{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=American+Colonization+Society\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=American+Colonization+Society\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1598#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026amp; bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1598#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1598.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192535","title_filing_ssi":"Lloyd, Charles H. to Samuel Breese Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["August 15, 1851"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["August 15, 1851"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"text":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851","MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa","The collection is open for research use.","The letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia.","During the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia.","The letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York.","\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.","More information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1","This collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026 bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd.","The American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia.","In the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"","During the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population.","More information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"collection_ssim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Michael Brown Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 January 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1851],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026amp;ab_segments=\u0026amp;origin=\u0026amp;initiator=\u0026amp;acceptTC=1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia.","During the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia.","The letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York.","\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.","More information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16813, Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16813, Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026amp; bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026amp;ab_segments=\u0026amp;origin=\u0026amp;initiator=\u0026amp;acceptTC=1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026 bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd.","The American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia.","In the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"","During the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population.","More information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1598","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1598.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192535","title_filing_ssi":"Lloyd, Charles H. to Samuel Breese Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["August 15, 1851"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["August 15, 1851"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"text":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851","MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa","The collection is open for research use.","The letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia.","During the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia.","The letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York.","\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.","More information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1","This collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026 bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd.","The American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia.","In the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"","During the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population.","More information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"collection_ssim":["Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, 1851"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16813","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1598"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Michael Brown Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 January 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1851],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026amp;ab_segments=\u0026amp;origin=\u0026amp;initiator=\u0026amp;acceptTC=1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The letter mentions the Reverend Rufus W. Bailey, the employer of Charles Lloyd and an agent of the American Colonization Society from 1847 to 1853 in the western part of Virginia. Bailey and the actions of the ACS were part of a plan to remove Black people from American society and send them to Liberia.","During the six years that Bailey served as an agent, starting in 1847, about 920 colonists, primarily free Blacks from Bailey's home region in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, left the state for Liberia, compared to a total of approximately 1,807 in the twenty years following the society's founding in 1817. The annual average from Virginia increased from approximately 95 to 153 persons. Bailey used coercive techniques and pressure to manipulate free and enslaved Black people to emigrate to Liberia. His goal was to create a completely white society and he did more for the American Colonization Society to reach this objective than any other single individual in Virginia.","The letter from Charles Lloyd mentions that Bailey was assembling 150 passengers to sail on the Morgan Dix to Liberia on November 1, 1851. Approximately 37 of those who had joined the Liberia Wagon and shipped out on the Morgan Dix were soon dead from one of the worst voyages in the history of the ACS. Others died from conditions once they were in Liberia. Emigrant mortality doomed Bailey's plans for future voyages. Bailey could not pay his bills or earn a living and retired from the agency in 1853. This is further proven by Lloyd mentioning that Bailey could not pay him back the money that Lloyd desperately needed to return to New York.","\"Bailey's objective to eventually remove all free Blacks from Virginia received full ACS support. The national office was kept fully informed of his effort to dislodge potential free Black emigrants by applying the arm of the law.\" It is not known what Lloyd's attitudes were towards Bailey or the ACS, but he was not happy in Virginia and needed to return to New York to find better work. He claimed he was not good at writing or bookkeeping. After Bailey retired, the number of emigrants to Liberia substantially decreased. This letter and the mention of Mr. Bailey provokes a deeper dive into his work at the ACS and more importantly, to learn more about the lives of the Black people that Bailey and others persuaded and coerced to immigrate to Liberia.","More information including names and life details of Black emigrants to Liberia can be found in Eslinger's article \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\"","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16813, Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16813, Charles H. Lloyd to Samuel Breese Letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026amp; bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026amp;ab_segments=\u0026amp;origin=\u0026amp;initiator=\u0026amp;acceptTC=1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features a single letter written by Charles H. Lloyd, addressed to his uncle, Samuel Breese of Oneida, New York. Lloyd writes from Harrisonburg, Virginia, asking his uncle for funds to return to New York as he cannot find other employment. He writes, \" I am situated so that I cannot move at all. I have tried to get a situation here in place... but unsuccessfully and all because I am not a good writer \u0026 bookkeeper. I feel very anxious indeed to get back to New York but Mr. Bailey has no money to pay my expenses back and can not let me have it for 6 or 8 weeks.