{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Defenders+of+State+Sovereignty+and+Individual+Liberties","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Defenders+of+State+Sovereignty+and+Individual+Liberties\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_43","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"David P. Neff Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_43#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Neff, David P.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_43#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_43#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_43","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_43","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_43","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_43","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_43.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/43","title_filing_ssi":"Neff, David P.","title_ssm":["David P. Neff Papers"],"title_tesim":["David P. Neff Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1954-1990, undated","Date acquired: 10/03/2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954-1990, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/03/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43"],"text":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43","David P. Neff Papers","Virginia--Politics and government","Race relations--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--History--20th century","School integration--Virginia--History--20th century","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","School integration--Massive resistance movement","States' rights (American politics)","Segregation--Law and legislation--Virginia","Racism--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into two series: Series I: Defender Activities; and Series II: Neff Research Materials.","Dr. David Pembroke Neff, Ph.D., is a native of Norfolk, Virginia and the grandson of Clarence Amos Neff, a prominent Norfolk architect who was instrumental in developing Norfolk's urban architecture during the first half of the twentieth century.  Dr. Neff has been a professor of History at Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach Campus since 1994 as well as an adjunct professor of History at Old Dominion University in Norfolk and Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia.  Dr. Neff earned a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida in 1984 and two Master of Arts degrees; one in United States History from Old Dominion University in 1992, and another in Liberal Studies, with emphasis in Literature and History from Georgetown University in 1998.  Dr. Neff earned a doctoral degree in 2004 in Higher Education (History Education) from George Mason University.","The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\"","ODU Community Collections","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. Supreme Court","Neff, David P.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David P. Neff Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["David P. Neff Papers"],"collection_ssim":["David P. 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Neff Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], David P. Neff Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3c4cb03560d8c9958e0444862a0f0a86\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. 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Neff Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1954-1990, undated","Date acquired: 10/03/2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954-1990, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/03/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43"],"text":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43","David P. Neff Papers","Virginia--Politics and government","Race relations--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--History--20th century","School integration--Virginia--History--20th century","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","School integration--Massive resistance movement","States' rights (American politics)","Segregation--Law and legislation--Virginia","Racism--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into two series: Series I: Defender Activities; and Series II: Neff Research Materials.","Dr. David Pembroke Neff, Ph.D., is a native of Norfolk, Virginia and the grandson of Clarence Amos Neff, a prominent Norfolk architect who was instrumental in developing Norfolk's urban architecture during the first half of the twentieth century.  Dr. Neff has been a professor of History at Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach Campus since 1994 as well as an adjunct professor of History at Old Dominion University in Norfolk and Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia.  Dr. Neff earned a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida in 1984 and two Master of Arts degrees; one in United States History from Old Dominion University in 1992, and another in Liberal Studies, with emphasis in Literature and History from Georgetown University in 1998.  Dr. Neff earned a doctoral degree in 2004 in Higher Education (History Education) from George Mason University.","The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\"","ODU Community Collections","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. Supreme Court","Neff, David P.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 101","/repositories/5/resources/43"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David P. Neff Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["David P. Neff Papers"],"collection_ssim":["David P. 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Accession #A2008-23"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Race relations--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--History--20th century","School integration--Virginia--History--20th century","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","School integration--Massive resistance movement","States' rights (American politics)","Segregation--Law and legislation--Virginia","Racism--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Race relations--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Virginia--History--20th century","School integration--Virginia--History--20th century","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","School integration--Massive resistance movement","States' rights (American politics)","Segregation--Law and legislation--Virginia","Racism--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.80 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.80 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series: Series I: Defender Activities; and Series II: Neff Research Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series: Series I: Defender Activities; and Series II: Neff Research Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. David Pembroke Neff, Ph.D., is a native of Norfolk, Virginia and the grandson of Clarence Amos Neff, a prominent Norfolk architect who was instrumental in developing Norfolk's urban architecture during the first half of the twentieth century.  Dr. Neff has been a professor of History at Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach Campus since 1994 as well as an adjunct professor of History at Old Dominion University in Norfolk and Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia.  Dr. Neff earned a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida in 1984 and two Master of Arts degrees; one in United States History from Old Dominion University in 1992, and another in Liberal Studies, with emphasis in Literature and History from Georgetown University in 1998.  Dr. Neff earned a doctoral degree in 2004 in Higher Education (History Education) from George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. David Pembroke Neff, Ph.D., is a native of Norfolk, Virginia and the grandson of Clarence Amos Neff, a prominent Norfolk architect who was instrumental in developing Norfolk's urban architecture during the first half of the twentieth century.  Dr. Neff has been a professor of History at Tidewater Community College, Virginia Beach Campus since 1994 as well as an adjunct professor of History at Old Dominion University in Norfolk and Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia.  