{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=47521","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=47520","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=47521"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47521,"next_page":null,"prev_page":47520,"total_pages":47521,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":475200,"total_count":475203,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511"],"id":"vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00968","_root_":"vi_vi00968","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00968","vi_vi00968_c09","vi_vi00968_c09_c02","vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00968","vi_vi00968_c09","vi_vi00968_c09_c02","vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006","Series IX. Restoration of Rights Files, \n1996-2006 (accessions 42418 and 42513) RESTRICTED FOR 75 YEARS.","Subseries B:  Governor Mark R. Warner,\n\t2002-2006.","23 January 2003 to 14 January 2004 (Accession 42418)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006","Series IX. Restoration of Rights Files, \n1996-2006 (accessions 42418 and 42513) RESTRICTED FOR 75 YEARS.","Subseries B:  Governor Mark R. Warner,\n\t2002-2006.","23 January 2003 to 14 January 2004 (Accession 42418)"],"text":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006","Series IX. Restoration of Rights Files, \n1996-2006 (accessions 42418 and 42513) RESTRICTED FOR 75 YEARS.","Subseries B:  Governor Mark R. Warner,\n\t2002-2006.","23 January 2003 to 14 January 2004 (Accession 42418)","Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003","box 176","folder 7"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003  \n \t\t","title_ssm":["Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003"],"title_tesim":["Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zwart, Edwin Dale, granted 14 July 2003"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2104,"containers_ssim":["box 176","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#1/components#1/components#510","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00968","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00968","_root_":"vi_vi00968","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00968","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00968.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42418, 42513 and 42630\n"],"text":["42418, 42513 and 42630\n","Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006","100 cu. ft (290 boxes)","Clemency Files (pardon files, pardon files-denied) and Restoration of Rights Files (restoration of rights files, and restoration of rights files-denied) contain confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Appointment Calendars: Secretary, 2002-2005 Series II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation: Office of the Secretary, 2001-2005 Series III. Executive Papers, 2002-2006 Series IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans, 2000-2005 Series V. Clemency: Pardon Files, 2002-2005 Series VI. Clemency: Pardon Files-Denied, 1996-2006 Series VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions, 2002-2005 Series VIII. Notary Public Register, 2002-2005 Series IX. Restoration of Rights Files, 1996-2006 Series X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied, 1997, 2003-2006","The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony.  Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776.  Early Secretaries were elected by the public.  An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly.  In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth.  The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as:  service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists.  The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly.  The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office.  The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.  Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions.  Additional activities include:  serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency.\n","The Secretary of the Commonwealth, Records, are housed in 290 boxes.  The collection is arranged into ten (10) series.  Series have been designated for:  I Appointment Calendars; II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation; III. Executive Papers; IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans; V. Clemency:  Pardon Files; VI. Clemency:  Pardon Files-Denied; VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions; VIII. Notary Public Register; IX. Restoration of Rights Files; and X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied.  These records include affidavits, agendas, appointment calendars, certificates, executive orders, invitations, judicial records, legal files, letters (correspondence), medical records, memorandums, notes, oaths, petitions, transcripts, warrants and writs.  These records primarily document the clemency activities of the Warner Administration (2002-2006).\n","Series contains invitations to Secretary Rimler and related materials pertaining to various events, speaking engagements, meetings and conferences.  Secretary Rimler or one of her assistants, Marilyn Mandell or Jo Ann Pulliam, noted on the invitation if she planned to attend.  Events attended by Secretary Rimler often include additional registration and contact information.  The files are generally arranged chronologically by the date of the engagement, though some invitations/conference material appear to have been filed separately.\n","Series consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence and supporting documentation from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The files are arranged alphabetically by topic.  The majority of the correspondence consist of constituent correspondence and thank you notes and letters.  Notable documents include:  memorandum dated 21 July 2002 from Robert M. Blue, Counselor, to Governor Mark R. Warner, summarizing current Virginia law and processes for restoring the right to vote, process for restoring the right to vote in other states, and the policy change recommendations of Blue, Anita Rimler and Secretary of Public Safety, John Marshall; correspondence between Rimler and Delegate Brad Marrs pertaining to his Freedom of Information Act requests concerning the Warner Administration's policies on the restoration of rights (fall 2004); and meeting agendas, notes and documents for HJR 159 (2002), the Joint Subcommittee to Study the Operations, Practices, Duties and Funding of the Commonwealth's Agencies, Boards, Commissions, Councils, and other Governmental Entities.\n","Series documents certain official actions of Governor Mark R. Warner during his administration.  The files are arranged alphabetically by type of record.  Records include gubernatorial appointment announcement letters, lists of appointments submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation, Executive Orders, gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths, board resignation letters and writs of election.  The announcement letters are from the Governor to Secretary of the Commonwealth Rimler requesting that she prepare a commission of appointment.  They are arranged chronologically.  The lists of appointments were compiled five times a year (during General Assembly session, June, August, October and December) and were submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation. The gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths and board resignations are arranged by date and then by first letter of surname.\n","Series documents the registration of logos, state mottos or slogans of state agencies through a form signed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  This series includes records from the final two years of the administration of Governor James S. Gilmore (2000-2001) and the Warner Administration (2002-2005).  The files are arranged chronologically by date filed and registered.  Nearly all of the records concern the registration of Virginia Lottery scratch-off tickets and each application form contains an example of the ticket. \n","Series documents the pardons granted by Governor Mark R. Warner during his term (2002-2006).  Each pardon file usually includes a copy of pardon letter, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, recommendation letters or other supporting documentation, and in the case of medical furloughs or pardons, medical records.  The files are arranged alphabetically by name.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","Series documents the pardons denied by Governor's George F. Allen (1996-1998), James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) and Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into four subseries:  Allen and Gilmore and Warner, 1996-2002, Medical Denials, 1996-1998, 2001, Warner, 2003-2006 and Capital Punishment files, 2002-2006.  The files are arranged alphabetically (1996-2002 and 2005-2006) and chronological by date of last action taken such as a denial letter or request to pardon board for an investigation (2003-2004).  In some instances there are two files - one filed by date of last action and a second file by date of denial. Capital Punishment clemency files are arranged chronologically by date of execution or action taken by Governor.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78.\n","Each pardon filed usually includes a copy of the pardon denial letter from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, and recommendation letters or other supporting documentation.  A small number of applicants included photographs of themselves and/or family.\n","Most, but not all, capital punishment files contain a clemency petition (either a letter or a formal document), legal files (trial transcripts, court rulings, execution orders, etc.) and correspondence from interested parties.  Some also include memorandum about the petition by the Counselor to the Governor, Robert M. Blue (2002-2005) to Governor Warner, handwritten by Blue concerning the case and police and prison files.\n","Notable denied pardon files include:  Elizabeth Renee Otte (denied 10 October 2002), Davey James Reedy (denied 14 January 1998 and 9 September 2004), Dustin Turner (denied 28 November 2005) and a request to amend Earl Washington's 2000 absolute pardon (denied 2 December 2005).\n","Notable denied capital punishment clemency files include: Percy Levar Walton (execution stayed by U.S. Supreme Court, 27 May 2003) and Bobby Wayne Swisher (executed 22 July 2003).\n","Series consists of extradition and requisitions issued during the final days of Governor James S. Gilmore's term and Governor Mark R. Warner's administration (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into two series:  requisitions and renditions.  A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction.  A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information and some information may be redacted.\n","A typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive.  The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant.  Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.\n","A typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual.  The request for extradition usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor.  Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive.  Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.\n","This series consists of an annual printout that documents the registration of persons appointed to be notaries public by the Secretary of the Commonwealth between 2002 and 2005 and the date they were appointed.\n","Series documents the restoration of rights that were granted by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are files for a few restoration of rights granted by Governors George F. Allen (1996) and James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) that were not previously transferred to the Library of Virginia.  The files are arranged into two subseries:  Allen and Gilmore, 1996-2002 and Warner, 2002-2006.  Each file includes a copy of the restoration of rights certificate, original application, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","Series documents the restoration of rights applications that were denied by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are a handful of applications denied by Governor George F. Allen (1994-1998).  Each file includes a copy of the original application, rejection letter, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","Extradition Requisition and Rendition files may contain confidential and privacy-protected information.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42418, 42513 and 42630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, \n1996-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Jonathan Young, Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Patrick Henry Building, 1111 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219, transferred 18 January 2006 (accession 42418), 27 February 2006 (accession 42513), and 12 April 2006 (accession 42630).\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["100 cu. ft (290 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClemency Files (pardon files, pardon files-denied) and Restoration of Rights Files (restoration of rights files, and restoration of rights files-denied) contain confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Clemency Files (pardon files, pardon files-denied) and Restoration of Rights Files (restoration of rights files, and restoration of rights files-denied) contain confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Appointment Calendars: Secretary, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation: Office of the Secretary, 2001-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Executive Papers, 2002-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans, 2000-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V. Clemency: Pardon Files, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Clemency: Pardon Files-Denied, 1996-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Notary Public Register, 2002-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Restoration of Rights Files, 1996-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied, 1997, 2003-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Appointment Calendars: Secretary, 2002-2005 Series II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation: Office of the Secretary, 2001-2005 Series III. Executive Papers, 2002-2006 Series IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans, 2000-2005 Series V. Clemency: Pardon Files, 2002-2005 Series VI. Clemency: Pardon Files-Denied, 1996-2006 Series VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions, 2002-2005 Series VIII. Notary Public Register, 2002-2005 Series IX. Restoration of Rights Files, 1996-2006 Series X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied, 1997, 2003-2006"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony.  Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776.  Early Secretaries were elected by the public.  An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly.  In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth.  The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as:  service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists.  The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly.  The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office.  The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.  Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions.  Additional activities include:  serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth has evolved from early colonial times when there existed a Secretary of the Colony.  Thomas Nelson held the position of the first Secretary of Virginia in 1776.  Early Secretaries were elected by the public.  An Act of the General Assembly in 1920 changed the election to a joint vote of the General Assembly.  In a 1930 Act the duties of the Secretary were redefined with the Secretary of the Commonwealth serving as the ex officio secretary of the Governor, as custodian of many official State records, and as keeper of the Greater and Lesser Seals of the Commonwealth.  The office of the Secretary has gradually acquired other functions, such as:  service of out-of-state civil process; appointment and regulation of notaries public; and registration and oversight of lobbyists.  The Office became a gubernatorial appointment subsequent to a 1958 Act of the Assembly.  The Secretary of the Commonwealth is under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office.  The Secretary is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years.  Currently the Secretary of the Commonwealth is responsible for gubernatorial appointments, clemency and restoration of civil rights requests and extraditions.  Additional activities include:  serving as ex officio Secretary to the Governor; serving as keeper of the seals of the Commonwealth; compiling and publishing the annual Blue Book; commissioning and regulating notary publics, including the publication of a Notary Handbook and conduct of disciplinary hearings; promulgating the lobbying disclosure requirements, registration of lobbyists, and recording of lobbying reports; servicing the civil process of out-of-state defendants and other parties; and authenticating and certifying the records of the courts and of any state agency.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, [cite specific date and accession used].  State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, [cite specific date and accession used].  State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary of the Commonwealth, Records, are housed in 290 boxes.  The collection is arranged into ten (10) series.  Series have been designated for:  I Appointment Calendars; II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation; III. Executive Papers; IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans; V. Clemency:  Pardon Files; VI. Clemency:  Pardon Files-Denied; VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions; VIII. Notary Public Register; IX. Restoration of Rights Files; and X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied.  These records include affidavits, agendas, appointment calendars, certificates, executive orders, invitations, judicial records, legal files, letters (correspondence), medical records, memorandums, notes, oaths, petitions, transcripts, warrants and writs.  These records primarily document the clemency activities of the Warner Administration (2002-2006).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains invitations to Secretary Rimler and related materials pertaining to various events, speaking engagements, meetings and conferences.  Secretary Rimler or one of her assistants, Marilyn Mandell or Jo Ann Pulliam, noted on the invitation if she planned to attend.  Events attended by Secretary Rimler often include additional registration and contact information.  The files are generally arranged chronologically by the date of the engagement, though some invitations/conference material appear to have been filed separately.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence and supporting documentation from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The files are arranged alphabetically by topic.  The majority of the correspondence consist of constituent correspondence and thank you notes and letters.  Notable documents include:  memorandum dated 21 July 2002 from Robert M. Blue, Counselor, to Governor Mark R. Warner, summarizing current Virginia law and processes for restoring the right to vote, process for restoring the right to vote in other states, and the policy change recommendations of Blue, Anita Rimler and Secretary of Public Safety, John Marshall; correspondence between Rimler and Delegate Brad Marrs pertaining to his Freedom of Information Act requests concerning the Warner Administration's policies on the restoration of rights (fall 2004); and meeting agendas, notes and documents for HJR 159 (2002), the Joint Subcommittee to Study the Operations, Practices, Duties and Funding of the Commonwealth's Agencies, Boards, Commissions, Councils, and other Governmental Entities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents certain official actions of Governor Mark R. Warner during his administration.  The files are arranged alphabetically by type of record.  Records include gubernatorial appointment announcement letters, lists of appointments submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation, Executive Orders, gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths, board resignation letters and writs of election.  The announcement letters are from the Governor to Secretary of the Commonwealth Rimler requesting that she prepare a commission of appointment.  They are arranged chronologically.  The lists of appointments were compiled five times a year (during General Assembly session, June, August, October and December) and were submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation. The gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths and board resignations are arranged by date and then by first letter of surname.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents the registration of logos, state mottos or slogans of state agencies through a form signed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  This series includes records from the final two years of the administration of Governor James S. Gilmore (2000-2001) and the Warner Administration (2002-2005).  The files are arranged chronologically by date filed and registered.  Nearly all of the records concern the registration of Virginia Lottery scratch-off tickets and each application form contains an example of the ticket. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents the pardons granted by Governor Mark R. Warner during his term (2002-2006).  Each pardon file usually includes a copy of pardon letter, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, recommendation letters or other supporting documentation, and in the case of medical furloughs or pardons, medical records.  The files are arranged alphabetically by name.