{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Max+Rambod\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Max+Rambod\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Max+Rambod\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":17,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African American man tintype portrait, 1865/1900","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1551#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1551#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1551#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1551.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190885","title_filing_ssi":"African American man tintype portrait","title_ssm":["African American man tintype portrait"],"title_tesim":["African American man tintype portrait"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865-1900"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1865-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American man tintype portrait, 1865/1900"],"text":["African American man tintype portrait, 1865/1900","MSS 16795","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1551","African American young men","tintypes (prints)","The collection is open for research use.","\"African Americans' engagement with photography in the 19th century began a tradition for Black photographers' use of photography today to promote social change. African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)","\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)","\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. Other Black Americans, including native Virginian James Presley Ball (1825–1904), practiced and shaped the medium from its earliest years.\" (2)","Sources:\n\"How Black people in the 19th century used photography as a tool for social change\"\nhttps://www.si.umich.edu/about-umsi/news/how-black-people-19th-century-used-photography-tool-social-change","\"A Powerful Influence: Early Photographs of African Americans from the Collection of Dennis O. Williams\" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Dr. Sarah Kennel, curator. November 19, 2022- June 15 2023.\nhttps://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/powerful-influence-early-photographs-african-americans-collection-dennis-o-williams/","Tintypes were portable, cheap, and fast to make. They came onto the scene in 1853 and were used through 1930. Photographers could easily sell their services at fairs or travel to battlefields. Some of the most common subjects were Civil War fields and soldiers, who would send photos home to loved ones.","Tintype creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.The metal plates are coated with chemicals, exposed to light in a camera, and processed with additional chemistry. This creates an underexposed negative image. When that negative is placed on a dark background, the transparent areas appear black, which makes the plate look like a positive image.","This collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio.","The tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century.","These portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. 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African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. 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African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)","\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)","\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. Other Black Americans, including native Virginian James Presley Ball (1825–1904), practiced and shaped the medium from its earliest years.\" (2)","Sources:\n\"How Black people in the 19th century used photography as a tool for social change\"\nhttps://www.si.umich.edu/about-umsi/news/how-black-people-19th-century-used-photography-tool-social-change","\"A Powerful Influence: Early Photographs of African Americans from the Collection of Dennis O. Williams\" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Dr. Sarah Kennel, curator. November 19, 2022- June 15 2023.\nhttps://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/powerful-influence-early-photographs-african-americans-collection-dennis-o-williams/","Tintypes were portable, cheap, and fast to make. They came onto the scene in 1853 and were used through 1930. Photographers could easily sell their services at fairs or travel to battlefields. 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When that negative is placed on a dark background, the transparent areas appear black, which makes the plate look like a positive image."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16795, African American man tintype portrait, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16795, African American man tintype portrait, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. Photography was one way to commemorate freedom and memorialize prosperity.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio.","The tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century.","These portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. Photography was one way to commemorate freedom and memorialize prosperity."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1551","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1551.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190885","title_filing_ssi":"African American man tintype portrait","title_ssm":["African American man tintype portrait"],"title_tesim":["African American man tintype portrait"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865-1900"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1865-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American man tintype portrait, 1865/1900"],"text":["African American man tintype portrait, 1865/1900","MSS 16795","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1551","African American young men","tintypes (prints)","The collection is open for research use.","\"African Americans' engagement with photography in the 19th century began a tradition for Black photographers' use of photography today to promote social change. African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)","\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)","\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. Other Black Americans, including native Virginian James Presley Ball (1825–1904), practiced and shaped the medium from its earliest years.\" (2)","Sources:\n\"How Black people in the 19th century used photography as a tool for social change\"\nhttps://www.si.umich.edu/about-umsi/news/how-black-people-19th-century-used-photography-tool-social-change","\"A Powerful Influence: Early Photographs of African Americans from the Collection of Dennis O. Williams\" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Dr. Sarah Kennel, curator. November 19, 2022- June 15 2023.\nhttps://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/powerful-influence-early-photographs-african-americans-collection-dennis-o-williams/","Tintypes were portable, cheap, and fast to make. They came onto the scene in 1853 and were used through 1930. Photographers could easily sell their services at fairs or travel to battlefields. Some of the most common subjects were Civil War fields and soldiers, who would send photos home to loved ones.","Tintype creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.The metal plates are coated with chemicals, exposed to light in a camera, and processed with additional chemistry. This creates an underexposed negative image. When that negative is placed on a dark background, the transparent areas appear black, which makes the plate look like a positive image.","This collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio.","The tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century.","These portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. 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African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. Other Black Americans, including native Virginian James Presley Ball (1825–1904), practiced and shaped the medium from its earliest years.\" (2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"How Black people in the 19th century used photography as a tool for social change\"\nhttps://www.si.umich.edu/about-umsi/news/how-black-people-19th-century-used-photography-tool-social-change\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Powerful Influence: Early Photographs of African Americans from the Collection of Dennis O. Williams\" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Dr. Sarah Kennel, curator. November 19, 2022- June 15 2023.