{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=148919","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=148918","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=148920","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=148923"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":148919,"next_page":148920,"prev_page":148918,"total_pages":148923,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1489180,"total_count":1489221,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"ZURICH SOUNDTRACK CURTAIN CALLS, 1955","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e16 - PORGY AND BESS, COMPANY ZURICH SOUND TRACK \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00039","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00039","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00039_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00039_c01","parent_ssim":["Robert S. 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Breen papers, 1935/1973"],"containers_ssim":["box 135","Reel 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1955],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e16 - PORGY AND BESS, COMPANY ZURICH SOUND TRACK\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_tesim":["16 - PORGY AND BESS, COMPANY ZURICH SOUND TRACK"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1339","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:37.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00039","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00039","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00039","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00039","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00039.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Robert S. Breen papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert S. Breen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert S. Breen papers, 1935/1973"],"text":["Robert S. Breen papers, 1935/1973","C0004","Theater--United States.","Organized alphabetically according to subject and topic.","In the early 1930s, a small group of arts patrons from Philadelphia and New York began to act upon their conviction that Americans should have a national theater organization that would serve the American public better than Broadway, with its high ticket prices and limited touring policy. Under the leadership of Leopold Stokowski, and with the help of several influential supporters, they persuaded Congress to enact a federal charter for a national theater - a rare and significant authorization but for very few organizations such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Red Cross, and the Federal Reserve Bank. Signed by Franklin Roosevelt on July 3, 1935, the charter of The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) called for: A people's project, organized and conducted in their interest, free from commercialism, but with the firm intent of being as far as possible self-supporting. A national theatre should bring to the people throughout the country their heritage of the great drama of the past and the best of the present, which has been too frequently unavailable to them under existing conditions. Action on the new charter stalled for nearly a decade, however, with the creation of the WPA Federal Theatre Project, which provided Depression relief to theater artists from 1935 until 1939, and then the onset of World War II. Perhaps more to the point, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA.","When the war ended, Robert Breen, a dynamic theater director, actor, and producer fresh out of the Army Air Corps, saw in ANTA the opportunity for his vision of a national theater. He persuaded a fellow veteran, Robert Porterfield, founder of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, to join him in his effort to devise and propose to the ANTA board a plan for a national theater supported by a foundation.","In 1946 the ANTA board voted to accept the Breen-Porterfield Foundation Plan and persuaded Robert Breen to serve as executive secretary of ANTA. To provide the organization with necessary expertise, the board was reconstituted to include prestigious theater professionals such as Brooks Atkinson, Cheryl Crawford, Paul Green, Moss Hart, Helen Hayes, Sam Jaffe, and Raymond Massey.","Robert Breen and a small, dedicated team comprised mostly of volunteers set furiously to work in his own living quarters above the Hudson Theater on 44th Street. At his side was his co-worker and wife Wilva Davis Breen, who had been instrumental in promoting and guiding the ANTA plan to completion. Together, the two of them had established the Chicago unit of the Federal Theatre Project, an experience which convinced Breen that theater in America was in need of more than a temporary relief program.","Thus began a remarkable period in American theater that, with the infusion of ANTA support and energy, saw the revival of the Experimental Theatre in New York, the growth of regional and university theater programs, the encouragement of playwrights and performers, the broadcasting of quality dramatic presentations to millions of Americans on television in its fledgling years, and ground breaking cultural exchanges that warmed a Cold War world. \nInternationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchanges between the U.S. and Europe and entertainment for American troops serving abroad. It began in 1949 with a U.S. tour of Hamlet throughout Europe, culminating in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark, the actual setting of the play. During the 1950s ANTA sponsored such projects as the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe, and American participation in the Berlin Arts Festival in 1951. Productions showing different sides of life in America were played to European audiences. Among the many were the musicals Oklahoma and Porgy and Bess.","The Robert Breen Theatre Collection is a primary source from which one may research the early beginnings of government support for the performing arts and the people responsible for them. It details the work of Robert Breen, the driving force behind the reformation of ANTA in 1946 and a staunch supporter of its eventual successor, the National Endowment for the Arts. The Robert Breen Theatre Collection aids in the gaining of a better understanding of the early operations of ANTA. Covering the years 1933-1980, it consists of working papers, correspondence, drafts, news clippings, scripts, photographs and other theatrical materials which document Breen's career with ANTA from 1944 to 1952. There are also almost 70 audiotapes with recordings of musical theatre and Breen dictating correspondence. The collection also reflects Breen's personal interests such as television, film, and political causes.","The papers are comprised of records generated by Robert Breen and his wife Wilva Breen. The collection documents Robert Breen's work in the theater as an actor, director, and producer.  