitentiary, and arrest records.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["53502\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Extradition Requisition and Rendition Files, \n 2018-2021"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Secretary of the Commonwealth. \n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Secretary of the Commonwealth. \n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred on 7 January 2022 from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Patrick Henry Building, 1111 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.95 cu. ft.(37 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["12.95 cu. ft.(37 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Requisitions, 2018-2021; and\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Renditions, 2018-2021.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Requisitions, 2018-2021; and Series II: Renditions, 2018-2021."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions. Additional activities include: serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions. Additional activities include: serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 2018-2021, consisting of extradition requisitions and renditions of the Secretary of the Commonwealth served during the tenure of Governor Ralph Northam (2018-2022). The files are arranged into two series: requisitions and renditions. A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction. A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction. The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. The collection is housed in thirty-seven boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive. The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant. Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual. The request for extradition usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor. Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive. Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records from this collection must be reviewed by staff for personal and medical privacy protected information before serving. Both requisitions and renditions may include privacy protected information such as social security and fingerprints, and case, penitentiary, and arrest records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 2018-2021, consisting of extradition requisitions and renditions of the Secretary of the Commonwealth served during the tenure of Governor Ralph Northam (2018-2022). The files are arranged into two series: requisitions and renditions. A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction. A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction. The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. The collection is housed in thirty-seven boxes.","A typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive. The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant. Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.","A typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual. The request for extradition usually includes: copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor. Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive. Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.","The records from this collection must be reviewed by staff for personal and medical privacy protected information before serving. Both requisitions and renditions may include privacy protected information such as social security and fingerprints, and case, penitentiary, and arrest records."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":300,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:17:52.954Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06022_c01_c02_c46"}},{"id":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40"],"id":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01954","_root_":"vi_vi01954","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01954","vi_vi01954_c02","vi_vi01954_c02_c01","vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01954","vi_vi01954_c02","vi_vi01954_c02_c01","vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2002"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2002"],"text":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2002","Y-Z","box 22","folder 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z\n\t\t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z\n\t\t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z\n\t\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":206,"containers_ssim":["box 22","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0/components#39","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:52.898Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01954","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01954","_root_":"vi_vi01954","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01954","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01954.xml","title_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005\n"],"title_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42396\n"],"text":["42396\n","Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","35.37 cubic feet (101 Boxes)","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005) Series II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005 Series III. Legislative Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)","Timothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.","Kaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026 Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.","On 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella.","The Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026 Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42396\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Lieutenant Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Lieutenant Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Office of the Lieutenant Governor on 1 January 2006.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["35.37 cubic feet (101 Boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Legislative Files \u0026amp; Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005) Series II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005 Series III. Legislative Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTimothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026amp; Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Timothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.","Kaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026 Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.","On 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026amp; Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026amp; Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026 Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1137,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:52.898Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c01_c40"}},{"id":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48"],"id":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01954","_root_":"vi_vi01954","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01954","vi_vi01954_c02","vi_vi01954_c02_c01","vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01954","vi_vi01954_c02","vi_vi01954_c02_c01","vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2003"],"text":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","Series II: Constituent Correspondence , \n 2002-2005 .","Subseries A: Chronological Files , \n\t 2002-2005 .","2003","Y-Z","box 30","folder 5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z\n\t\t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z\n\t\t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z\n\t\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":266,"containers_ssim":["box 30","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#1/components#47","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:52.898Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01954","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01954","_root_":"vi_vi01954","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01954","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01954.xml","title_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005\n"],"title_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42396\n"],"text":["42396\n","Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005","35.37 cubic feet (101 Boxes)","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005) Series II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005 Series III. Legislative Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)","Timothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.","Kaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026 Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.","On 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella.","The Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026 Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42396\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Lieutenant Governor Timothy M. Kaine, \n 1995-2005"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Lieutenant Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Lieutenant Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Office of the Lieutenant Governor on 1 January 2006.