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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Alma Frances Brown was from Vienna, Virginia and attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg as a freshman during the 1927-1928 academic year.","Autograph album belonging to Alma Frances Brown while a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. Signed and inscribed by fellow STC students. Inscriptions include anecdotes, poems, and well wishes.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7849d2b781de95b72a559c31844a6caa\"\u003eAutograph album belonging to Alma Frances Brown while a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Autograph album belonging to Alma Frances Brown while a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg."],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","James Madison University -- History -- Students"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The scrapbook remains bound and the original order of its contents is retained.","Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/68875292/anne-c-chapman : accessed 03 May 2021), memorial page for Anne C Chapman (17 Feb 1902–11 Nov 1983), Find a Grave Memorial ID 68875292, citing Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News, Newport News City, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Lawrence L Morgan (contributor 47395147).","The Schoolma'am, 1921. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am, 1922. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933.","Anne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.","While a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club.","During pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered.","The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.","Additonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. ","The scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026 Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0031","/repositories/4/resources/648"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creator_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creators_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. 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Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/68875292/anne-c-chapman : accessed 03 May 2021), memorial page for Anne C Chapman (17 Feb 1902–11 Nov 1983), Find a Grave Memorial ID 68875292, citing Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News, Newport News City, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Lawrence L Morgan (contributor 47395147).","The Schoolma'am, 1921. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am, 1922. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.","While a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, SC 0031, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, SC 0031, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["During pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026amp; Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.","Additonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. ","The scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026 Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_52d34f667f2bd3dd26faccd7188380f2\"\u003eThe Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"persname_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:18.143Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_648","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_648","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_648","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_648.xml","title_ssm":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0031","/repositories/4/resources/648"],"text":["SC 0031","/repositories/4/resources/648","Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Postcards","Printed Ephemera","School records","Theater programs","Concert programs","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The scrapbook remains bound and the original order of its contents is retained.","Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/68875292/anne-c-chapman : accessed 03 May 2021), memorial page for Anne C Chapman (17 Feb 1902–11 Nov 1983), Find a Grave Memorial ID 68875292, citing Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News, Newport News City, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Lawrence L Morgan (contributor 47395147).","The Schoolma'am, 1921. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am, 1922. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933.","Anne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.","While a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club.","During pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered.","The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.","Additonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. ","The scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026 Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0031","/repositories/4/resources/648"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creator_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"creators_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The scrapbook likely formed part of a larger transfer of materials from James Madison University's Alumni Association.  originally donated to them by alumni or alumni's families. The specific donation date to the Alumni Association is unknown as is the transfer date to Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Postcards","Printed Ephemera","School records","Theater programs","Concert programs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Postcards","Printed Ephemera","School records","Theater programs","Concert programs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Postcards","Printed Ephemera","School records","Theater programs","Concert programs"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook remains bound and the original order of its contents is retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbook remains bound and the original order of its contents is retained."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eFind a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/68875292/anne-c-chapman : accessed 03 May 2021), memorial page for Anne C Chapman (17 Feb 1902–11 Nov 1983), Find a Grave Memorial ID 68875292, citing Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News, Newport News City, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Lawrence L Morgan (contributor 47395147).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Schoolma'am, 1921. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Schoolma'am, 1922. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/68875292/anne-c-chapman : accessed 03 May 2021), memorial page for Anne C Chapman (17 Feb 1902–11 Nov 1983), Find a Grave Memorial ID 68875292, citing Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News, Newport News City, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Lawrence L Morgan (contributor 47395147).","The Schoolma'am, 1921. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am, 1922. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","\"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940\", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X5BV-FYL : 29 January 2020), Anne Sophie Christiansen in entry for Vernon Lee Chapman, 1933."