The bulk of the collection relates to Breen's work as Executive Director for the American National Theater and Academy.","George Mason University.\nSpecial Collections and Archives.","ANTA (Organization)","Robert S. Breen","Breen, Robert S.","English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert S. Breen papers, 1935/1973"],"collection_ssim":["Robert S. Breen papers, 1935/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0004"],"unitid_tesim":["C0004"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Robert S. Breen"],"creator_ssim":["Robert S. Breen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robert S. Breen","Breen, Robert S."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.\nSpecial Collections and Archives.","ANTA (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Robert S. Breen","Breen, Robert S.","George Mason University.\nSpecial Collections and Archives.","ANTA (Organization)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the trustees of the Robert Breen Collection in 1988 and Wilva Breen and Ohio State University in 1989.","Additional donations from Diana Lawrence and Mike Timoney in 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67.5 linear feet (139 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["67.5 linear feet (139 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized alphabetically according to subject and topic.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized alphabetically according to subject and topic."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1930s, a small group of arts patrons from Philadelphia and New York began to act upon their conviction that Americans should have a national theater organization that would serve the American public better than Broadway, with its high ticket prices and limited touring policy. Under the leadership of Leopold Stokowski, and with the help of several influential supporters, they persuaded Congress to enact a federal charter for a national theater - a rare and significant authorization but for very few organizations such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Red Cross, and the Federal Reserve Bank. Signed by Franklin Roosevelt on July 3, 1935, the charter of The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) called for: A people's project, organized and conducted in their interest, free from commercialism, but with the firm intent of being as far as possible self-supporting. A national theatre should bring to the people throughout the country their heritage of the great drama of the past and the best of the present, which has been too frequently unavailable to them under existing conditions. Action on the new charter stalled for nearly a decade, however, with the creation of the WPA Federal Theatre Project, which provided Depression relief to theater artists from 1935 until 1939, and then the onset of World War II. Perhaps more to the point, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhen the war ended, Robert Breen, a dynamic theater director, actor, and producer fresh out of the Army Air Corps, saw in ANTA the opportunity for his vision of a national theater. He persuaded a fellow veteran, Robert Porterfield, founder of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, to join him in his effort to devise and propose to the ANTA board a plan for a national theater supported by a foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1946 the ANTA board voted to accept the Breen-Porterfield Foundation Plan and persuaded Robert Breen to serve as executive secretary of ANTA. To provide the organization with necessary expertise, the board was reconstituted to include prestigious theater professionals such as Brooks Atkinson, Cheryl Crawford, Paul Green, Moss Hart, Helen Hayes, Sam Jaffe, and Raymond Massey.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRobert Breen and a small, dedicated team comprised mostly of volunteers set furiously to work in his own living quarters above the Hudson Theater on 44th Street. At his side was his co-worker and wife Wilva Davis Breen, who had been instrumental in promoting and guiding the ANTA plan to completion. Together, the two of them had established the Chicago unit of the Federal Theatre Project, an experience which convinced Breen that theater in America was in need of more than a temporary relief program.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThus began a remarkable period in American theater that, with the infusion of ANTA support and energy, saw the revival of the Experimental Theatre in New York, the growth of regional and university theater programs, the encouragement of playwrights and performers, the broadcasting of quality dramatic presentations to millions of Americans on television in its fledgling years, and ground breaking cultural exchanges that warmed a Cold War world. \nInternationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchanges between the U.S. and Europe and entertainment for American troops serving abroad. It began in 1949 with a U.S. tour of Hamlet throughout Europe, culminating in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark, the actual setting of the play. During the 1950s ANTA sponsored such projects as the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe, and American participation in the Berlin Arts Festival in 1951. Productions showing different sides of life in America were played to European audiences. Among the many were the musicals Oklahoma and Porgy and Bess.