{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Yorkshire+%28England%29\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Yorkshire+%28England%29\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fairfax, Elizabeth","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This recipe book, owned by Elizabeth Fairfax Spencer, contains numerous cooking and medicinal recipes popular in 17th and 18th century England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_193.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book","title_ssm":["Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book"],"title_tesim":["Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1694-1795"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1694-1795"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0202","/repositories/2/resources/193"],"text":["C0202","/repositories/2/resources/193","Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book","Yorkshire (England)","Cooking","Cookbooks","Medicine","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","A digital version of the cookbook is available ","Organized according to recipe.","The Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book is associated with two women of the Fairfax family by the two inscriptions present on the front page. The first inscription, a memorial to Frances Lady Fairfax reads \"Frances Lady Fairfax Daughter of Sr. Thomas Chaloner was baptized Feb'ry the 20th, 1610 and dyed Jan'ry the 2nd 1692. She was Sixty years Mrs of Steeton as appears by her Arms set up w'th Sir William Fairfax over the hall door 1633.\" The other inscription reads \"Elizabeth Fairfax Hir Booke 1694.\" Lady Frances Fairfax was the daughter of Sir Thomas Chaloner by his second wife Judith Blount. Sir Thomas Chaloner served as Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel and St Mawes. He also acted as tutor to Prince Henry the eldest son of James the 1st. Around 1630 Frances married Sir William Fairfax. During the English civil war Sir William, along with Frances' brothers James and Thomas, fought on the side of Parliament. On September 18, 1644 Sir William was mortally wounded during the relief of Montgomery Castle. Lady Frances and Sir William had four children, sons William and Thomas and daughters Catherine and Isabella. Little is known of Elizabeth Fairfax but it has been surmised that she was the granddaughter of Frances and William, being the daughter of either William or Thomas. Elizabeth Fairfax married Thomas Spencer of Attercliffe Hall. The Fairfax family resided in Yorkshire. ","Whether original owner of the book was Frances of Elizabeth Fairfax is unclear. In addition to the inscription attributing the book to Elizabeth Fairfax, the initials E.F have been stamped into the back and front covers of the volume, suggesting that the book did originally belong to Elizabeth. ","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in May 2025.","From 2016-2025, the Arts and Humanities team of Mason Libraries underwent the Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book project, producing an Omeka site that delves into the history of the recipe book. ","Omeka site: ","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections and rare books on the subject of cooking and the history of domesticity.","The book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","This recipe book, owned by Elizabeth Fairfax Spencer, contains numerous cooking and medicinal recipes popular in 17th and 18th century England.","R45, C1, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. 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","Omeka site: ","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections and rare books on the subject of cooking and the history of domesticity."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. 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The first inscription, a memorial to Frances Lady Fairfax reads \"Frances Lady Fairfax Daughter of Sr. Thomas Chaloner was baptized Feb'ry the 20th, 1610 and dyed Jan'ry the 2nd 1692. She was Sixty years Mrs of Steeton as appears by her Arms set up w'th Sir William Fairfax over the hall door 1633.\" The other inscription reads \"Elizabeth Fairfax Hir Booke 1694.\" Lady Frances Fairfax was the daughter of Sir Thomas Chaloner by his second wife Judith Blount. Sir Thomas Chaloner served as Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel and St Mawes. He also acted as tutor to Prince Henry the eldest son of James the 1st. Around 1630 Frances married Sir William Fairfax. During the English civil war Sir William, along with Frances' brothers James and Thomas, fought on the side of Parliament. On September 18, 1644 Sir William was mortally wounded during the relief of Montgomery Castle. Lady Frances and Sir William had four children, sons William and Thomas and daughters Catherine and Isabella. Little is known of Elizabeth Fairfax but it has been surmised that she was the granddaughter of Frances and William, being the daughter of either William or Thomas. Elizabeth Fairfax married Thomas Spencer of Attercliffe Hall. The Fairfax family resided in Yorkshire. ","Whether original owner of the book was Frances of Elizabeth Fairfax is unclear. In addition to the inscription attributing the book to Elizabeth Fairfax, the initials E.F have been stamped into the back and front covers of the volume, suggesting that the book did originally belong to Elizabeth. ","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in May 2025.","From 2016-2025, the Arts and Humanities team of Mason Libraries underwent the Fairfax-Spencer family recipe book project, producing an Omeka site that delves into the history of the recipe book. ","Omeka site: ","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections and rare books on the subject of cooking and the history of domesticity.","The book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","This recipe book, owned by Elizabeth Fairfax Spencer, contains numerous cooking and medicinal recipes popular in 17th and 18th century England.","R45, C1, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. 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","Omeka site: ","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections and rare books on the subject of cooking and the history of domesticity."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The book contains over two hundred recipes for cookery, medicine and household products. The recipes are handwritten on vellum. The recipes in the book have been written in by several different people and had been continually added until approximately 1795. Several of the pages have been cut out from the book, and several blank pages still remain where more recipes could have been added. The first half of the book is dedicated to cookery. Recipes for cooking include titles such as \"To Make Biskets ye Lady Ingrams way,\" \"To Make the Fine Great Cake,\" \"A Dutch Pudding,\" and \"Fritters.