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents the pardons denied by Governor's George F. Allen (1996-1998), James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) and Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into four subseries:  Allen and Gilmore and Warner, 1996-2002, Medical Denials, 1996-1998, 2001, Warner, 2003-2006 and Capital Punishment files, 2002-2006.  The files are arranged alphabetically (1996-2002 and 2005-2006) and chronological by date of last action taken such as a denial letter or request to pardon board for an investigation (2003-2004).  In some instances there are two files - one filed by date of last action and a second file by date of denial. Capital Punishment clemency files are arranged chronologically by date of execution or action taken by Governor.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach pardon filed usually includes a copy of the pardon denial letter from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, and recommendation letters or other supporting documentation.  A small number of applicants included photographs of themselves and/or family.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost, but not all, capital punishment files contain a clemency petition (either a letter or a formal document), legal files (trial transcripts, court rulings, execution orders, etc.) and correspondence from interested parties.  Some also include memorandum about the petition by the Counselor to the Governor, Robert M. Blue (2002-2005) to Governor Warner, handwritten by Blue concerning the case and police and prison files.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable denied pardon files include:  Elizabeth Renee Otte (denied 10 October 2002), Davey James Reedy (denied 14 January 1998 and 9 September 2004), Dustin Turner (denied 28 November 2005) and a request to amend Earl Washington's 2000 absolute pardon (denied 2 December 2005).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable denied capital punishment clemency files include: Percy Levar Walton (execution stayed by U.S. Supreme Court, 27 May 2003) and Bobby Wayne Swisher (executed 22 July 2003).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries consists of extradition and requisitions issued during the final days of Governor James S. Gilmore's term and Governor Mark R. Warner's administration (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into two series:  requisitions and renditions.  A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction.  A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information and some information may be redacted.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive.  The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant.  Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual.  The request for extradition usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor.  Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive.  Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of an annual printout that documents the registration of persons appointed to be notaries public by the Secretary of the Commonwealth between 2002 and 2005 and the date they were appointed.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents the restoration of rights that were granted by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are files for a few restoration of rights granted by Governors George F. Allen (1996) and James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) that were not previously transferred to the Library of Virginia.  The files are arranged into two subseries:  Allen and Gilmore, 1996-2002 and Warner, 2002-2006.  Each file includes a copy of the restoration of rights certificate, original application, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries documents the restoration of rights applications that were denied by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are a handful of applications denied by Governor George F. Allen (1994-1998).  Each file includes a copy of the original application, rejection letter, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Secretary of the Commonwealth, Records, are housed in 290 boxes.  The collection is arranged into ten (10) series.  Series have been designated for:  I Appointment Calendars; II. Correspondence and Supporting Documentation; III. Executive Papers; IV. Registration of State Agency Logos, Devices and Slogans; V. Clemency:  Pardon Files; VI. Clemency:  Pardon Files-Denied; VII. Extradition Requisitions and Renditions; VIII. Notary Public Register; IX. Restoration of Rights Files; and X. Restoration of Rights Files-Denied.  These records include affidavits, agendas, appointment calendars, certificates, executive orders, invitations, judicial records, legal files, letters (correspondence), medical records, memorandums, notes, oaths, petitions, transcripts, warrants and writs.  These records primarily document the clemency activities of the Warner Administration (2002-2006).\n","Series contains invitations to Secretary Rimler and related materials pertaining to various events, speaking engagements, meetings and conferences.  Secretary Rimler or one of her assistants, Marilyn Mandell or Jo Ann Pulliam, noted on the invitation if she planned to attend.  Events attended by Secretary Rimler often include additional registration and contact information.  The files are generally arranged chronologically by the date of the engagement, though some invitations/conference material appear to have been filed separately.\n","Series consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence and supporting documentation from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The files are arranged alphabetically by topic.  The majority of the correspondence consist of constituent correspondence and thank you notes and letters.  Notable documents include:  memorandum dated 21 July 2002 from Robert M. Blue, Counselor, to Governor Mark R. Warner, summarizing current Virginia law and processes for restoring the right to vote, process for restoring the right to vote in other states, and the policy change recommendations of Blue, Anita Rimler and Secretary of Public Safety, John Marshall; correspondence between Rimler and Delegate Brad Marrs pertaining to his Freedom of Information Act requests concerning the Warner Administration's policies on the restoration of rights (fall 2004); and meeting agendas, notes and documents for HJR 159 (2002), the Joint Subcommittee to Study the Operations, Practices, Duties and Funding of the Commonwealth's Agencies, Boards, Commissions, Councils, and other Governmental Entities.\n","Series documents certain official actions of Governor Mark R. Warner during his administration.  The files are arranged alphabetically by type of record.  Records include gubernatorial appointment announcement letters, lists of appointments submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation, Executive Orders, gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths, board resignation letters and writs of election.  The announcement letters are from the Governor to Secretary of the Commonwealth Rimler requesting that she prepare a commission of appointment.  They are arranged chronologically.  The lists of appointments were compiled five times a year (during General Assembly session, June, August, October and December) and were submitted to the General Assembly for confirmation. The gubernatorial and judicial appointment oaths and board resignations are arranged by date and then by first letter of surname.\n","Series documents the registration of logos, state mottos or slogans of state agencies through a form signed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  This series includes records from the final two years of the administration of Governor James S. Gilmore (2000-2001) and the Warner Administration (2002-2005).  The files are arranged chronologically by date filed and registered.  Nearly all of the records concern the registration of Virginia Lottery scratch-off tickets and each application form contains an example of the ticket. \n","Series documents the pardons granted by Governor Mark R. Warner during his term (2002-2006).  Each pardon file usually includes a copy of pardon letter, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, recommendation letters or other supporting documentation, and in the case of medical furloughs or pardons, medical records.  The files are arranged alphabetically by name.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","Series documents the pardons denied by Governor's George F. Allen (1996-1998), James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) and Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into four subseries:  Allen and Gilmore and Warner, 1996-2002, Medical Denials, 1996-1998, 2001, Warner, 2003-2006 and Capital Punishment files, 2002-2006.  The files are arranged alphabetically (1996-2002 and 2005-2006) and chronological by date of last action taken such as a denial letter or request to pardon board for an investigation (2003-2004).  In some instances there are two files - one filed by date of last action and a second file by date of denial. Capital Punishment clemency files are arranged chronologically by date of execution or action taken by Governor.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78.\n","Each pardon filed usually includes a copy of the pardon denial letter from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, parole board investigation, Virginia Criminal Information Network reports, Executive Clemency Review Form, and recommendation letters or other supporting documentation.  A small number of applicants included photographs of themselves and/or family.\n","Most, but not all, capital punishment files contain a clemency petition (either a letter or a formal document), legal files (trial transcripts, court rulings, execution orders, etc.) and correspondence from interested parties.  Some also include memorandum about the petition by the Counselor to the Governor, Robert M. Blue (2002-2005) to Governor Warner, handwritten by Blue concerning the case and police and prison files.\n","Notable denied pardon files include:  Elizabeth Renee Otte (denied 10 October 2002), Davey James Reedy (denied 14 January 1998 and 9 September 2004), Dustin Turner (denied 28 November 2005) and a request to amend Earl Washington's 2000 absolute pardon (denied 2 December 2005).\n","Notable denied capital punishment clemency files include: Percy Levar Walton (execution stayed by U.S. Supreme Court, 27 May 2003) and Bobby Wayne Swisher (executed 22 July 2003).\n","Series consists of extradition and requisitions issued during the final days of Governor James S. Gilmore's term and Governor Mark R. Warner's administration (2002-2006).  The files are arranged into two series:  requisitions and renditions.  A requisition documents Virginia's request of another state to return a fugitive to Virginia's jurisdiction.  A rendition documents another state's request of Virginia to return a fugitive to the requesting state's jurisdiction.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetical therein. This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information and some information may be redacted.\n","A typical requisition file contains an application from the Commonwealth's Attorney, a formal request by the Governor for extradition, and the Governor's request of one or more law enforcement officers to retrieve the fugitive.  The Commonwealth's Attorney's application usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and a statement of facts in support of a Governor's Warrant.  Some files include a photograph of the subject of the requisition.\n","A typical rendition file contains a formal request for extradition from another state's governor, correspondence from the Office of the Attorney General to the Office of the Governor concerning the extradition request, and a copy of the notice of extradition sent by the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the wanted individual.  The request for extradition usually includes:  copies of the indictment or arrest warrant with supporting affidavits and an appointment of agent by the Governor.  Some applications may include a photograph of the fugitive.  Also included in each files is a Rendition Fact Sheet completed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth.  The Rendition Fact Sheet lists date received, jurisdiction, fugitive's name and address, attorney's name and address, date charged as a fugitive, disposition of fugitive warrant, next scheduled court appearance on fugitive warrant, fugitive status (in custody or out on bond), list of pending Virginia charges and disposition and contact information for requestor.\n","This series consists of an annual printout that documents the registration of persons appointed to be notaries public by the Secretary of the Commonwealth between 2002 and 2005 and the date they were appointed.\n","Series documents the restoration of rights that were granted by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are files for a few restoration of rights granted by Governors George F. Allen (1996) and James S. Gilmore (1998-2002) that were not previously transferred to the Library of Virginia.  The files are arranged into two subseries:  Allen and Gilmore, 1996-2002 and Warner, 2002-2006.  Each file includes a copy of the restoration of rights certificate, original application, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n","Series documents the restoration of rights applications that were denied by Governor Mark R. Warner (2002-2006).  Also included are a handful of applications denied by Governor George F. Allen (1994-1998).  Each file includes a copy of the original application, rejection letter, recommendation letters, parole information, and police record checks.  The files are arranged by year and alphabetically by name therein.  This series contains confidential and privacy-protected information.  Access is restricted for 75 years after date of creation per Code of Virginia 42.1-78. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExtradition Requisition and Rendition files may contain confidential and privacy-protected information.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Extradition Requisition and Rendition files may contain confidential and privacy-protected information.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5013,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00968_c09_c02_c02_c511"}},{"id":"vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in Colonial Williamsburg,  \n\t\t\t1985.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63","ref_ssm":["vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63"],"id":"vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03031","_root_":"vi_vi03031","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03031_c15_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi03031_c15_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi03031","vi_vi03031_c15","vi_vi03031_c15_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi03031","vi_vi03031_c15","vi_vi03031_c15_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009","Series XV. Publications, \n1844-2006.","Subseries A. Articles and Pamphlets, \n1844-2006."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009","Series XV. Publications, \n1844-2006.","Subseries A. Articles and Pamphlets, \n1844-2006."],"text":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009","Series XV. Publications, \n1844-2006.","Subseries A. Articles and Pamphlets, \n1844-2006.","Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in Colonial Williamsburg,  \n\t\t\t1985.","box 71","folder 25"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in  Colonial Williamsburg ,  \n\t\t\t 1985 .\n\t\t\t","title_ssm":["Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in Colonial Williamsburg,  \n\t\t\t1985."],"title_tesim":["Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in Colonial Williamsburg,  \n\t\t\t1985."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zwelling, Shomer S., \"Inside the Public Hospital,\" in Colonial Williamsburg,  \n\t\t\t1985."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1421,"containers_ssim":["box 71","folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#0/components#62","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03031","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03031","_root_":"vi_vi03031","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03031","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03031.xml","title_ssm":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"title_tesim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["23459; 31783; 44812; 45017; 53882 (and 36551; 36642; 36643; 36644; 36645; 36646; 36647; 36648; 36649; 36650; 36651; 36652) \n"],"text":["23459; 31783; 44812; 45017; 53882 (and 36551; 36642; 36643; 36644; 36645; 36646; 36647; 36648; 36649; 36650; 36651; 36652) \n","Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009","40.75 cu. ft. of paper records, 202 volumes, 42 oversize folders","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","Protected health information (PHI) as defined under the Privacy Regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes, but is not limited to, personally identifiable information such as names, addresses, and social security numbers. Restricted material may include, but is not limited to: patient lists, patient admission registers, treatment registers and medical record files. Please contact Archives Research Services for further information.  ","Most of the records comprising Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent) can also be found on microfilm (Miscellaneous reels 4083-4085).  Please note that the original records have been reboxed since microfilming and the folder numbers no longer correspond to those on the film.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Admission and Statistical Registers, 1808-1996 Series II. Buildings and Grounds Records, 1829-1996 Series III. Commitment Registers, 1911-1946 Series IV. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1791-1997 Series V. Financial Registers, 1882-1974 Series VI. History Files, 1942-1999 Series VII. Inventory and Supply Registers, 1876-1976 Series VIII. Minutes, 1770-1989 Series IX. News Clippings and Summaries, 1964-2008 Series X. Newsletters, 1948-2008 Series XI. Papers, Speeches and Lectures, 1949-1985 Series XII. Patient and Medical Treatment Records, 1841-2009 Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1907-1988 Series XIV. Photographs, 1931-2007 Series XV. Publications, 1844-2006 Series XVI. Reports, 1842-1994 Series XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures, 1841-1979 Series XVIII. Scrapbooks, 1946-1991 Series XIX. Theses, Dissertations and Projects, 1949-2003","Arranged alphabetically by type of register and then chronologically.\n","Arranged alphabetically by plan or drawing title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by subject or title.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","This series contains four subseries that are divided according to the office or person responsible for creating and/or maintaining the records. The division between records of the director and records of the superintendent is fluid and dates may overlap.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Correspondence is arranged chronologically and the subject files and ledgers are arranged alphabetically by subject.  \n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n","Arranged alphabetically by board or committee and then chronologically within.\n","Arranged by type of record and then chronologically within.  \n","Arranged chronologically by date of publication.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the author or speaker's last name.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the volume or record.\n","Arranged alphabetically by category and then alphabetically by title or description within.\n","Arranged alphabetically by author's last name.\n","Arranged alphabetically by name of journal and then chronologically within for those with multiple editions.\n","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged alphabetically by title of the report.\n\t","Arranged alphabetically by title.\n","Arranged chronologically by date of scrapbook.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.\n","\"The Publick Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds\" at Williamsburg was first proposed by Royal Governor Francis Fauquier in 1766.  A committee was authorized to prepare a bill to provide for the founding of the hospital, which it did in 1769.  In April 1770, architect Robert Smith was chosen to design the new hospital and an act formally establishing the hospital was passed by the General Assembly in June 1770.  Construction of the hospital building in the center of Williamsburg took several years.  The first patients were admitted in October 1773.  The first hospital employee appointed was the keeper, who was directed to call the visiting physician as needed because there was no resident doctor on staff. The first visiting physician at the hospital was Dr. John De Sequeyra.","The Galt family of Williamsburg worked closely with the hospital for much of the first 100 years of its existence.  The first keeper of the hospital was James Galt who was succeeded by William T. Galt in 1800.  Dickie Galt also served as keeper during the 1830s.  In 1841 Dr. John Minson Galt, II, was appointed the first hospital superintendent by an act of the General Assembly.  Additionally, Dr. Galt's grandfather, Dr. John Minson Galt, and also his father, Dr. Alexander D. Galt both served as visiting physicians prior to the establishment of the superintendent position.  Dr. Galt served as superintendent from 1841 until 1862 when the hospital was overtaken by Union forces during the Civil War. Dr. Galt died shortly after being forced to leave the hospital grounds."," Dr. John M. Galt, II introduced the concept of \"moral management\" to the Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Moral management (or \"moral therapy\") suggested that the roots of insanity might be emotional.  Providing kindness, an aesthetically pleasing and comfortable atmosphere, exercise, and organized social activity was believed to work better for treating mental diseases than other methods such as restraints and bleedings.  Dr. Galt also went against conventional beliefs when he applied for and received legislative consent to accept mentally ill slaves as patients to the hospital in 1846.  