\" Rufus W. Bailey, a Virginia American Colonization Society Agent, employed Lloyd.","The American Colonization Society, also known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the migration of freeborn Black people and emancipated enslaved people to the continent of Africa, specifically Liberia.","In the letter, Lloyd writes that Bailey can not cover his cost to return because  \"He [Bailey] is about to send a Ship of Emigrants to Liberia and is getting them down the Vally [sic] as fast as possible, but they will not be ready to sail before October 1. He then expects to have $1,000 at last and more if he sends over 100 emigrants. He is obliged to pay all their expenses until they go and told me yesterday he could not possibly let me have a dollar until his ship has sailed.\"","During the Liberian emigrant voyage discussed in this letter, which sailed November 1, 1851, on the Morgan Dix, approximately thirty-seven of the 149 passengers died on board the ship or during the acclimation period in Africa, which basically ended Bailey's career and objective of emigrating Black people to Liberia. He believed his strategies  could cleanse Virginia of its entire free Black population.","More information including names of Black people who were sent to Liberia, can be found in Eslinger's article, \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey\" which is cited below.","Source:\nEslinger, Ellen. \"The Brief Career of Rufus W. Bailey, American Colonization Society Agent in Virginia.\" The Journal of Southern History , Feb., 2005, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 39-\n74 Published by: Southern Historical Association. JSTOR website. accessed 10/19/23\nStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27648651\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27648651.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A61b32134896141b6912857d1c70ddf63\u0026ab_segments=\u0026origin=\u0026initiator=\u0026acceptTC=1"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Colonization Society","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1598"}},{"id":"viu_viu00983","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00983#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly correspondence between General John Mason, one time Superintendent of the Indian Department and his son, James Murray Mason(1798-1871), the U.S. Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial affairs. Six of the letters are from John Mason's friend, Richard Rush(1780-1859), in London, England, as minister to Great Britain, discussing political affairs in Londonand the United States, including frequent mention of the American Colonization Society, the African Institution, William Wilberforce, and Sir Charles McCarthy. One letter, dated March 13, 1813, is from Ely Magruderin Barbados, West Indies, to James Madison, answering charges that he acted as a secret agent of the United Statesgovernment and commenting on wartime conditions there. Another from Senator John Taylor of Caroline, 1803, requests information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three 1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by John Jordan Crittenden. There is also a facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00983#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_viu00983","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00983","_root_":"viu_viu00983","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00983","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00983.xml","title_ssm":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"title_tesim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"text":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847","5036","26 items","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","The Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly\n         correspondence between General \n         John Mason, one time Superintendent of\n         the Indian Department and his son, \n         James Murray Mason(1798-1871), the U.S.\n         Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial\n         affairs. Six of the letters are from \n         John Mason's friend, \n         Richard Rush(1780-1859), in \n         London, England, as minister to \n         Great Britain, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         Londonand the \n         United States, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         American Colonization Society, the \n         African Institution, \n         William Wilberforce, and Sir \n         Charles McCarthy. One letter, dated March\n         13, 1813, is from \n         Ely Magruderin \n         Barbados, West Indies, to \n         James Madison, answering charges that he\n         acted as a secret agent of the \n         United Statesgovernment and commenting on\n         wartime conditions there. Another from Senator \n         John Taylor of Caroline, 1803, requests\n         information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three\n         1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by \n         John Jordan Crittenden. There is also a\n         facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution","John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"collection_ssim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["5036"],"unitid_tesim":["5036"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution"],"creators_ssim":["John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the Library from Mrs.\n            Laura Lee Dorsey of Charlottesville, Virginia, on May 7,\n            1955."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["26 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn and James Murray Mason\n            Papers, Accession 5036, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["John and James Murray Mason\n            Papers, Accession 5036, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly\n         correspondence between General \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Mason\u003c/persname\u003e, one time Superintendent of\n         the Indian Department and his son, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Murray Mason\u003c/persname\u003e(1798-1871), the U.S.