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the early 1930s, a small group of arts patrons from Philadelphia and New York began to act upon their conviction that Americans should have a national theater organization that would serve the American public better than Broadway, with its high ticket prices and limited touring policy. Under the leadership of Leopold Stokowski, and with the help of several influential supporters, they persuaded Congress to enact a federal charter for a national theater - a rare and significant authorization but for very few organizations such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Red Cross, and the Federal Reserve Bank. Signed by Franklin Roosevelt on July 3, 1935, the charter of The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) called for: A people's project, organized and conducted in their interest, free from commercialism, but with the firm intent of being as far as possible self-supporting. A national theatre should bring to the people throughout the country their heritage of the great drama of the past and the best of the present, which has been too frequently unavailable to them under existing conditions. Action on the new charter stalled for nearly a decade, however, with the creation of the WPA Federal Theatre Project, which provided Depression relief to theater artists from 1935 until 1939, and then the onset of World War II. Perhaps more to the point, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA.","When the war ended, Robert Breen, a dynamic theater director, actor, and producer fresh out of the Army Air Corps, saw in ANTA the opportunity for his vision of a national theater. He persuaded a fellow veteran, Robert Porterfield, founder of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, to join him in his effort to devise and propose to the ANTA board a plan for a national theater supported by a foundation.","In 1946 the ANTA board voted to accept the Breen-Porterfield Foundation Plan and persuaded Robert Breen to serve as executive secretary of ANTA. To provide the organization with necessary expertise, the board was reconstituted to include prestigious theater professionals such as Brooks Atkinson, Cheryl Crawford, Paul Green, Moss Hart, Helen Hayes, Sam Jaffe, and Raymond Massey.","Robert Breen and a small, dedicated team comprised mostly of volunteers set furiously to work in his own living quarters above the Hudson Theater on 44th Street. At his side was his co-worker and wife Wilva Davis Breen, who had been instrumental in promoting and guiding the ANTA plan to completion. Together, the two of them had established the Chicago unit of the Federal Theatre Project, an experience which convinced Breen that theater in America was in need of more than a temporary relief program.","Thus began a remarkable period in American theater that, with the infusion of ANTA support and energy, saw the revival of the Experimental Theatre in New York, the growth of regional and university theater programs, the encouragement of playwrights and performers, the broadcasting of quality dramatic presentations to millions of Americans on television in its fledgling years, and ground breaking cultural exchanges that warmed a Cold War world. \nInternationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchanges between the U.S. and Europe and entertainment for American troops serving abroad. It began in 1949 with a U.S. tour of Hamlet throughout Europe, culminating in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark, the actual setting of the play. During the 1950s ANTA sponsored such projects as the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe, and American participation in the Berlin Arts Festival in 1951. Productions showing different sides of life in America were played to European audiences. Among the many were the musicals Oklahoma and Porgy and Bess."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Breen Theatre Collection is a primary source from which one may research the early beginnings of government support for the performing arts and the people responsible for them. It details the work of Robert Breen, the driving force behind the reformation of ANTA in 1946 and a staunch supporter of its eventual successor, the National Endowment for the Arts. The Robert Breen Theatre Collection aids in the gaining of a better understanding of the early operations of ANTA. Covering the years 1933-1980, it consists of working papers, correspondence, drafts, news clippings, scripts, photographs and other theatrical materials which document Breen's career with ANTA from 1944 to 1952. There are also almost 70 audiotapes with recordings of musical theatre and Breen dictating correspondence. The collection also reflects Breen's personal interests such as television, film, and political causes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert Breen Theatre Collection is a primary source from which one may research the early beginnings of government support for the performing arts and the people responsible for them. It details the work of Robert Breen, the driving force behind the reformation of ANTA in 1946 and a staunch supporter of its eventual successor, the National Endowment for the Arts. The Robert Breen Theatre Collection aids in the gaining of a better understanding of the early operations of ANTA. Covering the years 1933-1980, it consists of working papers, correspondence, drafts, news clippings, scripts, photographs and other theatrical materials which document Breen's career with ANTA from 1944 to 1952. There are also almost 70 audiotapes with recordings of musical theatre and Breen dictating correspondence. The collection also reflects Breen's personal interests such as television, film, and political causes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers are comprised of records generated by Robert Breen and his wife Wilva Breen. The collection documents Robert Breen's work in the theater as an actor, director, and producer.  The bulk of the collection relates to Breen's work as Executive Director for the American National Theater and Academy.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The papers are comprised of records generated by Robert Breen and his wife Wilva Breen. The collection documents Robert Breen's work in the theater as an actor, director, and producer.  The bulk of the collection relates to Breen's work as Executive Director for the American National Theater and Academy."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.\nSpecial Collections and Archives.","ANTA (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Robert S. Breen","Breen, Robert S."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.\nSpecial Collections and Archives.","ANTA (Organization)","Robert S. Breen","Breen, Robert S."],"language_ssim":["English."],"total_component_count_is":1398,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:37.