However, by 1869, racial segregation was reestablished with the creation of Central Lunatic Asylum (later Central State Hospital) now located near Petersburg, Virginia.","By the 1930s the population of the hospital had outgrown its cramped quarters in downtown Williamsburg.  With no room to expand, the hospital began construction on what would be called the Dunbar Extension.  The land was formally known as the Dunbar Plantation and was located about three miles west of the city.  Four buildings were erected in 1936, but construction plans were halted when the United States became involved in World War Two.  Construction resumed in 1947 and continued for the better part of the next two decades.  For many years patients were split between the two sites, but by the late 1970s all patients were housed at Dunbar.  Many of the original downtown hospital buildings were demolished in the 1960s, though a recreation of the first Public Hospital building, completed in 1985, can be found on the grounds of Colonial Williamsburg.\n","Eastern State Hospital experienced various name changes over the years.  Originally known as the Public Hospital, it also became known as Eastern Lunatic State Hospital and Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Through an act of the General Asssemby in 1894, the current name of Eastern State Hospital was established.","Series II., Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings is an artificially-created series made up of individually accessioned drawings that are part of the General Architectural Files Collection.  The origin of these items is unknown, though they may have at one time been part of an early accession of Eastern State Hospital records.  The inclusion of these drawings in this finding aid is for ease of research use.\n","Researchers should also note that records belonging to Western State Hospital were found during the transfer of accession 44812 to the Library of Virginia.  The records include correspondence, contracts, agreements, buildings and grounds records and other miscellaneous documents pertaining to operation of the hospital.  According to records at Eastern State and Western State, these items were removed from the Western State archives in 1983 and used by researchers to accurately reconstruct the Public Hospital at Colonial Williamsburg.  The records were never returned to Western State and were eventually found in a basement at Eastern State in 1987.  The records were taken to the Eastern State archives where they were housed until the hospital transferred its historical records to the Library of Virginia.  The records will remain part of Eastern State Hospital accession 44812, but will not be featured in the contents list below.  A full description of these records can be found in the finding aid titled \"Records of Western State Hospital,\" under Series VI. Records Found at Eastern State Hospital, 1825-1918. The Western State finding aid is available on the Virginia Heritage Project website.  \n","Contains volumes and paper records dating from 1770 to 2009.  The earliest material in the collection is a Court of Directors minute book, 1770-1801, though the bulk of the collection dates from the mid-nineteenth century through the twentieth century.  A few sporadic records from 2000-2009 exist as well.  Included in the Eastern State records are admission registers, correspondence and subject files, architectural drawings and construction files, photographs, personnel records, newsletters, news clippings, scrapbooks, publications and reports, meeting minutes, patient treatment, and financial records.  Also found in this collection are many files created and maintained by Dr. John Minson Galt, II that include his essays on mental health and other topics. The records as a whole document the complex administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, and to a lesser extent, patient life at Eastern State.\n","Restricted: admission and statistical registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  If redaction is not possible, the register (or certain parts of it) may be closed. Death records are restricted for 50 years.","Contains a variety of registers used for patient recordkeeping purposes.  Early admission records may not actually be admission records, but more accurately described as patient censuses that were conducted periodically.  Patients were added to the register alphabetically, with each alphabetical list ordered according to the admission date of the patient beginning with the earliest.  These registers were added to over several years when new patients were admitted or when older patients died or were discharged.  In some cases the entries are numbered, but it's unclear whether this is a true admission number.  The date ranges for these volumes reflect both the range of admission dates and the years for which the particular register was used for entries.  Researchers should note that considerable overlap exists between the early admission registers and that long-term patients may have entries in more than one register.  Later admission registers are organized chronologically by patient admission number, which loosely correlates to admission date.  The later registers do not have indices.  One volume of admission histories is also included in this series and contains additional personal information about each patient upon his or her arrival at the hospital.\n","Also included here are several registers of patients which are divided into three sections: a statistical tally of the number of males and females housed in the hospital for the respective years, lists of individual patient names, addresses, dates admitted and the results of the hospitalizations.  These registers also contain a complete diagnostic diary on individual patients which provide the name of the patient, treatment received and the patient's response.  The volume dated 1859-1861 also contains a Board report for the year 1887 that includes a narrative discussion of the operation of the hospital,patient care, a statistical breakdown of the number of patients by sex and age, and a list of patients who received clothing. ","This series also includes a list of furloughed patients, separate registers of hospital births, deaths, and discharges, cemetery burials, and several consolidated reports of changes in population.  Each population report contains detailed information about patient movements in the hospital such as the number of patients admitted, died, discharged, furloughed, escaped, total number of patients, total number of ward attendants, and application statistics.  Also included in these reports are handwritten notes pertaining to certain escapees, deaths, and discharges.","Contains loose drawings and plans as well as project files pertaining to buildings and structures at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.\n","Contains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for various buildings and structures on both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  Also included are maps and site plans.  Most of the drawings and plans pertain to the Dunbar site.  These drawings were found loose and without accompanying paperwork.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.\n","These oversize drawings and plans were separated from the other Eastern State material at some point in the past and were accessioned and arranged as part of the  General Architectural Files Collection ; particular folder numbers are indicated below as are the individual accession numbers.  ","Many of the plans are composed of multiple sheets each. This series contains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for several structures on the grounds of Eastern State Hospital, such as the Montague Building, the superintendent's residence, the laundry and bakery.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.","The Public Hospital at Williamsburg was constructed from 1771-1773. A third story was added in 1841. In 1885 the building (then known as the Eastern Lunatic Asylum) was destroyed by fire. In 1972, archaeologists from Colonial Williamsburg excavated the foundations. In 1979, reconstruction of the building was begun, using a detail of the 1829 drawing as a primary source of information about the structure. The rebuilt Public Hospital was opened in 1985."," This series also includes a very early elevations and plans for the entire hospital.  Hospital Keeper Dickie Gault (possibly Alexander Dickie Galt) created the drawing at the request of the Governor's office in 1829. Gault was paid out of the hospital treasury for his work. See the Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Report of the Directors of the Lunatic Hospital at Williamsburg, Document No. 12, (Richmond, 1830). A copy of this document is enclosed with the drawing.  ","Contains administrative files pertaining to various building and construction projects undertaken at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  The files contain drawings, plans, contract and financial information, correspondence, maintenance manuals, operating instructions and other project-related documents.  Most of the files pertain to projects undertaken at the Dunbar location during its initial building phase.  Researchers should refer to Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) for additional information on building projects. \n","Restricted: commitment registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  Commitment registers include the date upon which patient applications were received, the name of each patient, the name of the sheriff or police officer reporting the commitment, the place of residence of the patient, and the date of admission, if the patient was admitted.  The volumes may also include reasons for rejection, notations concerning escapes, deaths, and whether the patient was picked up from the local jail. Researchers should also note that sporadic early commitment papers can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).\n","Contains correspondence and subject files maintained by Eastern State Hospital administrators, directors, and superintendents.  The files document the administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, as well as legislation, public health issues, and special programs.  The earliest files also contain patient-related correspondence, essays on medical topics, and reports.\n","Correspondence and miscellaneous subject files created and/or maintained by the Assistant Director, Administrative, Martin S. Kline.  Files include those related to the history of the institution, loan agreements, and medical records automation.\n","Restricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. ","Correspondence and miscellaneous subject files from various/unknown offices, most likely the Office of the Director.  Topics of interest include the Eastern State Hospital Bicentennial Anniversary Commission, patient population statistical reports and surveys, the hospital's compliance with the Civil Rights Act, and the Child and Adolescent program.  The files cover the administrations of several hospital directors, including Dr. Granville L. Jones, Dr. Joseph E. Barrett, Dr. Kurt T. Schmidt, and David Pribble.\n","Files and miscellaneous items found together during processing that belonged to hospital director, Kurt T. Schmidt, M.D. The material was given its own subseries because it had been separated from the other correspondence and subject files associated with the Office of the Director.  Most of the items are personal in nature, except for a small amount of correspondence, an essay, and a speech on the state of the hospital.\n","Restricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. ","Contains correspondence, miscellaneous files and ledgers created and maintained during the earliest years of the hospital's existence.  Material from two accessions (31783 and 44812) were interfiled in this subseries for ease of research.  Most of the records can be traced to the era of superintendents Dr. John M. Galt, both father and son.  The correspondence is sporadic and mostly patient-related.  Many of the letters are from local jailors and sheriffs wishing to place insane inmates.  Other letters are from family members inquiring about the status of a particular patient.  A few personal letters and letters pertaining to hospital business matters also exist.  The files contain draft reports, accounts, bonds, contracts, and essays on mental health topics.  Much of this material is in draft form, may be missing pages, or is difficult to read.  Final publications of many of the draft essays written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series XV. Publications.\n","Restricted: financial registers containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.","Contains a variety of registers that document the financial history of the hospital.  Included are ledgers devoted to particular accounts, such as the building fund, contingent fund and support fund.  Also included are check stub books related to the Additions and Improvements Fund and the Auditor of Public Accounts. Other ledgers contain information on contracts awarded, patient personal funds and charges, steward's sales, transportation and amusement.  The largest subset of financial registers are the general ledgers and general journals.  The general ledgers served as the final accounting of funds received and disbursed. The ledgers provide information on money spent for capital outlay projects, legal expenses, medical supplies, food, amusement, equipment, postage, telephone and telegrams.  Ledgers for more recent years include information on grant monies, accounts such as the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Donation Fund and the Chapel Buildings Fund, and appropriations for the Behavior Modification Program.  In most cases, each general ledger is accompanied by a journal that features more descriptive information about accounts paid and received.  Researchers should not that the dates on the ledgers and journal often overlap for unknown reasons.  Several of the later general journals are restricted due to the presence of patient names and Medicaid information.  \n","Contains files related to histories written about Eastern State Hospital, the Galt family and other mental health topics.  Included is a card catalog of books once held in the Galt book collection, articles about the hospital, written histories and supporting documentation.\n","Contains a variety of registers related to the inventorying and issuing of food and other items at the hospital, such as day books, registers of stores issued and received, requisition and invoice registers, and a farm production register. "," The day books describe supplies maintained by and issued to particular staff members or units such as the matron, supervisor, chief cook, steward, and drug room or for particular purposes such as housekeeping. Examples of items inventoried include whiskey and wine, various foodstuffs, clothing, toiletries, and tobacco.  Handwritten notations made by the matron or supervisor can be found in some of the earlier daybooks.  ","The registers of stores issued contain lists of particular supplies, food and other items that were issued to various staff or hospital units.  These supplies include wagons, utensils, clothing, bedding, personal care items, and food. The registers of stores received account for the receipt of the above items before they were used or distributed to patients and staff.","A register of farm production, as well as registers of requisitions and invoices can also be found in this series.  The farm production register contains an inventory of fruits, vegetables and meat raised and harvested by the hospital.  The requisition and invoice registers contain additional information about supplies bought by the hospital.","Contains the minutes of the Court/Board of Directors and the Executive Committee, as well as minutes of the Board of Physicians and Building Committee.  The majority of the volumes contain minutes of the Court/Board of Directors.  The history of the Board begins with the Court of Directors which was the original advisory committee that closely supervised the operation of the asylum.  The Court of Directors was later renamed the Board of Directors, and its nine appointed members were required to meet on a quarterly basis.  In 1903, the Board of Directors was replaced by a three-person group called the Special Board of Directors. There may be some overlapping use of older and newer names, but they describe the same basic administrative body.  The first volume of minutes contains a deed for the land on which the original hospital sat, the articles of agreement, and description of the area and original buildings.  In some cases, the minute books have overlapping dates, due to the presence of \"rough minutes\" in addition to the official minutes of Board meetings.","Also related to the Board minutes are the minutes of the Executive Committee.  The Executive Committee was composed of a small number of members of the Court of Directors/Board of Directors. The Executive Committee was responsible for reviewing the superintendent's reports, auditing the steward's monthly expense accounts, and overseeing other matters that arose between Board meetings. An index to the Executive Committee minutes exists for the years 1901-1913."," Additionally, this series contains the minutes of the Board of Physicians, which include patient and treatment information, as well as discussion of hospital business and operations.  Also included are the minutes of the Building Committee (or Committee on Construction), which include records of money spent on construction projects, buildings, grounds and the general maintenance of the hospital structures.  Also included here are several folders of minutes from the Local Building Committee, which was responsible for managing construction projects at Eastern State.","Contains two categories of press material: newspaper clippings and news summaries.  Some overlap exists between the two groups.  The news clippings were collected and maintained by Eastern State Hospital staff and are mainly photocopies from local newspapers of articles about Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally. Several folders of prominent articles are labeled by title and arranged at the end of the clippings section.  The news summaries are booklets of photocopied articles compiled by the Legislation and Public Relations Office of the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services for submission to the Secretary of Health and Human Resources.  The articles included in the summaries range from general health topics to specific stories about the state hospitals. \n","Contains the newsletter  The Eastern Statesman , which was produced by and largely for Eastern State Hospital employees, and to a lesser extent, patients and interested family and community members. The newsletters contain information about hospital policies, activities, and governmental legislation. They also contain photographs of employee activities and events, notations about births, weddings, illnesses, new-hires, retirements, employee service recognitions and other pertinent information. Also included for the years 1956-1957 are copies of the  The Literary Statesman  which feature stories and poetry, some written by patients. Both  The Eastern Statesman  and  The Literary Statesman  were widely distributed outside of the hospital. \n","Contains papers, transcribed speeches and lectures on a variety of topics such as drug addiction, medical conditions, types of therapy employed at Eastern State Hospital, and the use of certain medications.  Many of the papers, speeches and lectures were written and/or given by Eastern State Hospital leaders and employees. Material not attributed to a specific author can be found at the end of the list arranged according to the type of document.  These items were not included in Series XV. Publications because they are more informal in nature. Early essays and papers written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent). \n","Restricted: patient records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  Transorbital lobotomy case book records (A-Z) are closed in their entirety for 125 years from the date of creation. ","This series contains a variety of registers related to patients and medical treatment at the hospital.  Included are record books kept by the night watchman and night watch nurse.  These volumes document the activities of the nighttime staff and describe the number of visits to each ward, the time and temperature of the ward at the time of the visit, as well as the names of patients and their level of \"excitement.\"  Also included are case books that provide medical treatment information, a record of surgical cultures, transorbital lobotomy records and a register of articles belonging to patients which includes a listing of clothing, money, jewelry and other personal effects.  This series also contains the art therapy drawings of a patient named Michael Condrey.  Researchers interested in admission, statistical and/or patient census information should see Series I. Admission and Statistical Registers.","This series is composed of two ledgers of employee records. The earliest ledger includes names, beginning date of employment, rate of wages or salary, and occasionally notations regarding discharge or reassignment.  The later ledger contains only names and dates.  Also included in this series are records of student nurses and attendants who graduated from the Eastern State Hospital program, including names, dates of graduation, and ceremony programs.  For information on early hospital job descriptions, please see Series XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures.\n","Restricted: Photographs that identify patients or depict medical treatments are restricted for 125 years.","Contains both black and white and color photographs that document activities, buildings, events, employees, and patients at Eastern State hospital.  The photographs depict various activities such as holiday parties, picnics, and special events such as the circus and horse shows.  The photos also show the buildings and grounds at both the downtown and Dunbar locations.  The employee photographs are mostly head shots, but some also document the receipt of service awards, as well as groups of food service employees, attendants, Grey Ladies (volunteers), and physicians.  