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All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects","Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. (Theophilus Parsons), 1845-1928","Ulman, Nathalia","Hopkins, Alden, 1905-1960","Curtice, Carroll","Killam, Charles W.","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Nelson, Richard A., 1933-2012","Fisher, Robert B.","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892","Ayers Saint Gross (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":361,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c04_c03"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51_c01","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51_c01"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51_c01","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51","parent_ssim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","Lantern slides"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49_c51"],"title_filing_ssi":"Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives","title_ssm":["Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives"],"title_tesim":["Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives"],"text":["Box 1 - Lantern slides and glass negatives","Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","Lantern slides","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","Lantern slides"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","Lantern slides"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3455,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"corpname_ssim":["Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882"],"names_ssim":["Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882"],"_nest_path_":"/components#50/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:15.852Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_4_resources_49","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_4_resources_49.xml","title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"title_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-2010"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"text":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010","HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.","Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.","The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)","Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Historical Photograph Collection, 1850/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49"],"unitid_tesim":["HPC","/repositories/4/resources/49"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_ssim":["Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. 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(Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. 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White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. 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C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. 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(Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  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(Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. (Joseph) Norman, 1855-1933","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Pine, Robert Edge, 1730?-1788","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Rinehart, A. E.  (Alfred Edward), 1851-1915","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Miley, Michael, 1841-1918","Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Platz, Max","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Thomas, Samuel A.","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Washington, Mary Ball, 1708-1789","Naramore, D. H. (Daniel H.)","Baulch, William","Loyd, William","Langenheim, Frederick, 1809-1879","Langenheim, William, 1807-1874","England, William, 1830-1896","Waldsmith, Robert, 1913-1993","Stacy, George, 1831-1897","White, Hawley C.","Singley,  B. L.  (Benjamin Lloyd)","Kelley, E. W., active 1868-1908","Cremer, James, 1821-1893","Bell, William, 1830-1910","Wasson, C. L. (Charles L.)","Newell, Robert, 1822-1897","Brown, Henry Kirke, 1814-1886","Tuttle, H. C.","Kilburn, B. W.  (Benjamin West), 1827-1909","Weil, P. F. (Peter F.)","Chase, W. M.  (William M.), approximately 1818-1901","Butler, Lucretia Wolcott Dodge, 1876-1914","Greenough, Horatio, 1805-1852","O'Donovan, William Rudolph, 1844-1920","Votaw, Albert H.  (Albert Hiatt), 1850-1931","Walker, Lewis E.  (Lewis Emory), 1822-1880","DeSouza, E.","Miller, Arthur C.","Ulman, Nathalia","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Thurston, John H.","Thompson, E. B. (Ezra Bowen), 1865-1951","Pyle, Howard, 1853-1911","Van Altena, Edward, 1873-1968","Heyder, Augusta A.","Wilcox, William A. (William Alonzo), 1857-","Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"extent_tesim":["89 Linear Feet Variety of container sizes based on photograph sizes and material types. Over-sized items are housed in drawers."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is an artifical collection organized in functional order. Items are first arranged by subject and then subsequently by media format and size."