{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=1\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=3\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=7278\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":7278,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":72774,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01"],"id":"viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00295","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00295","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00295_c01","parent_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00295_c01","parent_ssim":["viletbl_viletbl00295","viletbl_viletbl00295_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viletbl_viletbl00295","viletbl_viletbl00295_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records","Item"],"text":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records","Item","1"],"title_filing_ssi":"1\n\t","title_ssm":["1\n\t"],"title_tesim":["1\n\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"collection_ssim":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:28:43.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00295","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00295","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00295","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00295","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00295.xml","title_ssm":[" Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records \n"],"title_tesim":[" Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records \n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 0127\n"],"text":["M 0127\n","Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records",".","The Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club developed as an arm of the United States Department of Agriculture Extension Services [USDA]. Funded and overseen by a partnership of federal, state, and local governments, Extension Services were first established as a nationwide system in 1914 by the Smith-Lever Act. The Extension Services were designed to aid farmers by providing educational classes in homemaking to white farm women. The program quickly took off and by 1915, 335 home economics schools were held for 21,000 farm women all over the country. In 1936, a group of Extension homemakers met with the USDA in order to form the National Extension Homemakers Council to further promote educational efforts. Extension Homemakers clubs were segregated, leading many black communities to form their own clubs, such as the Housekeeper's Club formed in Aldie, Virgina in 1914. ","Loudoun County home demonstrations were first organized by Grace Heyl (1901-1991), the county's Home Demonstration Agent, in 1923. By 1926, ten Extension Homemakers clubs were established in the county. In that same year, representatives of the existing Extension Clubs, a county agent, and a district representative all came together in order to create a Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Council. The council was composed of ten members and grew as the number of clubs in the county grew. By 1975 there were fifteen clubs and approximately 300 homemakers. ","The Homemakers Club served as a place where women came together to learn sewing, quilting, cooking, housekeeping techniques, and various other homemaking skills; later the Club evolved. It became a source of discussion of gender roles, volunteer work, and of leadership among women. In 1994, every Loudoun County Extension Homemaker Club member was invited to attend a meeting to discuss the future of the club and voted to disband.\n","This collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.","The earliest records of the club's activities are in the form of minutes beginning in 1926 and ending in 1947. The minutes preserved by the Club are photocopies; the whereabouts of the original minutes are unknown. Minutes are arranged which each new year beginning in December and concluding in November. After 1985, only scattered minutes are available.  Scrapbooks dating between 1961 and 1994 are included in this collection, and include photographs and ephemera as well as \"Achievement Day\" materials and yearbooks. \"Achievement Day\" was an annual event where club members celebrated their accomplishments and activities from the previous year. Loose items were removed from each scrapbook and foldered for better preservation of the materials. ","A few abbreviations are used over the course of this collection. Loudoun County is abbreviated to \"LoCo\" and Extension Homemakers is has been abbreviated to \"E.H.\" This is an open collection and additional material may be received.\n","This collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.   \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["M 0127\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records"],"collection_ssim":["Loudoun County Extension Homemaker's Club Records"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Carolyn Grubb, Purcellville VA and Dorothy Martel, Middleburg, VA \n"],"creator_ssim":["Carolyn Grubb, Purcellville VA and Dorothy Martel, Middleburg, VA \n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Carolyn Grubb, Purcellville VA and Dorothy Martel, Middleburg, VA\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["2.5 cubic ft."],"extent_tesim":["2.5 cubic ft."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club developed as an arm of the United States Department of Agriculture Extension Services [USDA]. Funded and overseen by a partnership of federal, state, and local governments, Extension Services were first established as a nationwide system in 1914 by the Smith-Lever Act. The Extension Services were designed to aid farmers by providing educational classes in homemaking to white farm women. The program quickly took off and by 1915, 335 home economics schools were held for 21,000 farm women all over the country. In 1936, a group of Extension homemakers met with the USDA in order to form the National Extension Homemakers Council to further promote educational efforts. Extension Homemakers clubs were segregated, leading many black communities to form their own clubs, such as the Housekeeper's Club formed in Aldie, Virgina in 1914. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoudoun County home demonstrations were first organized by Grace Heyl (1901-1991), the county's Home Demonstration Agent, in 1923. By 1926, ten Extension Homemakers clubs were established in the county. In that same year, representatives of the existing Extension Clubs, a county agent, and a district representative all came together in order to create a Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Council. The council was composed of ten members and grew as the number of clubs in the county grew. By 1975 there were fifteen clubs and approximately 300 homemakers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Homemakers Club served as a place where women came together to learn sewing, quilting, cooking, housekeeping techniques, and various other homemaking skills; later the Club evolved. It became a source of discussion of gender roles, volunteer work, and of leadership among women. In 1994, every Loudoun County Extension Homemaker Club member was invited to attend a meeting to discuss the future of the club and voted to disband.