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anne Sophie Christiansen (1902-1983) of Newport News, Virginia matriculated to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in the fall of 1920 as a junior and graduated in 1922. She married Vernon Lee Chapman in 1933.","While a student, Christiansen was a member of the Hampton Roads Club, Tidewater Club, Lee Literary Society, Executive Board, Hiking Club, YWCA, and Social Standards Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, SC 0031, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, SC 0031, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["During pre-processing the scrapbook pages were numbered in pencil by Special Collections staff, loose inserts removed, and individually sleeved. The decision was made during final processing (several years after pre-processing presumably took place) to place the loose inserts back in the scrapbook in order to retain the inegrity of the scrapbook and context of its contents. The pages are still numbered."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026amp; Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, holiday-themed ephemera (Thanksgiving, Halloween, Valentine's Day), ticket stubs, newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, correspondence, musical and theater programs including some from the New Virginia Theater, and school related papers documenting Christiansen's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. The scrapbook also includes Christiansen's handwritten annotations, anecdotes, and classmates' autographs.","Additonal material includes a letter from Louise E. Gibboney inviting Christiansen to become a member of Lee Literary Society as well as a letter from the Executive Board notifying Chapman that she has been appointed to serve as head montior on the first floor of Ashby Hall. ","The scrapbook is \"The School Girl's Memory Book,\" a mass-produced scrapbook designed by Victor de Kubinyi, Barse \u0026 Hopkins, New York. Some pages are blank."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_52d34f667f2bd3dd26faccd7188380f2\"\u003eThe Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook, 1920-1922, comprises a bound scrapbook containing printed emphemera, photographs, programs, and school related papers documenting Chapman's time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"persname_ssim":["Chapman, Anne Sophie Christiansen, 1902-1983","Tyler, Anne Lee Chapman"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:18.143Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_648"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_383#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_383#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_383#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_383.xml","title_ssm":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1927"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0063","/repositories/4/resources/383"],"text":["SC 0063","/repositories/4/resources/383","Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Morgantown (W. Va.) -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The correspondence is arranged by author in two letter folders and further arranged chronologically.","Obituary for Ethel V. Dunn,  The Herald-Mail , February 11, 2002.","The Schoolma'am , 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am , 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College.","Bertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.","Ethel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","The donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box.","At some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910.","The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","In Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.","Dunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.","Dunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History","Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","Dunn, Ethel Virginia, 1903-2002","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0063","/repositories/4/resources/383"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Morgantown (W. 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Evans' grandmother, Alice Couchman Staples, was Bertha Couchman Hess' sister."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 cubic feet 2 letter folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 cubic feet 2 letter folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence is arranged by author in two letter folders and further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The correspondence is arranged by author in two letter folders and further arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Ethel V. Dunn, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Herald-Mail\u003c/emph\u003e, February 11, 2002.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Ethel V. Dunn,  The Herald-Mail , February 11, 2002.","The Schoolma'am , 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am , 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEthel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.","Ethel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, SC 0063, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, SC 0063, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["At some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","In Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.","Dunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.","Dunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7d0d762f8e39e1bca49ad6e1af2a71b4\"\u003eThe Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History","Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","Dunn, Ethel Virginia, 1903-2002"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","Dunn, Ethel Virginia, 1903-2002"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:09.496Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_383.xml","title_ssm":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1927"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0063","/repositories/4/resources/383"],"text":["SC 0063","/repositories/4/resources/383","Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Morgantown (W. Va.) -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The correspondence is arranged by author in two letter folders and further arranged chronologically.","Obituary for Ethel V. Dunn,  The Herald-Mail , February 11, 2002.","The Schoolma'am , 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am , 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College.","Bertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.","Ethel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","The donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box.","At some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910.","The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","In Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.","Dunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.","Dunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. 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Evans' grandmother, Alice Couchman Staples, was Bertha Couchman Hess' sister."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 cubic feet 2 letter folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 cubic feet 2 letter folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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Dunn, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Herald-Mail\u003c/emph\u003e, February 11, 2002.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Ethel V. Dunn,  The Herald-Mail , February 11, 2002.","The Schoolma'am , 1924. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","The Schoolma'am , 1925. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Teachers College."