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items in this collection were either created by or under contract by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association or acquired by gift and purchase from various sources. Materials are added to the collection as they are acquired. For additional information please contact the Manager of Visual Resources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Historical Photograph Collection, [Folder], Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, The George Washington Presidential Library [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Historical Photograph Collection is largely comprised of materials created by or for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Some of the earliest photographs of the estate were created and sold to visitors by the Association as a means of income. Those efforts helped to establish an important collection of 19th century views. The collection spans the 1850s to 2000s and includes over 140 linear feet of analog material providing a visual history of the Mansion, outbuildings, tombs, grounds, events, visitors, collection objects, personnel, and changes throughout the estate."],"corpname_ssim":["Photo Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union","Detroit Publishing Co.","Commercial Photo Co.","Henry's Camera Center","Brown Brothers (New York, N.Y.)","Library of Congress","Wayne Studio and Photographic Color Laboratories","United States. Forest Service","F. W. Van Zile Popular Tours","United States. Federal Highway Administration","Associates' Photography and News Service","Washington star-news (Washington, D.C.) (1852-1981)","Kadel \u0026 Herbert News Service (New York)","Wide World Photos, inc.","Hart, Schaffner \u0026 Marx","Davis, Wick, Rosengarten Company, Inc.","Sunday Group Editorial Service","Sunday Sun Magazine","Smithsonian American Art Museum","Grand Army of the Republic","Washington Photo Co. (1900s)","Judd \u0026 Detweiler","Central News Photo Service","Bain News Service","National Pictorial News","American Legion","National Photo Company","Warner Bros. Pictures (1923-1967)","Boy Scouts of America","International News Photos (New York, N.Y.)","National Broadcast Company","Rembrandt Studios, Inc.","Freemasons. Alexandria-Washington Lodge, No. 22 (Alexandria, Va.)","Washington Times-Herald","Acme Newspictures (New York, N.Y.)","U. S. Army Signal Corps","United States Information Agency","Carl Byoir \u0026 Associates","Republic Aviation Corporation","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Frick Art Reference Library (New York)","Corcoran Gallery of Art","Allen \u0026 Horton","Wenderoth, Taylor \u0026 Brown","Boude \u0026 Miley Photographers","Bell \u0026 Bro. (Washington, D.C.)","Currier \u0026 Ives","Whitehurst Gallery (Washington, D.C.)","Seeley \u0026 Murphy","R. F. Field \u0026 Co.","American Stereoscopic Company","Langenheim, Loyd \u0026 Co.","E. \u0026 H.T. Anthony (Firm)","London Stereoscopic Company","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","H.C. White Co.","Berry, Kelley \u0026 Chadwick","American Colortype Company","Kilburn Brothers","International View Co.","Stereo-Travel Co.","R. Newell \u0026 Son","Centennial Photographic Co.","Rudolph Lesch Fine Arts, Inc.","Young People's Christian Union (Founded 1893)","Israel \u0026 Riddle. Stephen Israel","H. E. Hoyt \u0026 Co.","Beck Engraving Company","McIntosh Stereopticon Co.","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle","Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","Soule Art Company","Washington and Lee University","American Museum of Natural History (New York)","New York (State) Education Department. Division of visual instruction.","L. Manasse, Lantern Slides (Chicago)","Pennsylvania. State Museum (Harrisburg, PA)"],"persname_ssim":["Fisher, Robert B.","Dunlop, James R.","Leet Bros.","Abbott, Harold T.","Chamberlain, Samuel V., 1895-1975","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Dillon, Luke C., 1836-1904","Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967","Meek, James W.","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","Penrose, Henry K.","Louden, Orren R.","Trowbridge, Raymond W., 1886-1936","Johnson, N. G.  (Newton G.)","Parker, Edmund, 1827-1898","Bushrod, Thomas, 1825-1902","Jarvis, J. F.  (John Fillis), 1849-1931","Glocker, Charles Peyton","Glocker, Marietta Rodgers Cooper, 1845-1920","Davis, V. C.","Simms, Charles","Graham, Albert Belmont, 1868-1960","Woltz, Lewis P.","Baker, Reid S.","Laverty, H.J.","Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Sprouse, Edith Moore","Lehman, Harry","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Petitt, Arthur","Grimsley, Norman","Doughton, Page","Kennedy, George","Hatch","Webster, John Wallace","Grimsley, Norman, 1890-1976","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","Cragg, Esther Thomas, 1900-1966","Ritter, H.H.","Hillers, J.K.","Gibbs, Edward C., 1893-1963","Gibbs, Francis T.","Loeb, Morris, 1878-1969","Neitzey, Wilfred Henry, 1895-1988","Wernle, Albert","Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator, 1884-1951","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Fisher, Amos","Herbert, Upton","Tracy, Sarah, 1820-1896","Hollingsworth, John McHenry, 1823-1889","Blake, Levi Lowell, 1830-1904","Burgess, William H., 1816-1893","Woodbridge, S. Homer (Samuel Homer), 1848","Young , James","Sully, Thomas, 1783-1872","Petigru, James Louis, 1789-1863","Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860","Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863","Thomas, O. J. \"Buck\" (Oswald)","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Cragg, James \"Finney\", 1898-1977","Washington, Julian H., 1894-1953","Craig, James Y., 1839-1926","Bailey, Olive, 1903-1980","Quander, Thomas H.","Ford, George F., 1859-1935","Kaessinger, Charles H.","Holland, William, 1887-1968","Heiberg, Anna Howell Dodge, 1877-1967","Lowther, Minnie Kendall, 1869-1947","Livingood, Lily Foster","Rouse, James B., 1896-1946","Killam, Charles W.","Rouse, William L.","Enersen, Lawrence","Permar, William Jones, 1856-1940","Lacey, Fred","Simms, Walter","Ayres, Tom","Collins, Howard","Rogers, Manuel","McCalley, Charles","Deavers, Linton, 1906-1968","Costello, Ernest","Miller, George W. (Willie)","Taylor, Roy","Morse, Frank","Clapp, Harvey, Jr.","Fredericks, Harold J.","Duvall, James Garfield (Jesse)","Barnwell, Edward","Sutliff, Shirley","Tindall, Joyce","Neitzey, Albert","Macomber, Walter","Simms, Sherman","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Embrey, Ernest","Dodson, Howard","Thomas, James","Jacobs, William","Hammond, Frank H.","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Dakin, Monta Lee","Rhodehamel, John, H.","Clark, Ellen McCallister, 1953-","Norton, Dean","Schrage-Norton, Susanne","Thompson, Mary V., 1955-","Gorham, Anne Huber","Miller, Johnnie J.","Bermingham, Philip","Harbour, John E.","Compton, Grant","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Payne, John Lee, Sr., 1943-2007","Embrey, Ernest \"Lee\", Jr.","Talbot, Robert \"Abie\"","Dawson, Kenneth","Keeler, Sue","Kennedy, Flora","St. Mars, Hope","Tancil, Gladys","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Tisara, Nina","Sarbanes, Paul","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Stanton, Robert George, 1940-","Connolly, Harry, 1952-","Funderburk, Charles F.","Todd, Scotty","Staten, Henry","Carter, Theodore M.","Miller, Rebecca","Eves, Ethel","McDermott, Charlie","Hayes, Rutherford B., 1822-1893","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Gould, Jay, 1836-1892","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Morton, Levi P.  (Levi Parsons), 1824-1920","McKinley, William, 1834-1901","Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, 1862-1929","Edison, Thomas A. (Thomas Alva), 1847-1931","Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931","Viviani, René, 1863-1925","Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930","Foster, George E., Sir (George Eulas), 1847-1931","Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928","Riggs, Jane Agnes, 1854-1930","Moncheur, Ludovic, Baron, 1857-1940","Vesnić, Milenko, 1863-1921","Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, Marquess of, 1860-1935","Lang, Cosmo Gordon, 1864-1945","Tokugawa, Iesato, 1863-1940","Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1875-1934","Marshall, Thomas R. (Thomas Riley), 1854-1925","Léopold III, King of the Belgians, 1901-1983","Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Albert I, King of the Belgians, 1876-1965","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Marshall, Lois Irene Kimsey, 1873-1958","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972","Phillips, William, 1878-1968","Gouraud, Henri, 1867-1946","Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1877-1945","Wright, J. Butler  (Joshua Butler), 1877-1939","George, David Lloyd, 1863-1945","Marie, Queen, consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 1875-1938","Howard, Eleanor Washington, 1856-1937","Whitehill, Clarence, 1871-1932","Curtis, Charles, 1860-1936","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Hart, Laurance H.","Roosevelt, Franklin D.  (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Damtew, Desta, Ras, 1892-1937","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952","Peery, Nancy Gillespie, 1882-1963","Page, Roswell, 1858-1939","Call, Norman, 1880-1959","Smoot, William Albert, 2nd, 1878-1941","Watson, Edwin M.  (Edwin Martin), 1883-1945","Bastedo, Paul, 1887-1951","Buchan, John, 1875-1940","Stirl, George S.","George VI, King of Great Britain, 1895-1952","Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, King of Great Britain, 1900-2002","Lamb, William Harrison","Marler, Howard B.","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Qualters, Thomas","Bloom, Sol, 1870-1949","Lindsay, Ronald C., 1877-1945","Lindsay, Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, 1885-1954","Somoza, Anastasio, 1896-1956","Somoza, Salvadora Debayle, 1895-1987","Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, 1909-2004","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Prado y Ugarteche, Manuel, 1889-1967","Petar II Karađorđević, King of Yugoslavia, 1923-1970","Darden, Colgate W. (Colgate Whitehead), 1897-1981","Wallington, Jimmy","Moncure, Henry T.","Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003","Brown, Wilson, 1882-1957","Peñaranda Castillo, Enrique, 1892-1969","Beneš, Edvard, 1884-1948","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Morínigo, Higinio, 1897-1983","Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966","Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970","Hoppenot, Henri","Sveinn Björnsson, 1881-1952","Thor Thors, 1903-1965","Grau San Martín, Ramón, 1887-1969","ʻAbd al-Ilāh, Prince, 1913-1958","Ríos Morales, Juan Antonio, 1888-1946","Stelle, John H., 1891-1962","Cassell, C. Abayomi (Christian Abayomi)","Bevin, Ernest, 1881-1951","Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 1902-1969","Alexander of