\n         Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial\n         affairs. Six of the letters are from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Mason\u003c/persname\u003e's friend, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRichard Rush\u003c/persname\u003e(1780-1859), in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLondon, England\u003c/geogname\u003e, as minister to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGreat Britain\u003c/geogname\u003e, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLondon\u003c/geogname\u003eand the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003e, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAmerican Colonization Society\u003c/corpname\u003e, the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAfrican Institution\u003c/corpname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Wilberforce\u003c/persname\u003e, and Sir \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles McCarthy\u003c/persname\u003e. One letter, dated March\n         13, 1813, is from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEly Magruder\u003c/persname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados, West Indies\u003c/geogname\u003e, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Madison\u003c/persname\u003e, answering charges that he\n         acted as a secret agent of the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003egovernment and commenting on\n         wartime conditions there. Another from Senator \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Taylor of Caroline\u003c/persname\u003e, 1803, requests\n         information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three\n         1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden\u003c/persname\u003e. There is also a\n         facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly\n         correspondence between General \n         John Mason, one time Superintendent of\n         the Indian Department and his son, \n         James Murray Mason(1798-1871), the U.S.\n         Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial\n         affairs. Six of the letters are from \n         John Mason's friend, \n         Richard Rush(1780-1859), in \n         London, England, as minister to \n         Great Britain, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         Londonand the \n         United States, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         American Colonization Society, the \n         African Institution, \n         William Wilberforce, and Sir \n         Charles McCarthy. One letter, dated March\n         13, 1813, is from \n         Ely Magruderin \n         Barbados, West Indies, to \n         James Madison, answering charges that he\n         acted as a secret agent of the \n         United Statesgovernment and commenting on\n         wartime conditions there. Another from Senator \n         John Taylor of Caroline, 1803, requests\n         information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three\n         1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by \n         John Jordan Crittenden. There is also a\n         facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution"],"persname_ssim":["John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution","John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:33:41.315Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00983","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00983","_root_":"viu_viu00983","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00983","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00983.xml","title_ssm":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"title_tesim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"text":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847","5036","26 items","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","The Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly\n         correspondence between General \n         John Mason, one time Superintendent of\n         the Indian Department and his son, \n         James Murray Mason(1798-1871), the U.S.\n         Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial\n         affairs. Six of the letters are from \n         John Mason's friend, \n         Richard Rush(1780-1859), in \n         London, England, as minister to \n         Great Britain, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         Londonand the \n         United States, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         American Colonization Society, the \n         African Institution, \n         William Wilberforce, and Sir \n         Charles McCarthy. One letter, dated March\n         13, 1813, is from \n         Ely Magruderin \n         Barbados, West Indies, to \n         James Madison, answering charges that he\n         acted as a secret agent of the \n         United Statesgovernment and commenting on\n         wartime conditions there. Another from Senator \n         John Taylor of Caroline, 1803, requests\n         information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three\n         1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by \n         John Jordan Crittenden. There is also a\n         facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","American Colonization Society","African Institution","John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"collection_ssim":["John and James Murray Mason Papers \n         1798-1847"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["5036"],"unitid_tesim":["5036"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["John Mason","James Murray Mason","Richard Rush","William Wilberforce","Charles McCarthy","Ely Magruder","James Madison","John Taylor of Caroline","John Jordan Crittenden"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. 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Six of the letters are from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Mason\u003c/persname\u003e's friend, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRichard Rush\u003c/persname\u003e(1780-1859), in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLondon, England\u003c/geogname\u003e, as minister to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGreat Britain\u003c/geogname\u003e, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLondon\u003c/geogname\u003eand the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003e, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAmerican Colonization Society\u003c/corpname\u003e, the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAfrican Institution\u003c/corpname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Wilberforce\u003c/persname\u003e, and Sir \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles McCarthy\u003c/persname\u003e. One letter, dated March\n         13, 1813, is from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEly Magruder\u003c/persname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBarbados, West Indies\u003c/geogname\u003e, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Madison\u003c/persname\u003e, answering charges that he\n         acted as a secret agent of the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003egovernment and commenting on\n         wartime conditions there. Another from Senator \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Taylor of Caroline\u003c/persname\u003e, 1803, requests\n         information on a Virginia-Maryland boundary dispute; and three\n         1847 letters discuss the collection of a debt by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden\u003c/persname\u003e. There is also a\n         facsimile of the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Mason papers consist of 26 items, 1798-1847, chiefly\n         correspondence between General \n         John Mason, one time Superintendent of\n         the Indian Department and his son, \n         James Murray Mason(1798-1871), the U.S.\n         Senator and Confederate diplomat, on personal and financial\n         affairs. Six of the letters are from \n         John Mason's friend, \n         Richard Rush(1780-1859), in \n         London, England, as minister to \n         Great Britain, discussing political\n         affairs in \n         Londonand the \n         United States, including frequent mention\n         of the \n         American Colonization Society, the \n         African Institution, \n         William Wilberforce, and Sir \n         Charles McCarthy. 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