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEthel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bertha Couchman Hess was born April 20, 1884 to David Calvin Couchman and Lucy Gordon Couchman of West Virginia. She married Robert Newton Hess (1880-1854) on June 20 1917 in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She died in April 1980 and is buried at Darkesville Cemetery in Berkelely County, West Virginia.","Ethel Virginia Dunn, Hess' niece, was born September 29, 1903 to William Nelson Dunn and Mary Catherine Couchman Dunn of Martinsburg, West Virginia. Dunn matriculated into the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1923 and attended for two years. She was a member of the Choral Club, Racquet Tennis Club, Athletic Association, and Y. W. C. A. She went on to attend Rutgers University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in education. Dunn was a school teacher Morgantown, West Virginia for four years before continuing her career in New Brunswick, New Jersey where she taught for 44 years. Dunn died February 9, 2002 and is buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The donor came into possession of a \"Xerox size box\" of materials saved by Barbara Lucinda (Lucy) Gordon Couchman, Bertha Couchman Hess' mother and Ethel Virginia Dunn's grandmother, and Alice Couchman Staples, the donor's grandmother. The materials that make up this collection were contained within that box."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, SC 0063, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, SC 0063, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["At some point during initial processing and for unknown reasons, the envelopes that accompanied the letters in this collection were photocopied and the originals discarded. The letters were dated based on the postmark on the envelopes and based on information provided by the donor. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SU 2002-0910."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and her niece Dunn to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.","In Hess' three postcards to family she mentions that she is having a nice time (she attended the fair) and that Harrisonburg is a \"beautiful little town\" of about 6,000 people. The postcards feature scenic views of Harrisonburg and the State Normal School for Women.","Dunn's correspondence dates primarily from her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women. In a postcard written to her grandmother, postmarked October 19, 1923, Dunn describes how she plans to spend her free time: \"I am going on a hike Saturday. We are going up to the mountains for chestnuts. This certainly is a pretty little town and I like it real well.\" The postcard features a view of the court house. An additional five letters are included from Dunn's time as a student and are dated 1924-1925. She wrote to her grandmother, Lucy Gordon Couchman, and her Aunt Bert, presumably the aforementioned Bertha Couchman Hess. Dunn's letters include descriptions of Harrisonburg and campus: \"This is a very pretty town and the view of the mountains are lovely. I never saw such lovely sunsets before. We have a beautiful school. There are eight large stone buildings with red tile roofs.\" She also provides detailed accounts of life as a student including descriptions of classes, roommates, social events, meals, weather, and receiving care packages. She makes frequent mention of her cousin Sadie and Aunt Laura who live in town. Dunn also describes a trip to Clifton Forge, Virginia in March 1925, during the holiday between quarters.","Dunn's last letter is dated November 29, 1927 at which point she is teaching school in Morgantown, West Virginia. She describes the Thanksgiving holiday during which she threw a party for her students. Her class also put together a box of groceries for a needy family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7d0d762f8e39e1bca49ad6e1af2a71b4\"\u003eThe Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence, 1918-1927, is comprised of four postcards and seven letters written by Hess and Dunn, her niece, to their family in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Couchman authored three postcards while visiting Harrisonburg in August 1918 and the remainder of the correspondence was written by Dunn while she was a student at the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg and while she was a teacher in Morgantown, West Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History","Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","Dunn, Ethel Virginia, 1903-2002"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Correspondence","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","James Madison University -- Students -- Correspondence","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Hess, Bertha Couchman, 1884-1980","Dunn, Ethel Virginia, 1903-2002"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:09.496Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_383"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clemmer, Betty Brown","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_541.xml","title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-2015","1943-1949"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"text":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541","Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015","Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.","The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.","Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_ssim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creators_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Betty Brown Clemmer in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1943-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary of Willis Lee Clemmer, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e, July 12, 2013.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.","[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b6bfd9caf198153b7116f55373de457e\"\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:39.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_541.xml","title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-2015","1943-1949"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"text":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541","Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs","Collection open to research. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4ac42c1e3ae3dd801057cd14873361c2\"\u003eThe Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Betty Hudson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:23.711Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_585","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_585","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_585","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_585","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_585.xml","title_ssm":["Betty Hudson Brown Papers"],"title_tesim":["Betty Hudson Brown Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1967-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0290","/repositories/4/resources/585"],"text":["SC 0290","/repositories/4/resources/585","Betty Hudson Brown Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Programs (documents)","Beanies","Printed Ephemera","Collection is open to research. 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Items include the covers of disbound course notebooks, a Class of 1969 talent show program, materials related to the Class of 1970 program \"Sadie Sophomore Takes a Leap,\" Brown's freshman beanie, a Madison College patch, and a Founders Day program.