Tunis, Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, Earl, 1891-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952","Alemán, Miguel, 1905-1983","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Clark, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Thurmond, Jean Crouch, 1926-1960","Dutra, Eurico Gaspar, 1883-1974","Nehru, Kamala, 1899-1936","Nehru, Jawaharlal, 1889-1964","Gandhi, Indira, 1917-1984","Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905-1992","Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Philip, Prince, consort of Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1921-2021","Simmons, John F. (John Farr), 1892-1968","Akihito, Emperor Emeritus of Japan, 1933-","Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1901-1964","Frederika, Queen, consort of Paul I, King of the Hellenes, 1917-1981","Rhee, Syngman, 1875-1965","Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975","Tubman, William V. S., 1895-1971","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Magloire, Paul Eugène, 1907-2001","Scelba, Mario, 1901-","Martino, Gaetano, 1900-1967","Phibūnsongkhrām, Plǣk, 1897-1964","Nu, U, 1907-1995","Albert II, King of the Belgians, 1934-","Conger, Clement E.","Cunha, Paulo, 1908-1986","Robertson, Albert James, 1893-1978","Broyhill, Joel T.  (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006","Buxton, Clarence Edward, 1888-1978","Soekarno, 1901-1970","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), Jr., 1900-1986","Kishi, Nobusuke, 1896-1987","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Carter, Rosalynn","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Hussein, King of Jordan, 1935-1999","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Slaughter, Philip, Reverend, 1808-1890","Sharples, James, 1752-1811","Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 1741-1828","Mills, Clark, 1810-1883","Crosby, Ellen Lovell, 1853-1942","Crosby, Virginia Van Stone, 1888-1964","Merritt, J. D.","Mott, Agnes Peter, 1880-1957","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802","Kennon, Britannia Wellington Peter, 1815-1911","Bush, Margaret Gage","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Rockwood, George Gardner, 1832-1911","Farnsworth, Hannah Blake, 1802-1879","Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852","Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917","McHenry, Mary","Mitchell, Jim, 1795-1870","Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870","Nichols, David","Wright, Joseph, 1756-1793","Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1808-1873","Ferris, Stephen James, 1835-1915","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828","Wollaston, John, 1710-1775?","Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857","Leutze, Emanuel, 1816-1868","Worth, E. M. (Edwin M.), Professor, 1838-1917","Brewerton, George Douglas, 1820-1901","Whitehurst, Jesse Harrison, 1819-1875","Ingersoll, T. W. (Truman Ward), 1862-1922","Gibbs, J. 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Hopkins, and Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#8/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c05"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDrawing, Plan of Mount Vernon, showing interrelation of family, service, and plantation areas, to accompany research study by Morley Jeffers Williams. Drawing by Nathalia Ulman.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09"],"title_filing_ssi":"Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon","title_ssm":["Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon"],"title_tesim":["Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon"],"text":["Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon","Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps","Ulman, Nathalia","Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon, showing interrelation of family, service, and plantation areas, to accompany research study by Morley Jeffers Williams. Drawing by Nathalia Ulman."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":272,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"creator_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"names_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing, Plan of Mount Vernon, showing interrelation of family, service, and plantation areas, to accompany research study by Morley Jeffers Williams. Drawing by Nathalia Ulman.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing, Plan of Mount Vernon, showing interrelation of family, service, and plantation areas, to accompany research study by Morley Jeffers Williams. Drawing by Nathalia Ulman."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#8/components#7","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c08"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion, 1937","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDrawing, depiction of the second floor of the Mansion with rooms numbered. \"To Accompany a Set of Measured Drawings Made in the Office of Research and Restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.