{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Audio Recordings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","parent_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials"],"text":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials","Audio Recordings","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985"],"title_filing_ssi":"Audio Recordings","title_ssm":["Audio Recordings"],"title_tesim":["Audio Recordings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audio Recordings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":39,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":113,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_ssim":["WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985"],"corpname_ssim":["WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","National Education Association of the United States","Lake Forest College","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","Syracuse University","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University"],"persname_ssim":["Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Perot, Ruth T.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1965-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"text":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.","James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.","Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eName of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Name of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":170,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Audiovisual Materials","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","parent_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"text":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"title_filing_ssi":"Audiovisual Materials","title_ssm":["Audiovisual Materials"],"title_tesim":["Audiovisual Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audiovisual Materials"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":112,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_ssim":["WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","Congress of Racial Equality","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","National Education Association of the United States","Lake Forest College","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","Syracuse University","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Perot, Ruth T.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1965-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"text":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.","James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.","Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eName of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Name of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":170,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Farmer, James, 1920-1999","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1965-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"text":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.","James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.","Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eName of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Name of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":170,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1965-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"text":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.","James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.","Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eName of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Name of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":170,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01","parent_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials","Audio Recordings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials","Audio Recordings"],"text":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","Audiovisual Materials","Audio Recordings","Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Houser, George M.","box 11","Digitized copy available on external hard drive UOMW_July2012_DRV03, filename Farmer_Audio_046.","Note on cassette reads \"Message for James Farmer\".","Recorded messages from FOR members to James Farmer after his receipt of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.","00:50:40"],"title_filing_ssi":"Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation","title_ssm":["Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation"],"title_tesim":["Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Message from George Houser and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cassettes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cassettes"],"creator_ssim":["Houser, George M.","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":129,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_ssim":["Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Houser, George M."],"corpname_ssim":["Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Houser, George M."],"containers_ssim":["box 11"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized copy available on external hard drive UOMW_July2012_DRV03, filename Farmer_Audio_046.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized copy available on external hard drive UOMW_July2012_DRV03, filename Farmer_Audio_046."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNote on cassette reads \"Message for James Farmer\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded messages from FOR members to James Farmer after his receipt of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Note on cassette reads \"Message for James Farmer\".","Recorded messages from FOR members to James Farmer after his receipt of the Presidential Medal of Freedom."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_30ae9fa63c38772fff69ccfb43275536\"\u003e00:50:40\u003c/materialspec\u003e"],"materialspec_tesim":["00:50:40"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0/components#15","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1965-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"text":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15","James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","United States -- Race relations","Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.","James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.","Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.","The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.","Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0007","/repositories/2/resources/15"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Education, Higher -- Virginia","African Americans -- Housing","Presidential Medal of Freedom","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights demonstrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet 10 document cases, 4 flat storage boxes, 1 record storage box"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into twelve series based on material type and subject. 1. Awards and honors; 2. Biographical information; 3. Correspondence; 4. Manuscripts and transcripts; 5. Photographs; 6. General files; 7. Materials from professional organizations; 8. Printed materials; 9. Research and lecture materials; 10. Audiovisual materials; 11. Oversize and ephemera; 12. Artifacts. Some series also contain component sub-series. The contents of each series are arranged alphabetically with items within the series being arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIll health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born January 12, 1920 in Marshall, Texas. He was an exceedingly intelligent student and began attending Wiley College at age fourteen, graduating with his B.S. degree in 1938. From there he went to Howard University School of Divinity before obtaining his B.D. degree in 1941. Eventually, Farmer would become widely recognized as one of the \"Big Four\" of the civil rights movement. He founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942, and gained national recognition in the 1960s for his leadership of the \"Freedom Rides\" into the South. Farmer's non-violent acts played a significant role in the events leading to the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965. ","James Farmer also forayed into politics, albeit briefly. He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1968, and from 1969-1970, he served in the Nixon administration as the Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). By 1971, Farmer returned his focus to activism and education.","In addition to his role as a renowned activist, Farmer was an author, a teacher, and a labor organizer. Beyond his leadership of CORE, he also held a position as honorary vice chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, and was a co-founding member of the Fund for an Open Society, which promoted thriving racially and ethnically integrated communities. In 1985, he began teaching the history of Civil Rights as Commonwealth Professor of History and American Studies at Mary Washingon College. HE received the title of Distiguished Professor in 1987, which he held until his retirement in 1998. MWC awarded Farmer an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 1997. In 1998, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton. ","Ill health troubled James Farmer for many of his later years. He would eventually lose both of his legs and his eyesight to diabetes, and passsed away from complications of the disease on July 9, 1999."