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club developed as an arm of the United States Department of Agriculture Extension Services [USDA]. Funded and overseen by a partnership of federal, state, and local governments, Extension Services were first established as a nationwide system in 1914 by the Smith-Lever Act. The Extension Services were designed to aid farmers by providing educational classes in homemaking to white farm women. The program quickly took off and by 1915, 335 home economics schools were held for 21,000 farm women all over the country. In 1936, a group of Extension homemakers met with the USDA in order to form the National Extension Homemakers Council to further promote educational efforts. Extension Homemakers clubs were segregated, leading many black communities to form their own clubs, such as the Housekeeper's Club formed in Aldie, Virgina in 1914. ","Loudoun County home demonstrations were first organized by Grace Heyl (1901-1991), the county's Home Demonstration Agent, in 1923. By 1926, ten Extension Homemakers clubs were established in the county. In that same year, representatives of the existing Extension Clubs, a county agent, and a district representative all came together in order to create a Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Council. The council was composed of ten members and grew as the number of clubs in the county grew. By 1975 there were fifteen clubs and approximately 300 homemakers. ","The Homemakers Club served as a place where women came together to learn sewing, quilting, cooking, housekeeping techniques, and various other homemaking skills; later the Club evolved. It became a source of discussion of gender roles, volunteer work, and of leadership among women. In 1994, every Loudoun County Extension Homemaker Club member was invited to attend a meeting to discuss the future of the club and voted to disband.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe earliest records of the club's activities are in the form of minutes beginning in 1926 and ending in 1947. The minutes preserved by the Club are photocopies; the whereabouts of the original minutes are unknown. Minutes are arranged which each new year beginning in December and concluding in November. After 1985, only scattered minutes are available.  Scrapbooks dating between 1961 and 1994 are included in this collection, and include photographs and ephemera as well as \"Achievement Day\" materials and yearbooks. \"Achievement Day\" was an annual event where club members celebrated their accomplishments and activities from the previous year. Loose items were removed from each scrapbook and foldered for better preservation of the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few abbreviations are used over the course of this collection. Loudoun County is abbreviated to \"LoCo\" and Extension Homemakers is has been abbreviated to \"E.H.\" This is an open collection and additional material may be received.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.","The earliest records of the club's activities are in the form of minutes beginning in 1926 and ending in 1947. The minutes preserved by the Club are photocopies; the whereabouts of the original minutes are unknown. Minutes are arranged which each new year beginning in December and concluding in November. After 1985, only scattered minutes are available.  Scrapbooks dating between 1961 and 1994 are included in this collection, and include photographs and ephemera as well as \"Achievement Day\" materials and yearbooks. \"Achievement Day\" was an annual event where club members celebrated their accomplishments and activities from the previous year. Loose items were removed from each scrapbook and foldered for better preservation of the materials. ","A few abbreviations are used over the course of this collection. Loudoun County is abbreviated to \"LoCo\" and Extension Homemakers is has been abbreviated to \"E.H.\" This is an open collection and additional material may be received.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.   \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Loudoun County Extension Homemakers Club. It includes minutes, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, newsletters, correspondence, agendas, event pamphlets, recipes, attendance, speeches, information on club activities, as well as information on the history of the club.   \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:28:43.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00295_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eProposal for an addition to Swem Library made by Perry, Dean, Rogers and Partners, the firm chosen for the project, 1984. This accession also contains materials from the Preplanning Study prepared by Hardwiske, Ekstrom, and Associates in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records","Series 10: Library Construction (Acc. 1980.133, Acc. 1984.061, Acc. 1984.062, Acc. 2007.08(a) Acc. 2008.104(a), Acc. 2012.152)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records","Series 10: Library Construction (Acc. 1980.133, Acc. 1984.061, Acc. 1984.062, Acc. 2007.08(a) Acc. 2008.104(a), Acc. 2012.152)"],"text":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records","Series 10: Library Construction (Acc. 1980.133, Acc. 1984.061, Acc. 1984.062, Acc. 2007.08(a) Acc. 2008.104(a), Acc. 2012.152)","10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted","Proposal for an addition to Swem Library made by Perry, Dean, Rogers and Partners, the firm chosen for the project, 1984. This accession also contains materials from the Preplanning Study prepared by Hardwiske, Ekstrom, and Associates in 1983."],"title_filing_ssi":"10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted","title_ssm":["10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted"],"title_tesim":["10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1983-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1983/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["10.3 Acc. 1984.062: Architect's Proposal - Accepted"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":238,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"date_range_isim":[1983,1984],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProposal for an addition to Swem Library made by Perry, Dean, Rogers and Partners, the firm chosen for the project, 1984. This accession also contains materials from the Preplanning Study prepared by Hardwiske, Ekstrom, and Associates in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Proposal for an addition to Swem Library made by Perry, Dean, Rogers and Partners, the firm chosen for the project, 1984. This accession also contains materials from the Preplanning Study prepared by Hardwiske, Ekstrom, and Associates in 1983."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:27:31.338Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9252","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9252.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Earl Gregg Swem Library records","title_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"title_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 32","/repositories/2/resources/9252"],"text":["UA 32","/repositories/2/resources/9252","Earl Gregg Swem Library records","Williamsburg (Va.)--Library","Buildings and Grounds--Old Library (1908)","Buildings and Grounds--Swem Library","College of William and Mary--Swem Library--Richard Cornish Fund","Library catalogs","Library employees","Visitors to Campus--Queen Elizabeth II (1957)","Correspondence","Minutes","Photographs","Press releases","Reports","Scrapbooks","Slides (photographs)","Speeches","Transcripts","Acc. 1985.084 is restricted. Portions of Acc. 2008.147 are restricted. Material protected by privacy laws is also restricted. Consult a staff member for assistance. All other portions of the collection are available to researchers.","Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Future accruals expected.","The collection is arranged into 20 series: Series 1: Librarians' General Correspondence; Series 2: Library Administration; Series 3: Library Accounting; Series 4: Acquisitions Department; Series 5: Bibliographic Services; Series 6: Circulation Department; Series 7: Development; Series 8: Reference Department; Series 9: Special Collections; Series 10: Library Construction; Series 11: Exhibits and Special Events; Series 12: Library Materials; Series 13: Self-Study Records; Series 14: Classified Staff Association; Series 15: Library Faculty Association; Series 16: Library Committees and Projects; Series 17: Serials; Series 18: Publications; Series 19: Science Libraries; and Series 20: Accession 2023.111 Memoriam to Carol S. Linton.","Earl Gregg Swem Library is located on Landrum Drive (formerly Old Campus Drive), across new campus from Andrews Hall. The library is named for Earl Gregg Swem, College Librarian from 1920-1944."," Detailed discussions of plans for the library were held in 1963 and the groundbreaking ceremonies were held later that year on October 11, 1963 at Phi Beta Kappa Hall. The actual groundbreaking