\" Drawn by Nathalia Ulman with measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins, and Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09"],"title_filing_ssi":"Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion","title_ssm":["Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion"],"title_tesim":["Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion, 1937"],"text":["Drawing, Second Floor, Perspective View of the Mansion, 1937","Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps","Ulman, Nathalia","Drawing, depiction of the second floor of the Mansion with rooms numbered. \"To Accompany a Set of Measured Drawings Made in the Office of Research and Restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.\" Drawn by Nathalia Ulman with measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins, and Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1937"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":270,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"creator_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"names_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"date_range_isim":[1937],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing, depiction of the second floor of the Mansion with rooms numbered. \"To Accompany a Set of Measured Drawings Made in the Office of Research and Restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.\" Drawn by Nathalia Ulman with measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins, and Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing, depiction of the second floor of the Mansion with rooms numbered. \"To Accompany a Set of Measured Drawings Made in the Office of Research and Restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.\" Drawn by Nathalia Ulman with measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins, and Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#8/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c06"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion, 1938","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDrawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion by Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09"],"title_filing_ssi":"Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion","title_ssm":["Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion"],"title_tesim":["Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion, 1938"],"text":["Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion, 1938","Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps","Ulman, Nathalia","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion by Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams, 1938."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","Series 6. Architecture \u0026 Archaeology, 1736/1967","Sub-Series 6.1. Maps \u0026 Drawings","M.J.W. Drawings and Maps"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1938"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":266,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"creator_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"names_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion by Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing, timeline of additions made to the Mansion by Nathalia Ulman under the direction of Morley Jeffers Williams, 1938."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#8/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1602-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"text":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967","A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images","Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report","The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, 1602/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MJW","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.62 Linear Feet 11 Hollinger boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026amp; Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026amp; Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026amp; Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026amp; Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in each series have been arranged alphabetically and according to subject matter.","List of Series:\nSeries 1: Structures, 1676 – 1938\nSub-Series 1.1: Buildings and Structures\nSub-Series 1.2: Mansion\n  \tI. General\n   \tII. Exterior\n \tIII. Interior\nSeries 2: Landscape, 1737 – 1939\nSub-Series 2.1: Gardens\nSub-Series 2.2: Grounds\nSub-Series 2.3: Walls \u0026 Gates\nSeries 3: Farming \u0026 Life at Mount Vernon, 1713 – 1925 \nSeries 4: Other Historic Sites, 1730 – 1937\nSeries 5: Biographical Information, 1602 – 1962\nSub-Series 5.1: Biographies\nSub-Series 5.2: Bibliographies \u0026 Written Works\nSub-Series 5.3: Chronologies\nSub-Series 5.4: Writings to/from George Washington\nSeries 6: Architecture and Archaeology \nSub-Series 6.1: Maps \u0026 Drawings\nSub-Series 6.2: Surveys\nSeries 7: Ephemera, 1758 - 1938\nSub-Series 7.1: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\nSub-Series 7.2: Reports\nSub-Series 7.3: Images"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronology:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure.     \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Morley Jeffers Williams was born in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada on August 1, 1886.  In 1910, twenty-four-year-old Williams attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.  Over the next eleven years, Williams used his engineering degree to work in various construction and agricultural positions such as bridge construction inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railroad and farm overseer.  