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["35.37 cubic feet (101 Boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Legislative Files \u0026amp; Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Boards and Commissions, 1995-2005 (bulk 2002-2005) Series II. Constituent Correspondence, 2002-2005 Series III. Legislative Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation, 1992-2005 (bulk 2002-2005)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTimothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026amp; Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Timothy M. Kaine was born on 26 February 1958 in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He grew up in Kansas City and graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1979.  While attending Harvard Law School, Kaine took a leave of absence to work with Jesuit missionaries as principal of the Institutio Tecnico Loyola, a Catholic vocational school in El Progreso, Honduras.  Kaine graduated from Harvard Law School in 1983 and was admitted to the Virginia Bar.  Practicing law in Richmond, Virginia, as director of the McCandlish Kaine law firm, Kaine specialized in housing discrimination cases.  He received recognition from the Richmond Bar Association, the National Fair Housing Association, and Lawyers for Public Justice for his work with civil rights.  In addition, Kaine taught legal ethics for six years at the University of Richmond Law School.","Kaine began his political career with an election to the Richmond City Council in 1994, serving as mayor from 1998 to 2001.  During his four terms in the Richmond City Council, Kaine helped build new schools, encourage economic development, and implement the Project Exile Program to reduce violent crime.  In 2001, Kaine was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Mark R. Warner.  As Lieutenant Governor, Kaine supported state budget reform, education improvements, and the public broadcasting of the General Assembly.  He served on the Governor's K-12 Accountability Workgroup, the Governor's Higher Education Summit, the Workforce Training Sub-Committee, the Secure Virginia Panel, the Citizens \u0026 Committees Sub-Committee, and chairman of the Disability Commission.  In addition, Kaine worked on the Affordable Housing Preservation Action Committee, the Virginia Military Advisory Council, and the Olmstead Task Force.","On 14 January 2006, Kaine was inaugurated as Governor of Virginia.  He is married to Anne Bright Holton, youngest daughter of former Governor Linwood Holton.  Anne and Tim have three children, Nat, Woody, and Annella."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026amp; Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026amp; Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lieutenant Governor records consist of 101 archival boxes and are divided into three series.  Series have been designated for Boards and Commissions, Constituent Correspondence, and Legislation Files \u0026 Supporting Documentation.  These records document the work of Timothy M. Kaine as lieutenant governor under Governor Mark R Warner.  The Boards \u0026 Commissions series contains useful documentation on some of the projects Kaine was involved in, especially the Secure Virginia Panel, Virginia's anti-terrorism task force.  The bulk of the records can be found in the Constituent Correspondence series which includes letters sent to Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine and Governor Mark Warner.  Lastly, the Legislation Files and Supporting Documentation series provides valuable background information filed in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor.   \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1137,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:52.898Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01954_c02_c01_c02_c48"}},{"id":"vi_vi04879_c02_c103","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c02_c103#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c02_c103","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04879_c02_c103"],"id":"vi_vi04879_c02_c103","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1780"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1780"],"text":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1780","Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 .","box 12","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 .\n\t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 .\n\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1780 ."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":131,"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#102","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04879","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04879.xml","title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LOI 42\n"],"text":["LOI 42\n","Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","96 cu. ft.","The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.","These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["LOI 42\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.  Acquired prior to 1905.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["96 cu. ft."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2520,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c02_c103"}},{"id":"vi_vi04879_c16_c53","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c16_c53#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c16_c53","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04879_c16_c53"],"id":"vi_vi04879_c16_c53","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879_c16","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c16","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c16"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c16"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1794"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1794"],"text":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1794","Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 .","box 129","folder 7"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 .\n\t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 .\n\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1794 ."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1274,"containers_ssim":["box 129","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#15/components#52","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04879","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04879.xml","title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LOI 42\n"],"text":["LOI 42\n","Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","96 cu. ft.","The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.","These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["LOI 42\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.  Acquired prior to 1905.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["96 cu. ft."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2520,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c16_c53"}},{"id":"vi_vi04879_c22_c140","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c22_c140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c22_c140","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04879_c22_c140"],"id":"vi_vi04879_c22_c140","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879_c22","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04879_c22","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c22"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04879","vi_vi04879_c22"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1800"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1800"],"text":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","1800","Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800.","box 197","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800.","title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800."],"title_tesim":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t 1800."