{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Religion+--+19th+century","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Religion+--+19th+century\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"First Baptist Church collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"First Baptist Church Collection","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"text":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602","First Baptist Church collection","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.","The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. ","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. ","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. ","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. ","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. ","This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creators_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On extended loan from the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eViewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWorshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. ","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. ","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. ","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. ","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFirst Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["First Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:51.075Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"First Baptist Church Collection","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"text":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602","First Baptist Church collection","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.","The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. ","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. ","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. ","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. ","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. ","This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creators_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On extended loan from the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eViewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWorshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. ","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. ","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. ","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. ","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFirst Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["First Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:51.075Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jane Davis Syle letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9430#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9430#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA twelve page extended letter written by Jane Davis Syle while she was on a missionary voyage to China with her husband, Edward W. Syle. (Contains language that is derogatory towards the people of Asia and of Asian descent.)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9430#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9430.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jane Davis Syle letter","title_ssm":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"title_tesim":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845 September 12-1845 October 6"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845 September 12-1845 October 6"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01701","/repositories/2/resources/9430"],"text":["SC 01701","/repositories/2/resources/9430","Jane Davis Syle letter","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","China--Description and travel","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--History","Missions, American--China--19th century","Missions--China--19th century","Shanghai (China)--Description and travel","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","A twelve page extended letter written by Jane Davis Syle while she was on a missionary voyage to China with her husband, Edward W. Syle. (Contains language that is derogatory towards the people of Asia and of Asian descent.)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01701","/repositories/2/resources/9430"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"collection_ssim":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Religion -- 19th century","China--Description and travel"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Religion -- 19th century","China--Description and travel"],"creator_ssm":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"creator_ssim":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"creators_ssim":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Religion -- 19th century","China--Description and travel"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--History","Missions, American--China--19th century","Missions--China--19th century","Shanghai (China)--Description and travel"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--History","Missions, American--China--19th century","Missions--China--19th century","Shanghai (China)--Description and travel"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet A single legal sized folder."],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet A single legal sized folder."],"date_range_isim":[1845],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJane Davis Syle Letter, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Jane Davis Syle Letter, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA twelve page extended letter written by Jane Davis Syle while she was on a missionary voyage to China with her husband, Edward W. Syle. (Contains language that is derogatory towards the people of Asia and of Asian descent.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A twelve page extended letter written by Jane Davis Syle while she was on a missionary voyage to China with her husband, Edward W. Syle. (Contains language that is derogatory towards the people of Asia and of Asian descent.)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:17:50.889Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9430","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9430.