The Safety Department photos show the demolition of structures, disaster drills, and other safety-related activities. \n","Contains a variety of publications ranging from articles to journals and books.  Most of the publications are mental health or hospital-related.  Some of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees and several of the periodicals were published by the Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the State Hospital Board.  The office that created and maintained these publications is unknown, though they may have been held by the Office of the Director or by the staff or patient libraries.  \n","Contains a variety of published articles and pamphlets.  The articles cover topics ranging from general mental health and awareness to very specific psychological studies.  Many of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees.  Included here are published copies of many of Dr. John M. Galt's essays on mental health and other issues.  The rough drafts of many of Dr. Galt's essays can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).   \n","Contains journals, periodicals and books related to mental illness generally, as well as specifically in Virginia.  Advance  and  Mental Health in Virginia  were published by the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals respectively.  Mental Hygiene Survey  was published by the State Hospital Board and  Virginia Medical Monthly  was published by the Medical Society of Virginia.  Also included are a book on Galt family genealogy, a book about the Willard Asylum in New York, and other periodicals unrelated to mental health that were found in the collection.  \n","Contains two subseries of reports: annual and miscellaneous.  The annual reports were produced by the Auditor of Public Accounts, the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals, Eastern State Hospital, the State Hospital Board, and Western Lunatic Asylum.  The annual reports contain administrative, financial and operational information for each entity. The miscellaneous reports come from a variety of sources and document particular aspects of the mental health system in Virginia.  Topics include progress reports, civil commitment, community services, and general surveys.\n","Contains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital, Western State Hospital, the State Hospital Board and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  Also included is one volume containing the annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  \n\t","Contains annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  Reports contain finanicial information for each state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Virginia.  All annual reports submitted to the Auditor were compiled into one volume.  \n\t","Contains annual reports the Virginia Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  These reports document the year in review for the entire state agency under which the state hospitals operate. The reports often contain statistical and financial information for each institution under its governance, as well.   \n\t","Contains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital.  The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. Also included are annual reports of two units of the hospital, the Medical Records Department and the Occupational Therapy Department.  Since this is not a comprehensive collection of annual reports, it may be necessary to look elsewhere for those that are missing. In the earliest years, annual reports for state institutions were part of the rough journals of the House of Delegates (1826-1846). Later, they became part of the Governor's message and annual reports of the public officers of the state (1847-1860s). Annual reports for all of Virginia's state agencies (1860s and beyond) were bound together as \"Annual Reports of Officers, Boards and Institutions of the Commonwealth of Virginia,\" (call no. JK3930.A21). \n\t","Contains annual reports and some statistical supplements created by the State Hospital Board. The annual reports contain financial and operational information for the institutions under the oversight of the Board and information about the Board's activities as well.  The statistical supplements were meant to accompany the annual reports of the Board. The supplements contain the tables and charts to which the reports refer. \n\t","Contains annual reports for Western State Hospital. The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. These reports were most likely maintained by Eastern State Hospital for reference purposes.\n\t","Contains a variety of reports published by several sources.  The reports include comprehensive studies of the mental health system in Virginia, progress reports and correction plans, and general surveys. This series also includes reports devoted to community services, civil commitment, and serving the developmentally disabled.\n\t","Contains by-laws, rules and regulations for various aspects of Eastern State Hospital's operation including ward conduct and certain accounting procedures. The by-laws pamphlet contains detailed job descriptions for the hospital's main employees, as does the 1841 pamphlet devoted to rules and regulations.  For additional information on employees, please see Series XIII. Personnel Records.\n","Restricted: in their entirety, photographs featuring patients that are less than 125 years old (no redaction).","Contains scrapbooks created and maintained by an unknown person or office at Eastern State Hospital.  Most of the scrapbooks contain only newspaper clippings of articles pertaining to the hospital and pertinent mental health topics.  In some cases photographs, event programs and other memorabilia are included in the scrapbooks as well.  The scrapbooks are generally in fair condition, though the newspaper is yellowed and brittle.  Several scrapbooks were dismantled and put into boxes to prevent further damage.  In addition to the general hospital scrapbooks, one scrapbook pertaining to the library and one to the Children's Unit are also available.\n","Contains a variety of thesis papers, dissertations and projects pertaining to Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally.  Many of the papers were written using Eastern State and its patients as part of a case study, while others highlight the contribution of Galt family members to the hospital.  Other topics include psychopharmacology, schizophrenia, and the admission of children.  If the name of the writer's school was available, it was included in the description.  Many of the papers were written by students at local universities such as Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.\n","Confidential or personally identifiable health information (PHI) less than 125 years of age that may be encountered during research will not be recorded, published, publicized, or re-disclosed to any other party for any purpose. Improper use and/or re-disclosure of privacy protected information is a breach of confidentiality which could result in the loss of access to the archival collections housed and maintained by The Library of Virginia, and could result in legal penalties (Code of Virginia, 18.2-186.3). Please see the \"Use Restrictions\" section of the finding aid for additional restriction information.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["23459; 31783; 44812; 45017; 53882 (and 36551; 36642; 36643; 36644; 36645; 36646; 36647; 36648; 36649; 36650; 36651; 36652) \n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, \n1770-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Eastern State Hospital\n"],"creator_ssim":["Eastern State Hospital\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 23459 transferred by Mrs. Henry E. Davis, 17 October 1949.\n","Accession 31783 transferred by Wyolene S. Pointer, Medical Records Administrator, Eastern State Hospital, Drawer A, Williamsburg, Virginia, 27 May 1983.","Accession 44812 transferred by Michelle L. Porter, Health Information Management Department, Eastern State Hospital, 4601 Ironbound Road, Williamsburg, Virginia, 17 February 2010.","Accession 45017 transferred by Michelle L. Porter, Health Information Management Department, Eastern State Hospital, 4601 Ironbound Road, Williamsburg, Virginia, 3 June 2010.","Accession 53882 donated by Judi Barnett, 24 April 2023.","Accessions 36551; 36642; 36643; 36644; 36645; 36646; 36647; 36648; 36649; 36650; 36651; and 36652 (Series II., Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings), were accessioned individually as part of the Library of Virginia's General Architectural Files Collection. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["40.75 cu. ft. of paper records, 202 volumes, 42 oversize folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProtected health information (PHI) as defined under the Privacy Regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes, but is not limited to, personally identifiable information such as names, addresses, and social security numbers. Restricted material may include, but is not limited to: patient lists, patient admission registers, treatment registers and medical record files. Please contact Archives Research Services for further information.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","Protected health information (PHI) as defined under the Privacy Regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes, but is not limited to, personally identifiable information such as names, addresses, and social security numbers. Restricted material may include, but is not limited to: patient lists, patient admission registers, treatment registers and medical record files. Please contact Archives Research Services for further information.  "],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the records comprising Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent) can also be found on microfilm (Miscellaneous reels 4083-4085).  Please note that the original records have been reboxed since microfilming and the folder numbers no longer correspond to those on the film.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the records comprising Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent) can also be found on microfilm (Miscellaneous reels 4083-4085).  Please note that the original records have been reboxed since microfilming and the folder numbers no longer correspond to those on the film.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Admission and Statistical Registers, 1808-1996\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Buildings and Grounds Records, 1829-1996\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Commitment Registers, 1911-1946\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1791-1997\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V. Financial Registers, 1882-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI. History Files, 1942-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Inventory and Supply Registers, 1876-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Minutes, 1770-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IX. News Clippings and Summaries, 1964-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries X. Newsletters, 1948-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Papers, Speeches and Lectures, 1949-1985\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Patient and Medical Treatment Records, 1841-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1907-1988\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. Photographs, 1931-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Publications, 1844-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Reports, 1842-1994\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures, 1841-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Scrapbooks, 1946-1991\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Theses, Dissertations and Projects, 1949-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by type of register and then chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by plan or drawing title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject or title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains four subseries that are divided according to the office or person responsible for creating and/or maintaining the records. The division between records of the director and records of the superintendent is fluid and dates may overlap.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is arranged chronologically and the subject files and ledgers are arranged alphabetically by subject.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by board or committee and then chronologically within.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and then chronologically within.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by date of publication.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by the author or speaker's last name.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by the title of the volume or record.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by category and then alphabetically by title or description within.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by author's last name.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of journal and then chronologically within for those with multiple editions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title of the report.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by date of scrapbook.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by the author's last name.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Admission and Statistical Registers, 1808-1996 Series II. Buildings and Grounds Records, 1829-1996 Series III. Commitment Registers, 1911-1946 Series IV. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1791-1997 Series V. Financial Registers, 1882-1974 Series VI. History Files, 1942-1999 Series VII. Inventory and Supply Registers, 1876-1976 Series VIII. Minutes, 1770-1989 Series IX. News Clippings and Summaries, 1964-2008 Series X. Newsletters, 1948-2008 Series XI. Papers, Speeches and Lectures, 1949-1985 Series XII. Patient and Medical Treatment Records, 1841-2009 Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1907-1988 Series XIV. Photographs, 1931-2007 Series XV. Publications, 1844-2006 Series XVI. Reports, 1842-1994 Series XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures, 1841-1979 Series XVIII. Scrapbooks, 1946-1991 Series XIX. Theses, Dissertations and Projects, 1949-2003","Arranged alphabetically by type of register and then chronologically.\n","Arranged alphabetically by plan or drawing title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by subject or title.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","This series contains four subseries that are divided according to the office or person responsible for creating and/or maintaining the records. The division between records of the director and records of the superintendent is fluid and dates may overlap.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Correspondence is arranged chronologically and the subject files and ledgers are arranged alphabetically by subject.  \n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n","Arranged alphabetically according to folder title.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the register.\n","Arranged alphabetically by board or committee and then chronologically within.\n","Arranged by type of record and then chronologically within.  \n","Arranged chronologically by date of publication.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the author or speaker's last name.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the title of the volume or record.\n","Arranged alphabetically by category and then alphabetically by title or description within.\n","Arranged alphabetically by author's last name.\n","Arranged alphabetically by name of journal and then chronologically within for those with multiple editions.\n","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged chronologically.\n\t","Arranged alphabetically by title of the report.\n\t","Arranged alphabetically by title.\n","Arranged chronologically by date of scrapbook.\n","Arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Publick Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds\" at Williamsburg was first proposed by Royal Governor Francis Fauquier in 1766.  A committee was authorized to prepare a bill to provide for the founding of the hospital, which it did in 1769.  In April 1770, architect Robert Smith was chosen to design the new hospital and an act formally establishing the hospital was passed by the General Assembly in June 1770.  Construction of the hospital building in the center of Williamsburg took several years.  The first patients were admitted in October 1773.  The first hospital employee appointed was the keeper, who was directed to call the visiting physician as needed because there was no resident doctor on staff. The first visiting physician at the hospital was Dr. John De Sequeyra.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Galt family of Williamsburg worked closely with the hospital for much of the first 100 years of its existence.  The first keeper of the hospital was James Galt who was succeeded by William T. Galt in 1800.  Dickie Galt also served as keeper during the 1830s.  In 1841 Dr. John Minson Galt, II, was appointed the first hospital superintendent by an act of the General Assembly.  Additionally, Dr. Galt's grandfather, Dr. John Minson Galt, and also his father, Dr. Alexander D. Galt both served as visiting physicians prior to the establishment of the superintendent position.  Dr. Galt served as superintendent from 1841 until 1862 when the hospital was overtaken by Union forces during the Civil War. Dr. Galt died shortly after being forced to leave the hospital grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Dr. John M. Galt, II introduced the concept of \"moral management\" to the Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Moral management (or \"moral therapy\") suggested that the roots of insanity might be emotional.  Providing kindness, an aesthetically pleasing and comfortable atmosphere, exercise, and organized social activity was believed to work better for treating mental diseases than other methods such as restraints and bleedings.  Dr. Galt also went against conventional beliefs when he applied for and received legislative consent to accept mentally ill slaves as patients to the hospital in 1846.  However, by 1869, racial segregation was reestablished with the creation of Central Lunatic Asylum (later Central State Hospital) now located near Petersburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the 1930s the population of the hospital had outgrown its cramped quarters in downtown Williamsburg.  With no room to expand, the hospital began construction on what would be called the Dunbar Extension.  The land was formally known as the Dunbar Plantation and was located about three miles west of the city.  Four buildings were erected in 1936, but construction plans were halted when the United States became involved in World War Two.  Construction resumed in 1947 and continued for the better part of the next two decades.  For many years patients were split between the two sites, but by the late 1970s all patients were housed at Dunbar.  Many of the original downtown hospital buildings were demolished in the 1960s, though a recreation of the first Public Hospital building, completed in 1985, can be found on the grounds of Colonial Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEastern State Hospital experienced various name changes over the years.  Originally known as the Public Hospital, it also became known as Eastern Lunatic State Hospital and Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Through an act of the General Asssemby in 1894, the current name of Eastern State Hospital was established.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"The Publick Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds\" at Williamsburg was first proposed by Royal Governor Francis Fauquier in 1766.  A committee was authorized to prepare a bill to provide for the founding of the hospital, which it did in 1769.  In April 1770, architect Robert Smith was chosen to design the new hospital and an act formally establishing the hospital was passed by the General Assembly in June 1770.  Construction of the hospital building in the center of Williamsburg took several years.  The first patients were admitted in October 1773.  The first hospital employee appointed was the keeper, who was directed to call the visiting physician as needed because there was no resident doctor on staff. The first visiting physician at the hospital was Dr. John De Sequeyra.","The Galt family of Williamsburg worked closely with the hospital for much of the first 100 years of its existence.  The first keeper of the hospital was James Galt who was succeeded by William T. Galt in 1800.  Dickie Galt also served as keeper during the 1830s.  In 1841 Dr. John Minson Galt, II, was appointed the first hospital superintendent by an act of the General Assembly.  Additionally, Dr. Galt's grandfather, Dr. John Minson Galt, and also his father, Dr. Alexander D. Galt both served as visiting physicians prior to the establishment of the superintendent position.  Dr. Galt served as superintendent from 1841 until 1862 when the hospital was overtaken by Union forces during the Civil War. Dr. Galt died shortly after being forced to leave the hospital grounds."," Dr. John M. Galt, II introduced the concept of \"moral management\" to the Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Moral management (or \"moral therapy\") suggested that the roots of insanity might be emotional.  Providing kindness, an aesthetically pleasing and comfortable atmosphere, exercise, and organized social activity was believed to work better for treating mental diseases than other methods such as restraints and bleedings.  Dr. Galt also went against conventional beliefs when he applied for and received legislative consent to accept mentally ill slaves as patients to the hospital in 1846.  However, by 1869, racial segregation was reestablished with the creation of Central Lunatic Asylum (later Central State Hospital) now located near Petersburg, Virginia.","By the 1930s the population of the hospital had outgrown its cramped quarters in downtown Williamsburg.  