Dr. Neff earned a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida in 1984 and two Master of Arts degrees; one in United States History from Old Dominion University in 1992, and another in Liberal Studies, with emphasis in Literature and History from Georgetown University in 1998.  Dr. Neff earned a doctoral degree in 2004 in Higher Education (History Education) from George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], David P. Neff Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], David P. Neff Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\" Included in the collection are copies of newspaper articles, group literature, group achievements, organizational charts, correspondence, information on the group's activities, organizational newsletters along with bound copies of newspaper articles from severeal newspapers. The series also contains personal correspondence generated by Neff during his research."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3c4cb03560d8c9958e0444862a0f0a86\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains documents used by Dr. Neff during the development of his master's thesis, \"The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, 1954-1967.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. Supreme Court"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. Supreme Court","Neff, David P."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","United States. Supreme Court"],"persname_ssim":["Neff, David P."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:49:30.225Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_43"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W. B. Gilmer Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c/strong\u003e This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4105.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gilmer, W. B., Papers ","title_ssm":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"title_tesim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.059"],"text":["Ms.2023.059","W. B. Gilmer Papers","Louisa County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education","The collection is open for research.","This collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order.","The W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.","W. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.","External sources: ","U. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950","\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer , accessed on June 15, 2023. ","\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from  The Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser , Dec. 29, 1916,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\",  The Daily Progress  (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961 , accessed March 6, 2024.","The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. ","External sources: ","\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia,  https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/ , accessed on June 15, 2023.","The guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024.","See also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:","W.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,  Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.  Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","Loudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),  Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA","David P. Neff Papers, MG 101,  Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties.","The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the  Central Virginian  (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.","In addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.","Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.059"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"collection_ssim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in August 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 15, 2023. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser\u003c/title\u003e, Dec. 29, 1916, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\", \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Daily Progress\u003c/title\u003e (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961\"\u003ehttps://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 15, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Administrative History "],"bioghist_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.","W. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.","External sources: ","U. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950","\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer , accessed on June 15, 2023. ","\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from  The Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser , Dec. 29, 1916,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\",  The Daily Progress  (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961 , accessed March 6, 2024.","The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. ","External sources: ","\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia,  https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/ , accessed on June 15, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. B. Gilmer Papers, 1954-1962, Ms2023-059, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. B. Gilmer Papers, 1954-1962, Ms2023-059, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/repositories/3/resources/960\"\u003eW.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,\u003c/a\u003e Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00569.xml\"\u003eDefenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.\u003c/a\u003e Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=tbl/viletbl00059.xml\"\u003eLoudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),\u003c/a\u003e Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_43.xml\"\u003eDavid P. Neff Papers, MG 101,\u003c/a\u003e Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:","W.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,  Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.  Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","Loudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),  Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA","David P. Neff Papers, MG 101,  Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCentral Virginian\u003c/title\u003e (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the  Central Virginian  (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.","In addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.","Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70a8a16d74548e2af45eee8252179931\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties"],"persname_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:45:13.696Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4105.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gilmer, W. B., Papers ","title_ssm":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"title_tesim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.059"],"text":["Ms.2023.059","W. B. Gilmer Papers","Louisa County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education","The collection is open for research.","This collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order.","The W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.","W. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.","External sources: ","U. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950","\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer , accessed on June 15, 2023. ","\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from  The Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser , Dec. 29, 1916,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\",  The Daily Progress  (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961 , accessed March 6, 2024.","The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. ","External sources: ","\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia,  https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/ , accessed on June 15, 2023.","The guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024.","See also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:","W.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,  Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.  Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","Loudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),  Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA","David P. Neff Papers, MG 101,  Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties.","The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the  Central Virginian  (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.","In addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.","Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.059"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"collection_ssim":["W. B. Gilmer Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in August 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Educational equalization","Discrimination in education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is in original order with original folder titles in quotes. It is primarily in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 15, 2023. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser\u003c/title\u003e, Dec. 29, 1916, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\", \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Daily Progress\u003c/title\u003e (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961\"\u003ehttps://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 6, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 15, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Administrative History "],"bioghist_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer of this collection lived at \"Woodbourne\" in Louisa, Virginia, and worked for the Gilmer Manufacturing Corporation in Louisa in the 1950s. Gilmer was one of the founding members of the Louisa Chapter of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a political organization that fought integration in Virginia's public schools. Gilmer may have been secretary or another officer in the chapter. He left the group in 1959 or 1960, as he felt there was too much talk and not enough action, like boycotting businesses.","W. B. Gilmer is probably Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr. (1891-1964). He was born to William B. Gilmer, Jr., and Emma Haardt on August 17, 1891, in Montgomery, Alabama. He worked as a chemist and consulting chemical engineer in Georgia and Virginia and for the Tata Oil Mils Company, Ltd., in Ernakulam, India, as manager of their oil mill and butter plant. Gilmer  married Minnie Ruth Monroe (1891-1980) on December 22, 1916, in Savannah, Georgia, and they had several children: Weir Burton, Jr., Ruth, John R., and Margaret Lynn. According to the obituary for Lynn Gilmer Guilford, she was born in the family home, \"Woodbourne\". Gilmer died on February 20, 1964 in Richmond and is buried in Hillcrest Cemetery in Louisa, Virginia.","External sources: ","U. S. Federal Censuses, 1930-1950","\"Weir Burton Gilmer, Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29936086/weir-burton-gilmer , accessed on June 15, 2023. ","\"Weir Gilmer\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2036699:9278 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/572070:1174 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Mr. Weir Burton Gilmer\" in the U.S., Newspapers.com™ Marriage Index, 1800s-current, Ancestry.com, from  The Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser , Dec. 29, 1916,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/112745487:62116 , accessed March 6, 2024.","\"Guilford Lynn Obituary\",  The Daily Progress  (Charlottesville, Va.), August 3, 2014,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/dailyprogress/name/guilford-lynn-obituary?id=10449961 , accessed March 6, 2024.","The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties was a political organization created in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1954 to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The group formed folllowing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), which established racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. The organization pushed for the closing of Virginia schools to avoid integration within the state's schools. The group promoted several \"Massive Resistance\" laws, and in 1956, the Virginia General Assembly passed laws to close schools forced to integrate and to deny funding to schools forced to open under integration, both of which were knocked down by courts in 1959. At this time, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties started to decline in popularity, and it dissolved in 1967. ","External sources: ","\"Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties\", Encyclopedia Virginia,  https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/defenders-of-state-sovereignty-and-individual-liberties/ , accessed on June 15, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. B. Gilmer Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. B. Gilmer Papers, 1954-1962, Ms2023-059, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. B. Gilmer Papers, 1954-1962, Ms2023-059, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Gilmer Papers was completed in June 2023. Additional processing and description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/repositories/3/resources/960\"\u003eW.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,\u003c/a\u003e Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00569.xml\"\u003eDefenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.\u003c/a\u003e Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=tbl/viletbl00059.xml\"\u003eLoudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),\u003c/a\u003e Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_43.xml\"\u003eDavid P. Neff Papers, MG 101,\u003c/a\u003e Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the following related collections at other institutions in Virginia:","W.B. Glimer account book,  MSS-16465,  Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties. Records, 1956-1963. Accession 39469.  Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","Loudoun Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties Records (SC 0025),  Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA","David P. Neff Papers, MG 101,  Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries. This contains materials about the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCentral Virginian\u003c/title\u003e (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties in Virginia from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools, and Gilmer was a founding member and officer of the Louisa, Virginia, chapter. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, copies of organizational documents, and newspaper clippings, primarily from the  Central Virginian  (Louisa, Va.) It also contains newsletters and memos from the group's headquarters in Richmond and similar organizations, draft documents from the Louisa chapter, and speeches by members of the U.S. Congress - such as Strom Thurmond and Harry Byrd - in copies of the Congressional Record.","In addition to the opposition of integration, the collection discusses white supremacist perspectives on related topics, such as Civil Rights, \"states' rights,\" immigration, communism, the NAACP, and interracial relationships.","Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70a8a16d74548e2af45eee8252179931\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The W. B. Gilmer Papers document the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties from 1954-1962. The organization was formed to prevent integration in Virginia's public schools. The collection includes broadsides, circulars, letters, certificate of incorporation, newsletters and memos, and newspaper clippings. \n\n Please note:  This collection contains racist ideology and language that may be upsetting to researchers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties"],"persname_ssim":["Gilmer, W. B. (Louisa, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:45:13.696Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4105"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Defenders+of+State+Sovereignty+and+Individual+Liberties\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Defenders+of+State+Sovereignty+and+Individual+Liberties\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Defenders+of+State+Sovereignty+and+Individual+Liberties"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"David P. 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