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jane Davis Syle letter","title_ssm":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"title_tesim":["Jane Davis Syle letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845 September 12-1845 October 6"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845 September 12-1845 October 6"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01701","/repositories/2/resources/9430"],"text":["SC 01701","/repositories/2/resources/9430","Jane Davis Syle letter","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","China--Description and travel","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--History","Missions, American--China--19th century","Missions--China--19th century","Shanghai (China)--Description and travel","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","A twelve page extended letter written by Jane Davis Syle while she was on a missionary voyage to China with her husband, Edward W. Syle. 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(Contains language that is derogatory towards the people of Asia and of Asian descent.)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Syle, Jane Davis, Died 1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:17:50.889Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9430"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lucy P. Ruddy Diary","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_694#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ruddy, Lucy P.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_694#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLucy P. Ruddy's journal is a small one, only covering the period from January 1 - August 3, 1893. The faintly lined pages are unnumbered, except for a few that Lucy numbered at the beginning (pages 1 - 13). She began this journal as a young woman living in late 19th century New England, apparently in or near Lynn, Massachusetts. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_694#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_694.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ruddy, Lucy P. Diary","title_ssm":["Lucy P. Ruddy Diary"],"title_tesim":["Lucy P. Ruddy Diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00741","/repositories/2/resources/694"],"text":["SC 00741","/repositories/2/resources/694","Lucy P. Ruddy Diary","Massachusetts--Social life and customs--19th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Teenage girls--Diaries","Women--Diaries","Young women--Diaries","Diaries","1 vol., circa 55 pp. (7\" x 8.25\")","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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For Marcia, she states that she wishes that \"[she] would start for Christ;\" for Fred, she writes, \"if only [he] were here, that he might give himself up to Jesus.\" And, for Gracie, she reports that she had \"given her heart to Jesus to- night [sic],\" for which she was \"so very glad for it.\" ","In the early part of this journal (the winter months), she remarked on fun activities in her area, like \"sleighing\" and \"skating.\" In the last journal entries (written in the summer, July 14 - August 3), she reported on a vacation trip she had taken, traveling apparently to Maine by train and boat. There she writes of helping \"Aunty\" \nand of the outings she took with her and others. In her last entry she described a couple of uncommon occurrences for her, like having \"tin-types taken for fun\" and of being \"weiged\" [weighed]. 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Ruddy\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy P. Ruddy Diary, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lucy P. Ruddy Diary, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed in June 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warrren E. Burger Archivist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescription enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed in June 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warrren E. Burger Archivist. ","Description enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy P. Ruddy's journal is a small one, only covering the period from January 1 - August 3, 1893. The faintly lined pages are unnumbered, except for a few that Lucy numbered at the beginning (pages 1 - 13). She began this journal as a young woman living in late 19th century New England, apparently in or near Lynn, Massachusetts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn her title page, she displayed her name \"Lucy P. Ruddy,\" the year \n\"1893,\" and a solemn declaration, \"This year for Christ,\" followed by her initials. Her first entry after that title page, made on \"Sunday, Jan. 1st, 1893,\" recited that she had \"again consecrated my-self to the Lords [sic] service . . . .\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe entries that follow, until August 3, 1893, show that she helped at home with household chores, worked in a store (Mr. Wheeler's) and attended church and sabbath school regularly. 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Her first entry after that title page, made on \"Sunday, Jan. 1st, 1893,\" recited that she had \"again consecrated my-self to the Lords [sic] service . . . .\" ","The entries that follow, until August 3, 1893, show that she helped at home with household chores, worked in a store (Mr. Wheeler's) and attended church and sabbath school regularly. During this period, when the \"Panic of 1893\" was depressing the American economy, she noted some slow times at the store. For one of these days, she wrote it was \"very dull in the store not much trade.\" ","On several occasions she recorded her concern for the spiritual well-being of persons she knew. For Marcia, she states that she wishes that \"[she] would start for Christ;\" for Fred, she writes, \"if only [he] were here, that he might give himself up to Jesus.\" And, for Gracie, she reports that she had \"given her heart to Jesus to- night [sic],\" for which she was \"so very glad for it.\" ","In the early part of this journal (the winter months), she remarked on fun activities in her area, like \"sleighing\" and \"skating.\" In the last journal entries (written in the summer, July 14 - August 3), she reported on a vacation trip she had taken, traveling apparently to Maine by train and boat. There she writes of helping \"Aunty\" \nand of the outings she took with her and others. In her last entry she described a couple of uncommon occurrences for her, like having \"tin-types taken for fun\" and of being \"weiged\" [weighed]. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Ruddy, Lucy P."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Ruddy, Lucy P."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:04:10.955Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_694","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_694.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ruddy, Lucy P. 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"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy P. Ruddy's journal is a small one, only covering the period from January 1 - August 3, 1893. The faintly lined pages are unnumbered, except for a few that Lucy numbered at the beginning (pages 1 - 13). She began this journal as a young woman living in late 19th century New England, apparently in or near Lynn, Massachusetts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn her title page, she displayed her name \"Lucy P. Ruddy,\" the year \n\"1893,\" and a solemn declaration, \"This year for Christ,\" followed by her initials. Her first entry after that title page, made on \"Sunday, Jan. 1st, 1893,\" recited that she had \"again consecrated my-self to the Lords [sic] service . . . .\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe entries that follow, until August 3, 1893, show that she helped at home with household chores, worked in a store (Mr. Wheeler's) and attended church and sabbath school regularly. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Rev. George Whitefield Bosworth (1818-1888) was a Baptist minister at Free Street Church in Portland, Maine, where he also served as president of the Maine Baptist Missionary Society.","Travel diary for Baptist minister and missionary, George Whitefield Bosworth of Portland, Maine.  Leather-bound, monogrammed diary consists of detailed accounts of travels through Europe and Africa, with trips down the Nile River and into the Sinai Desert. Also contains contemplation on religious institutions and belief systems, specifically Islam and Roman Catholicism as they pertain to Bosworth's New England Protestantism. 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Mead Diary","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7913#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mead, Sarah M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7913#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. 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Mead Diary","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Young women--Diaries","Children--History--19th century","Teenage girls--Diaries","Women--Education--New York--History","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Description enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne.","Sarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" ","Like many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. ","Before August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. ","On some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]","During these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. ","August 1856 and Later: On August 3, 1856, Sarah noted that \"I am now 18th years old . . . .\" She acknowledged it had been \"some years since\" she wrote in her journal, during which there had been some \"sad times\" as well as \"happy.\" She then described some events during this interim period, like when she \"went east;\" took a \"pleasher\" [pleasure] ride on the steam boat\" on the \"Fourth of July in 1855;\" \"got a quanted\" [acquainted] with \"Mr. Acherson\" and having \"a pleasant slay [sleigh] ride together.\" ","From this entry forward, her entries reflect more of the concerns of a young woman, one who no longer was learning lessons at school, but working at home (performing \"daley duteys\"), connecting socially with others through home visits and at church meetings, and striving to become - in her mind - the right kind of adult. ","Additional item: One calling card, with the name \"Sarah M Mead\" on one side. On the other side is a handwritten inquiry addressed to a \"Dear Frend [sic].\" ","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mead, Sarah M.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00835","/repositories/2/resources/7913"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sarah M. Mead Diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sarah M. Mead Diary"],"collection_ssim":["Sarah M. 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Mead Diary, 1850, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDescription enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Description enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLike many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1856 and Later: On August 3, 1856, Sarah noted that \"I am now 18th years old . . . .\" She acknowledged it had been \"some years since\" she wrote in her journal, during which there had been some \"sad times\" as well as \"happy.\" She then described some events during this interim period, like when she \"went east;\" took a \"pleasher\" [pleasure] ride on the steam boat\" on the \"Fourth of July in 1855;\" \"got a quanted\" [acquainted] with \"Mr. Acherson\" and having \"a pleasant slay [sleigh] ride together.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom this entry forward, her entries reflect more of the concerns of a young woman, one who no longer was learning lessons at school, but working at home (performing \"daley duteys\"), connecting socially with others through home visits and at church meetings, and striving to become - in her mind - the right kind of adult. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional item: One calling card, with the name \"Sarah M Mead\" on one side. On the other side is a handwritten inquiry addressed to a \"Dear Frend [sic].\" \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Sarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" ","Like many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. ","Before August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. ","On some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]","During these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. ","August 1856 and Later: On August 3, 1856, Sarah noted that \"I am now 18th years old . . . .\" She acknowledged it had been \"some years since\" she wrote in her journal, during which there had been some \"sad times\" as well as \"happy.