occurred a few weeks after the ceremonies. The cornerstone of the library was laid on October 22, 1964 and the building was scheduled for completion around December 1965. The building officially opened on January 4, 1966 although it was not fully complete. The official dedication ceremony for the library was held on Charter Day, February 12, 1966. The Tucker-Coleman Room of the library was dedicated on November 11, 1966."," At the time of its completion, the ground floor of Swem Library contained the Botetourt Gallery, an auditorium, the Institute of Early American History and Culture offices, a rare book room, an honors room, a museum, an audio/visual department, a film preview room, and a faculty lounge. The first floor contained a reserve room, an after-hours reading room, a reference department, and typing and meeting rooms. The second floor contained administration rooms, conference rooms, and stacks."," There was a fire in the Botetourt Theater in 1972 that destroyed a projection booth. A Micro Computer Lab opened in the library on February 13, 1984."," Construction officially began on an addition to the front of the library on March 3, 1986 to provide extra stack space, reading areas, administrative offices, and a 24-hour study room and snack area. The addition was dedicated on February 5, 1988. A seven-year renovation was officially completed on February 5, 2005, with rededication ceremonies occuring during Charter Day weekend.","Acc. 1999.20 Library Personnel Files destroyed 9/2007; two cubic feet of non-permanent correspondence was destroyed on 3/12/2008; T1990.11 was destroyed on 2/12/2008; Acc. 1990.3, Acc. 1989.130, and Acc. 1992.25 Library Personnel files are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009; Acc. 1988.114, 1988.88, and Acc. 1980.132 are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009. Acc. 1984.014 was deaccessioned on 7/11/2012 and is set for destruction on 8/8/2012 according to GS 111 101080.","A portion of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for details.","Acc. 2008.147 was accessioned from the backlog on 12/11/2008 by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist. All 2009 accessions were described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast,. Acc. 2010.519 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast, in 9/2010. Acc. 2010.695 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/11/2010. Acc. 2010.708 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/17/2010. Acc. 2011.069 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 2/14/2011. Acc. 2011.598 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 9/22/2011. Acc. 2012.152 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 4/23/2012. Acc. 2012.423 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 12/20/2012.","Facilities Planning, Design and Construction Records (UA 29); University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13); University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8)."," Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011.","This collection includes both processed series and unprocessed accessions of records created by the Earl Gregg Swem Library at the College of William and Mary including those from component offices and individual staff members. A majority of the collection contains correspondence from the dean of the libraries and library administration. Inventories for some series and accessions are available in the Special Collections Research Center and links to PDFs of those inventories can be provided when available.","Acc. 2008.216 was accessioned as part of the backlog in manuscripts and was added to this collection on 6/8/2010."," Acc. 2009.081 was separated from Acc. 1988.114 on 3/17/2009; Acc. 2009.110 was separated from Acc. 1980.132 on 3/23/2009."," The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.312 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 5/21/2010."," The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.336 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 6/16/2010."," Correspondence between Earl Gregg Swem and Howard Chapin were separated from Acc. 1980.115 and were added to the SCRC donor files in July 2010."," The photographs included with Acc. 2010.519 were pulled from this collection and were added to the University Archives Photograph Collection on 9/27/2010."," Acc. 2011.069 was previously part of the College Papers Collection and was integrated into this collection in February 2011."," Two compact discs of images from the Preston Hall fire book recovery and water damage in Swem Library were pulled from Acc. 2011.210 and were added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58) in April 2011."," Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011.","Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Special Collections Research Center","Swem Library","American Library Association","College of William and Mary. Swem Library","Self Study","Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Cook, Margaret C.","Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 32","/repositories/2/resources/9252"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"collection_ssim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Library"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Library"],"creator_ssm":["Swem Library","Cook, Margaret C.","Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D."],"creator_ssim":["Swem Library","Cook, Margaret C.","Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Swem Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cook, Margaret C."],"creators_ssim":["Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D.","Swem Library","Cook, Margaret C."],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1980.010 Public Services Assembly Records, acquired 02/04/1980; Acc. 1980.133 Library Records on Planning, Construction, and Dedication of Swem Library, acquired 12/08/1980; Acc. 1981.015 Librarian's General Correspondence, acquired 02/12/1981; Acc. 1982.035 Swem Library Self-Study, acquired 06/10/1982; Acc. 1983.071 Library Administration Records,  acquired 11/01/1983; Acc. 1987.039 Library Faculty Association Records, acquired 04/23/1987; Acc. 1988.006 Swem Library Re-dedication Records, acquired 02/08/1988; Acc. 1989.126 Library Stacks Reorganization Records, acquired 09/05/1989; Acc. 1998.055 transferred during 1995; Acc. 2007.006 Audiovisuals, acquired 2007; Acc. 2007.008, construction records, transferred 5/25/07 from Kay Domine; Acc. 2007.042, 2004 scrapbook transferred 6/13/2007 from Cynthia Sadler; Acc. 2007.92 transferred 12/21/2007 from Carol McAllister; Acc. 2008.14 transferred 2/5/2008 from Kay Domine; Acc. 2008.147 accessioned from the backlog on 12/11/2008; Acc. 2008.216 accessioned from the backlog on 5/26/2010; Acc. 2009.081 was received on 11/8/1988; Acc. 2009.082-.083, Acc. 2009.085-.087 were received prior to 2007; Acc. 2009.110 was received on 10/16/1987; Acc. 2009.220 was received on 6/1/2009 via Connie McCarthy. Information about acquisitions received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Buildings and Grounds--Old Library (1908)","Buildings and Grounds--Swem Library","College of William and Mary--Swem Library--Richard Cornish Fund","Library catalogs","Library employees","Visitors to Campus--Queen Elizabeth II (1957)","Correspondence","Minutes","Photographs","Press releases","Reports","Scrapbooks","Slides (photographs)","Speeches","Transcripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Buildings and Grounds--Old Library (1908)","Buildings and Grounds--Swem Library","College of William and Mary--Swem Library--Richard Cornish Fund","Library catalogs","Library employees","Visitors to Campus--Queen Elizabeth II (1957)","Correspondence","Minutes","Photographs","Press releases","Reports","Scrapbooks","Slides (photographs)","Speeches","Transcripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["255.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["255.