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History","Brown, Betty Hudson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0290","/repositories/4/resources/585"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Betty Hudson Brown Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Betty Hudson Brown Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Betty Hudson Brown Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, Betty Hudson","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, Betty Hudson","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, Betty Hudson","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, Betty Hudson","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Betty Hudson Brown in December 2018 after being referred to Special Collections by Steve Smith, Legacy Officer for University Advancement (formerly Senior Vice President for University Advancement)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Programs (documents)","Beanies","Printed Ephemera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Programs (documents)","Beanies","Printed Ephemera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Programs (documents)","Beanies","Printed Ephemera"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically into three folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically into three folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Lou Hudson Brown, daughter of Dorothy Bryan Hudson and William Bronsy Hudson of Salem, Virginia, matriculated at Madison College in 1967. She graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While at Madison, she was a member of Zeta Tau Alpha.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Betty Lou Hudson Brown, daughter of Dorothy Bryan Hudson and William Bronsy Hudson of Salem, Virginia, matriculated at Madison College in 1967. She graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While at Madison, she was a member of Zeta Tau Alpha."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, SC 0290, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, SC 0290, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral blank spiral notebooks were donated by Brown. They were disbound and the covers were retained to document the ephemeral nature of the notebook cover design which featured the Madison College seal. Blank notebook sheets and back covers were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Several blank spiral notebooks were donated by Brown. They were disbound and the covers were retained to document the ephemeral nature of the notebook cover design which featured the Madison College seal. Blank notebook sheets and back covers were discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College. Items include the covers of disbound course notebooks, a Class of 1969 talent show program, materials related to the Class of 1970 program \"Sadie Sophomore Takes a Leap,\" Brown's freshman beanie, a Madison College patch, and a Founders Day program.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College. Items include the covers of disbound course notebooks, a Class of 1969 talent show program, materials related to the Class of 1970 program \"Sadie Sophomore Takes a Leap,\" Brown's freshman beanie, a Madison College patch, and a Founders Day program."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4ac42c1e3ae3dd801057cd14873361c2\"\u003eThe Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Betty Hudson Brown Papers, 1967-1970, document Brown's time as a student at Madison College."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History","Brown, Betty Hudson"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- History","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Betty Hudson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:23.711Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_585"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Carrie Bishop Scrapbook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_437#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bishop, Carrie","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_437#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Scrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_437#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_437.xml","title_ssm":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1918","1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1918"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437"],"text":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437","Carrie Bishop Scrapbook","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box.","The Schoolma'am , 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","Carrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia.","Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.","Bishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.","The scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Scrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Bishop, Carrie","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creator_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creators_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown. The scrapbook was likely transferred to Special Collections by the Alumni Office."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 cubic feet 1 oversize flat box, 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 cubic feet 1 oversize flat box, 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Schoolma'am , 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Carrie Bishop Scrapbook, 1914-1918, 1939, SC 0033, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Carrie Bishop Scrapbook, 1914-1918, 1939, SC 0033, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.","Bishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.","The scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb3a7dabb3724168721fb32889859d77\"\u003eScrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Scrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Bishop, Carrie"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"persname_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:16.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_437","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_437.xml","title_ssm":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1918","1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1918"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437"],"text":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437","Carrie Bishop Scrapbook","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box.","The Schoolma'am , 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.","Carrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia.","Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.","Bishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.","The scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Scrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Bishop, Carrie","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0033","/repositories/4/resources/437"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Carrie Bishop Scrapbook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creator_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"creators_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown. The scrapbook was likely transferred to Special Collections by the Alumni Office."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 cubic feet 1 oversize flat box, 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 cubic feet 1 oversize flat box, 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Programs (documents)","Admission tickets","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Invitations","Newspaper clippings","Napkins (culinary textile)","Pencil (marking material)","Greeting Cards","Christmas cards","Photographs","Dried flowers"],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbook remain bound. It is housed with a letter folder in a flat oversized box."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Schoolma'am , 1918. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carrie Bishop, from Proffitt, Virginia, in Albermarle County, was a student at the State Normal School for Women (now James Madison University), from 1914-1918. The 1918 edition of the yearbook, Schoolma'am, describes Carrie Bishop as, \"well worth listening to, whether it be on Burns, woman's suffrage, or law and order as not preserved in Burress Hall. No Discipline Troubles for Carrie B.