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1943,"containers_ssim":["box 197","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#21/components#139","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04879","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04879","_root_":"vi_vi04879","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04879","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04879.xml","title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LOI 42\n"],"text":["LOI 42\n","Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982.","96 cu. ft.","The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.","These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["LOI 42\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_title_tesim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"collection_ssim":["Plats and certificates of the Virginia Land Office \n 1779-1982."],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Land Office\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.  Acquired prior to 1905.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["96 cu. ft."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The act that established the Land Office in 1779, provided for a Register to be at the head, who would be \"appointed from time to time, by joint ballot of both houses of assembly....\" It was the responsibility of the Register to carry out the very carefully structured legislation which provided the procedure for obtaining waste and unappropriated lands. So thorough was the system that no major change in Virginia's method of distribution of virgin land was made until the mid-20th century.\n","Under the act, any person could purchase as much vacant land as desired upon payment to the treasurer of a fee of £40 for 100 acres desired. The receipt given in return for the fee was taken to the auditor of the commonwealth. For this treasurer's receipt the auditor issued a certificate noting the amount of land to which the person was entitled. This certificate was taken to the Land Office where the Register issued a warrant. This warrant authorized any surveyor to lay off the quantity of land.","The warrantee entered a claim to the land he desired by depositing his warrant with the surveyor of the county in which the land lay. The act specified the method to be employed by the surveyor in returning his survey of the land. Once the survey had been completed, it and the depleted warrant on which it was based were returned to the warrantee whose responsibility it was to deliver the paper to the Land Office. There, all papers were examined initially for technical error and, if correctly executed, were filed for a period of not less than six months. If, within that time, no caveat was entered on the survey, the plat and certificate of survey were recorded and the grant was issued by the Register. Once written, the grant was signed by the governor, sealed, recorded, and delivered to the grantee.","During the first years of operation, the Land Office was mainly concerned with issuing warrants for military bounty, and satisfying claims originating under the colonial government. Since much of the available land was located in Kentucky, the Register was authorized in November, 1781, to appoint a deputy who would locate his office there.","Following the reorganization of the Land Office, recited in the Virginia Code of 1850, the localities were charged with the responsibilities of issuing titles to vacant lands, while the state issued grants for escheated lands only. To counter dissatisfaction with the existence of the Land Office, which first surfaced mid-19th century as the amount of wasteland declined, the General Assembly adopted the solution of assigning more duties to the Register. First, the office of Superintendent of Weights and Measures was abolished by an act of February 9, 1867, and his duties were transferred to the Register. Then, by an act of February 28, 1874, amended April 29, 1874, the responsibilities of the Superintendent of Public Buildings were assigned to the Register, and the former position was abolished. Next, in March, 1875, the Register was made the Secretary of the Board of Immigration.","Finally by legislative action of March 20, 1924, it was decreed that when the next vacancy in the position of Register of the Land Office occurred, that office was to be abolished and its duties transferred to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The duties of Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, performed by the Register, were to be taken over by the Superintendent of State Office Buildings, who would assume the former title. This transfer of duties was accomplished by January 1925.","In 1948 the records of the Land Office which were in the custody of the Secretary of the Commonwealth were transferred to the State Library and, by Act of Assembly, March 5, 1952, the duties of the Register of the Land Office were transferred from the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the State Librarian."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These records contain plats/surveys, certificates of survey and other accompanying papers on which grants were issued through the register of the Land Office between 1779 and 1924, the secretary of the commonwealth between 1925 and 1948, and the state librarian since 1949. Supplemental papers may include warrants, assignments, affidavits, and copies of county court records.\n","These records are arranged chronologically by the year the land grant was issued.  Within each year, the files are arranged alphabetically.","Included are land grants from numerous Virginia governors including: Patrick Henry (1776-1779; 1784-1786), Thomas Jefferson (1779-1781), Edmund Randolph (1786-1788), Beverley Randolph (1788-1791), Henry Lee (1791-1794), Robert Brooke (1794-1796), James Wood (1796-1799), and James Monroe (1799-1802, 1811). Also included are land patents from King George II (1683-1760) and King George III (1738-1820) of Great Britain. Most of these are housed in oversize boxes with separation notices.","These records are currently being rehoused.  All years (1779-1982) are available, however only the rehoused records are listed in this finding aid."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2520,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04879_c22_c140"}},{"id":"vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49","ref_ssm":["vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49"],"id":"vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03046","_root_":"vi_vi03046","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03046_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi03046_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi03046","vi_vi03046_c02","vi_vi03046_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi03046","vi_vi03046_c02","vi_vi03046_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911","Series II. Clerk's Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 .","Subseries I. General Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 ."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911","Series II. Clerk's Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 .","Subseries I. General Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 ."],"text":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911","Series II. Clerk's Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 .","Subseries I. General Correspondence , \n 1891-1911 .","Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 .","box 12","folder 25"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 .\n\t\t\t","title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 .\n\t\t\t"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 .\n\t\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z, \n\t\t\t 1901-1910 ."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":457,"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#48","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:24.292Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03046","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03046","_root_":"vi_vi03046","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03046","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03046.