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Minutes","Photographs","Press releases","Reports","Scrapbooks","Slides (photographs)","Speeches","Transcripts"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 1985.084 is restricted. Portions of Acc. 2008.147 are restricted. Material protected by privacy laws is also restricted. Consult a staff member for assistance. All other portions of the collection are available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Acc. 1985.084 is restricted. Portions of Acc. 2008.147 are restricted. Material protected by privacy laws is also restricted. Consult a staff member for assistance. All other portions of the collection are available to researchers.","Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFuture accruals expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Future accruals expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 20 series: Series 1: Librarians' General Correspondence; Series 2: Library Administration; Series 3: Library Accounting; Series 4: Acquisitions Department; Series 5: Bibliographic Services; Series 6: Circulation Department; Series 7: Development; Series 8: Reference Department; Series 9: Special Collections; Series 10: Library Construction; Series 11: Exhibits and Special Events; Series 12: Library Materials; Series 13: Self-Study Records; Series 14: Classified Staff Association; Series 15: Library Faculty Association; Series 16: Library Committees and Projects; Series 17: Serials; Series 18: Publications; Series 19: Science Libraries; and Series 20: Accession 2023.111 Memoriam to Carol S. Linton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 20 series: Series 1: Librarians' General Correspondence; Series 2: Library Administration; Series 3: Library Accounting; Series 4: Acquisitions Department; Series 5: Bibliographic Services; Series 6: Circulation Department; Series 7: Development; Series 8: Reference Department; Series 9: Special Collections; Series 10: Library Construction; Series 11: Exhibits and Special Events; Series 12: Library Materials; Series 13: Self-Study Records; Series 14: Classified Staff Association; Series 15: Library Faculty Association; Series 16: Library Committees and Projects; Series 17: Serials; Series 18: Publications; Series 19: Science Libraries; and Series 20: Accession 2023.111 Memoriam to Carol S. Linton."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarl Gregg Swem Library is located on Landrum Drive (formerly Old Campus Drive), across new campus from Andrews Hall. The library is named for Earl Gregg Swem, College Librarian from 1920-1944.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Detailed discussions of plans for the library were held in 1963 and the groundbreaking ceremonies were held later that year on October 11, 1963 at Phi Beta Kappa Hall. The actual groundbreaking occurred a few weeks after the ceremonies. The cornerstone of the library was laid on October 22, 1964 and the building was scheduled for completion around December 1965. The building officially opened on January 4, 1966 although it was not fully complete. The official dedication ceremony for the library was held on Charter Day, February 12, 1966. The Tucker-Coleman Room of the library was dedicated on November 11, 1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e At the time of its completion, the ground floor of Swem Library contained the Botetourt Gallery, an auditorium, the Institute of Early American History and Culture offices, a rare book room, an honors room, a museum, an audio/visual department, a film preview room, and a faculty lounge. The first floor contained a reserve room, an after-hours reading room, a reference department, and typing and meeting rooms. The second floor contained administration rooms, conference rooms, and stacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e There was a fire in the Botetourt Theater in 1972 that destroyed a projection booth. A Micro Computer Lab opened in the library on February 13, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Construction officially began on an addition to the front of the library on March 3, 1986 to provide extra stack space, reading areas, administrative offices, and a 24-hour study room and snack area. The addition was dedicated on February 5, 1988. A seven-year renovation was officially completed on February 5, 2005, with rededication ceremonies occuring during Charter Day weekend.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library is located on Landrum Drive (formerly Old Campus Drive), across new campus from Andrews Hall. The library is named for Earl Gregg Swem, College Librarian from 1920-1944."," Detailed discussions of plans for the library were held in 1963 and the groundbreaking ceremonies were held later that year on October 11, 1963 at Phi Beta Kappa Hall. The actual groundbreaking occurred a few weeks after the ceremonies. The cornerstone of the library was laid on October 22, 1964 and the building was scheduled for completion around December 1965. The building officially opened on January 4, 1966 although it was not fully complete. The official dedication ceremony for the library was held on Charter Day, February 12, 1966. The Tucker-Coleman Room of the library was dedicated on November 11, 1966."," At the time of its completion, the ground floor of Swem Library contained the Botetourt Gallery, an auditorium, the Institute of Early American History and Culture offices, a rare book room, an honors room, a museum, an audio/visual department, a film preview room, and a faculty lounge. The first floor contained a reserve room, an after-hours reading room, a reference department, and typing and meeting rooms. The second floor contained administration rooms, conference rooms, and stacks."," There was a fire in the Botetourt Theater in 1972 that destroyed a projection booth. A Micro Computer Lab opened in the library on February 13, 1984."," Construction officially began on an addition to the front of the library on March 3, 1986 to provide extra stack space, reading areas, administrative offices, and a 24-hour study room and snack area. The addition was dedicated on February 5, 1988. A seven-year renovation was officially completed on February 5, 2005, with rededication ceremonies occuring during Charter Day weekend."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 1999.20 Library Personnel Files destroyed 9/2007; two cubic feet of non-permanent correspondence was destroyed on 3/12/2008; T1990.11 was destroyed on 2/12/2008; Acc. 1990.3, Acc. 1989.130, and Acc. 1992.25 Library Personnel files are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009; Acc. 1988.114, 1988.88, and Acc. 1980.132 are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009. Acc. 1984.014 was deaccessioned on 7/11/2012 and is set for destruction on 8/8/2012 according to GS 111 101080.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acc. 1999.20 Library Personnel Files destroyed 9/2007; two cubic feet of non-permanent correspondence was destroyed on 3/12/2008; T1990.11 was destroyed on 2/12/2008; Acc. 1990.3, Acc. 1989.130, and Acc. 1992.25 Library Personnel files are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009; Acc. 1988.114, 1988.88, and Acc. 1980.132 are scheduled for destruction on 4/8/2009. Acc. 1984.014 was deaccessioned on 7/11/2012 and is set for destruction on 8/8/2012 according to GS 111 101080."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for details.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["A portion of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for details."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarl Gregg Swem Library records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Earl Gregg Swem Library records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2008.147 was accessioned from the backlog on 12/11/2008 by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist. All 2009 accessions were described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast,. Acc. 2010.519 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast, in 9/2010. Acc. 2010.695 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/11/2010. Acc. 2010.708 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/17/2010. Acc. 2011.069 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 2/14/2011. Acc. 2011.598 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 9/22/2011. Acc. 2012.152 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 4/23/2012. Acc. 2012.423 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 12/20/2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2008.147 was accessioned from the backlog on 12/11/2008 by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist. All 2009 accessions were described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast,. Acc. 2010.519 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specliast, in 9/2010. Acc. 2010.695 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/11/2010. Acc. 2010.708 was accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 11/17/2010. Acc. 2011.069 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 2/14/2011. Acc. 2011.598 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 9/22/2011. Acc. 2012.152 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 4/23/2012. Acc. 2012.423 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, on 12/20/2012."