{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Enslavers\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Enslavers\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_962#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies. Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages. Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_962#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_962.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/145311","title_filing_ssi":"Amherst County, Virginia tax records","title_ssm":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1819-1820"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962"],"text":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962","Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers","Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County","Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)","Good.","This collection is open for research.","These two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia.","This collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820.","This collection has no use restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"places_ssim":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These volumes were purchased from David M. Lesser, Fine Antiquarian Books, by the Special Collections Library on November 13, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".4 Cubic Feet Two volumes contained in a letter sized document box."],"extent_tesim":[".4 Cubic Feet Two volumes contained in a letter sized document box."],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers, MSS 16467, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers, MSS 16467, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Amherst (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_962","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_962.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/145311","title_filing_ssi":"Amherst County, Virginia tax records","title_ssm":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1819-1820"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962"],"text":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962","Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers","Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County","Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)","Good.","This collection is open for research.","These two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia.","This collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820.","This collection has no use restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16467","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"places_ssim":["Enslavers","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These volumes were purchased from David M. Lesser, Fine Antiquarian Books, by the Special Collections Library on November 13, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Taxation","Enslaved laborers","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".4 Cubic Feet Two volumes contained in a letter sized document box."],"extent_tesim":[".4 Cubic Feet Two volumes contained in a letter sized document box."],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These two ledgers were passed down through the Larkin and Dillard families of Amherst County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers, MSS 16467, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Amherst County, Virginia Tax Ledgers, MSS 16467, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two large manuscript volumes of tax records for Amherst, Virginia from 1819 to 1820, bound in leather. These ledger's identify enslavers and taxes paid for unnamed enslaved laborers among other things. Each volume lists hundreds of taxpayer names on the left side with comments about payments on the right. An alphabetical index in the front of each volume lists the page on which each name appears on the page in the volume, referring to tax transactions. The amount of tax is itemized for each taxpayer's land, enslaved laborers, horses, \"muster fines,\" and levies.  Volume one documents 1819 and contains 26 unnumbered pages and 271 utilized pages. Volume two documents 1820 and contains 23 unnumbered pagesand 224 utilized pages.  Front endpaper indicates the records were compiled by George Holloway of Amherst for 1819 and his name is found on the end papers for 1820."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Amherst (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Amherst (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_962"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\" The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. Arsenault and Company by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 29 August 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet Legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet Legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1842],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. Arsenault and Company by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 29 August 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet Legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet Legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1842],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Goodman and Farrow family journal","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_977#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_977#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_977#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_977.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120923","title_filing_ssi":"Goodman and Farrow family journal","title_ssm":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"title_tesim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977"],"text":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977","Goodman and Farrow family journal","Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers","This collection is open for research.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"","Family journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. ","Horsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. ","The journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.","According to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084","\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.","Names include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]","Journal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow","This collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"","The recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.","Other genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852).","Handle gently as this journal is very fragile.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"collection_ssim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"creator_ssm":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creator_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creators_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"places_ssim":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Handle gently as this journal is very fragile."