\" Following graduation, she taught in Churchland, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Carrie Bishop Scrapbook, 1914-1918, 1939, SC 0033, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Carrie Bishop Scrapbook, 1914-1918, 1939, SC 0033, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The scrapbook, arranged by year, documents Bishop's membership in various clubs and societies, participation in social outings, and attendance at cultural events during her time as a student at the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. She was a member of the YWCA, Lee Literary Stratford Society, Glee Club, Racket Tennis Club, and was a forward on the freshman and sophomore basketball teams. The scrapbook contains personal notes, commencement address, playbills and programs from theater and musical productions, ribbons, pressed flowers, paper napkins, and other ephemera.","Bishop attended many music and theater events. The scrapbook includes programs from student recitals and theater productions at the Normal School for Women, as well as programs from visiting performers, including the Weber Male Quartet, violinist Jules Falk, the Chicago Orchestral Choir, the Elsie Herndon Kearns Theater Company, and Redpath Bureau shows by Montraville M. Wood and the Adelphia Concert Artists.\n  \nBishop also attended many productions at the local New Virginia Theatre, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Of particular note are playbills from D. W. Griffith's \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1916) and \"Intolerance\" (1917), and the \"Elks' Minstrels\" put on the by Staunton Lodge No. 351 (1916). She attended the \"Lee-Jackson Day Celebration,\" put on by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (1917), \"A Woman and her Worth: a Great Message to Women and Girls Only,\" by Charles W. Brewbaker, and the music and dance group, \"Bells Famous Hawaiians\" (1918). A note on a napkin documents a car ride and picnic lunch on the \"side of Massanutten Mountain,\" with faculty member, Dr. Wayland and his children.","The scrapbook also includes a photograph, dated 1939, with a handwritten note to Stella from Sonya, and an accompanying Alumnae Home-coming program from 1939. These items appear to be unrelated to the scrapbook, but because there is no acquisition documentation and they were boxed together at the time of processing, they are included with the scrapbook."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb3a7dabb3724168721fb32889859d77\"\u003eScrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Scrapbook documents Bishop's activities as a student at the State Normal School for Women, including membership in various clubs, societies, and attendance of social outings and cultural events."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society","Bishop, Carrie"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Alumni and alumnae","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","James Madison University -- Students -- History","Lee Literary Society"],"persname_ssim":["Bishop, Carrie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:16.484Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_437"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Spitzer Letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_449#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_449#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_449#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_449.xml","title_ssm":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"title_tesim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449"],"text":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449","Charles Spitzer Letters","New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The letters are arranged in one folder.","Charles Spitzer (1807-1865) was a gunsmith based out of New Market, Virginia who learned the trade under his father Henry Spitzer. Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065.","The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in  A History of Shenandoah County  by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Friends of Carrier Library at Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on July 23, 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. 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Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Spitzer (1807-1865) was a gunsmith based out of New Market, Virginia who learned the trade under his father Henry Spitzer. Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, SC 0137, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, SC 0137, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County\u003c/emph\u003e by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in  A History of Shenandoah County  by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57d8c3ca6c0375666de172ee890ae526\"\u003eThe Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Moses"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Amis family","Spitzer family"],"persname_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:44.489Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_449","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_449.xml","title_ssm":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"title_tesim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449"],"text":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449","Charles Spitzer Letters","New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The letters are arranged in one folder.","Charles Spitzer (1807-1865) was a gunsmith based out of New Market, Virginia who learned the trade under his father Henry Spitzer. Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065.","The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in  A History of Shenandoah County  by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0137","/repositories/4/resources/449"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Spitzer Letters"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- Sources","Saint Louis (Mo.) -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","New Market (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Friends of Carrier Library at Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on July 23, 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gunsmiths -- Virginia -- Biography","Gunsmithing","Firearms -- Design and construction","Rifles -- History -- 19th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The letters are arranged in one folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Spitzer (1807-1865) was a gunsmith based out of New Market, Virginia who learned the trade under his father Henry Spitzer. Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Spitzer (1807-1865) was a gunsmith based out of New Market, Virginia who learned the trade under his father Henry Spitzer. Charles married Elizabeth Frances Amiss in 1833 and they went on to have four children."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, SC 0137, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, SC 0137, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3065."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County\u003c/emph\u003e by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia. Selected letters of interest include eight letters (May 19-October 14, 1833) between Charles and fiancé Elizabeth Amiss discussing preparations for marriage; a December 2, 1838 letter from Thomas Amiss to sister Elizabeth in which he expresses his preference for life in St. Louis, Missouri, his business is good and life is cheaper than in New Market, mentions Moses Spitzer, who in  A History of Shenandoah County  by John Wayland (1927) is said to have died with the infamous Donner party in the California Sierras in 1846; and a July 25, 1849 letter from Thomas Amiss in which he describes a massive fire and cholera outbreak in St. Louis. Also included are two Sunday school certificates (1850, 1851) and two tax receipts (1849, 1852). Most letters deal with day to day matters including illness and birth and death of family members. Two letters (1861, 1886) concern Charles Spitzer's services as a gunsmith."