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFacilities Planning, Design and Construction Records (UA 29); University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13); University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Facilities Planning, Design and Construction Records (UA 29); University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13); University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8)."," Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes both processed series and unprocessed accessions of records created by the Earl Gregg Swem Library at the College of William and Mary including those from component offices and individual staff members. A majority of the collection contains correspondence from the dean of the libraries and library administration. Inventories for some series and accessions are available in the Special Collections Research Center and links to PDFs of those inventories can be provided when available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes both processed series and unprocessed accessions of records created by the Earl Gregg Swem Library at the College of William and Mary including those from component offices and individual staff members. A majority of the collection contains correspondence from the dean of the libraries and library administration. Inventories for some series and accessions are available in the Special Collections Research Center and links to PDFs of those inventories can be provided when available."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2008.216 was accessioned as part of the backlog in manuscripts and was added to this collection on 6/8/2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Acc. 2009.081 was separated from Acc. 1988.114 on 3/17/2009; Acc. 2009.110 was separated from Acc. 1980.132 on 3/23/2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.312 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 5/21/2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.336 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 6/16/2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence between Earl Gregg Swem and Howard Chapin were separated from Acc. 1980.115 and were added to the SCRC donor files in July 2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs included with Acc. 2010.519 were pulled from this collection and were added to the University Archives Photograph Collection on 9/27/2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Acc. 2011.069 was previously part of the College Papers Collection and was integrated into this collection in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Two compact discs of images from the Preston Hall fire book recovery and water damage in Swem Library were pulled from Acc. 2011.210 and were added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58) in April 2011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Acc. 2008.216 was accessioned as part of the backlog in manuscripts and was added to this collection on 6/8/2010."," Acc. 2009.081 was separated from Acc. 1988.114 on 3/17/2009; Acc. 2009.110 was separated from Acc. 1980.132 on 3/23/2009."," The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.312 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 5/21/2010."," The audiovisual material included with Acc. 2010.336 was pulled from this collection and was added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection on 6/16/2010."," Correspondence between Earl Gregg Swem and Howard Chapin were separated from Acc. 1980.115 and were added to the SCRC donor files in July 2010."," The photographs included with Acc. 2010.519 were pulled from this collection and were added to the University Archives Photograph Collection on 9/27/2010."," Acc. 2011.069 was previously part of the College Papers Collection and was integrated into this collection in February 2011."," Two compact discs of images from the Preston Hall fire book recovery and water damage in Swem Library were pulled from Acc. 2011.210 and were added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58) in April 2011."," Architectural plans and drawings that were once part of Acc. 2007.008 were separated from this collection and added to the Facilities Management Records (UA 29) in 2011."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Library Association","College of William and Mary. Swem Library","Self Study","Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Swem Library","American Library Association","College of William and Mary. Swem Library","Self Study","Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Cook, Margaret C.","Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Swem Library","American Library Association","College of William and Mary. Swem Library","Self Study","Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"famname_ssim":["Cook, Margaret C."],"persname_ssim":["Currie, Clifford W.","Haskell, John D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":356,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:27:31.338Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9252_c10_c03"}},{"id":"vi_vi00670_c01_c160","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00670_c01_c160#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00670_c01_c160","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00670_c01_c160"],"id":"vi_vi00670_c01_c160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00670","_root_":"vi_vi00670","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00670_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00670_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00670","vi_vi00670_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00670","vi_vi00670_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997","Series I. Legislative Files,  1988-1996 ."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997","Series I. Legislative Files,  1988-1996 ."],"text":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997","Series I. Legislative Files,  1988-1996 .","104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t .","box 20","folder 3-4"],"title_filing_ssi":"104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t .","title_ssm":["104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t ."],"title_tesim":["104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t ."],"normalized_title_ssm":["104th Congress - Activites of Congressional Republicans \n\t ."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":161,"containers_ssim":["box 20","folder 3-4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#159","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:58:38.477Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00670","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00670","_root_":"vi_vi00670","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00670","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00670.xml","title_ssm":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997\n"],"title_tesim":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39303\n"],"text":["39303\n","L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997","30 cubic feet (84 boxes)","This collection is arranged into the following series:","I. Legislative Files.  II. Democratic Study Group Legislative Reports and House Action Reports.  III. Project Files.  