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Johnson Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 5, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["family journal"],"genreform_ssim":["family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNames include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"","Family journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. ","Horsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. ","The journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.","According to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084","\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.","Names include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGoodman \u0026amp; Farrow Family Journal, MSS 16482, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Libary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Goodman \u0026 Farrow Family Journal, MSS 16482, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Libary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJournal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Journal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWarning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"","The recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.","Other genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandle gently as this journal is very fragile.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Handle gently as this journal is very fragile."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:44.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_977","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_977.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120923","title_filing_ssi":"Goodman and Farrow family journal","title_ssm":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"title_tesim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977"],"text":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977","Goodman and Farrow family journal","Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers","This collection is open for research.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"","Family journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. ","Horsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. ","The journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.","According to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084","\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.","Names include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]","Journal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow","This collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"","The recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.","Other genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852).","Handle gently as this journal is very fragile.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16482","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"collection_ssim":["Goodman and Farrow family journal"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"creator_ssm":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creator_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"creators_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"places_ssim":["Enslavers","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Handle gently as this journal is very fragile."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Johnson Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 5, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","Recipes","family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["family journal"],"genreform_ssim":["family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNames include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\"","Family journal of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827) of Albemarle County, Virgina containing records of enslaved persons including \"Nelson\" who was born December 26, 1780 and died in 1851. There are five pages labeled \"black register births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved persons that were owned by the family. ","Horsely Goodman was the brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremy A. Goodman. His parents were Charles Goodman (1740-1826)and Elizabeth Horsley Goodman (1744-died before 1802). He resided his entire life in Albemarle County. Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia Militia. He owned 24 enslaved persons, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virgina (1901). He was married to Betsey Goodman (1808-1852). Albemarle County is situated in central Virginia, 70 miles from the state capital of Richmond, Virginia. It was heavily dependent on enslaved labor as a rural farming community producing tobacco, wheat, and corn as its cash crops. ","The journal also contains handwritten recipes, draft letters and abbreviation of the names of places in North America, and ancestral information. Some letters are to a cousin and a friend, written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874) who was the granddaughter of Horsely Goodman. She was raised in Albemarle County with the help of her paternal grandmother, Nancy Durrett. In 1852, she became the second wife of Thomas Farrow (1813-1869), a wealth farmer twenty years her senior.","According to this site: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goodman-2084","\"Horsley Goodman is named in his father's (Charles Goodman 1740-1826) will as receiving an enslaved person named [Billy]. I give to my son Horsley Goodman, [an enslaved person] by the name of Bille, a child of [enslaved person] Millie, or fifty pounds which he should chose the money or the [enslaved person] which is all that I shall give him out of my Estate by reason that he has received of me before in lands lying in Albemarle County near the old Barracks containing by estimation two hundred and seven acres be the same more or less for which the said Horsley Goodman agreed to and with me Charles Goodman to take the said lands for all his interest or part of my Estate which lands I have given to him and has made him a right and title to by a deed and hath acknowledged it to him in Albemarle Court and that he has no other part of my estate he nor his heirs forever.\" This person (Billy)is not mentioned in the journal so Goodman may have taken the fifty pounds.","Names include Nelson (1780-1851)\nJefferson (b. 1812) Sold\nJohn (b. 1812) Sold\nBetty (b. September 10, 1816-d. October 12, 1862)\n[Kissy] (b. August 12, 1817-d. 1835?)\nWillis (b. Deceber 16, 1816)\nJane (b. April 25, 1821)\nQueen (b. November 4,1821)\nMargaret (b. July 15, 1830)\nJerry (b. June 20, 1832) Sold\nEbaline (b. May 10, 1839) Sold\nCharles (b. November 4, 1835) Sold\nMary (b. January 2, 1837)\nEliza Ann (b. March 10, 1839?)\nGeorge (b. July 30, 1834)\nLouisa (b. March 13, 1841)\nHenry (b. August 8, 1841) Sold\nJohn (b. December 20, 1849)\nAgnes (b. December 5 1844)\nNelson or Wilson? (b. March 1845)\nBessie (b. November 12, 1845)\nLucky (b. February 26, 1847)\nMatt (b. April 18, 1848)\nRice (b. January 3, 1849)\nShannon (b. May 1850)\nEmily (b. November 18, 1850) Sold\nAnn (b. January 1850)\nAmanda (b. September 15, 1851)\nThomas (b. April 20, 1852)\n(Marie?) (b. March 30, 1553)\nFanny (b. May 1853) Sold\nSally (b. October 8, 1854)\nNancy (b. April 1855-died?)\nThomas (b. April 1855-died?)\nJames (b. September 1844-died?)\nWilliam (b. February 5, 1856-died?)\nJoseph (b. September 1856)\nCharles (b. February 1857)\nJuley (b. June 14, 1859)\nRobert (b. 1830) Sold\nJudy (b. December 20, 1785-dead- Nelson Wife?)\nWilliam (b. September 10, 1847) dead (Bette child)\nFielding (b. April 2, 1847) died (June child)\nAlfred (b. March 2, 1858) (Mary Ann child)\nMarthey (b. October 30, 1858)\nWilliam (b. February 1860)\nDaniel (b. 160) died (Mary Ann child)\nNelson (b. December 1860) died (Margaret child)\nEliot (b.) Sold\nAlace (b. April 15, 1862)\nEmmas (b. April 14, 1862)\nDick Butler \nMary Ann\nNelson\nRubin Sold\nNed Sold\nDanil Sold\nDavy\nRichard\nhenry\nRobert Betsey\nHariet\nSofia\nRobert\nmack\nGeorge the [crock?]