After earning a second degree in horticulture from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, Williams became an instructor and student at the Harvard University School of Design.","During a successful academic career in which he was awarded several grants and appointed an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design, Williams began to visit historic sites and make topographic surveys for his own research.  He became involved with restoration projects at various sites, and in 1931 the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) contracted Williams to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.  After Williams completed his work at Mount Vernon, he continued to study the architectural and archaeological elements of George Washington's estate, in addition to his other projects and responsibilities.  In spring 1935, the MVLA again contracted Williams; his task was to restore the Kitchen Garden.  By the following winter, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hired Williams to be the Director of the new Research and Restoration Department.","During his time as Director of Research and Restoration, Williams uncovered and assisted in the reconstruction and/or restoration of several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden, Deer Park Wall, and two Ha-Ha Walls.  Williams also helped improve the historic integrity within the Mansion, as he both researched 18th-century material culture and used artifacts found during excavations to ensure the objects placed in the mansion and other site buildings were historically accurate for Mount Vernon.  Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration eventually expanded to oversee the restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, and Gardens, and the development of the Library.  \nIn May 1939, the board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association decided to discontinue both the Department of Research and Restoration and Williams's position as department head.  Soon thereafter, Williams left Mount Vernon and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","Throughout the duration of his life, Morley Williams worked at various other historic sites including Tryon Palace in North Carolina.  He became a professor of landscape architecture at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design, and was later appointed chair of the Landscape Architecture Department.  In early 1977, Williams returned to Mount Vernon with his family for a visit and was well received. Approximately 10 months later, Morley Williams died of congestive heart failure.","Morley Williams was a pioneer of rigorous and scholarly study of Mount Vernon, especially on the evolution of the estate landscape.  As Director of the Research and Restoration Department, Williams used an interdisciplinary approach to research and restoration, by combining landscape architecture, history, historic preservation, and archaeology.  Much of the current understanding of Mount Vernon's history is based upon the findings of Morley Williams.  To this day, Morley Jeffers Williams's work continues to be an immeasurable asset to the restoration efforts at Mount Vernon.","Chronology:","The following is a more in-depth timeline charting the life and accomplishments of Morley Jeffers Williams.","August 1, 1886 – Born in Tillsenburg, Ontario, Canada.","1910-1911 – Attended the engineering school at the University of Toronto for training as a civil engineer.","1911 – Hired as a bridge construction inspector by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.","1912 – Hired as bridge construction inspector and the acting engineer of bridge site surveys by the Montreal-Port Arthur District of the Canadian Northern Railway.  Eventually promoted to resident engineer in charge of roadbed grading and track-laying.","1914 – Resigned from his job and relocated to Kingsville, Ontario.  Became the co-owner of a grain elevator and cultivated three hundred acres of land with seed grades of corn, small grains, and grasses.","1922 – Began managing Vincent Massey's farm; some responsibilities included consulting about the buildings and presentations of other private farms.","1925: Earned a horticulture degree from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario.","1927 – Became a student and instructor at Harvard School of Design.","1928 – Earned an MLA (landscape architecture) in city planning at Harvard University's School of Design.","1929 – Received the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied landscape design in Europe and North Africa.","1930 – Became an assistant professor at Harvard School of Design.","March 1931 – Awarded a grant from the Clark Fund for Research in Landscape Design at Harvard to study \"American Landscape Design as Exemplified by the Plantation Estates of Maryland and Virginia, 1750 to 1860.\"","May 1931 – Visited various historic plantations, including Gunston Hall and Woodlawn, creating topographic surveys.","July 1931 – Contracted to prepare topographic drawings of Mount Vernon for the bicentennial of George Washington's birth.","Summer 1932 – Hired to complete Arthur Shurcliff's research and excavations at Stratford Hall.  Identified many original structures and sketched architectural restoration plans for the east garden at Stratford Hall.  