IV. Press Files.  V. General Office Files.  VI. Campaign Files.  VII. Special Media. ","Lewis Franklin Payne, Jr. was born in Amherst County, Virginia on 9 July 1945. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1967. Afterwards, he served in the United States Army and Army Reserve. Payne then earned his M.B.A. at the University of Virginia in 1973. He was a developer of Wintergreen Resort in Nelson County, Virginia, serving as chairman and president of Wintergreen Development, Inc. In 1988, L. F. Payne, Jr. was elected to the United States House of Representatives in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Wilbur Clarence (Dan) Daniel, and served from 14 June 1988 to 3 January 1997. He was not a candidate for reelection, having resigned to run for lieutenant governor of Virginia. He lost the election to John Hager. Payne now serves as president of McGuireWoods Consulting, LLC in Washington, D.C.\n","Papers, 1988-1997, of L. F. Payne, Jr. (b. 1945) of Nelson County, Virginia, while he represented Virginia's Fifth District in the United States House of Representatives. Payne was also the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Virginia in 1997. Includes legislative files, Democratic Study Group Legislative Reports and House Action Reports, project files, press files, general office files, campaign files, and special media.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["39303\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997"],"collection_ssim":["L.F. Payne, Jr. Papers, \n 1988-1997"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of L.F. Payne, Jr., Washington, DC.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["30 cubic feet (84 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eI. Legislative Files. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eII. Democratic Study Group Legislative Reports and House Action Reports. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIII. Project Files. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIV. Press Files. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eV. General Office Files. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVI. Campaign Files. \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVII. Special Media. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","I. Legislative Files.  II. Democratic Study Group Legislative Reports and House Action Reports.  III. Project Files.  IV. Press Files.  V. General Office Files.  VI. Campaign Files.  VII. Special Media. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis Franklin Payne, Jr. was born in Amherst County, Virginia on 9 July 1945. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1967. Afterwards, he served in the United States Army and Army Reserve. Payne then earned his M.B.A. at the University of Virginia in 1973. He was a developer of Wintergreen Resort in Nelson County, Virginia, serving as chairman and president of Wintergreen Development, Inc. In 1988, L. F. Payne, Jr. was elected to the United States House of Representatives in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Wilbur Clarence (Dan) Daniel, and served from 14 June 1988 to 3 January 1997. He was not a candidate for reelection, having resigned to run for lieutenant governor of Virginia. He lost the election to John Hager. 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Payne now serves as president of McGuireWoods Consulting, LLC in Washington, D.C.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1988-1997, of L. F. Payne, Jr. (b. 1945) of Nelson County, Virginia, while he represented Virginia's Fifth District in the United States House of Representatives. Payne was also the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Virginia in 1997. Includes legislative files, Democratic Study Group Legislative Reports and House Action Reports, project files, press files, general office files, campaign files, and special media.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1988-1997, of L. F. Payne, Jr. (b. 1945) of Nelson County, Virginia, while he represented Virginia's Fifth District in the United States House of Representatives. Payne was also the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Virginia in 1997. 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Kilpatrick \n                   1980","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_viu02732_c02_c10"],"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n                \n               1980-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n                \n               1980-1997"],"text":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n                \n               1980-1997","10. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1980","Box 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"10. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1980","title_ssm":["10. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1980"],"title_tesim":["10. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["10. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1980"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":18,"containers_ssim":["Box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:33:01.158Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu02732","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu02732.xml","title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["6626-s"],"text":["6626-s","The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997","ca. 450 items (2\n         Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n         feet)","Arranged chronologically by subject.","James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n          Richmond News Leader ,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist.","This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n          The Foxes' Union ;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n          National Geographic Traveler ,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\"","This collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["6626-s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n          1908,\n         1963-1997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the University of Virginia\n            Library by James J. Kilpatrick on June 8, 1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 450 items (2\n         Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n         feet)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/title\u003e,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n          Richmond News Leader ,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Foxes' Union\u003c/title\u003e;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNational Geographic Traveler\u003c/title\u003e,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n          The Foxes' Union ;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n          National Geographic Traveler ,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\""],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:33:01.158Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c10"}},{"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c10","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01993_c12_c10"],"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"text":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA","10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955","Box 301"],"title_filing_ssi":"10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955","title_ssm":["10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955"],"title_tesim":["10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["10. China donkey from Sam Rayburn\n                  Testimonial Dinner \n                   \n                  1955"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2352,"containers_ssim":["Box 301"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:36:33.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01993","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01993.