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911\n"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["38174\n"],"text":["38174\n","Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911","12.35 cu. ft. (13 boxes)","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Secretary's Correspondence, 1894-1909 Series II. Clerk's Correspondence, 1891-1911","The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth evolved from the position of the Secretary of the Colony during colonial times. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 act of the General Assembly, the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernational appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office and is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.\n","Contains incoming and outgoing correspondence of the Virginia Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth during the tenure of Secretaries J.T. Lawless and D.Q. Eggleston.  Also included are letters to and from the clerk of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, J.G. Hankins. \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["38174\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth correspondence, \n 1891-1911"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer information is unavailable. Accessioned 6 June 2001.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["12.35 cu. ft. (13 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Secretary's Correspondence, 1894-1909\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Clerk's Correspondence, 1891-1911\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Secretary's Correspondence, 1894-1909 Series II. Clerk's Correspondence, 1891-1911"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth evolved from the position of the Secretary of the Colony during colonial times. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 act of the General Assembly, the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernational appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office and is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth evolved from the position of the Secretary of the Colony during colonial times. Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776. Early Secretaries were elected by the public. An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly. In a 1930 act of the General Assembly, the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth. The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as: service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists. The Office became a gubernational appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office and is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains incoming and outgoing correspondence of the Virginia Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth during the tenure of Secretaries J.T. Lawless and D.Q. Eggleston.  Also included are letters to and from the clerk of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, J.G. Hankins. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains incoming and outgoing correspondence of the Virginia Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth during the tenure of Secretaries J.T. Lawless and D.Q. Eggleston.  Also included are letters to and from the clerk of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, J.G. Hankins. \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":476,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:24.292Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03046_c02_c01_c49"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":474319},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n 1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n 1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A+1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1861 and\n            n.d.","value":"1861 and\n            n.d.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=1861+and%0A++++++++++++n.d.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n          \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n          \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A++++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n 1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n 1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A+1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n 1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n 1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A+1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons cohabiting together as Husband and Wife,\n 27th February 1866","value":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons cohabiting together as Husband and Wife,\n 27th February 1866","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Prince+Edward+County+%28Va.%29+Register+of+Colored+Persons+cohabiting+together+as+Husband+and+Wife%2C%0A+27th+February+1866\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Blacksmith Account Book,\n 1879-1885","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Blacksmith Account Book,\n 1879-1885","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Blacksmith+Account+Book%2C%0A+1879-1885\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Confederate Soldier Letters,\n 1863","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Confederate Soldier Letters,\n 1863","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Confederate+Soldier+Letters%2C%0A+1863\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Account Book,\n 1884-1886","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Account Book,\n 1884-1886","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+General+Store+Account+Book%2C%0A+1884-1886\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Ledger B,\n 1882-1884","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Ledger B,\n 1882-1884","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+General+Store+Ledger+B%2C%0A+1882-1884\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Livery Ledger,\n 1876-1878","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Livery Ledger,\n 1876-1878","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Livery+Ledger%2C%0A+1876-1878\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1775","value":"1775","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1775\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1776","value":"1776","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1776\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1777","value":"1777","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1777\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1778","value":"1778","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1778\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1779","value":"1779","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1779\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1780","value":"1780","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1780\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1781","value":"1781","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1781\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1782","value":"1782","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1782\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1783","value":"1783","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1783\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1784","value":"1784","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1784\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"","value":"","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\nEssex County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","value":"\nEssex County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=%0AEssex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\nVirginia General Assembly Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission \n","value":"\nVirginia General Assembly Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission \n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=%0AVirginia+General+Assembly+Joint+Legislative+Audit+and+Review+Commission+%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"  Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court; Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court I; Court of Law and Equity II\n","value":"  Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court; Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court I; Court of Law and Equity II\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=++Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%3B+Richmond+%28Va.