With no room to expand, the hospital began construction on what would be called the Dunbar Extension.  The land was formally known as the Dunbar Plantation and was located about three miles west of the city.  Four buildings were erected in 1936, but construction plans were halted when the United States became involved in World War Two.  Construction resumed in 1947 and continued for the better part of the next two decades.  For many years patients were split between the two sites, but by the late 1970s all patients were housed at Dunbar.  Many of the original downtown hospital buildings were demolished in the 1960s, though a recreation of the first Public Hospital building, completed in 1985, can be found on the grounds of Colonial Williamsburg.\n","Eastern State Hospital experienced various name changes over the years.  Originally known as the Public Hospital, it also became known as Eastern Lunatic State Hospital and Eastern Lunatic Asylum.  Through an act of the General Asssemby in 1894, the current name of Eastern State Hospital was established."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Eastern State Hospital, 1770-2009. [Cite specific accession number], State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of Eastern State Hospital, 1770-2009. [Cite specific accession number], State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries II., Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings is an artificially-created series made up of individually accessioned drawings that are part of the General Architectural Files Collection.  The origin of these items is unknown, though they may have at one time been part of an early accession of Eastern State Hospital records.  The inclusion of these drawings in this finding aid is for ease of research use.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should also note that records belonging to Western State Hospital were found during the transfer of accession 44812 to the Library of Virginia.  The records include correspondence, contracts, agreements, buildings and grounds records and other miscellaneous documents pertaining to operation of the hospital.  According to records at Eastern State and Western State, these items were removed from the Western State archives in 1983 and used by researchers to accurately reconstruct the Public Hospital at Colonial Williamsburg.  The records were never returned to Western State and were eventually found in a basement at Eastern State in 1987.  The records were taken to the Eastern State archives where they were housed until the hospital transferred its historical records to the Library of Virginia.  The records will remain part of Eastern State Hospital accession 44812, but will not be featured in the contents list below.  A full description of these records can be found in the finding aid titled \"Records of Western State Hospital,\" under Series VI. Records Found at Eastern State Hospital, 1825-1918. The Western State finding aid is available on the Virginia Heritage Project website.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Series II., Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings is an artificially-created series made up of individually accessioned drawings that are part of the General Architectural Files Collection.  The origin of these items is unknown, though they may have at one time been part of an early accession of Eastern State Hospital records.  The inclusion of these drawings in this finding aid is for ease of research use.\n","Researchers should also note that records belonging to Western State Hospital were found during the transfer of accession 44812 to the Library of Virginia.  The records include correspondence, contracts, agreements, buildings and grounds records and other miscellaneous documents pertaining to operation of the hospital.  According to records at Eastern State and Western State, these items were removed from the Western State archives in 1983 and used by researchers to accurately reconstruct the Public Hospital at Colonial Williamsburg.  The records were never returned to Western State and were eventually found in a basement at Eastern State in 1987.  The records were taken to the Eastern State archives where they were housed until the hospital transferred its historical records to the Library of Virginia.  The records will remain part of Eastern State Hospital accession 44812, but will not be featured in the contents list below.  A full description of these records can be found in the finding aid titled \"Records of Western State Hospital,\" under Series VI. Records Found at Eastern State Hospital, 1825-1918. The Western State finding aid is available on the Virginia Heritage Project website.  \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains volumes and paper records dating from 1770 to 2009.  The earliest material in the collection is a Court of Directors minute book, 1770-1801, though the bulk of the collection dates from the mid-nineteenth century through the twentieth century.  A few sporadic records from 2000-2009 exist as well.  Included in the Eastern State records are admission registers, correspondence and subject files, architectural drawings and construction files, photographs, personnel records, newsletters, news clippings, scrapbooks, publications and reports, meeting minutes, patient treatment, and financial records.  Also found in this collection are many files created and maintained by Dr. John Minson Galt, II that include his essays on mental health and other topics. The records as a whole document the complex administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, and to a lesser extent, patient life at Eastern State.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: admission and statistical registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  If redaction is not possible, the register (or certain parts of it) may be closed. Death records are restricted for 50 years.\u003c/emph\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of registers used for patient recordkeeping purposes.  Early admission records may not actually be admission records, but more accurately described as patient censuses that were conducted periodically.  Patients were added to the register alphabetically, with each alphabetical list ordered according to the admission date of the patient beginning with the earliest.  These registers were added to over several years when new patients were admitted or when older patients died or were discharged.  In some cases the entries are numbered, but it's unclear whether this is a true admission number.  The date ranges for these volumes reflect both the range of admission dates and the years for which the particular register was used for entries.  Researchers should note that considerable overlap exists between the early admission registers and that long-term patients may have entries in more than one register.  Later admission registers are organized chronologically by patient admission number, which loosely correlates to admission date.  The later registers do not have indices.  One volume of admission histories is also included in this series and contains additional personal information about each patient upon his or her arrival at the hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included here are several registers of patients which are divided into three sections: a statistical tally of the number of males and females housed in the hospital for the respective years, lists of individual patient names, addresses, dates admitted and the results of the hospitalizations.  These registers also contain a complete diagnostic diary on individual patients which provide the name of the patient, treatment received and the patient's response.  The volume dated 1859-1861 also contains a Board report for the year 1887 that includes a narrative discussion of the operation of the hospital,patient care, a statistical breakdown of the number of patients by sex and age, and a list of patients who received clothing. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes a list of furloughed patients, separate registers of hospital births, deaths, and discharges, cemetery burials, and several consolidated reports of changes in population.  Each population report contains detailed information about patient movements in the hospital such as the number of patients admitted, died, discharged, furloughed, escaped, total number of patients, total number of ward attendants, and application statistics.  Also included in these reports are handwritten notes pertaining to certain escapees, deaths, and discharges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains loose drawings and plans as well as project files pertaining to buildings and structures at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for various buildings and structures on both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  Also included are maps and site plans.  Most of the drawings and plans pertain to the Dunbar site.  These drawings were found loose and without accompanying paperwork.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese oversize drawings and plans were separated from the other Eastern State material at some point in the past and were accessioned and arranged as part of the \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGeneral Architectural Files Collection\u003c/emph\u003e; particular folder numbers are indicated below as are the individual accession numbers.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the plans are composed of multiple sheets each. This series contains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for several structures on the grounds of Eastern State Hospital, such as the Montague Building, the superintendent's residence, the laundry and bakery.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Public Hospital at Williamsburg was constructed from 1771-1773. A third story was added in 1841. In 1885 the building (then known as the Eastern Lunatic Asylum) was destroyed by fire. In 1972, archaeologists from Colonial Williamsburg excavated the foundations. In 1979, reconstruction of the building was begun, using a detail of the 1829 drawing as a primary source of information about the structure. The rebuilt Public Hospital was opened in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series also includes a very early elevations and plans for the entire hospital.  Hospital Keeper Dickie Gault (possibly Alexander Dickie Galt) created the drawing at the request of the Governor's office in 1829. Gault was paid out of the hospital treasury for his work. See the Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Report of the Directors of the Lunatic Hospital at Williamsburg, Document No. 12, (Richmond, 1830). A copy of this document is enclosed with the drawing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative files pertaining to various building and construction projects undertaken at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  The files contain drawings, plans, contract and financial information, correspondence, maintenance manuals, operating instructions and other project-related documents.  Most of the files pertain to projects undertaken at the Dunbar location during its initial building phase.  Researchers should refer to Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) for additional information on building projects. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: commitment registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.\u003c/emph\u003e Commitment registers include the date upon which patient applications were received, the name of each patient, the name of the sheriff or police officer reporting the commitment, the place of residence of the patient, and the date of admission, if the patient was admitted.  The volumes may also include reasons for rejection, notations concerning escapes, deaths, and whether the patient was picked up from the local jail. Researchers should also note that sporadic early commitment papers can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and subject files maintained by Eastern State Hospital administrators, directors, and superintendents.  The files document the administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, as well as legislation, public health issues, and special programs.  The earliest files also contain patient-related correspondence, essays on medical topics, and reports.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and miscellaneous subject files created and/or maintained by the Assistant Director, Administrative, Martin S. Kline.  Files include those related to the history of the institution, loan agreements, and medical records automation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n              \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. \u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and miscellaneous subject files from various/unknown offices, most likely the Office of the Director.  Topics of interest include the Eastern State Hospital Bicentennial Anniversary Commission, patient population statistical reports and surveys, the hospital's compliance with the Civil Rights Act, and the Child and Adolescent program.  The files cover the administrations of several hospital directors, including Dr. Granville L. Jones, Dr. Joseph E. Barrett, Dr. Kurt T. Schmidt, and David Pribble.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles and miscellaneous items found together during processing that belonged to hospital director, Kurt T. Schmidt, M.D. The material was given its own subseries because it had been separated from the other correspondence and subject files associated with the Office of the Director.  Most of the items are personal in nature, except for a small amount of correspondence, an essay, and a speech on the state of the hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n              \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. \u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, miscellaneous files and ledgers created and maintained during the earliest years of the hospital's existence.  Material from two accessions (31783 and 44812) were interfiled in this subseries for ease of research.  Most of the records can be traced to the era of superintendents Dr. John M. Galt, both father and son.  The correspondence is sporadic and mostly patient-related.  Many of the letters are from local jailors and sheriffs wishing to place insane inmates.  Other letters are from family members inquiring about the status of a particular patient.  A few personal letters and letters pertaining to hospital business matters also exist.  The files contain draft reports, accounts, bonds, contracts, and essays on mental health topics.  Much of this material is in draft form, may be missing pages, or is difficult to read.  Final publications of many of the draft essays written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series XV. Publications.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: financial registers containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.\u003c/emph\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of registers that document the financial history of the hospital.  Included are ledgers devoted to particular accounts, such as the building fund, contingent fund and support fund.  Also included are check stub books related to the Additions and Improvements Fund and the Auditor of Public Accounts. Other ledgers contain information on contracts awarded, patient personal funds and charges, steward's sales, transportation and amusement.  The largest subset of financial registers are the general ledgers and general journals.  The general ledgers served as the final accounting of funds received and disbursed. The ledgers provide information on money spent for capital outlay projects, legal expenses, medical supplies, food, amusement, equipment, postage, telephone and telegrams.  Ledgers for more recent years include information on grant monies, accounts such as the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Donation Fund and the Chapel Buildings Fund, and appropriations for the Behavior Modification Program.  In most cases, each general ledger is accompanied by a journal that features more descriptive information about accounts paid and received.  Researchers should not that the dates on the ledgers and journal often overlap for unknown reasons.  Several of the later general journals are restricted due to the presence of patient names and Medicaid information.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains files related to histories written about Eastern State Hospital, the Galt family and other mental health topics.  Included is a card catalog of books once held in the Galt book collection, articles about the hospital, written histories and supporting documentation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of registers related to the inventorying and issuing of food and other items at the hospital, such as day books, registers of stores issued and received, requisition and invoice registers, and a farm production register. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The day books describe supplies maintained by and issued to particular staff members or units such as the matron, supervisor, chief cook, steward, and drug room or for particular purposes such as housekeeping. Examples of items inventoried include whiskey and wine, various foodstuffs, clothing, toiletries, and tobacco.  Handwritten notations made by the matron or supervisor can be found in some of the earlier daybooks.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe registers of stores issued contain lists of particular supplies, food and other items that were issued to various staff or hospital units.  These supplies include wagons, utensils, clothing, bedding, personal care items, and food. The registers of stores received account for the receipt of the above items before they were used or distributed to patients and staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA register of farm production, as well as registers of requisitions and invoices can also be found in this series.  The farm production register contains an inventory of fruits, vegetables and meat raised and harvested by the hospital.  The requisition and invoice registers contain additional information about supplies bought by the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the minutes of the Court/Board of Directors and the Executive Committee, as well as minutes of the Board of Physicians and Building Committee.  The majority of the volumes contain minutes of the Court/Board of Directors.  The history of the Board begins with the Court of Directors which was the original advisory committee that closely supervised the operation of the asylum.  The Court of Directors was later renamed the Board of Directors, and its nine appointed members were required to meet on a quarterly basis.  In 1903, the Board of Directors was replaced by a three-person group called the Special Board of Directors. There may be some overlapping use of older and newer names, but they describe the same basic administrative body.  The first volume of minutes contains a deed for the land on which the original hospital sat, the articles of agreement, and description of the area and original buildings.  In some cases, the minute books have overlapping dates, due to the presence of \"rough minutes\" in addition to the official minutes of Board meetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso related to the Board minutes are the minutes of the Executive Committee.  The Executive Committee was composed of a small number of members of the Court of Directors/Board of Directors. The Executive Committee was responsible for reviewing the superintendent's reports, auditing the steward's monthly expense accounts, and overseeing other matters that arose between Board meetings. An index to the Executive Committee minutes exists for the years 1901-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additionally, this series contains the minutes of the Board of Physicians, which include patient and treatment information, as well as discussion of hospital business and operations.  Also included are the minutes of the Building Committee (or Committee on Construction), which include records of money spent on construction projects, buildings, grounds and the general maintenance of the hospital structures.  Also included here are several folders of minutes from the Local Building Committee, which was responsible for managing construction projects at Eastern State.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two categories of press material: newspaper clippings and news summaries.  Some overlap exists between the two groups.  The news clippings were collected and maintained by Eastern State Hospital staff and are mainly photocopies from local newspapers of articles about Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally. Several folders of prominent articles are labeled by title and arranged at the end of the clippings section.  The news summaries are booklets of photocopied articles compiled by the Legislation and Public Relations Office of the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services for submission to the Secretary of Health and Human Resources.  The articles included in the summaries range from general health topics to specific stories about the state hospitals. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the newsletter \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Eastern Statesman\u003c/emph\u003e, which was produced by and largely for Eastern State Hospital employees, and to a lesser extent, patients and interested family and community members. The newsletters contain information about hospital policies, activities, and governmental legislation. They also contain photographs of employee activities and events, notations about births, weddings, illnesses, new-hires, retirements, employee service recognitions and other pertinent information. Also included for the years 1956-1957 are copies of the \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Literary Statesman\u003c/emph\u003e which feature stories and poetry, some written by patients. Both \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Eastern Statesman\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Literary Statesman\u003c/emph\u003e were widely distributed outside of the hospital. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains papers, transcribed speeches and lectures on a variety of topics such as drug addiction, medical conditions, types of therapy employed at Eastern State Hospital, and the use of certain medications.  Many of the papers, speeches and lectures were written and/or given by Eastern State Hospital leaders and employees. Material not attributed to a specific author can be found at the end of the list arranged according to the type of document.  These items were not included in Series XV. Publications because they are more informal in nature. Early essays and papers written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent). \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: patient records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  Transorbital lobotomy case book records (A-Z) are closed in their entirety for 125 years from the date of creation. \u003c/emph\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of registers related to patients and medical treatment at the hospital.  Included are record books kept by the night watchman and night watch nurse.  These volumes document the activities of the nighttime staff and describe the number of visits to each ward, the time and temperature of the ward at the time of the visit, as well as the names of patients and their level of \"excitement.\"  Also included are case books that provide medical treatment information, a record of surgical cultures, transorbital lobotomy records and a register of articles belonging to patients which includes a listing of clothing, money, jewelry and other personal effects.  This series also contains the art therapy drawings of a patient named Michael Condrey.  Researchers interested in admission, statistical and/or patient census information should see Series I. Admission and Statistical Registers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed of two ledgers of employee records. The earliest ledger includes names, beginning date of employment, rate of wages or salary, and occasionally notations regarding discharge or reassignment.  The later ledger contains only names and dates.  Also included in this series are records of student nurses and attendants who graduated from the Eastern State Hospital program, including names, dates of graduation, and ceremony programs.  For information on early hospital job descriptions, please see Series XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: Photographs that identify patients or depict medical treatments are restricted for 125 years.\u003c/emph\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains both black and white and color photographs that document activities, buildings, events, employees, and patients at Eastern State hospital.  The photographs depict various activities such as holiday parties, picnics, and special events such as the circus and horse shows.  The photos also show the buildings and grounds at both the downtown and Dunbar locations.  The employee photographs are mostly head shots, but some also document the receipt of service awards, as well as groups of food service employees, attendants, Grey Ladies (volunteers), and physicians.  The Safety Department photos show the demolition of structures, disaster drills, and other safety-related activities. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of publications ranging from articles to journals and books.  Most of the publications are mental health or hospital-related.  Some of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees and several of the periodicals were published by the Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the State Hospital Board.  The office that created and maintained these publications is unknown, though they may have been held by the Office of the Director or by the staff or patient libraries.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of published articles and pamphlets.  The articles cover topics ranging from general mental health and awareness to very specific psychological studies.  Many of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees.  Included here are published copies of many of Dr. John M. Galt's essays on mental health and other issues.  The rough drafts of many of Dr. Galt's essays can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains journals, periodicals and books related to mental illness generally, as well as specifically in Virginia. \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAdvance\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMental Health in Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e were published by the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals respectively. \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMental Hygiene Survey\u003c/emph\u003e was published by the State Hospital Board and \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVirginia Medical Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e was published by the Medical Society of Virginia.  Also included are a book on Galt family genealogy, a book about the Willard Asylum in New York, and other periodicals unrelated to mental health that were found in the collection.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two subseries of reports: annual and miscellaneous.  The annual reports were produced by the Auditor of Public Accounts, the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals, Eastern State Hospital, the State Hospital Board, and Western Lunatic Asylum.  The annual reports contain administrative, financial and operational information for each entity. The miscellaneous reports come from a variety of sources and document particular aspects of the mental health system in Virginia.  Topics include progress reports, civil commitment, community services, and general surveys.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital, Western State Hospital, the State Hospital Board and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  Also included is one volume containing the annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  Reports contain finanicial information for each state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Virginia.  All annual reports submitted to the Auditor were compiled into one volume.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual reports the Virginia Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  These reports document the year in review for the entire state agency under which the state hospitals operate. The reports often contain statistical and financial information for each institution under its governance, as well.   \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital.  The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. Also included are annual reports of two units of the hospital, the Medical Records Department and the Occupational Therapy Department.  Since this is not a comprehensive collection of annual reports, it may be necessary to look elsewhere for those that are missing. In the earliest years, annual reports for state institutions were part of the rough journals of the House of Delegates (1826-1846). Later, they became part of the Governor's message and annual reports of the public officers of the state (1847-1860s). Annual reports for all of Virginia's state agencies (1860s and beyond) were bound together as \"Annual Reports of Officers, Boards and Institutions of the Commonwealth of Virginia,\" (call no. JK3930.A21). \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual reports and some statistical supplements created by the State Hospital Board. The annual reports contain financial and operational information for the institutions under the oversight of the Board and information about the Board's activities as well.  The statistical supplements were meant to accompany the annual reports of the Board. The supplements contain the tables and charts to which the reports refer. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains annual reports for Western State Hospital. The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. These reports were most likely maintained by Eastern State Hospital for reference purposes.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of reports published by several sources.  The reports include comprehensive studies of the mental health system in Virginia, progress reports and correction plans, and general surveys. This series also includes reports devoted to community services, civil commitment, and serving the developmentally disabled.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains by-laws, rules and regulations for various aspects of Eastern State Hospital's operation including ward conduct and certain accounting procedures. The by-laws pamphlet contains detailed job descriptions for the hospital's main employees, as does the 1841 pamphlet devoted to rules and regulations.  For additional information on employees, please see Series XIII. Personnel Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRestricted: in their entirety, photographs featuring patients that are less than 125 years old (no redaction).\u003c/emph\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains scrapbooks created and maintained by an unknown person or office at Eastern State Hospital.  Most of the scrapbooks contain only newspaper clippings of articles pertaining to the hospital and pertinent mental health topics.  In some cases photographs, event programs and other memorabilia are included in the scrapbooks as well.  The scrapbooks are generally in fair condition, though the newspaper is yellowed and brittle.  Several scrapbooks were dismantled and put into boxes to prevent further damage.  In addition to the general hospital scrapbooks, one scrapbook pertaining to the library and one to the Children's Unit are also available.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of thesis papers, dissertations and projects pertaining to Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally.  Many of the papers were written using Eastern State and its patients as part of a case study, while others highlight the contribution of Galt family members to the hospital.  Other topics include psychopharmacology, schizophrenia, and the admission of children.  If the name of the writer's school was available, it was included in the description.  Many of the papers were written by students at local universities such as Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains volumes and paper records dating from 1770 to 2009.  The earliest material in the collection is a Court of Directors minute book, 1770-1801, though the bulk of the collection dates from the mid-nineteenth century through the twentieth century.  A few sporadic records from 2000-2009 exist as well.  Included in the Eastern State records are admission registers, correspondence and subject files, architectural drawings and construction files, photographs, personnel records, newsletters, news clippings, scrapbooks, publications and reports, meeting minutes, patient treatment, and financial records.  Also found in this collection are many files created and maintained by Dr. John Minson Galt, II that include his essays on mental health and other topics. The records as a whole document the complex administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, and to a lesser extent, patient life at Eastern State.\n","Restricted: admission and statistical registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  If redaction is not possible, the register (or certain parts of it) may be closed. Death records are restricted for 50 years.","Contains a variety of registers used for patient recordkeeping purposes.  Early admission records may not actually be admission records, but more accurately described as patient censuses that were conducted periodically.  Patients were added to the register alphabetically, with each alphabetical list ordered according to the admission date of the patient beginning with the earliest.  These registers were added to over several years when new patients were admitted or when older patients died or were discharged.  In some cases the entries are numbered, but it's unclear whether this is a true admission number.  The date ranges for these volumes reflect both the range of admission dates and the years for which the particular register was used for entries.  Researchers should note that considerable overlap exists between the early admission registers and that long-term patients may have entries in more than one register.  Later admission registers are organized chronologically by patient admission number, which loosely correlates to admission date.  The later registers do not have indices.  One volume of admission histories is also included in this series and contains additional personal information about each patient upon his or her arrival at the hospital.\n","Also included here are several registers of patients which are divided into three sections: a statistical tally of the number of males and females housed in the hospital for the respective years, lists of individual patient names, addresses, dates admitted and the results of the hospitalizations.  These registers also contain a complete diagnostic diary on individual patients which provide the name of the patient, treatment received and the patient's response.  The volume dated 1859-1861 also contains a Board report for the year 1887 that includes a narrative discussion of the operation of the hospital,patient care, a statistical breakdown of the number of patients by sex and age, and a list of patients who received clothing. ","This series also includes a list of furloughed patients, separate registers of hospital births, deaths, and discharges, cemetery burials, and several consolidated reports of changes in population.  Each population report contains detailed information about patient movements in the hospital such as the number of patients admitted, died, discharged, furloughed, escaped, total number of patients, total number of ward attendants, and application statistics.  Also included in these reports are handwritten notes pertaining to certain escapees, deaths, and discharges.","Contains loose drawings and plans as well as project files pertaining to buildings and structures at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.\n","Contains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for various buildings and structures on both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  Also included are maps and site plans.  Most of the drawings and plans pertain to the Dunbar site.  These drawings were found loose and without accompanying paperwork.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.\n","These oversize drawings and plans were separated from the other Eastern State material at some point in the past and were accessioned and arranged as part of the  General Architectural Files Collection ; particular folder numbers are indicated below as are the individual accession numbers.  ","Many of the plans are composed of multiple sheets each. This series contains architectural and engineering plans and drawings for several structures on the grounds of Eastern State Hospital, such as the Montague Building, the superintendent's residence, the laundry and bakery.  Researchers should note that additional drawings and plans can be found in Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and additional information about buildings and structures may be found in Subseries C. Building Files.","The Public Hospital at Williamsburg was constructed from 1771-1773. A third story was added in 1841. In 1885 the building (then known as the Eastern Lunatic Asylum) was destroyed by fire. In 1972, archaeologists from Colonial Williamsburg excavated the foundations. In 1979, reconstruction of the building was begun, using a detail of the 1829 drawing as a primary source of information about the structure. The rebuilt Public Hospital was opened in 1985."," This series also includes a very early elevations and plans for the entire hospital.  Hospital Keeper Dickie Gault (possibly Alexander Dickie Galt) created the drawing at the request of the Governor's office in 1829. Gault was paid out of the hospital treasury for his work. See the Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Report of the Directors of the Lunatic Hospital at Williamsburg, Document No. 12, (Richmond, 1830). A copy of this document is enclosed with the drawing.  ","Contains administrative files pertaining to various building and construction projects undertaken at both the downtown and Dunbar locations of Eastern State Hospital.  The files contain drawings, plans, contract and financial information, correspondence, maintenance manuals, operating instructions and other project-related documents.  Most of the files pertain to projects undertaken at the Dunbar location during its initial building phase.  Researchers should refer to Subseries A. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings and Subseries B. Architectural and Engineering Plans and Drawings (General Architecture Files Collection) for additional information on building projects. \n","Restricted: commitment registers that are less than 125 years old.  Due to the presence of restricted patient information, these records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  Commitment registers include the date upon which patient applications were received, the name of each patient, the name of the sheriff or police officer reporting the commitment, the place of residence of the patient, and the date of admission, if the patient was admitted.  The volumes may also include reasons for rejection, notations concerning escapes, deaths, and whether the patient was picked up from the local jail. Researchers should also note that sporadic early commitment papers can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).\n","Contains correspondence and subject files maintained by Eastern State Hospital administrators, directors, and superintendents.  The files document the administrative and operational aspects of the hospital, as well as legislation, public health issues, and special programs.  The earliest files also contain patient-related correspondence, essays on medical topics, and reports.\n","Correspondence and miscellaneous subject files created and/or maintained by the Assistant Director, Administrative, Martin S. Kline.  Files include those related to the history of the institution, loan agreements, and medical records automation.\n","Restricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. ","Correspondence and miscellaneous subject files from various/unknown offices, most likely the Office of the Director.  Topics of interest include the Eastern State Hospital Bicentennial Anniversary Commission, patient population statistical reports and surveys, the hospital's compliance with the Civil Rights Act, and the Child and Adolescent program.  The files cover the administrations of several hospital directors, including Dr. Granville L. Jones, Dr. Joseph E. Barrett, Dr. Kurt T. Schmidt, and David Pribble.\n","Files and miscellaneous items found together during processing that belonged to hospital director, Kurt T. Schmidt, M.D. The material was given its own subseries because it had been separated from the other correspondence and subject files associated with the Office of the Director.  Most of the items are personal in nature, except for a small amount of correspondence, an essay, and a speech on the state of the hospital.\n","Restricted: records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served. These items have been flagged. ","Contains correspondence, miscellaneous files and ledgers created and maintained during the earliest years of the hospital's existence.  Material from two accessions (31783 and 44812) were interfiled in this subseries for ease of research.  Most of the records can be traced to the era of superintendents Dr. John M. Galt, both father and son.  The correspondence is sporadic and mostly patient-related.  Many of the letters are from local jailors and sheriffs wishing to place insane inmates.  Other letters are from family members inquiring about the status of a particular patient.  A few personal letters and letters pertaining to hospital business matters also exist.  The files contain draft reports, accounts, bonds, contracts, and essays on mental health topics.  Much of this material is in draft form, may be missing pages, or is difficult to read.  Final publications of many of the draft essays written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series XV. Publications.\n","Restricted: financial registers containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.","Contains a variety of registers that document the financial history of the hospital.  Included are ledgers devoted to particular accounts, such as the building fund, contingent fund and support fund.  Also included are check stub books related to the Additions and Improvements Fund and the Auditor of Public Accounts. Other ledgers contain information on contracts awarded, patient personal funds and charges, steward's sales, transportation and amusement.  The largest subset of financial registers are the general ledgers and general journals.  The general ledgers served as the final accounting of funds received and disbursed. The ledgers provide information on money spent for capital outlay projects, legal expenses, medical supplies, food, amusement, equipment, postage, telephone and telegrams.  Ledgers for more recent years include information on grant monies, accounts such as the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Donation Fund and the Chapel Buildings Fund, and appropriations for the Behavior Modification Program.  In most cases, each general ledger is accompanied by a journal that features more descriptive information about accounts paid and received.  Researchers should not that the dates on the ledgers and journal often overlap for unknown reasons.  Several of the later general journals are restricted due to the presence of patient names and Medicaid information.  \n","Contains files related to histories written about Eastern State Hospital, the Galt family and other mental health topics.  Included is a card catalog of books once held in the Galt book collection, articles about the hospital, written histories and supporting documentation.