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9973"],"text":["9973","Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956","The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items.","GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         ","The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.","The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["9973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n          \n         1850-1956"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were a gift to the library from Professor\n            Carl McFarland, School of Law, University of Virginia, on\n            14 December 1976. They were originally deposited in the\n            library on 21 June and 26 July 1974."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eState V. Harold Israel\u003c/title\u003ein which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was the author of four books: \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLiberty Under Law and\n         Administration\u003c/title\u003e(1934); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e, with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWe Can Prevent Crime\u003c/title\u003e(1937); and\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Tired Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003eand \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biography of a Department\u003c/title\u003e,\n         correspondence about these books and \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings\u003c/title\u003e, and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2709,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:36:33.499Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eGENERAL BACKGROUND\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eV. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eX. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXII. Memorabilia \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIX. Motion Picture Films \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDESCRIPTION OF SERIES\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eSeries I: Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHomer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAudie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925\u003c/emph\u003e: This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMay Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHelen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955\u003c/emph\u003e: This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eJulia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMarguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIn addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eGeneral Correspondence File\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOf particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMiscellaneous Papers\u003c/emph\u003e. This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eb) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ec) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ed) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Speeches and Articles\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSpeeches, 1886-1950\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSpeeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles, 1918-1945\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. Literary Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDiaries, 1919-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLiterary Papers, 1750-1953\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTwo card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAll but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFrom the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBesides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThere are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMany excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c10"}},{"id":"vi_vi01278_c01_c09","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"10. Corporation Commission, State.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01278_c01_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01278_c01_c09","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01278_c01_c09"],"id":"vi_vi01278_c01_c09","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01278","_root_":"vi_vi01278","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01278_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01278_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01278","vi_vi01278_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01278","vi_vi01278_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999","Series I: Numerical files , \n 1979-1999 ."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999","Series I: Numerical files , \n 1979-1999 ."],"text":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999","Series I: Numerical files , \n 1979-1999 .","10. Corporation Commission, State."],"title_filing_ssi":"10. Corporation Commission, State.\n\t\t","title_ssm":["10. Corporation Commission, State.\n\t\t"],"title_tesim":["10. Corporation Commission, State.\n\t\t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["10. Corporation Commission, State."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":37,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":76,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:10:51.706Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01278","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01278","_root_":"vi_vi01278","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01278","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01278.xml","title_ssm":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999\n"],"title_tesim":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42967\n"],"text":["42967\n","Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999","61 cu. ft. (133 boxes)","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Numerical files, 1979-1999 Series II: Legislation files, 1979-1999 Series III: Dated files, 1979-1999","Clifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum III of Roanoke, Virginia, was born in 1938 in Washington, D.C.  He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention for Virginia in 1972 and served as Virginia Democratic state chair 1972-1976. He was elected to the Virginia State House of Delegates in 1980 and served until his retirement in 2004. His grandfather, Clifton A. Woodrum (1887-1950), served in the U.S. Congress from 1923 to 1945.\n","Papers, 1979-1999, of Clifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum, former member of the Virginia House of Delegates in the 16th House District, encompassing Roanoke and Roanoke County. Included are legislative and project files, campaign files, press clippings and releases, speeches, and special media. ","The papers contain information on specific legislation and topics such as crime, education, judicial selection, medical and health issues, state lottery, rights of women, and taxes. Included are resolutions and material relating to the budget and budget amendments, copies of Virginia House and Senate bills and resolutions, notes, memorandums, correspondence, newsclippings, press releases, reports, and studies. There is correspondence from constituents, colleagues, public interest groups, professional organizations, administration officials, and local government. Also included are internal memos and notes, drafts, reports and studies, and publications.","\nWoodrum was a spokesman for education, rights of women, and for a fairer tax code. He sponsored legislation in 1987 creating the Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Program [H.B. 1216], a fund covering medical bills and other expenses for children who suffer disabling neurological injuries at birth. He also headed the Virginia Freedom of Information Advisory Council and pushed for access to government meetings and documents. He was an outspoken critic of the state's move toward electric utility deregulation. Of note are Woodrum's legislative efforts for Roanoke and the surrounding area, including the Roanoke city charter, education, redevelopment, Roanoke Valley consolidation, Hotel Roanoke, and the Roanoke Regional Woodrum Field Airport.