%29+Hustings+Court+I%3B+Court+of+Law+and+Equity+II%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Alleghany County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Alleghany County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Alleghany+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Amelia County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Amelia County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Amelia+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Lynchburg (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Lynchburg (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Lynchburg+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Patrick County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Patrick County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Patrick+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" State Corporation Commission\n","value":" State Corporation Commission\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+State+Corporation+Commission%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Virginia Office of the Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry\n","value":" Virginia Office of the Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Virginia+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Agriculture+and+Forestry%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Virginia. Dept. of Military Affairs. \n","value":" Virginia. Dept. of Military Affairs. \n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Virginia.+Dept.+of+Military+Affairs.+%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  G[eorge] W[ashington] C[ustis] Lee","value":"\n                  G[eorge] W[ashington] C[ustis] Lee","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++G%5Beorge%5D+W%5Bashington%5D+C%5Bustis%5D+Lee\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  H[umphreys]","value":"\n                  H[umphreys]","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++H%5Bumphreys%5D\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  Mrs. J. W. Johnston","value":"\n                  Mrs. J. W. Johnston","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++Mrs.+J.+W.+Johnston\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  [P]. G. T. Beauregard","value":"\n                  [P]. G. T. Beauregard","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++%5BP%5D.+G.+T.+Beauregard\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Baker","value":"\n               Baker","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Baker\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Ewell","value":"\n               Ewell","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Ewell\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Jemison","value":"\n               Jemison","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Jemison\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Kemper","value":"\n               Kemper","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Kemper\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Moore","value":"\n               Moore","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Moore\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Patrick","value":"\n               Patrick","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Patrick\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Richardson","value":"\n               Richardson","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Richardson\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--19th century.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--19th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--19th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--Civil+War%2C+1861-1865.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--Revolution%2C+1775-1783.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--War of 1812.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--War of 1812.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--War+of+1812.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--World War, 1914-1918.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--World War, 1914-1918.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--World+War%2C+1914-1918.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Amherst County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","value":"Amherst County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Amherst+County+%28Va.%29--History--18th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Amherst County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Amherst County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Amherst+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","value":"Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Arkansas.+--+Politics+and+government+--+19th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","value":"Augusta County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29--History--18th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Augusta County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"  Household supplies -- Virginia -- Arlington County. ","value":"  Household supplies -- Virginia -- Arlington County. ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=++Household+supplies+--+Virginia+--+Arlington+County.+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","value":" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Barter+--+Virginia+--+Bland+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Barter -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","value":" Barter -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Barter+--+Virginia+--+Powhatan+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Daybooks -- Virginia -- Arlington County.","value":" Daybooks -- Virginia -- Arlington County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Daybooks+--+Virginia+--+Arlington+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","value":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Dry-goods+--+Virginia+--+Bland+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","value":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Dry-goods+--+Virginia+--+Powhatan+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Machinists -- Virginia -- Fredericksburg. ","value":" Machinists -- Virginia -- Fredericksburg. ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Machinists+--+Virginia+--+Fredericksburg.+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Slaves -- Virginia -- Albemarle County ","value":" Slaves -- Virginia -- Albemarle County ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Slaves+--+Virginia+--+Albemarle+County+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abandonment (maritime law)--Washington (D.C.)--Alexandria County.","value":"Abandonment (maritime law)--Washington (D.C.)--Alexandria County.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abandonment+%28maritime+law%29--Washington+%28D.C.%29--Alexandria+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell County.\n","value":"Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell County.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell+County.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Absentee voting--Virginia--Henry County.","value":"Absentee voting--Virginia--Henry County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Absentee+voting--Virginia--Henry+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":5384},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":409234},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fonds","value":"Fonds","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Fonds\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":38736},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record group","value":"Record group","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+group\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":6596},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subgroup","value":"Subgroup","hits":21},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":11330},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":639},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47408\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}