\nhttps://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/powerful-influence-early-photographs-african-americans-collection-dennis-o-williams/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintypes were portable, cheap, and fast to make. They came onto the scene in 1853 and were used through 1930. Photographers could easily sell their services at fairs or travel to battlefields. Some of the most common subjects were Civil War fields and soldiers, who would send photos home to loved ones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintype creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.The metal plates are coated with chemicals, exposed to light in a camera, and processed with additional chemistry. This creates an underexposed negative image. When that negative is placed on a dark background, the transparent areas appear black, which makes the plate look like a positive image. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"African Americans' engagement with photography in the 19th century began a tradition for Black photographers' use of photography today to promote social change. African Americans, whether they are in front or behind the camera, create empowering images that define the beauty and resilience contained within the Black experience.\" (1)","\"To pose for a photograph became an empowering act for African Americans. It served as a way to counteract racist caricatures that distort facial features and mocked Black society. African Americans in urban and rural settings participated in photography to demonstrate dignity in the Black experience.\" (1)","\"For African Americans in particular, photographic portraits offered a means of self-representation and empowerment. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass—who was himself the most photographed man of the 19th century—consistently championed the medium for its capacity to affirm the humanity and dignity of its sitters and challenge dehumanizing, racist stereotypes. Other Black Americans, including native Virginian James Presley Ball (1825–1904), practiced and shaped the medium from its earliest years.\" (2)","Sources:\n\"How Black people in the 19th century used photography as a tool for social change\"\nhttps://www.si.umich.edu/about-umsi/news/how-black-people-19th-century-used-photography-tool-social-change","\"A Powerful Influence: Early Photographs of African Americans from the Collection of Dennis O. Williams\" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Dr. Sarah Kennel, curator. November 19, 2022- June 15 2023.\nhttps://vmfa.museum/exhibitions/exhibitions/powerful-influence-early-photographs-african-americans-collection-dennis-o-williams/","Tintypes were portable, cheap, and fast to make. They came onto the scene in 1853 and were used through 1930. Photographers could easily sell their services at fairs or travel to battlefields. Some of the most common subjects were Civil War fields and soldiers, who would send photos home to loved ones.","Tintype creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.The metal plates are coated with chemicals, exposed to light in a camera, and processed with additional chemistry. This creates an underexposed negative image. When that negative is placed on a dark background, the transparent areas appear black, which makes the plate look like a positive image."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16795, African American man tintype portrait, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16795, African American man tintype portrait, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. Photography was one way to commemorate freedom and memorialize prosperity.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features one 2.25 X4\" tintype photograph of an unidentified African American man dressed in a three-piece suit with a bowtie, pocket square, and derby hat with a sash perched at a stylish angle on his head. The man leans against a marble column against a plain background in a studio.","The tintype was invented in 1855, one decade before the emancipation of enslaved African Americans across the United States. His suit, medium, and background suggest a date roughly within the mid-to-late nineteenth century.","These portraits come from a time just after emanicipation when African Americans were creating new lives for themselves. Photography was one way to commemorate freedom and memorialize prosperity."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1551"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [ ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"text":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"text":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1905#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1905#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1905#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1905.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241244","title_filing_ssi":"Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph","title_ssm":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph"],"title_tesim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"text":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945","MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905","Nurses","Panoramas","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","The Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.","The Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee.","References","\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/.","Sarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM.","This collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"collection_ssim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 6 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nurses","Panoramas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nurses","Panoramas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.0098 Cubic Feet 1 panoramic folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.0098 Cubic Feet 1 panoramic folder"],"dimensions_tesim":["folder measures 27 X 10 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Panoramas"],"date_range_isim":[1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.","The Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee.","References","\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/.","Sarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16952, Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16952, Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1905","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1905.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241244","title_filing_ssi":"Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph","title_ssm":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph"],"title_tesim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"text":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945","MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905","Nurses","Panoramas","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","The Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.","The Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee.","References","\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/.","Sarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM.","This collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"collection_ssim":["Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16952","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1905"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 6 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nurses","Panoramas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nurses","Panoramas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.0098 Cubic Feet 1 panoramic folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.0098 Cubic Feet 1 panoramic folder"],"dimensions_tesim":["folder measures 27 X 10 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Panoramas"],"date_range_isim":[1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Quartermaster School had operated at Camp Lee since October 1941, when it relocated from Schuylkill Arsenal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it had been housed since 1928 in increasingly overcrowded quarters.","The Army Nurse Corps had grown 942 nurses in June 1940 to a peak of more than 57,000 in August 1945. Formal four-week basic training for newly commissioned Army nurses had been authorized only in July 1943, when Lt. Gen. Brehon B. Somervell of Army Service Forces directed instruction in Army organization, military customs, field sanitation, defense against air, chemical, and mechanized attack, personnel administration, and property responsibility. The standard ANC basic-training centers were Fort Meade, Fort Devens, Halloran General Hospital, Camp McCoy, and Brooke General Hospital, though smaller detachments of the program existed, such as that at Camp Lee.","References","\"The QM School — Past and Present.