\n","The collection was organized into three series, Numerical files, Legislation files, and Dated files. All three series contain the same type of materials, with Numerical files being the largest series that followed a system created by the office of Woodrum. The archivist attempted to provide descriptive folder titles in an effort to guide the researchers. Many of the folders are arranged by House Bill or House Joint Resolution number and a description of the bill follows the numbers.\n","","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42967\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Clifton A. Woodrum Papers, \n 1979-1999"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Honorable Clifton A. Woodrum III, November 2006.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["61 cu. ft. (133 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Numerical files, 1979-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Legislation files, 1979-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Dated files, 1979-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Numerical files, 1979-1999 Series II: Legislation files, 1979-1999 Series III: Dated files, 1979-1999"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum III of Roanoke, Virginia, was born in 1938 in Washington, D.C.  He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention for Virginia in 1972 and served as Virginia Democratic state chair 1972-1976. He was elected to the Virginia State House of Delegates in 1980 and served until his retirement in 2004. His grandfather, Clifton A. Woodrum (1887-1950), served in the U.S. Congress from 1923 to 1945.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum III of Roanoke, Virginia, was born in 1938 in Washington, D.C.  He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention for Virginia in 1972 and served as Virginia Democratic state chair 1972-1976. He was elected to the Virginia State House of Delegates in 1980 and served until his retirement in 2004. His grandfather, Clifton A. Woodrum (1887-1950), served in the U.S. Congress from 1923 to 1945.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1979-1999, of Clifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum, former member of the Virginia House of Delegates in the 16th House District, encompassing Roanoke and Roanoke County. Included are legislative and project files, campaign files, press clippings and releases, speeches, and special media. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers contain information on specific legislation and topics such as crime, education, judicial selection, medical and health issues, state lottery, rights of women, and taxes. Included are resolutions and material relating to the budget and budget amendments, copies of Virginia House and Senate bills and resolutions, notes, memorandums, correspondence, newsclippings, press releases, reports, and studies. There is correspondence from constituents, colleagues, public interest groups, professional organizations, administration officials, and local government. Also included are internal memos and notes, drafts, reports and studies, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWoodrum was a spokesman for education, rights of women, and for a fairer tax code. He sponsored legislation in 1987 creating the Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Program [H.B. 1216], a fund covering medical bills and other expenses for children who suffer disabling neurological injuries at birth. He also headed the Virginia Freedom of Information Advisory Council and pushed for access to government meetings and documents. He was an outspoken critic of the state's move toward electric utility deregulation. Of note are Woodrum's legislative efforts for Roanoke and the surrounding area, including the Roanoke city charter, education, redevelopment, Roanoke Valley consolidation, Hotel Roanoke, and the Roanoke Regional Woodrum Field Airport.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection was organized into three series, Numerical files, Legislation files, and Dated files. All three series contain the same type of materials, with Numerical files being the largest series that followed a system created by the office of Woodrum. The archivist attempted to provide descriptive folder titles in an effort to guide the researchers. Many of the folders are arranged by House Bill or House Joint Resolution number and a description of the bill follows the numbers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1979-1999, of Clifton 'Chip' A. Woodrum, former member of the Virginia House of Delegates in the 16th House District, encompassing Roanoke and Roanoke County. Included are legislative and project files, campaign files, press clippings and releases, speeches, and special media. ","The papers contain information on specific legislation and topics such as crime, education, judicial selection, medical and health issues, state lottery, rights of women, and taxes. Included are resolutions and material relating to the budget and budget amendments, copies of Virginia House and Senate bills and resolutions, notes, memorandums, correspondence, newsclippings, press releases, reports, and studies. There is correspondence from constituents, colleagues, public interest groups, professional organizations, administration officials, and local government. Also included are internal memos and notes, drafts, reports and studies, and publications.","\nWoodrum was a spokesman for education, rights of women, and for a fairer tax code. He sponsored legislation in 1987 creating the Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Program [H.B. 1216], a fund covering medical bills and other expenses for children who suffer disabling neurological injuries at birth. He also headed the Virginia Freedom of Information Advisory Council and pushed for access to government meetings and documents. He was an outspoken critic of the state's move toward electric utility deregulation. Of note are Woodrum's legislative efforts for Roanoke and the surrounding area, including the Roanoke city charter, education, redevelopment, Roanoke Valley consolidation, Hotel Roanoke, and the Roanoke Regional Woodrum Field Airport.\n","The collection was organized into three series, Numerical files, Legislation files, and Dated files. All three series contain the same type of materials, with Numerical files being the largest series that followed a system created by the office of Woodrum. The archivist attempted to provide descriptive folder titles in an effort to guide the researchers. Many of the folders are arranged by House Bill or House Joint Resolution number and a description of the bill follows the numbers.\n",""],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1582,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:10:51.706Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01278_c01_c09"}},{"id":"viu_viu02470_c01_c10","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"/10 Honor System Study Committee (\"Report\n                  on the Honor System\")","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02470_c01_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu02470_c01_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_viu02470_c01_c10"],"id":"viu_viu02470_c01_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02470","_root_":"viu_viu02470","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02470_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_viu02470_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_viu02470","viu_viu02470_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu02470","viu_viu02470_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Student Organizations at the University of\n         Virginia","/1 Honor Committee"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Student Organizations at the University of\n         Virginia","/1 Honor Committee"],"text":["Student Organizations at the University of\n         Virginia","/1 Honor Committee","/10 Honor System Study Committee (\"Report\n                  on the Honor System\")"],"title_filing_ssi":"/10 Honor System Study Committee (\"Report\n                  on the Honor System\")","title_ssm":["/10 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