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A Guide to the James Leonard, Jr., and Lula Peterson Farmer Papers can be found at the Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00004/cah-00004.html."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digitized access copies of AV materials can be made available for research use in the Special Collections reading room. Special Collections and University Archives is not equipped with the necessary playback devices to use original copies of the AV materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eName of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Name of item or collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers principally document Farmer's career at Mary Washington College (now University of Mary Washington), as well as his various additional political and social activities during that time. The papers were transferred from Farmer's home and office in Spotsylvania County. The papers include correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials, and other items reflective of his activities towards the end of his life, as well as memorials and reflections at the time of his death collected by others.","As the collection primarily documents the professional activities of James Farmer during his time at MWC, the bulk of the collection materials are from the 1990s. In earlier documentation, bulk dates for the collection appeared as 1980-1999. There are a few materials outside of this range, such as folders containing early CORE documents and others with photographs from the mid-1960s. Additionally, there are materials pertaining to events after Farmer's death, such as various items of tribute and information regarding the Farmer bust unveiling on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection are for research and educational use only. Photographs, unpublished manuscripts, and other materials in the collection are protected by copyright. Permission to reproduce must be secured from the individual copyright holder. Users are responsible for determining if permission for re-use is necessary and for obtaining such permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Congress of Racial Equality","Democratic Socialists of America","Fund for an Open Society (Philadelphia, Pa.)","United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare","WCBS-TV (Television station : New York, N.Y.)","Columbia University","KQED-TV (Television station : San Francisco, Calif.)","National Education Association of the United States","National Public Radio (U.S.)","National Association of Community Action Agencies","Black Panther Party","Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers","Lake Forest College","WHYY (Radio station : Philadelphia, Pa.)","Operation PUSH (U.S.)","Rainbow/PUSH Coalition","Syracuse University","NBC Television Network","Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","University of Wisconsin--Whitewater","Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)","Kent State University","Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.)","WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","CBS Television Network"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","Novak, Robert D.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Houser, George M.","Winpisinger, William W.","Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","Gross, Terry","Perot, Ruth T.","McCormick, Robert K., 1911-1985","Jakoubek,  Robert E.","X, Malcolm, 1925-1965","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Heffner, Richard D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":170,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:45.672Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_15_c10_c01_c16"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Mary Washington","value":"University of Mary Washington","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","value":"James L. Farmer, Jr. Papers","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+L.+Farmer%2C+Jr.+Papers\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1965","value":"1965","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1965\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1966","value":"1966","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1967","value":"1967","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1967\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1968","value":"1968","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1969","value":"1969","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1970","value":"1970","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1971","value":"1971","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1972","value":"1972","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1973","value":"1973","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1973\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1974","value":"1974","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1975","value":"1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Farmer, James, 1920-1999","value":"Farmer, James, 1920-1999","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Farmer%2C+James%2C+1920-1999\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","value":"Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Fellowship+of+Reconciliation+%28U.S.%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Houser, George M.","value":"Houser, George M.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Black Panther Party","value":"Black Panther Party","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Black+Panther+Party"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","value":"Bookbinder, Hyman Harry, 1916-2011","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bookbinder%2C+Hyman+Harry%2C+1916-2011"}},{"attributes":{"label":"CBS Television Network","value":"CBS Television Network","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=CBS+Television+Network"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","value":"Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Canadian+Radio+Broadcasting+Commission"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clinton, Bill, 1946-","value":"Clinton, Bill, 1946-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Clinton%2C+Bill%2C+1946-"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Columbia University","value":"Columbia University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Columbia+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Congress of Racial Equality","value":"Congress of Racial Equality","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Congress+of+Racial+Equality"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","value":"Conyers,  John, Jr., 1929-","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Conyers%2C++John%2C+Jr.%2C+1929-"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Democratic Socialists of America","value":"Democratic Socialists of America","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Democratic+Socialists+of+America"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","value":"Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Du+Bois%2C+W.E.B.+%28William+Edward+Burghardt%29%2C+1868-1963"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","value":"Evans, Rowland, 1921-2001","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Evans%2C+Rowland%2C+1921-2001"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- Race relations","value":"United States -- Race relations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Race+relations"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Civil rights.","value":"African Americans -- Civil rights.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Civil+rights.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Housing","value":"African Americans -- Housing","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Housing\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civil rights demonstrations","value":"Civil rights demonstrations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+demonstrations\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","value":"Civil rights movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+movements+--+United+States+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Education, Higher -- Virginia","value":"Education, Higher -- Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Education%2C+Higher+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Freedom Rides, 1961","value":"Freedom Rides, 1961","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Freedom+Rides%2C+1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Presidential Medal of Freedom","value":"Presidential Medal of Freedom","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M."}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Houser%2C+George+M.\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}