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGoodman \u0026amp; Farrow Family Journal, MSS 16482, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Libary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Goodman \u0026 Farrow Family Journal, MSS 16482, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Libary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJournal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Journal has been routed to Conservation orange flag workflow"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWarning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a family journal kept by the Goodman and Farrow families of Albemarle county. The journal includes five pages labeled \"Black register of births\" recording the first names and birth dates of more than 49 enslaved people. Also included are handwritten recipes, a few draft letters, and ancestral information.","Warning: Content in the journal lists first names of enslaved persons, with their birthdates and notation of \"Sold\". The first name on the register is \"Nelson,\" who was born December 25, 1780, and died in 1851.  The notation \"sold\" was made next to 10 of the names on the list, which records births as late as 1860.  A few of the later records also note the first name of the mother.  In addition to the list of names with birth dates, a single sheet also labeled \"black register births\" lists an additional 16 names and no birth dates.  Among those, three are noted \"sold.\"","The recipes and ancestral information contained in the journal are written in several different hands.  Laid in are draft letters to a cousin and a friend dated 1870 that were written by Sue A. Farrow (1832-1874), the granddaughter of Horsley Goodman.  There are more than a dozen pages of handwritten recipes which range from pickled cabbage and currant wine to apple jelly and a wide variety of pies and cakes.  One page of the journal lists abbreviations of North American places, such as \"N.W.T.\" for the Northwest Territory with no mention of California, which achieved statehood in 1850.","Other genealogical information written in the journal begins with the birth of Horsley Goodman (1760-1827), a farmer and brother of Thomas Jefferson's overseer, Jeremiah A. Goodman. He resided his entire life in Albemarle County.  Having briefly served in the Revolutionary War, Goodman later became a major in the Virginia militia.  He enslaved 24 people in 1820, according to Edgar Woods' Albemarle County in Virginia (1901).  He was married to Betsey Goodman (1909-1852)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandle gently as this journal is very fragile.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Handle gently as this journal is very fragile."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Farrow, Sue A., 1832-1874"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:44.564Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_977"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1787#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kendal, John","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1787#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a two-page letter written by John Kendal, a partially freed Black man from Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands, to his former enslaver, Thomas Watters. Watters was a British trader from Kendal in Cumbria who worked in the West Indies. Also included is a transcription of the letter provided by the dealer. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1787#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1787.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221440","title_filing_ssi":"Kendal, John, letter to enslaver Thomas Watters","title_ssm":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"title_tesim":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"unitdate_ssm":["September 8, 1816"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 8, 1816"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16902","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1787"],"text":["MSS 16902","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1787","Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters","Enslavers","Tortola (British Virgin Islands)","enslaved persons","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains a two-page letter written by John Kendal, a partially freed Black man from Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands, to his former enslaver, Thomas Watters. Watters was a British trader from Kendal in Cumbria who worked in the West Indies. Also included is a transcription of the letter provided by the dealer. ","Kendal writes to Watters so he may \"fulfil the favor that you promised\" and grant his full release from enslavement so he could receive payment for work and sue those who renege on contracts with him. ","The passing of the 1807 Act on the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire officially ended the trade in enslaved peoples between Africa, the West Indies, and America by Britain. However, it did not end slavery in the British Empire. Those enslaved remained enslaved unless they were given their freedom. This was the case for Kendal, who was freed at some point by Watters but could not receive protections under the law without the expressed release by Watters.  ","\nThe letter makes clear that the colonial merchants and seamen took advantage of the legal limbo and refused to pay wages to Kendal, knowing he would be unable to take advantage of any legal protection.","He shares two stories where he works and when he asks for his wages \"the first thing they told me, that I must Sue the Law for it Because they knew it was not in my Power to Sue the Law for it...\" Kendal expresses worry in the letter, reminding Watters that he has written several times and received no response. Kendal's desperate letter mentions his interest in caring for his family with a wage, stating that he has \"two children to maintain.\" ","He also shows a certain amount of closeness to Watters, asking him to send his regards to his wife and children and saying that he was sorry to hear that Watters had been ill. He also leaves Watters' instructions on how to contact him. ","The letter is important because it provides rare insight in to the life of a Black enslaved person on the cusp of freedom shortly after the passing of the British Slave Trade Act. Kendal's voice shows through the words of the letter allowing us to witness the appalling insecurity of the position of a former enslaved person who was forced to beg for the basic rights which the abolition of slavery had promised. (Maggs Bros. description)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kendal, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16902","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1787"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers","Tortola (British Virgin Islands)"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers","Tortola (British Virgin Islands)"],"creator_ssm":["Kendal, John"],"creator_ssim":["Kendal, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kendal, John"],"creators_ssim":["Kendal, John"],"places_ssim":["Enslavers","Tortola (British Virgin Islands)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Maggs Bros. Ltd.,to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 24 April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1816],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16902, Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16902, Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a two-page letter written by John Kendal, a partially freed Black man from Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands, to his former enslaver, Thomas Watters. Watters was a British trader from Kendal in Cumbria who worked in the West Indies. Also included is a transcription of the letter provided by the dealer. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKendal writes to Watters so he may \"fulfil the favor that you promised\" and grant his full release from enslavement so he could receive payment for work and sue those who renege on contracts with him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe passing of the 1807 Act on the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire officially ended the trade in enslaved peoples between Africa, the West Indies, and America by Britain. However, it did not end slavery in the British Empire. Those enslaved remained enslaved unless they were given their freedom. This was the case for Kendal, who was freed at some point by Watters but could not receive protections under the law without the expressed release by Watters.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe letter makes clear that the colonial merchants and seamen took advantage of the legal limbo and refused to pay wages to Kendal, knowing he would be unable to take advantage of any legal protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe shares two stories where he works and when he asks for his wages \"the first thing they told me, that I must Sue the Law for it Because they knew it was not in my Power to Sue the Law for it...\" Kendal expresses worry in the letter, reminding Watters that he has written several times and received no response. Kendal's desperate letter mentions his interest in caring for his family with a wage, stating that he has \"two children to maintain.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also shows a certain amount of closeness to Watters, asking him to send his regards to his wife and children and saying that he was sorry to hear that Watters had been ill. He also leaves Watters' instructions on how to contact him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter is important because it provides rare insight in to the life of a Black enslaved person on the cusp of freedom shortly after the passing of the British Slave Trade Act. Kendal's voice shows through the words of the letter allowing us to witness the appalling insecurity of the position of a former enslaved person who was forced to beg for the basic rights which the abolition of slavery had promised. (Maggs Bros. description)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a two-page letter written by John Kendal, a partially freed Black man from Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands, to his former enslaver, Thomas Watters. Watters was a British trader from Kendal in Cumbria who worked in the West Indies. Also included is a transcription of the letter provided by the dealer. ","Kendal writes to Watters so he may \"fulfil the favor that you promised\" and grant his full release from enslavement so he could receive payment for work and sue those who renege on contracts with him. ","The passing of the 1807 Act on the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire officially ended the trade in enslaved peoples between Africa, the West Indies, and America by Britain. However, it did not end slavery in the British Empire. Those enslaved remained enslaved unless they were given their freedom. This was the case for Kendal, who was freed at some point by Watters but could not receive protections under the law without the expressed release by Watters.  ","\nThe letter makes clear that the colonial merchants and seamen took advantage of the legal limbo and refused to pay wages to Kendal, knowing he would be unable to take advantage of any legal protection.","He shares two stories where he works and when he asks for his wages \"the first thing they told me, that I must Sue the Law for it Because they knew it was not in my Power to Sue the Law for it...\" Kendal expresses worry in the letter, reminding Watters that he has written several times and received no response. Kendal's desperate letter mentions his interest in caring for his family with a wage, stating that he has \"two children to maintain.\" ","He also shows a certain amount of closeness to Watters, asking him to send his regards to his wife and children and saying that he was sorry to hear that Watters had been ill. He also leaves Watters' instructions on how to contact him. ","The letter is important because it provides rare insight in to the life of a Black enslaved person on the cusp of freedom shortly after the passing of the British Slave Trade Act. Kendal's voice shows through the words of the letter allowing us to witness the appalling insecurity of the position of a former enslaved person who was forced to beg for the basic rights which the abolition of slavery had promised. (Maggs Bros. description)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kendal, John"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Kendal, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:40.503Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1787","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1787.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221440","title_filing_ssi":"Kendal, John, letter to enslaver Thomas Watters","title_ssm":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"title_tesim":["Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters"],"unitdate_ssm":["September 8, 1816"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 8, 1816"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16902","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1787"],"text":["MSS 16902","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1787","Letter from John Kendal, to enslaver Thomas Watters","Enslavers","Tortola (British Virgin Islands)","enslaved persons","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains a two-page letter written by John Kendal, a partially freed Black man from Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands, to his former enslaver, Thomas Watters. Watters was a British trader from Kendal in Cumbria who worked in the West Indies. Also included is a transcription of the letter provided by the dealer. ","Kendal writes to Watters so he may \"fulfil the favor that you promised\" and grant his full release from enslavement so he could receive payment for work and sue those who renege on contracts with him. ","The passing of the 1807 Act on the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire officially ended the trade in enslaved peoples between Africa, the West Indies, and America by Britain. However, it did not end slavery in the British Empire. Those enslaved remained enslaved unless they were given their freedom. This was the case for Kendal, who was freed at some point by Watters but could not receive protections under the law without the expressed release by Watters.  ","\nThe letter makes clear that the colonial merchants and seamen took advantage of the legal limbo and refused to pay wages to Kendal, knowing he would be unable to take advantage of any legal protection.","He shares two stories where he works and when he asks for his wages \"the first thing they told me, that I must Sue the Law for it Because they knew it was not in my Power to Sue the Law for it...\" Kendal expresses worry in the letter, reminding Watters that he has written several times and received no response. Kendal's desperate letter mentions his interest in caring for his family with a wage, stating that he has \"two children to maintain.\" ","He also shows a certain amount of closeness to Watters, asking him to send his regards to his wife and children and saying that he was sorry to hear that Watters had been ill. He also leaves Watters' instructions on how to contact him. ","The letter is important because it provides rare insight in to the life of a Black enslaved person on the cusp of freedom shortly after the passing of the British Slave Trade Act. Kendal's voice shows through the words of the letter allowing us to witness the appalling insecurity of the position of a former enslaved person who was forced to beg for the basic rights which the abolition of slavery had promised. 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