\" Some of the recipes have been numbered, but this numbering is not consistent throughout the book. The second half of the book is dedicated to medicine and household products. Entries for medicinal remedies give recipes for salves, drinks and powders and common folk remedies. Titles for medicinal recipes include \"Powder for Convulsion Fits, which was never known to fail when taken in time,\" \"For ye Scurvey,\" and \"To Preserve the Face from Puffying.\" Recipes for both cooking and medicine contain vague descriptions of measurements and procedures, but provide some information as to the cost of ingredients and commonly used units of measure for the time period."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fc3727dd22e08b58279662c59a9c1760\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis recipe book, owned by Elizabeth Fairfax Spencer, contains numerous cooking and medicinal recipes popular in 17th and 18th century England.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This recipe book, owned by Elizabeth Fairfax Spencer, contains numerous cooking and medicinal recipes popular in 17th and 18th century England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b16046d5a3742194fc297bfb93d4ad8\"\u003eR45, C1, S1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R45, C1, S1"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax, Elizabeth"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Fairfax, Elizabeth"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:29:15.553Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_193"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_668.xml","title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"unitdate_ssm":["1751-1754"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1754"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"text":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668","Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)","International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\"  Skircoat Green Directory (blog) . April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\"  Encyclopedia Virginia . December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938.  Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck . Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.","Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the  Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection ,  Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County , and  Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia .","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","R 72, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"collection_ssim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creators_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"places_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Jerry Showalter in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1751,1752,1753,1754],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" \u003ctitle\u003eSkircoat Green Directory (blog)\u003c/title\u003e. April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" \u003ctitle\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Harrison. 1938. \u003ctitle\u003eLegends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck\u003c/title\u003e. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\"  Skircoat Green Directory (blog) . April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\"  Encyclopedia Virginia . December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938.  Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck . Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJosias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0350\"\u003eNote from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the  Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection ,  Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County , and  Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia .","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43176c7a47b90368fed77c369b98ff8a\"\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dbf3cedbecf849b40b0682a8d4b870c5\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clapham, Josias"],"persname_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:33:57.755Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_668.xml","title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"unitdate_ssm":["1751-1754"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1754"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"text":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668","Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)","International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\"  Skircoat Green Directory (blog) . April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\"  Encyclopedia Virginia . December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938.  Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck . Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.","Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the  Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection ,  Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County , and  Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia .","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","R 72, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","English \n.    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There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Jerry Showalter in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1751,1752,1753,1754],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" \u003ctitle\u003eSkircoat Green Directory (blog)\u003c/title\u003e. April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" \u003ctitle\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Harrison. 1938. \u003ctitle\u003eLegends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck\u003c/title\u003e. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\"  Skircoat Green Directory (blog) . April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\"  Encyclopedia Virginia . December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938.  Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck . Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJosias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0350\"\u003eNote from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the  Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection ,  Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County , and  Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia .","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43176c7a47b90368fed77c369b98ff8a\"\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dbf3cedbecf849b40b0682a8d4b870c5\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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