\" She then described some events during this interim period, like when she \"went east;\" took a \"pleasher\" [pleasure] ride on the steam boat\" on the \"Fourth of July in 1855;\" \"got a quanted\" [acquainted] with \"Mr. Acherson\" and having \"a pleasant slay [sleigh] ride together.\" ","From this entry forward, her entries reflect more of the concerns of a young woman, one who no longer was learning lessons at school, but working at home (performing \"daley duteys\"), connecting socially with others through home visits and at church meetings, and striving to become - in her mind - the right kind of adult. ","Additional item: One calling card, with the name \"Sarah M Mead\" on one side. On the other side is a handwritten inquiry addressed to a \"Dear Frend [sic].\" "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mead, Sarah M."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Mead, Sarah M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:23:42.119Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7913","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7913","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7913","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7913","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7913.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Mead, Sarah M. 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If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Description enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne.","Sarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" ","Like many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. ","Before August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. ","On some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]","During these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. 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Mead Diary, 1850, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDescription enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Description enhanced in July 2019 by Robert Browne."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLike many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1856 and Later: On August 3, 1856, Sarah noted that \"I am now 18th years old . . . .\" She acknowledged it had been \"some years since\" she wrote in her journal, during which there had been some \"sad times\" as well as \"happy.\" She then described some events during this interim period, like when she \"went east;\" took a \"pleasher\" [pleasure] ride on the steam boat\" on the \"Fourth of July in 1855;\" \"got a quanted\" [acquainted] with \"Mr. Acherson\" and having \"a pleasant slay [sleigh] ride together.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom this entry forward, her entries reflect more of the concerns of a young woman, one who no longer was learning lessons at school, but working at home (performing \"daley duteys\"), connecting socially with others through home visits and at church meetings, and striving to become - in her mind - the right kind of adult. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional item: One calling card, with the name \"Sarah M Mead\" on one side. On the other side is a handwritten inquiry addressed to a \"Dear Frend [sic].\" \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Sarah M. Mead's journal is a small, leather bound book, approximately 4\" X 6.5\" (10 cm X 16 cm) in size. It consists of 138 unnumbered pages. According to the first page, she began it on July 15, 1850, when she was \"Age - 12 years,\" living in Penn Yan, New York.1 She notes very early her attendance at \"Mrs. N. M. Hubbell's school.\" Later, she says she is going to \"Miss Mary Drakes [sic] school.\" ","Like many journals or diaries, there are gaps between her entries. It appears she kept this journal sporadically over a number of years, starting when she was 12 years old and continuing until after she became 18 years old, in 1856. ","Before August 1856: These entries cover the period when Sarah was growing up in mid-19th century America. Most of her entries, written in a neat, practiced hand, describe her daily routine: starting at an early hour (sometimes noting it was 5 a.m. or 6 a.m.); doing her morning work at home; going to school; and learning her \"lessons.\" One of these centered on a class \"motto\" for the week, \"Aim at high and noble attainments.\" Her assignment was to report on what she had attained. ","On some occasions she noted her mother's illness and the attendant need to help at home. She often included references to going to church and to \"sabbath school.\" However, one of her entries did include a comment about one of the era's biggest news stories. On August 30, 1850, noting that it was the day set for the execution of Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, she wrote \"Oh! how sad his children must feel [.]\" [George Parkman, a chemistry professor at Harvard University was tried, convicted and executed for the murder of John Webster, a prominent Boston physician. The trial attracted widespread interest; thousands attended the trial. Parkman was hanged on August 30, 1850.]","During these formative years, she devoted one journal entry to five personal resolutions for self-development, beginning with \"I will not make no unkind remarks about any other person or that I will speak no evil of any one\" and ending with \"I will Read these Resolutions over ever [sic] evening and see if I have broken any of them or not.\" She often closed her daily entries with a cheerful assessment of a long day. ","August 1856 and Later: On August 3, 1856, Sarah noted that \"I am now 18th years old . . . .\" She acknowledged it had been \"some years since\" she wrote in her journal, during which there had been some \"sad times\" as well as \"happy.\" She then described some events during this interim period, like when she \"went east;\" took a \"pleasher\" [pleasure] ride on the steam boat\" on the \"Fourth of July in 1855;\" \"got a quanted\" [acquainted] with \"Mr. Acherson\" and having \"a pleasant slay [sleigh] ride together.\" ","From this entry forward, her entries reflect more of the concerns of a young woman, one who no longer was learning lessons at school, but working at home (performing \"daley duteys\"), connecting socially with others through home visits and at church meetings, and striving to become - in her mind - the right kind of adult. ","Additional item: One calling card, with the name \"Sarah M Mead\" on one side. 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