\" Quartermaster Foundation. Originally published in The Quartermaster Review, May–June 1946. https://quartermasterfoundation.org/the-qm-school-past-and-present/.","Sarnecky, Mary T. A History of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. \"Highlights in the History of the Army Nurse Corps: Chronology.\" Accessed April 27, 2026. https://www.history.army.mil/books/anc-highlights/chrono.htm.","U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Army Nurse Corps. CMH Pub 72-14. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16952, Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16952, Army Nurses, Camp Lee, Virginia photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a panoramic photograph depicting the graduating class of Army Nurses Basic Course, No. 2, Third Platoon, photographed at the Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Virginia, on April 10, 1945. The photograph shows 52 white female students and six male students arranged in three rows, flanked by five male officers. The women wear uniforms with ties, caps, and badges. Captioned text appears at the bottom center of the image, stating \"Army Nurses Basic Course No 2 The QM School Camp Lee, Va., 10 April 1945 Third Platoon.\" The photograph was captured during the final months of World War II. The Quarter Master school had recently relocated from Schuykill, New York, to Camp Lee, Virginia, as part of an expansion of its operations during the war. By April 1945, over 57,000 women were serving in the US Army Nurse Corps. The photograph was taken from DeSouza Studio based in Petersburg, VA."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1905"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1515#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1515#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1515#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1515.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189278","title_filing_ssi":"Rhoades, Bessie M., botany workbook and notebooks","title_ssm":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks"],"title_tesim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1904"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1904"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1903/1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"text":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904","MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515","Women students","Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century.","This collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.","The notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages.","Five of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects.","The notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes.","Apart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school.","Rhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.","There are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["Women students"],"places_ssim":["Women students"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 8 February 2023 and 1 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 Cubic Feet four letter-sized file folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 Cubic Feet four letter-sized file folders"],"physfacet_tesim":["six notebooks and one botany workbook"],"genreform_ssim":["Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16776, Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16776, Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.","The notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages.","Five of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects.","The notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes.","Apart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school.","Rhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.","There are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1515","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1515.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189278","title_filing_ssi":"Rhoades, Bessie M., botany workbook and notebooks","title_ssm":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks"],"title_tesim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1904"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1904"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1903/1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"text":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904","MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515","Women students","Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century.","This collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.","The notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages.","Five of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects.","The notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes.","Apart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school.","Rhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.","There are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, 1903/1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16776","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1515"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["Women students"],"places_ssim":["Women students"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 8 February 2023 and 1 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Orphanages -- Pennsylvania","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 Cubic Feet four letter-sized file folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 Cubic Feet four letter-sized file folders"],"physfacet_tesim":["six notebooks and one botany workbook"],"genreform_ssim":["Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Mae Rhoades was an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womeldorf, Pennsylvania in 1903. During the early 1900's, orphans were often children of neglect and poverty. Some sought out orphanages because the living conditions were an improvement over life at home or on the street. Rhoades detailed observations in her botany workbook demonstrate a young woman's strong interest in science at the turn of the twentieth century."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16776, Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16776, Bessie M. Rhoades botany workbook and notebooks, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains six handwritten notebooks and a workbook outlining botanic observations of Bessie M. Rhoades, an orphan at the Bethany Orphanage in Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania. The collection highlights the study of science by a female student at the turn of the twentieth century.It is a personal archive detailing life inside an American orphanage during a pivotal moment in the history of child advocacy.The education provided by an orphanage could give students academic opportunities beyond their origins.","The notebooks are soft composition books with a range of covers, some patriotic, and range in size from 10\" x 8\" to 6\" x 9\" inches. Rhoades has written in each book in either pencil or pen, although all contain blank pages.","Five of the notebooks are of high school coursework such as Advanced Algebra, Latin, Grammar, United States history, and Greek philosophy, which gives an insight into high school education in the early twentieth century. Many of the notebooks are a mix of the above subjects.","The notebooks also include unsent or drafts of letters sharing personal news with her relatives including her cousin and brother. Additional notes are tipped into some of the notebooks with letters or academic notes.","Apart from these school textbooks, one notebook documents school expenditures, including expenses and vendors, suggesting that Rhoades had an administrative role in the school.","Rhoades studied in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Of note, the Botany workbook is titled \"Record of plant analyses,\" by A.C. Rothermel, principal, Keystone State Normal School, Kutztown, PA, and published in Kutztown, PA. by Journal and Patriot Printing House, 1902. It is filled with handwritten notes, drawings, and observations from Bessie M. Rhoades.","There are twenty-eight individual drawings of flowers and twenty-five handwritten entries of scientific observations with these drawings. A handwritten label on the front cover has Bessie's signature and the dates \"May 6, 1903\" and \"April 28, 1904\". It includes entries for many plant species. Some are identified by \"common names\" in addition to their proper order, genus, and species: Buttercup, Strawberry, Painted Cup, Violet, Geranium, Star of Bethlehem, Cinque Foil, Robins Plantain, Catnip, Speedwell, Mallow, Rattlesnake Weed, Oxeyed Daisy, Checker Berry, Money Wort, etc. Each entry allocates spaces to list observations about the plant, including the place and date where found, the type of soil in which it grew, the height and form of the plant, the etymology of the plant name, geography, propagation techniques, and uses (ornamental, medicinal, etc.) There are detailed prompts to encourage the study of the plant's anatomy and a Glossary of Botanical Terms."