Received a second grant from the Clark Fund, which allowed him to further his research on Virginia and Maryland plantations, including Monticello.","Summer 1933 – Supervised the restoration of the east garden at Stratford Hall.","Summer 1934 – Received funding from the Emergency Relief Administration of Massachusetts to restore God's Acre in Harvard Square, an old burial ground. Upon finishing this restoration project, Williams continued his architectural and archaeological assessment of the grounds at Mount Vernon.","May 1935 – Contracted to restore the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon under the supervision of Mrs. Horace Brown, the Vice-Regent for Vermont.","Summer 1935 – Continued to oversee the restoration of the Kitchen Garden at Mount Vernon.  He was also contracted to assess the history of White House landscaping in light of possible changes to design.","Winter 1935 – Hired by Mount Vernon as the Director of Research and Restoration.","Spring 1936 – Taught during spring semester at Harvard, then resigned his professorship in order to focus his efforts at Mount Vernon. Williams helped to rebuild and/or restore several original structures on-site including the Kitchen Garden and Deer Park Wall.  He used artifacts found during excavations such as door hinges and other hardware to model replicas for the newly restored buildings.  Williams also uncovered various original structures including two Ha-Ha walls and a cross-wall underlying the Bowling Green, which were previously unknown to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.","1937 – Concerned with preserving the historic integrity of the site, Williams pointed out items and structures he deemed inaccurate such as various walkways and coaches.  As Director of the Department of Research and Restoration, Williams also focused on accessing primary documentation for research, as well as acquiring objects for Mount Vernon's collections.","1938 - Contracted Frances Benjamin Johnston to make photographic studies as a supplement to his measured drawings.  Her photographs were combined with an article written by Williams in the January 1938 edition of Landscape Architecture and the February issue of American Architect and Architecture.  Williams also assigned employees within the Department of Research and Restoration to research various collections located at the Library of Congress that he believed would help to maintain the historic integrity at Mount Vernon as restoration efforts continued.","1939 – Under Williams's supervision, the Department of Research and Restoration grew to oversee the research and restoration of the Mansion, Tomb, Gardens, Grounds, and Outbuildings, as well as the development of the Library.","May 16, 1939 – Board of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association voted to dismantle the Department of Research and Restoration as of June 1, 1939.","Summer 1939 – Williams ended his association with Mount Vernon after the dissolution of the Department of Research and Restoration and began his own business conducting architectural and archaeological research.","1940 – 1941 – Researched 18th-century manuscripts and newspapers in several prominent repositories, including the Library of Congress.","1941-1947 – Morley Williams and his wife, Nathalia Williams, managed their own business for architectural and archaeological research.","1947 – Hired as a professor of landscape architecture by the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1948 – Appointed chair of the landscape architecture department at the North Carolina State College (now University) School of Design.","1952 –1960 (ca.) - Contracted to restore Tryon Palace, a pre-Revolutionary governor's mansion in North Carolina.  Oversaw archaeological excavations that exposed the original foundation of the governor's mansion, as well as uncovered other structural aspects of the site such as water sources and outbuildings.  Since no garden plots were discovered, Williams drew plans for formal gardens authentic to the time period Tryon Palace was first constructed.  During the excavations and restoration, Williams salvaged many artifacts, which he never fully identified and/or processed.  This later became a point of contention between Williams and the benefactors of Tryon Palace.","1961 – Returned to Harvard as a lecturer for landscape architecture.","December 1961 – Settled accounts with Tryon Palace by returning all artifacts to the Tryon Palace Commission.","1962-1977 – Williams and his wife continued to restore historic sites and landscapes for the remainder of his life.","February 1977 – At ninety-one, Williams returned with his family to Mount Vernon for a visit, and was well received by Regent Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr., Director Charles Cecil Wall, and others.","December 1, 1977 – Morley Jeffers Williams died of congestive heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Morley Jeffers Williams Collection, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers of the MVLA\nPapers of the Superintendent and Resident Director\nMeasured drawings (architectural drawings)\nRestoration Files of the Historic Structures Report"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, biographies and other written works, bibliographies, excerpts from diaries, letters, inventories and ledgers, various types of architectural and archaeological drawings, maps, and images documenting the work and research conducted during Morley Jeffers Williams's tenure at George Washington's Mount Vernon.  