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Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 90.6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creators_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".5 cubic feet."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Drawings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Printed Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 9. Reference/Research Cards \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 10. Scrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 11 Oversize Drawings\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDelos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings."],"names_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c03_c01"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"School\n                  Affairs.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains black and white 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints of African American students participating in activities at various schools in the Williamsburg area, including Bruton Heights School. These images document Homecoming courts, parades, and dances, sports teams and cheerleaders, singing groups, graduations, Junior/Senior Proms, marching bands, theater productions, and faculty members. Some of the faculty portraits have been identified as staff of the James City County Training School and the Hampton Institute. A few photos are also present of the exterior of Bruton Heights School and Frederick Douglas School.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints.","School\n                  Affairs.","15 folders.","Box-folder \n                  8:1-8:17","Arranged alphabetically in broad subject\n                  categories.","Contains black and white 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints\n                  of African American students participating in\n                  activities at various schools in the Williamsburg\n                  area, including Bruton Heights School. These images\n                  document Homecoming courts, parades, and dances,\n                  sports teams and cheerleaders, singing groups,\n                  graduations, Junior/Senior Proms, marching bands,\n                  theater productions, and faculty members. Some of the\n                  faculty portraits have been identified as staff of\n                  the James City County Training School and the Hampton\n                  Institute. A few photos are also present of the\n                  exterior of Bruton Heights School and Frederick\n                  Douglas School."],"title_filing_ssi":"School\n                  Affairs.","title_ssm":["School\n                  Affairs."],"title_tesim":["School\n                  Affairs."],"normalized_title_ssm":["School\n                  Affairs."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"physdesc_tesim":["15 folders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":38,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  8:1-8:17"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically in broad subject\n                  categories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically in broad subject\n                  categories."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains black and white 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints\n                  of African American students participating in\n                  activities at various schools in the Williamsburg\n                  area, including Bruton Heights School. These images\n                  document Homecoming courts, parades, and dances,\n                  sports teams and cheerleaders, singing groups,\n                  graduations, Junior/Senior Proms, marching bands,\n                  theater productions, and faculty members. Some of the\n                  faculty portraits have been identified as staff of\n                  the James City County Training School and the Hampton\n                  Institute. A few photos are also present of the\n                  exterior of Bruton Heights School and Frederick\n                  Douglas School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains black and white 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints\n                  of African American students participating in\n                  activities at various schools in the Williamsburg\n                  area, including Bruton Heights School. These images\n                  document Homecoming courts, parades, and dances,\n                  sports teams and cheerleaders, singing groups,\n                  graduations, Junior/Senior Proms, marching bands,\n                  theater productions, and faculty members. Some of the\n                  faculty portraits have been identified as staff of\n                  the James City County Training School and the Hampton\n                  Institute. A few photos are also present of the\n                  exterior of Bruton Heights School and Frederick\n                  Douglas School."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"text":["AV-92.1","Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.","Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s."],"names_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":187,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c11"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Secular.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02"],"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097_c04","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c04","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Printed\n               Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Printed\n               Materials"],"text":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Printed\n               Materials","Secular.","Box-folder \n                  5:7-6:5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Secular.","title_ssm":["Secular."],"title_tesim":["Secular."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Secular."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":49,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  5:7-6:5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00097.xml","title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 90.6"],"text":["MS 90.6","Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)",".5 cubic feet.","This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings","Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.","Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.","Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 90.6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creators_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".5 cubic feet."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Drawings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Printed Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 9. Reference/Research Cards \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 10. Scrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 11 Oversize Drawings\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDelos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings."],"names_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c04_c02"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Secular\n                  Architecture.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02"],"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c01","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Photographs."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Photographs."],"text":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Photographs.","Secular\n                  Architecture.","Box-folder \n                  3:4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Secular\n                  Architecture.","title_ssm":["Secular\n                  Architecture."],"title_tesim":["Secular\n                  Architecture."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Secular\n                  Architecture."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":16,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  3:4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00097.xml","title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 90.6"],"text":["MS 90.6","Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)",".5 cubic feet.","This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings","Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.","Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.","Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 90.6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creators_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".5 cubic feet."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Drawings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Printed Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 9. Reference/Research Cards \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 10. Scrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 11 Oversize Drawings\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDelos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings."],"names_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c01_c02"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Secular\n                  Structures.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02"],"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097_c03","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c03","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Drawings."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Drawings."],"text":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Drawings.","Secular\n                  Structures.","Box-folder \n                  4:7"],"title_filing_ssi":"Secular\n                  Structures.","title_ssm":["Secular\n                  Structures."],"title_tesim":["Secular\n                  Structures."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Secular\n                  Structures."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":37,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  4:7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00097.xml","title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 90.6"],"text":["MS 90.6","Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)",".5 cubic feet.","This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings","Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.","Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.","Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 90.6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"creators_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church\n            architecture--East (U.S.)","Church\n            history--East (U.S.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".5 cubic feet."