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57d8c3ca6c0375666de172ee890ae526\"\u003eThe Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Spitzer Letters, 1833-1886, are comprised of 35 letters written between members of the Charles Spitzer family of New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Moses"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Amis family","Spitzer family","Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Amis family","Spitzer family"],"persname_ssim":["Spitzer, Charles, 1807-1865","Spitzer, Moses"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:44.489Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_449"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles T. Smith photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_807#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_807#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_807#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_807.xml","title_ssm":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"title_tesim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2007","1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807"],"text":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807","Charles T. Smith photographs","Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History","Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs.","From the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia.","If photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile.","The collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.","The photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.","Of particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)","Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in numerous lots from Green Valley Auctions, March 25, 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.26 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.26 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles T. Smith photographs, 1880-2007 (bulk 1990s), SC 0423, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles T. Smith photographs, 1880-2007 (bulk 1990s), SC 0423, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIf photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["If photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.","The photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.","Of particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d2fa171fd97ecc2b87c9ef7aeb272e42\"\u003eThe collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)","Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":91,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T20:06:32.573Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_807","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_807.xml","title_ssm":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"title_tesim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2007","1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807"],"text":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807","Charles T. Smith photographs","Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History","Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs.","From the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia.","If photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile.","The collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.","The photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.","Of particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)","Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0423","/repositories/4/resources/807"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Charles T. Smith photographs"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Penn Laird (Va.) -- History","Port Republic (Va.) -- History","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Cross Keys (Rockingham County, Va.) -- History","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in numerous lots from Green Valley Auctions, March 25, 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Floods -- Virginia","Hurricane Fran, 1996","Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.26 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.26 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photograph albums","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) was a lifelong resident of Rockingham County. Per his obituary, Smith was committed to historic preservation specifically his family farm which was part of the historic Cross Keys Battlefield. He was also an avid coin and train memorabilia collector. Smith compiled photographs of the local Harrisonburg and eastern Rockingham County areas. This included collecting historic images as well as taking his own photographs."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Charles T. Smith (1932-2024) of Cross Keys, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles T. Smith photographs, 1880-2007 (bulk 1990s), SC 0423, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Charles T. Smith photographs, 1880-2007 (bulk 1990s), SC 0423, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIf photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["If photographs are undated or dates are not easily discerned, folder and item dates correspond to the approximate date of the original image and not necessarily the date of its reproduction, if a facsimile."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises original and reproduction photographs, vernacular photograph albums, postcards, and photo enlargements documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Port Republic, Penn Laird, Pineville, and Elkton. Other areas documented include Harrisonburg, Shenandoah, and Charlottesville. The bulk of the photographs are undated but span the greater part of the 20th century. Photograph files may include original photographs or postcards, reproductions, enlargements, and negatives.","The photographs, postcards, and images feature historic schools and churches; businesses; trains, railroads, and depots; landmarks; and street views. One folder contains reproductions of news articles from the local newspapers, specifically the column Fading Images written by Casey Billhimer for The Valley Banner.","Of particular interest are photograph albums that document the 1985 flood in Rockingham County (October 31-November 5) as well as flooding from Hurricane Fran in September 1996. A third album includes photographs dating to the mid-1990s of wind or storm damage at Charles Smith's farm in Cross Keys and surrounding area. It is presumed that these photographs also document the damage from Hurricane Fran in September 1996."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d2fa171fd97ecc2b87c9ef7aeb272e42\"\u003eThe collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises original photographs, postcards, enlargements, and reproduction photographs documenting the eastern and southeastern sections of Rockingham County including Cross Keys, McGaheysville, Penn Laird, Port Republic, Pineville, and Elkton."