{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_364.xml","title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1928"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/1928"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"text":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928","MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks","There are no restrictions","A portion of this collection is available online","Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\nA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\nA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\nLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\n\nOther items in this collection include:\n\nTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\nFamily photographs\nA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\nFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"collection_ssim":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"geogname_ssim":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"places_ssim":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"creator_ssm":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"creators_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200282/mode/exact\"\u003eA portion of this collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCampbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nOther items in this collection include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\nA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\nA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\nLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\n\nOther items in this collection include:\n\nTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\nFamily photographs\nA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\nFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d50d6a9584a5b1bf4b813102a258aa3\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_364.xml","title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1928"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/1928"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"text":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928","MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks","There are no restrictions","A portion of this collection is available online","Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\nA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\nA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\nLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\n\nOther items in this collection include:\n\nTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\nFamily photographs\nA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\nFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"collection_ssim":["Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"geogname_ssim":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"places_ssim":["Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67"],"creator_ssm":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"creators_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Richmond (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200282/mode/exact\"\u003eA portion of this collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCampbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nOther items in this collection include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\nA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\nA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\nLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\n\nOther items in this collection include:\n\nTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\nFamily photographs\nA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\nFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d50d6a9584a5b1bf4b813102a258aa3\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1679.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196861","title_filing_ssi":"Ozias, Caroline Victoria letter","title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 20, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 20, 1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"text":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Prisoners of war -- United States","Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Kurt Sanftleben LCC, to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on24 May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1679.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196861","title_filing_ssi":"Ozias, Caroline Victoria letter","title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 20, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 20, 1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"text":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Prisoners of war -- United States","Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Kurt Sanftleben LCC, to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on24 May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2421.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196487","title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913","1863-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1863-1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"text":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864","A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421","Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862","No special access restriction applies.","John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865.","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa.","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir.","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864.","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a.","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\nPage 30; clipping\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\nPage 65; clipping\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\nPage 74-79; clippings\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\nPage 89; clipping\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\nPage 95; clipping\nPage 103; clipping\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\nPage 267; clipping\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 274-280; clippings\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\nPage 282; clipping\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"collection_ssim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"creators_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865.","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa.","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir.","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864.","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a.","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\nPage 30; clipping\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\nPage 65; clipping\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\nPage 74-79; clippings\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\nPage 89; clipping\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\nPage 95; clipping\nPage 103; clipping\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\nPage 267; clipping\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 274-280; clippings\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\nPage 282; clipping\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9b4e106fac41cdd8069e0f3293b98f09\"\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ec37607c159bd234584aeb24f2e6a0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:18.955Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethe geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence, box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor topics of the letters include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFort Wagner Assault\u003c/emph\u003e -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFortifications and Military Actions\u003c/emph\u003e -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Topics Include\u003c/emph\u003e -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Military Records, box 4.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 7; 3 letters \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 30; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 65; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 74-79; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 89; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 95; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 103; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 267; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 274-280; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 282; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner\u003c/p\u003e  "],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2421.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196487","title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913","1863-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1863-1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"text":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864","A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421","Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862","No special access restriction applies.","John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865.","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa.","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir.","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864.","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a.","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\nPage 30; clipping\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\nPage 65; clipping\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\nPage 74-79; clippings\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\nPage 89; clipping\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\nPage 95; clipping\nPage 103; clipping\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\nPage 267; clipping\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 274-280; clippings\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\nPage 282; clipping\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"collection_ssim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, 1861/1913, bulk 1863/1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) --  History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"creators_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War --  MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865.","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa.","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir.","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864.","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a.","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\nPage 30; clipping\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\nPage 65; clipping\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\nPage 74-79; clippings\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\nPage 89; clipping\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\nPage 95; clipping\nPage 103; clipping\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\nPage 267; clipping\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 274-280; clippings\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\nPage 282; clipping\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9b4e106fac41cdd8069e0f3293b98f09\"\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ec37607c159bd234584aeb24f2e6a0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills  (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:18.955Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethe geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence, box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor topics of the letters include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFort Wagner Assault\u003c/emph\u003e -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFortifications and Military Actions\u003c/emph\u003e -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Topics Include\u003c/emph\u003e -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Military Records, box 4.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 7; 3 letters \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 30; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 65; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 74-79; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 89; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 95; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 103; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 267; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 274-280; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 282; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner\u003c/p\u003e  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1641.