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Drawings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Printed Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 9. Reference/Research Cards \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 10. Scrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 11 Oversize Drawings\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into series: \n          Series 1. Photographs \n          Series 2. Correspondence \n          Series 3. Drawings \n          Series 4. Printed Materials \n          Series 5. Newspaper and Magazine Clippings \n          Series 6. Notebooks and Maps with Colonial Churches\n         Marked \n          Series 7. Miscellaneous Materials arranged and labelled\n         by D. H. Smith \n          Series 8. Washington (D.C.) and Surrounding Area\n         Materials \n          Series 9. Reference/Research Cards \n          Series 10. Scrapbooks \n          Series 11 Oversize Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDelos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Delos H. Smith (1884-1963) was the architect and\n         architectural historian of Alexandria, Virginia. Smith\n         specialized in ecclesiastical work and practiced in Washington\n         D. C. His projects included numerous churches, two low-rent\n         housing projects, the Beltsville Farm Export Station, and the\n         Capitol Building Prayer Room, on which he was a consulting\n         architect. Smith also served as commander of the Civil\n         Engineering Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve, from 1940-45, and as\n         design superintendent of the Army and Navy Munitious Board at\n         the Norfolk Navy Yard."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the collection include photographs, prints,\n         architectural drawings, newspaper and magazine clippings,\n         letters, scrapbooks, notebooks, maps, books, and periodicals.\n         Major subject areas in the collection are colonial religious\n         and secular architecture in the eastern United States,\n         materials on British and other European origins of American\n         colonial architecture, and art books as sources for\n         architectural drawings."],"names_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"persname_ssim":["Delos H. Smith (Delos Hamilton),\n            1884-1963.","Smith, Delos\n            H. (Delos Hamilton), 1884- 1963."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:29:52.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c03_c02"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Single\n                  Baby/Children.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains formal black and white photos of African American infants and children. These photos range in size from snapshots to 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints. Most of the baby pictures are of the infant alone, although a few also feature the parents. This sub-series includes formal portraits of siblings and of parents with their children. In addition, it features some informal portraits of children playing or participating in special events, such as birthday parties. A few of the pictures appear to be of a kindergarten class graduation ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints.","Single\n                  Baby/Children.","14 folders.","Box-folder \n                  5:1-5a:5","Arranged into Single Baby and Children\n                  categories.","Contains formal black and white photos of African\n                  American infants and children. These photos range in\n                  size from snapshots to 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints. Most\n                  of the baby pictures are of the infant alone,\n                  although a few also feature the parents. This\n                  sub-series includes formal portraits of siblings and\n                  of parents with their children. In addition, it\n                  features some informal portraits of children playing\n                  or participating in special events, such as birthday\n                  parties. A few of the pictures appear to be of a\n                  kindergarten class graduation ceremony."],"title_filing_ssi":"Single\n                  Baby/Children.","title_ssm":["Single\n                  Baby/Children."],"title_tesim":["Single\n                  Baby/Children."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Single\n                  Baby/Children."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"physdesc_tesim":["14 folders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":11,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  5:1-5a:5"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into Single Baby and Children\n                  categories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into Single Baby and Children\n                  categories."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains formal black and white photos of African\n                  American infants and children. These photos range in\n                  size from snapshots to 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints. Most\n                  of the baby pictures are of the infant alone,\n                  although a few also feature the parents. This\n                  sub-series includes formal portraits of siblings and\n                  of parents with their children. In addition, it\n                  features some informal portraits of children playing\n                  or participating in special events, such as birthday\n                  parties. A few of the pictures appear to be of a\n                  kindergarten class graduation ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains formal black and white photos of African\n                  American infants and children. These photos range in\n                  size from snapshots to 5x7 and 8x10 inch prints. Most\n                  of the baby pictures are of the infant alone,\n                  although a few also feature the parents. This\n                  sub-series includes formal portraits of siblings and\n                  of parents with their children. In addition, it\n                  features some informal portraits of children playing\n                  or participating in special events, such as birthday\n                  parties. A few of the pictures appear to be of a\n                  kindergarten class graduation ceremony."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"text":["AV-92.1","Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.","Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s."],"names_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":187,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c03"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"S.S. United\n                  States.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains 8x10 inch black and white prints of the S.S. United States during a trial run. These photos include portraits of kitchen and wait staff on board the ship, as well as interior and exterior views of the ship.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","Photoprints.","S.S. United\n                  States.","4 folders.","Box-folder \n                  14:1-14:4","Contains 8x10 inch black and white prints of the\n                  S.S. United States during a trial run. These photos\n                  include portraits of kitchen and wait staff on board\n                  the ship, as well as interior and exterior views of\n                  the ship."],"title_filing_ssi":"S.S. United\n                  States.","title_ssm":["S.S. United\n                  States."],"title_tesim":["S.S. United\n                  States."],"normalized_title_ssm":["S.S. United\n                  States."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"physdesc_tesim":["4 folders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":110,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  14:1-14:4"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains 8x10 inch black and white prints of the\n                  S.S. United States during a trial run. These photos\n                  include portraits of kitchen and wait staff on board\n                  the ship, as well as interior and exterior views of\n                  the ship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains 8x10 inch black and white prints of the\n                  S.S. United States during a trial run. These photos\n                  include portraits of kitchen and wait staff on board\n                  the ship, as well as interior and exterior views of\n                  the ship."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#25","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"text":["AV-92.1","Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century.","\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.","Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection,\n          20th\n         century."],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["\n            Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n            American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n            American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n            American\n            students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","African\n            Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n            customs--Photographs.","\n            Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n            Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n          Series 1. Photoprints \n          Series 2. Negatives \n          Series 3. Slides \n          Series 4. Oversize Prints \n          Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n         York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n         of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n         worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n         her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n         Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n         in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n         18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n         Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n         and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n         business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n         distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n         of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n         He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n         sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n         James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n         William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n         history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n         he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n         sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n         obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n         historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n         licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n         hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n         of African-American residents and also documented significant\n         events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n         positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n         black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n         Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n         General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n         retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n         photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n         document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n         black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n         these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n         experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n         and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n         children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n         weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n         represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n         events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n         African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n         and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n         nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n         and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n         are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n         the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n         and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n         Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n         Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n         well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n         a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n         American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n         group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n         shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n         African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n         well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n         photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n         occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n         conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n         groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n         groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n         fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n         Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n         Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n         early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n         acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n         local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n         marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n         Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n         categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n         Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n         teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n         portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n         schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n         that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n         James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n         Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n         schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n         images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n         parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n         Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n         the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n         various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n         the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n         glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n         African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n         Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n         children at this beach along James River. The collection\n         includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n         of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n         Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n         the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n         choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n         participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n         the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n         negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n         Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n         Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n         Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n         area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n         performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n         for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n         this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n         restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n         cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n         at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n         photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n         hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n         who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n         interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n         some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n         community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n         fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n         businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n         Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n         Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n         of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n         the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n         members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n         and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n         are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n         business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n         scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n         color slides which document the filming of \n          The Story of a Patriot, \"\n         the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n         Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n         portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n         interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n         recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n         photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n         photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n         House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n         automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n         the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n         Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n         News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n         board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n         the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n         documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n         plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n         Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n         papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n         activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n         papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n         and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n         include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n         photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n         public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n         opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n         clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n         from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n         for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n         scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n         satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n         historical commentary."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n         photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n         photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n         social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n         Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n         1930s through the 1960s."],"names_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n            group)","Brick House Tavern\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n            City, Va.)","Colonial\n            Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n            (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n            group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n            Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n            (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n            group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n            (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n            Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n            Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n            (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n            and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n            1952)","United\n            States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n            Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n            1904-","Elizabeth,\n            II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n            1920-1991."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":187,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:30:39.454Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c26"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c08_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Surrounding\n                  Area.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00097_c08_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c08_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00097_c08_c02"],"id":"viwc_viwc00097_c08_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097","_root_":"viwc_viwc00097","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00097_c08","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00097_c08","parent_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00097","viwc_viwc00097_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Washington, D.C. and\n               Surrounding Area Materials."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Washington, D.C. and\n               Surrounding Area Materials."],"text":["Delos H. Smith Collection, \n          \n         ca.1940-ca.1959.","Washington, D.C. and\n               Surrounding Area Materials.","Surrounding\n                  Area.","Box-folder \n                  10:15-10:20"],"title_filing_ssi":"Surrounding\n                  Area.","title_ssm":["Surrounding\n                  Area."],"title_tesim":["Surrounding\n                  Area."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Surrounding\n                  Area."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. 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