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)","Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Hotel Monterey (Monterey, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Charles T., 1932-2024 (Charles Thomas)","Litten, Allen, 1935-2023","Nutt, Joe, 1935-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":91,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T20:06:32.573Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_807"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chesapeake Western Railway","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_466.xml","title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"text":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466","Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971.","The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. ","Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.","Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.","The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"places_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["D.A. Brown, II Superintendent, VA Division of Norfolk Southern in Roanoke gave permission in April 1997 for JMU professors Raymond Hiser and Clarence Geier from the History and Anthropology Departments respectively to salvage records from the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia which suffered a five-alarm fire at the site on July 28, 1982. After the fire, operating records remained in the building in disarray on the floor and suffered damage by fire or water or both. Following their initial cleaning and inventory by students in History and Anthropology, the materials were transferred to Carrier Library in February 1998. In September 2018, the Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, donated one bound book: \"Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonnel Records, 1929-1982\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1953-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Books, 1916-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1976-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMiscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1963-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBlueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e. Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e.  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia and the Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1951.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRailpace Newsmagazine\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1985.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, July 29, 1954.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, Charles Grattan Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, April 3, 1971.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026amp; St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026amp;StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026amp;W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026amp;W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western at Elkton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1954, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026amp; Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. "],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57e226aed1de81b0112cfbe25b7f1b76\"\u003eThe Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Southern Corporation","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:55.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_466.xml","title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"text":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466","Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971.","The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. ","Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.","Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.","The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"places_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["D.A. Brown, II Superintendent, VA Division of Norfolk Southern in Roanoke gave permission in April 1997 for JMU professors Raymond Hiser and Clarence Geier from the History and Anthropology Departments respectively to salvage records from the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia which suffered a five-alarm fire at the site on July 28, 1982. After the fire, operating records remained in the building in disarray on the floor and suffered damage by fire or water or both. Following their initial cleaning and inventory by students in History and Anthropology, the materials were transferred to Carrier Library in February 1998. In September 2018, the Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, donated one bound book: \"Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonnel Records, 1929-1982\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1953-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Books, 1916-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1976-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMiscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1963-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBlueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e. Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e.  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia and the Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1951.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRailpace Newsmagazine\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1985.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, July 29, 1954.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, Charles Grattan Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, April 3, 1971.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026amp; St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026amp;StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026amp;W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026amp;W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western at Elkton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1954, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026amp; Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. "],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57e226aed1de81b0112cfbe25b7f1b76\"\u003eThe Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Southern Corporation","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:55.077Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":102},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Agnes Davis Shipley papers","value":"Agnes Davis Shipley papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Agnes+Davis+Shipley+papers\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alma Frances Brown autograph album","value":"Alma Frances Brown autograph album","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alma+Frances+Brown+autograph+album\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook","value":"Anne Christiansen Chapman Scrapbook","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Anne+Christiansen+Chapman+Scrapbook\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence","value":"Bertha Couchman Hess and Ethel Virginia Dunn Correspondence","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bertha+Couchman+Hess+and+Ethel+Virginia+Dunn+Correspondence\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","value":"Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Betty+Brown+Clemmer+and+Willis+Clemmer+papers\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Betty Hudson Brown Papers","value":"Betty Hudson Brown Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Betty+Hudson+Brown+Papers\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Carrie Bishop Scrapbook","value":"Carrie Bishop Scrapbook","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Carrie+Bishop+Scrapbook\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles Spitzer Letters","value":"Charles Spitzer Letters","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Charles+Spitzer+Letters\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles T. 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