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1515"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1922.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241722","title_filing_ssi":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph","title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"text":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922","African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection is open for research.","James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.","Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)","This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 4 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudents moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCELEBRATION\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1922.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241722","title_filing_ssi":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph","title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"text":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922","African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection is open for research.","James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.","Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)","This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 4 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudents moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCELEBRATION\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"text":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. 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Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"text":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1554.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190889","title_filing_ssi":"African American Women in Chicago","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1954"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1942-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"text":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554","Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs","Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm","This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod, Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1554.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190889","title_filing_ssi":"African American Women in Chicago","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1954"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1942-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"text":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554","Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs","Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm","This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod, Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1818#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1818#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1818#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1818.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/228447","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan","title_ssm":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan"],"title_tesim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"text":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945","MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 8 September 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16917, Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16917, Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"persname_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1818","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1818.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/228447","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan","title_ssm":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan"],"title_tesim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"text":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945","MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16917","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1818"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 8 September 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","Atomic bomb"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16917, Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16917, Collection of press photographs of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains nine press photographs from Hiroshima and a signed type script from Thomas W. Ferebee, a bombardier of the first atomic bomb. Six of the press photos of Hiroshima are aerial views before and after the nuclear bomb, two are on-the-ground shots of buildings and buses destroyed, and one photograph of United States General MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender in September 1945. Press captions are taped or glued to the back for all but one image. The typescript, dated August 7th, details the dropping of the bomb and its aftermath in Hiroshima."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"persname_ssim":["Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Ferebee, Thomas, 1918-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1818"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1739#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1739#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. Butler was among the one million African American men and women who served during the war. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1739#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1739.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212833","title_filing_ssi":"Butler, Ernest, photograph album","title_ssm":["Ernest Butler photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Ernest Butler photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1942-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"text":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945","MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. Butler was among the one million African American men and women who served during the war.","The album documents his time in Germany, his return to the United States, and his post-war life. The album contains over 250 black and white silver gelatin photographs over its thirty pages. The images depict Butler's service in Germany, where he photographed the men he served alongside, as well as the destroyed Nazi weapons and vehicles, German prisoners of war, and sites seen on his journey back home to the United States. Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.","The photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians.","The pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.","Also included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle.","There are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Ernest"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Ernest","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 21 August 2024. The bookseller noted that the consignor relates that the album was acquired from a Cleveland, Ohio estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook, 1796/1799"],"collection_ssim":["G. 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