\n","Contains a variety of registers related to the inventorying and issuing of food and other items at the hospital, such as day books, registers of stores issued and received, requisition and invoice registers, and a farm production register. "," The day books describe supplies maintained by and issued to particular staff members or units such as the matron, supervisor, chief cook, steward, and drug room or for particular purposes such as housekeeping. Examples of items inventoried include whiskey and wine, various foodstuffs, clothing, toiletries, and tobacco.  Handwritten notations made by the matron or supervisor can be found in some of the earlier daybooks.  ","The registers of stores issued contain lists of particular supplies, food and other items that were issued to various staff or hospital units.  These supplies include wagons, utensils, clothing, bedding, personal care items, and food. The registers of stores received account for the receipt of the above items before they were used or distributed to patients and staff.","A register of farm production, as well as registers of requisitions and invoices can also be found in this series.  The farm production register contains an inventory of fruits, vegetables and meat raised and harvested by the hospital.  The requisition and invoice registers contain additional information about supplies bought by the hospital.","Contains the minutes of the Court/Board of Directors and the Executive Committee, as well as minutes of the Board of Physicians and Building Committee.  The majority of the volumes contain minutes of the Court/Board of Directors.  The history of the Board begins with the Court of Directors which was the original advisory committee that closely supervised the operation of the asylum.  The Court of Directors was later renamed the Board of Directors, and its nine appointed members were required to meet on a quarterly basis.  In 1903, the Board of Directors was replaced by a three-person group called the Special Board of Directors. There may be some overlapping use of older and newer names, but they describe the same basic administrative body.  The first volume of minutes contains a deed for the land on which the original hospital sat, the articles of agreement, and description of the area and original buildings.  In some cases, the minute books have overlapping dates, due to the presence of \"rough minutes\" in addition to the official minutes of Board meetings.","Also related to the Board minutes are the minutes of the Executive Committee.  The Executive Committee was composed of a small number of members of the Court of Directors/Board of Directors. The Executive Committee was responsible for reviewing the superintendent's reports, auditing the steward's monthly expense accounts, and overseeing other matters that arose between Board meetings. An index to the Executive Committee minutes exists for the years 1901-1913."," Additionally, this series contains the minutes of the Board of Physicians, which include patient and treatment information, as well as discussion of hospital business and operations.  Also included are the minutes of the Building Committee (or Committee on Construction), which include records of money spent on construction projects, buildings, grounds and the general maintenance of the hospital structures.  Also included here are several folders of minutes from the Local Building Committee, which was responsible for managing construction projects at Eastern State.","Contains two categories of press material: newspaper clippings and news summaries.  Some overlap exists between the two groups.  The news clippings were collected and maintained by Eastern State Hospital staff and are mainly photocopies from local newspapers of articles about Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally. Several folders of prominent articles are labeled by title and arranged at the end of the clippings section.  The news summaries are booklets of photocopied articles compiled by the Legislation and Public Relations Office of the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services for submission to the Secretary of Health and Human Resources.  The articles included in the summaries range from general health topics to specific stories about the state hospitals. \n","Contains the newsletter  The Eastern Statesman , which was produced by and largely for Eastern State Hospital employees, and to a lesser extent, patients and interested family and community members. The newsletters contain information about hospital policies, activities, and governmental legislation. They also contain photographs of employee activities and events, notations about births, weddings, illnesses, new-hires, retirements, employee service recognitions and other pertinent information. Also included for the years 1956-1957 are copies of the  The Literary Statesman  which feature stories and poetry, some written by patients. Both  The Eastern Statesman  and  The Literary Statesman  were widely distributed outside of the hospital. \n","Contains papers, transcribed speeches and lectures on a variety of topics such as drug addiction, medical conditions, types of therapy employed at Eastern State Hospital, and the use of certain medications.  Many of the papers, speeches and lectures were written and/or given by Eastern State Hospital leaders and employees. Material not attributed to a specific author can be found at the end of the list arranged according to the type of document.  These items were not included in Series XV. Publications because they are more informal in nature. Early essays and papers written by Dr. John M. Galt can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent). \n","Restricted: patient records containing patient names or information that are less than 125 years old. Some records may require review by an archivist and/or redaction (if it is possible) before they are served.  Transorbital lobotomy case book records (A-Z) are closed in their entirety for 125 years from the date of creation. ","This series contains a variety of registers related to patients and medical treatment at the hospital.  Included are record books kept by the night watchman and night watch nurse.  These volumes document the activities of the nighttime staff and describe the number of visits to each ward, the time and temperature of the ward at the time of the visit, as well as the names of patients and their level of \"excitement.\"  Also included are case books that provide medical treatment information, a record of surgical cultures, transorbital lobotomy records and a register of articles belonging to patients which includes a listing of clothing, money, jewelry and other personal effects.  This series also contains the art therapy drawings of a patient named Michael Condrey.  Researchers interested in admission, statistical and/or patient census information should see Series I. Admission and Statistical Registers.","This series is composed of two ledgers of employee records. The earliest ledger includes names, beginning date of employment, rate of wages or salary, and occasionally notations regarding discharge or reassignment.  The later ledger contains only names and dates.  Also included in this series are records of student nurses and attendants who graduated from the Eastern State Hospital program, including names, dates of graduation, and ceremony programs.  For information on early hospital job descriptions, please see Series XVII. Rules, Regulations and Procedures.\n","Restricted: Photographs that identify patients or depict medical treatments are restricted for 125 years.","Contains both black and white and color photographs that document activities, buildings, events, employees, and patients at Eastern State hospital.  The photographs depict various activities such as holiday parties, picnics, and special events such as the circus and horse shows.  The photos also show the buildings and grounds at both the downtown and Dunbar locations.  The employee photographs are mostly head shots, but some also document the receipt of service awards, as well as groups of food service employees, attendants, Grey Ladies (volunteers), and physicians.  The Safety Department photos show the demolition of structures, disaster drills, and other safety-related activities. \n","Contains a variety of publications ranging from articles to journals and books.  Most of the publications are mental health or hospital-related.  Some of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees and several of the periodicals were published by the Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the State Hospital Board.  The office that created and maintained these publications is unknown, though they may have been held by the Office of the Director or by the staff or patient libraries.  \n","Contains a variety of published articles and pamphlets.  The articles cover topics ranging from general mental health and awareness to very specific psychological studies.  Many of the articles were written by Eastern State Hospital employees.  Included here are published copies of many of Dr. John M. Galt's essays on mental health and other issues.  The rough drafts of many of Dr. Galt's essays can be found in Series IV., Subseries D. Correspondence, Subject Files and Ledgers (Superintendent).   \n","Contains journals, periodicals and books related to mental illness generally, as well as specifically in Virginia.  Advance  and  Mental Health in Virginia  were published by the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals respectively.  Mental Hygiene Survey  was published by the State Hospital Board and  Virginia Medical Monthly  was published by the Medical Society of Virginia.  Also included are a book on Galt family genealogy, a book about the Willard Asylum in New York, and other periodicals unrelated to mental health that were found in the collection.  \n","Contains two subseries of reports: annual and miscellaneous.  The annual reports were produced by the Auditor of Public Accounts, the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals, Eastern State Hospital, the State Hospital Board, and Western Lunatic Asylum.  The annual reports contain administrative, financial and operational information for each entity. The miscellaneous reports come from a variety of sources and document particular aspects of the mental health system in Virginia.  Topics include progress reports, civil commitment, community services, and general surveys.\n","Contains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital, Western State Hospital, the State Hospital Board and the Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  Also included is one volume containing the annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  \n\t","Contains annual report of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts.  Reports contain finanicial information for each state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Virginia.  All annual reports submitted to the Auditor were compiled into one volume.  \n\t","Contains annual reports the Virginia Department of Mental Hygiene and Hospitals.  These reports document the year in review for the entire state agency under which the state hospitals operate. The reports often contain statistical and financial information for each institution under its governance, as well.   \n\t","Contains annual reports for Eastern State Hospital.  The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. Also included are annual reports of two units of the hospital, the Medical Records Department and the Occupational Therapy Department.  Since this is not a comprehensive collection of annual reports, it may be necessary to look elsewhere for those that are missing. In the earliest years, annual reports for state institutions were part of the rough journals of the House of Delegates (1826-1846). Later, they became part of the Governor's message and annual reports of the public officers of the state (1847-1860s). Annual reports for all of Virginia's state agencies (1860s and beyond) were bound together as \"Annual Reports of Officers, Boards and Institutions of the Commonwealth of Virginia,\" (call no. JK3930.A21). \n\t","Contains annual reports and some statistical supplements created by the State Hospital Board. The annual reports contain financial and operational information for the institutions under the oversight of the Board and information about the Board's activities as well.  The statistical supplements were meant to accompany the annual reports of the Board. The supplements contain the tables and charts to which the reports refer. \n\t","Contains annual reports for Western State Hospital. The annual reports were submitted to the General Assembly by the Court or Board of Directors every year. The reports were usually compiled by the superintendent and contain financial information as well as patient-related statistics, discussions of medical techniques, equipment or employment needs, patient life, and overall management of the hospital. These reports were most likely maintained by Eastern State Hospital for reference purposes.\n\t","Contains a variety of reports published by several sources.  The reports include comprehensive studies of the mental health system in Virginia, progress reports and correction plans, and general surveys. This series also includes reports devoted to community services, civil commitment, and serving the developmentally disabled.\n\t","Contains by-laws, rules and regulations for various aspects of Eastern State Hospital's operation including ward conduct and certain accounting procedures. The by-laws pamphlet contains detailed job descriptions for the hospital's main employees, as does the 1841 pamphlet devoted to rules and regulations.  For additional information on employees, please see Series XIII. Personnel Records.\n","Restricted: in their entirety, photographs featuring patients that are less than 125 years old (no redaction).","Contains scrapbooks created and maintained by an unknown person or office at Eastern State Hospital.  Most of the scrapbooks contain only newspaper clippings of articles pertaining to the hospital and pertinent mental health topics.  In some cases photographs, event programs and other memorabilia are included in the scrapbooks as well.  The scrapbooks are generally in fair condition, though the newspaper is yellowed and brittle.  Several scrapbooks were dismantled and put into boxes to prevent further damage.  In addition to the general hospital scrapbooks, one scrapbook pertaining to the library and one to the Children's Unit are also available.\n","Contains a variety of thesis papers, dissertations and projects pertaining to Eastern State Hospital and mental health topics generally.  Many of the papers were written using Eastern State and its patients as part of a case study, while others highlight the contribution of Galt family members to the hospital.  Other topics include psychopharmacology, schizophrenia, and the admission of children.  If the name of the writer's school was available, it was included in the description.  Many of the papers were written by students at local universities such as Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential or personally identifiable health information (PHI) less than 125 years of age that may be encountered during research will not be recorded, published, publicized, or re-disclosed to any other party for any purpose. Improper use and/or re-disclosure of privacy protected information is a breach of confidentiality which could result in the loss of access to the archival collections housed and maintained by The Library of Virginia, and could result in legal penalties (Code of Virginia, 18.2-186.3). Please see the \"Use Restrictions\" section of the finding aid for additional restriction information.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Confidential or personally identifiable health information (PHI) less than 125 years of age that may be encountered during research will not be recorded, published, publicized, or re-disclosed to any other party for any purpose. Improper use and/or re-disclosure of privacy protected information is a breach of confidentiality which could result in the loss of access to the archival collections housed and maintained by The Library of Virginia, and could result in legal penalties (Code of Virginia, 18.2-186.3). Please see the \"Use Restrictions\" section of the finding aid for additional restriction information.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1655,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03031_c15_c01_c63"}},{"id":"vi_vi00557_c9184","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n               1961","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00557_c9184#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00557_c9184","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00557_c9184"],"id":"vi_vi00557_c9184","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00557","_root_":"vi_vi00557","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00557","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00557","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00557"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00557"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"text":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986","Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n               1961","Box 21","Folder 27"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n                1961","title_ssm":["Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n               1961"],"title_tesim":["Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n               1961"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zylstra, Adelaide F. S., \n               1961"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":9184,"containers_ssim":["Box 21","Folder 27"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9183","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:29:44.223Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00557","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00557","_root_":"vi_vi00557","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00557","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00557.xml","title_ssm":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"title_tesim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["34483"],"text":["34483","L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986","41 cubic\n         feet.","There are no restrictions.","This collection was arranged chronologically by year\n         service was rendered and then alphabetically by client or\n         decedent's surname. The finding aid was created in an Access\n         database. The database was sorted alphabetically before\n         conversion into EAD. Decedents' names are listed\n         alphabetically.","Langdon Taylor Christian, also known as Major Langdon\n         Taylor Christian, was born on 26 May 1853, son of William\n         Edmund (1817-1865), a farmer, and Anne Elizabeth (Taylor)\n         Christian (1831-1863) of New Kent County, Virginia. In 1858\n         Christian moved with his family to Charles City County,\n         Virginia. His elementary education consisted of four months at\n         a private school in Richmond, Virginia, but did not progress\n         beyond basic reading and math. During his early teens, he\n         commenced working on a farm in Charles City County and never\n         returned to school. At the age of eighteen, he left his\n         parents' farm and came to Richmond where he worked for two\n         years in a tobacco factory. In 1872 Christian entered\n         employment with John A. Belvin, who owned the leading\n         furniture and undertaking business in Richmond. Christian\n         applied himself in this endeavour as a fine finisher,\n         varnisher, and cabinet maker, and when Belvin died in 1880\n         Christian succeeded him and reorganized the business to bear\n         his name.","L. T. Christian became widely known as a funeral director\n         and he soon entered politics. He was a member of the Richmond\n         city council for 10 years beginning in 1888. From 1900 to 1904\n         he served as a delegate from Richmond in the Virginia General\n         Assembly. Christian was also a member and leader of numerous\n         funeral directors' and fraternal organizations, including the\n         Masonic Home of Virginia. He had a hand in the initial\n         organization of the Virginia Game Protective Association, the\n         National Funeral Directors' Association (1883), the Virginia\n         Funeral Directors Association (1887), and the United States\n         College of Embalming (1889). In 1894 Christian co-authored a\n         bill to regulate the practice of embalming in Virginia, a bill\n         which became law that same year and inititated the\n         establishment of the first state examining board of embalming\n         in the United States. Christian also served in the Virginia\n         National Guard: he entered the Virginia Volunteers as a\n         private in 1872 and retired 26 years later with the rank of\n         major. On 5 October 1881, he married his first wife Isabella\n         \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. With her, Christian had three\n         children. She died in 1928, and he married second, Katherine\n         Dubose, who died 2 October 1935. The elder Christian died on\n         13 November 1935 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery.","Langdon Taylor Christian, Jr., was born on 28 August 1893,\n         the first son and youngest child of Langdon Taylor Christian\n         and his first wife Isabelle \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. Christian\n         graduated from McGuire's University School and became a\n         partner in his father's business by 1920. Upon his father's\n         death in 1935, Christian assumed the presidency of the funeral\n         home, a position he held until his retirement in June 1974.\n         Christian like his father was affiliated with a number of\n         fraternal and funeral director's organizations including the\n         National Funeral Directors Association. He married Ruth\n         Ashmore Valentine and the couple had two children. He died 23\n         October 1975 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery.","Records, 1912-1986 (bulk 1924-1986), of the clientele of\n         the Richmond, Virginia, funeral home organized and owned by L.