Williams compiled the majority of the documents and images found in this collection between 1931 and 1939; however, the information contained within these records dates from 1602 to 1967.  \nThe bulk of the collection consists of numerous architectural and archaeological drawings detailing past and contemporary views of George Washington's estate; furthermore, there are several drawings depicting possible future renovations to Mount Vernon.  This collection also contains a large amount of scholarly research pertaining to George Washington, Mount Vernon, and 18th-century life and culture.  This information provides an in-depth understanding of George Washington's life, particularly concerning his interactions with his estate.  Other documentation charts the efforts of Morley Jeffers Williams as he worked to restore the structures and landscape at Mount Vernon."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Ulman, Nathalia","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":317,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:04.240Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_2_c06_c01_c09_c02"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c01_c90","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"First and Second Floor Perspective View of the Mansion, 1937","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_61_c01_c90#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eHand-colored perspective views, \"to accompany a set of measured drawings made in the office of research and restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. 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Prepared under the direction of Morley J. Williams, Director of Research and Restoration, Drawn by N. Ulman from measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins and N. Ulman.\""],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Mansion"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016","Mansion"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1937"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":91,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, 1870/2016"],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 58","folder 12"],"creator_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"persname_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"names_ssim":["Ulman, Nathalia"],"date_range_isim":[1937],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHand-colored perspective views, \"to accompany a set of measured drawings made in the office of research and restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Prepared under the direction of Morley J. Williams, Director of Research and Restoration, Drawn by N. Ulman from measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins and N. Ulman.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Hand-colored perspective views, \"to accompany a set of measured drawings made in the office of research and restoration of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Prepared under the direction of Morley J. Williams, Director of Research and Restoration, Drawn by N. Ulman from measurements by L.A. Enersen, J.D. Scruggs, A. Hopkins and N. 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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.","There may be some overlap with the Maps of Mount Vernon and the surrounding area collection. Other blueprints and architectural drawings may be found in the Papers of the MVLA, the Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, and the Restoration Files for the Historic Structures Report.","This collections contains the architectural drawings of Mount Vernon including the measured drawings of the Mansion, outbuildings, and other MVLA structures. The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose.","Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. 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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The drawings are described in this finding aid according to the location it represents on the estate: the Mansion, Gardens and Grounds, Outbuildings, and other structures. However, the drawings are physically interfiled and interspersed throughout the drawers, and does not follow its intellectual description. All drawings can be found by using the finding aid or keyword search, but physical browsing may be difficult."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Measured Drawings and Blueprints of Mount Vernon, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. 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The bulk of material dates from the 1930s (during the tenure of the Director of Research and Restoration, Morley Jeffers Williams) through the 1990s. The drawings were accumulated by, and transferred to, the library/archives over time and are now compiled into this collection based on format and purpose."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Material can be reproduced for study or personal use upon written approval from library staff."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Mesick Cohen Waite Architects","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","Quinn Evans/Architects"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Harold T.","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Macomber, Walter","Chandler, Theophilus P. 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