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196324","title_filing_ssi":"Brady, Mathew Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"text":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864","MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism.","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt.","There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.","This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men.","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops.","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from McBride Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism.","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDealer information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men.","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops.","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1641.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196324","title_filing_ssi":"Brady, Mathew Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"text":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864","MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism.","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt.","There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.","This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men.","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops.","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from McBride Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism.","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDealer information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men.","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops.","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1557#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1557#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1557.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191156","title_filing_ssi":"Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops","title_ssm":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops"],"title_tesim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops"],"unitdate_ssm":["December 31, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 31, 1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"text":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864","MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","The collection is open for research use.","Among the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.","Early in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.","Following the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.","Capt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.","REFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.","https://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true","This collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 March, 2023."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".13 Cubic Feet 1 large oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":[".13 Cubic Feet 1 large oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmong the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eREFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Among the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.","Early in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.","Following the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.","Capt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.","REFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.","https://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16799, Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to 117 United States Colored Troops, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16799, Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to 117 United States Colored Troops, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1557","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1557.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191156","title_filing_ssi":"Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops","title_ssm":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops"],"title_tesim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops"],"unitdate_ssm":["December 31, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 31, 1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"text":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864","MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","The collection is open for research use.","Among the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.","Early in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.","Following the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.","Capt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.","REFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.","https://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true","This collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"collection_ssim":["Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to the 117th United States Colored Troops, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16799","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1557"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 March, 2023."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".13 Cubic Feet 1 large oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":[".13 Cubic Feet 1 large oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmong the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eREFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Among the sixty-five men named in this document are Moses Thorton, James Moor, Orland Goodrich, Sergeant Burril Johnson, Benjamin Jarrold, Godfrey Riddle, Benjamin Royal, Corporal William Thompson, Washington Towey, Thomas Uriah, Wesley Hewitt, Oscar Leftridge, Sergeant Mack Woodford, and Ambrose Grubbs. Each soldier has signed with an \"x\" and the words \"his mark\" between his first and last name (all names are written in the same hand). The signature of witness \"Lieut. J. B. Johnson\" appears to the right of each soldier's signature. Listed here are thirty-three articles of clothing, including trousers for privates (35), uniform coats for privates (65), flannel shirts (35), drawers (35) infantry bootes (16), great coats (3), blankets (2), caps (10), rubber ponchos (1), and blouses lined (2). The final three items (caps, rubber ponchos, and blouses lined) are added in manuscript to the columns. A few printed notes appear below the filled-in document: \"Mounted men may, at their option, receive one pair of 'boots' and two pairs of 'bootees,' instead of four pairs of bootees\"; \"As the Metallic Shoulder Scales, Letters, Number, Castles, and Shells and Flames, will last for many years, they will be borne on the returns as company property, in the same manner as are sashes, knapsacks and straps, haversacks, canteens and straps, and other articles of camp and garrison equipage, and will be charged to the soldier only when lost or destroyed through neglect.\" On the verso, a table lists the fourteen articles of clothing each soldier was allowed during his enlistment and his proportion for each year respectively, as established by the Secretary of War.","Early in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln observed, \"The colored population is the great available yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union.\" Two months later, the War Department issued General Order #143, which sanctioned the creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). The 117th U.S. Colored Troops was organized at Covington, Kentucky from 18 July to 27 September 1864, during which time it was attached to the Military District of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. In October of 1864, the 117th was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, and then to City Point, Virginia, to take part in siege operations at Petersburg and Richmond, where it was attached to the Provisional Brigade, 18th Corps, Army of the James, until March 1865. In December 1864, the 117th was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 25th Corps. On 9 April 1865, the 109th, 114th, 116th and 117th U.S. Colored Infantry units were present at Appomattox Courthouse during the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The 117th performed guard duty at Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, from April to June 1865.","Following the war, the 117th was sent to Texas as part of an American build-up intended to discourage French operations in Mexico. In June 1865, the unit moved to Brazos Santiago, Texas, and in July performed guard duty at Brownsville and on the Rio Grande. The 109th, 114th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 122nd operated along the Rio Grande River until September 1866. USCT veterans were assigned to various posts to prevent former-Confederates from establishing their defeated government and army in Mexico. Later, the USCT patrolled the border to stop ongoing violence in Mexico from spilling into the U.S., and to discourage bandits and Native Americans from attacking civilian communities. On 10 August 1867, the 117th was mustered out, as the final African American unit to leave the Rio Grande.","Capt. Peleg T. Griffith (1836–1918) was twenty-six years-old when he enlisted as a private in the 9th Minnesota Infantry, Co. E in August 1862. In July 1864 he re-enlisted as a Captain and was commissioned into the 117th U.S. Colored Troops. In 1865 he was discharged in a hospital.","REFERENCES: \"117th United States Colored Troops\" at The Civil War in the East online; \"Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail\" at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley online.","https://www.jamesarsenault.com/pages/books/7786/capt-peleg-t-griffith-lieut-j-b-johnson/document-of-117th-u-s-colored-troops-company-f-detailing-clothing-acquired-we-the-undersigned-non?soldItem=true"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16799, Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to 117 United States Colored Troops, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16799, Receipt log of Clothing Distributed to 117 United States Colored Troops, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a receipt log (18\"X22\") of provisions given to the African American infantry during the Civil War. The top of the document states that 'WE, the undersigned Non-commissioned Officers, Artificers, Musicians, and Privates, of [Co \"F\" 117th U.S. C.S.], do hereby acknowledge to have received of [Capt Riley I. Griffith] the several articles of clothing set opposite our respective names.\" There are about sixty-five names listed. The receipt includes the date of issue (Dec. 30, 1864), name and designation of the soldier, the types of clothing (privates, trousers, flannel shirts, caps, rubber pouches, and blouses, etc) with signatures of the recipients, and the witness signature of Robert B. Parker, 1st Lt. On the verso is printed \"Statement exhibiting the allowance of clothing to each soldier during his enlistment ... as established by the Secretary of War.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment 117th (1864-1867)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1557"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters. Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1339.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151573","title_filing_ssi":"Ward, Virgil, Maxwell letters","title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"text":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860","MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter.","The collection is open for research use.","Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html","This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan.","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"collection_ssim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on February 4, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter."],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmployer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDealer information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan.","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1339.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151573","title_filing_ssi":"Ward, Virgil, Maxwell letters","title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"text":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860","MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter.","The collection is open for research use.","Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html","This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan.","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"collection_ssim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters, 1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on February 4, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter."],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmployer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDealer information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan.","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives"}},{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928","value":"Campbell and Varner family papers, 1845/1928","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Campbell+and+Varner+family+papers%2C+1845%2F1928\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","value":"Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+Victoria+Ozias+letter%2C+1864\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Participation%2C+African+American"}},{"attributes":{"label":"John W.M. 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