\n         T. Christian (1853-1935) and later his son L. T. Christian,\n         Jr. (1893-1975). Within each client/decedent's file are\n         documents pertinent to their death, burial, and/or\n         disinterment. Documents within each file may include\n         advertisements, agreements, brochures, burial and funeral\n         records, death certificates, clippings, correspondence,\n         invoices, lists, military records, notes, obituaries,\n         pamphlets, permits, receipts, and oversize rubbings and\n         sketches of tombstones.","Sales agreements contracted between clients/decedents and\n         the funeral home may contain information including the\n         decedent's birthdate and/or age, birthplace, deathdate, place\n         of death, occupation, sex, race, residence, parents' names and\n         birthplace, next of kin and/or spouse, marital status, place\n         and date of interment, and the official conducting the\n         burial/memorial service. Other details on these agreements may\n         include funeral and burial costs, casket size, physician's\n         name, and cause of death. Obituaries and other newspaper\n         clippings concerning their death are also included for most\n         decedents. There are also handwritten notes containing other\n         information concerning the funeral arrangements in the\n         decedent's file. These notes may include drafts of obituaries,\n         lists of funeral attendants and pallbearers, registers of\n         funeral and memorial visitors, and burial plot locations.","Correspondence principally consists of letters, phone\n         messages, and telegrams exchanged between the funeral home and\n         the decedent's family members, estate administrators, and/or\n         executors, attorneys, government officials, and other funeral\n         homes. The correspondence concerns funeral arrangements,\n         payments or past debt on a funeral, gratitude for services\n         provided, and logistics of transport of the decedent. Receipts\n         and invoices often accompany the correspondence and note\n         charges for corpse transport, floral arrangements, embalming,\n         obituary notices, cemetery fees, federal (National\n         Cemeteries), state and city burial certificates and permits,\n         interment, and other funeral home costs. Other receipts and\n         invoices billed by other funeral businesses (i.e. cemeteries\n         and mortuaries) are also contained herein. Also interspersed\n         throughout this collection are medical examiner's (autopsy)\n         reports and embalmer's reports which note and often explain\n         cause of death. Embalmer's reports contain extensive detail\n         concerning mortuary cosmetology and the process of preparation\n         of the dead.","Military records and correspondence with military officials\n         often is included in the files for decedents who were veterans\n         of the United States Armed Services. These include soldiers\n         who died overseas during World War II, initially were buried\n         in foreign gravesites, and, after the war, were disinterred\n         and reinterred in Richmond with services provided by the L. T.\n         Christian Funeral Home. Both death and reinterment/funeral\n         service dates for these decedents are located in the file, but\n         they are organized chronologically according to the year they\n         were serviced by L. T. Christian Funeral Home. Similarly,\n         decedents who did not serve in the military but were\n         disinterred, relocated, and reinterred by the funeral home\n         have been filed according to the year they were\n         disinterred.","Other items in the collection include advertisements and\n         pamphlets provided by funeral businesses to the funeral home,\n         casket warranty certificates, coffin plates, dog tags,\n         oversize tombstone wax rubbings, and oversize sketches of\n         tombstone art.","(located in folder with Auld, John Hamilton)\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.","Business records\n         collection, Acc. 34483.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["34483"],"normalized_title_ssm":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"collection_title_tesim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"collection_ssim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records,\n         \n         1912-1986"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to The Library of Virginia by\n            Jim Valva on behalf of Bennett Funeral Home on 27 August\n            1993."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["41 cubic\n         feet."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged chronologically by year\n         service was rendered and then alphabetically by client or\n         decedent's surname. The finding aid was created in an Access\n         database. The database was sorted alphabetically before\n         conversion into EAD. Decedents' names are listed\n         alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection was arranged chronologically by year\n         service was rendered and then alphabetically by client or\n         decedent's surname. The finding aid was created in an Access\n         database. The database was sorted alphabetically before\n         conversion into EAD. Decedents' names are listed\n         alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLangdon Taylor Christian, also known as Major Langdon\n         Taylor Christian, was born on 26 May 1853, son of William\n         Edmund (1817-1865), a farmer, and Anne Elizabeth (Taylor)\n         Christian (1831-1863) of New Kent County, Virginia. In 1858\n         Christian moved with his family to Charles City County,\n         Virginia. His elementary education consisted of four months at\n         a private school in Richmond, Virginia, but did not progress\n         beyond basic reading and math. During his early teens, he\n         commenced working on a farm in Charles City County and never\n         returned to school. At the age of eighteen, he left his\n         parents' farm and came to Richmond where he worked for two\n         years in a tobacco factory. In 1872 Christian entered\n         employment with John A. Belvin, who owned the leading\n         furniture and undertaking business in Richmond. Christian\n         applied himself in this endeavour as a fine finisher,\n         varnisher, and cabinet maker, and when Belvin died in 1880\n         Christian succeeded him and reorganized the business to bear\n         his name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eL. T. Christian became widely known as a funeral director\n         and he soon entered politics. He was a member of the Richmond\n         city council for 10 years beginning in 1888. From 1900 to 1904\n         he served as a delegate from Richmond in the Virginia General\n         Assembly. Christian was also a member and leader of numerous\n         funeral directors' and fraternal organizations, including the\n         Masonic Home of Virginia. He had a hand in the initial\n         organization of the Virginia Game Protective Association, the\n         National Funeral Directors' Association (1883), the Virginia\n         Funeral Directors Association (1887), and the United States\n         College of Embalming (1889). In 1894 Christian co-authored a\n         bill to regulate the practice of embalming in Virginia, a bill\n         which became law that same year and inititated the\n         establishment of the first state examining board of embalming\n         in the United States. Christian also served in the Virginia\n         National Guard: he entered the Virginia Volunteers as a\n         private in 1872 and retired 26 years later with the rank of\n         major. On 5 October 1881, he married his first wife Isabella\n         \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. With her, Christian had three\n         children. She died in 1928, and he married second, Katherine\n         Dubose, who died 2 October 1935. The elder Christian died on\n         13 November 1935 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLangdon Taylor Christian, Jr., was born on 28 August 1893,\n         the first son and youngest child of Langdon Taylor Christian\n         and his first wife Isabelle \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. Christian\n         graduated from McGuire's University School and became a\n         partner in his father's business by 1920. Upon his father's\n         death in 1935, Christian assumed the presidency of the funeral\n         home, a position he held until his retirement in June 1974.\n         Christian like his father was affiliated with a number of\n         fraternal and funeral director's organizations including the\n         National Funeral Directors Association. He married Ruth\n         Ashmore Valentine and the couple had two children. He died 23\n         October 1975 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Langdon Taylor Christian, also known as Major Langdon\n         Taylor Christian, was born on 26 May 1853, son of William\n         Edmund (1817-1865), a farmer, and Anne Elizabeth (Taylor)\n         Christian (1831-1863) of New Kent County, Virginia. In 1858\n         Christian moved with his family to Charles City County,\n         Virginia. His elementary education consisted of four months at\n         a private school in Richmond, Virginia, but did not progress\n         beyond basic reading and math. During his early teens, he\n         commenced working on a farm in Charles City County and never\n         returned to school. At the age of eighteen, he left his\n         parents' farm and came to Richmond where he worked for two\n         years in a tobacco factory. In 1872 Christian entered\n         employment with John A. Belvin, who owned the leading\n         furniture and undertaking business in Richmond. Christian\n         applied himself in this endeavour as a fine finisher,\n         varnisher, and cabinet maker, and when Belvin died in 1880\n         Christian succeeded him and reorganized the business to bear\n         his name.","L. T. Christian became widely known as a funeral director\n         and he soon entered politics. He was a member of the Richmond\n         city council for 10 years beginning in 1888. From 1900 to 1904\n         he served as a delegate from Richmond in the Virginia General\n         Assembly. Christian was also a member and leader of numerous\n         funeral directors' and fraternal organizations, including the\n         Masonic Home of Virginia. He had a hand in the initial\n         organization of the Virginia Game Protective Association, the\n         National Funeral Directors' Association (1883), the Virginia\n         Funeral Directors Association (1887), and the United States\n         College of Embalming (1889). In 1894 Christian co-authored a\n         bill to regulate the practice of embalming in Virginia, a bill\n         which became law that same year and inititated the\n         establishment of the first state examining board of embalming\n         in the United States. Christian also served in the Virginia\n         National Guard: he entered the Virginia Volunteers as a\n         private in 1872 and retired 26 years later with the rank of\n         major. On 5 October 1881, he married his first wife Isabella\n         \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. With her, Christian had three\n         children. She died in 1928, and he married second, Katherine\n         Dubose, who died 2 October 1935. The elder Christian died on\n         13 November 1935 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery.","Langdon Taylor Christian, Jr., was born on 28 August 1893,\n         the first son and youngest child of Langdon Taylor Christian\n         and his first wife Isabelle \"Belle\" Beverley Brown. Christian\n         graduated from McGuire's University School and became a\n         partner in his father's business by 1920. Upon his father's\n         death in 1935, Christian assumed the presidency of the funeral\n         home, a position he held until his retirement in June 1974.\n         Christian like his father was affiliated with a number of\n         fraternal and funeral director's organizations including the\n         National Funeral Directors Association. He married Ruth\n         Ashmore Valentine and the couple had two children. He died 23\n         October 1975 and was interred in Hollywood Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eL. T. Christian Funeral Home Records, 1912-1986.\n            Accession 34483, Business records collection, The Library\n            of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["L. T. Christian Funeral Home Records, 1912-1986.\n            Accession 34483, Business records collection, The Library\n            of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1912-1986 (bulk 1924-1986), of the clientele of\n         the Richmond, Virginia, funeral home organized and owned by L.\n         T. Christian (1853-1935) and later his son L. T. Christian,\n         Jr. (1893-1975). Within each client/decedent's file are\n         documents pertinent to their death, burial, and/or\n         disinterment. Documents within each file may include\n         advertisements, agreements, brochures, burial and funeral\n         records, death certificates, clippings, correspondence,\n         invoices, lists, military records, notes, obituaries,\n         pamphlets, permits, receipts, and oversize rubbings and\n         sketches of tombstones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSales agreements contracted between clients/decedents and\n         the funeral home may contain information including the\n         decedent's birthdate and/or age, birthplace, deathdate, place\n         of death, occupation, sex, race, residence, parents' names and\n         birthplace, next of kin and/or spouse, marital status, place\n         and date of interment, and the official conducting the\n         burial/memorial service. Other details on these agreements may\n         include funeral and burial costs, casket size, physician's\n         name, and cause of death. Obituaries and other newspaper\n         clippings concerning their death are also included for most\n         decedents. There are also handwritten notes containing other\n         information concerning the funeral arrangements in the\n         decedent's file. These notes may include drafts of obituaries,\n         lists of funeral attendants and pallbearers, registers of\n         funeral and memorial visitors, and burial plot locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence principally consists of letters, phone\n         messages, and telegrams exchanged between the funeral home and\n         the decedent's family members, estate administrators, and/or\n         executors, attorneys, government officials, and other funeral\n         homes. The correspondence concerns funeral arrangements,\n         payments or past debt on a funeral, gratitude for services\n         provided, and logistics of transport of the decedent. Receipts\n         and invoices often accompany the correspondence and note\n         charges for corpse transport, floral arrangements, embalming,\n         obituary notices, cemetery fees, federal (National\n         Cemeteries), state and city burial certificates and permits,\n         interment, and other funeral home costs. Other receipts and\n         invoices billed by other funeral businesses (i.e. cemeteries\n         and mortuaries) are also contained herein. Also interspersed\n         throughout this collection are medical examiner's (autopsy)\n         reports and embalmer's reports which note and often explain\n         cause of death. Embalmer's reports contain extensive detail\n         concerning mortuary cosmetology and the process of preparation\n         of the dead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary records and correspondence with military officials\n         often is included in the files for decedents who were veterans\n         of the United States Armed Services. These include soldiers\n         who died overseas during World War II, initially were buried\n         in foreign gravesites, and, after the war, were disinterred\n         and reinterred in Richmond with services provided by the L. T.\n         Christian Funeral Home. Both death and reinterment/funeral\n         service dates for these decedents are located in the file, but\n         they are organized chronologically according to the year they\n         were serviced by L. T. Christian Funeral Home. Similarly,\n         decedents who did not serve in the military but were\n         disinterred, relocated, and reinterred by the funeral home\n         have been filed according to the year they were\n         disinterred.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items in the collection include advertisements and\n         pamphlets provided by funeral businesses to the funeral home,\n         casket warranty certificates, coffin plates, dog tags,\n         oversize tombstone wax rubbings, and oversize sketches of\n         tombstone art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(located in folder with Auld, John Hamilton)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 1912-1986 (bulk 1924-1986), of the clientele of\n         the Richmond, Virginia, funeral home organized and owned by L.\n         T. Christian (1853-1935) and later his son L. T. Christian,\n         Jr. (1893-1975). Within each client/decedent's file are\n         documents pertinent to their death, burial, and/or\n         disinterment. Documents within each file may include\n         advertisements, agreements, brochures, burial and funeral\n         records, death certificates, clippings, correspondence,\n         invoices, lists, military records, notes, obituaries,\n         pamphlets, permits, receipts, and oversize rubbings and\n         sketches of tombstones.","Sales agreements contracted between clients/decedents and\n         the funeral home may contain information including the\n         decedent's birthdate and/or age, birthplace, deathdate, place\n         of death, occupation, sex, race, residence, parents' names and\n         birthplace, next of kin and/or spouse, marital status, place\n         and date of interment, and the official conducting the\n         burial/memorial service. Other details on these agreements may\n         include funeral and burial costs, casket size, physician's\n         name, and cause of death. Obituaries and other newspaper\n         clippings concerning their death are also included for most\n         decedents. There are also handwritten notes containing other\n         information concerning the funeral arrangements in the\n         decedent's file. These notes may include drafts of obituaries,\n         lists of funeral attendants and pallbearers, registers of\n         funeral and memorial visitors, and burial plot locations.","Correspondence principally consists of letters, phone\n         messages, and telegrams exchanged between the funeral home and\n         the decedent's family members, estate administrators, and/or\n         executors, attorneys, government officials, and other funeral\n         homes. The correspondence concerns funeral arrangements,\n         payments or past debt on a funeral, gratitude for services\n         provided, and logistics of transport of the decedent. Receipts\n         and invoices often accompany the correspondence and note\n         charges for corpse transport, floral arrangements, embalming,\n         obituary notices, cemetery fees, federal (National\n         Cemeteries), state and city burial certificates and permits,\n         interment, and other funeral home costs. Other receipts and\n         invoices billed by other funeral businesses (i.e. cemeteries\n         and mortuaries) are also contained herein. Also interspersed\n         throughout this collection are medical examiner's (autopsy)\n         reports and embalmer's reports which note and often explain\n         cause of death. Embalmer's reports contain extensive detail\n         concerning mortuary cosmetology and the process of preparation\n         of the dead.","Military records and correspondence with military officials\n         often is included in the files for decedents who were veterans\n         of the United States Armed Services. These include soldiers\n         who died overseas during World War II, initially were buried\n         in foreign gravesites, and, after the war, were disinterred\n         and reinterred in Richmond with services provided by the L. T.\n         Christian Funeral Home. Both death and reinterment/funeral\n         service dates for these decedents are located in the file, but\n         they are organized chronologically according to the year they\n         were serviced by L. T. Christian Funeral Home. Similarly,\n         decedents who did not serve in the military but were\n         disinterred, relocated, and reinterred by the funeral home\n         have been filed according to the year they were\n         disinterred.","Other items in the collection include advertisements and\n         pamphlets provided by funeral businesses to the funeral home,\n         casket warranty certificates, coffin plates, dog tags,\n         oversize tombstone wax rubbings, and oversize sketches of\n         tombstone art.","(located in folder with Auld, John Hamilton)\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eBusiness records\n         collection, Acc. 34483.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Business records\n         collection, Acc. 34483."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9184,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:29:44.223Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00557_c9184"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":475203},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.sort=index"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.sort=index"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) 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