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00039_c01_c1340"}},{"id":"vifgm_drennon_c95","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zurich, Switzerland, 1948","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon_c95#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon_c95#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_drennon_c95","ref_ssm":["vifgm_drennon_c95"],"id":"vifgm_drennon_c95","ead_ssi":"vifgm_drennon","_root_":"vifgm_drennon","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_drennon","parent_ssi":"vifgm_drennon","parent_ssim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_drennon"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zurich, Switzerland,","title_ssm":["Zurich, Switzerland"],"title_tesim":["Zurich, Switzerland"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zurich, Switzerland, 1948"],"text":["Zurich, Switzerland, 1948","Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950","Box 2","Folder 15","View of Zurich and the Limmat river"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":95,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 15"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no use restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1948],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_tesim":["View of Zurich and the Limmat river"],"_nest_path_":"/components#94","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:19:57.213Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_drennon","ead_ssi":"vifgm_drennon","_root_":"vifgm_drennon","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_drennon","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/drennon.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/drennon.html","title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"text":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950","C0068","Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides.","Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe.","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                .","The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.","Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the  and the  It also holds other early photography collections, such as the","The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","There are no use restrictions.","This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0068"],"unitid_tesim":["C0068"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"geogname_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"places_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Christine Drennon in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~12~12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/lytton.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/japaneseinvasionphotos.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e It also holds other early photography collections, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Larkin Family photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larkin.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the  and the  It also holds other early photography collections, such as the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:19:57.213Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon_c95"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zurich, Switzerland, 1948","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627_c95","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","parent_ssim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zurich, Switzerland","title_ssm":["Zurich, Switzerland"],"title_tesim":["Zurich, Switzerland"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zurich, Switzerland, 1948"],"text":["Zurich, Switzerland, 1948","Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950","Box 2","Folder 15","View of Zurich and the Limmat river"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":95,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 15"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1948],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["View of Zurich and the Limmat river"],"_nest_path_":"/components#94","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:08.504Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_627","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_627.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection","title_ssm":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"text":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950","C0068","/repositories/2/resources/627","Amsterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Austria -- Slides","Europe -- Geography -- Slides","Geneva (Switzerland) -- Slides","IJssel Lake (Netherlands) -- Slides","Le Havre (France) -- Slides","Longwy (France) -- Slides","Netherlands -- Slides","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy) -- Slides","Rotterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Sparti (Greece) -- Slides","Strasbourg (France) -- Slides","Tyrol (Austria) -- Slides","Venice (Italy) -- Slides","Wieringermeer -- Slides","Zurich (Switzerland) -- Slides","Cities and towns -- Europe -- Slides","Lantern slides -- Europe","World War, 1939-1945","Lantern slides","Aerial photographs -- Europe","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized versions of these items can be found here: .","The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.","Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in January 2019.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the  and the  It also holds other early photography collections, such as the","The Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of cities in European countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0068","/repositories/2/resources/627"],"unitid_tesim":["C0068","/repositories/2/resources/627"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Amsterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Austria -- Slides","Europe -- Geography -- Slides","Geneva (Switzerland) -- Slides","IJssel Lake (Netherlands) -- Slides","Le Havre (France) -- Slides","Longwy (France) -- Slides","Netherlands -- Slides","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy) -- Slides","Rotterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Sparti (Greece) -- Slides","Strasbourg (France) -- Slides","Tyrol (Austria) -- Slides","Venice (Italy) -- Slides","Wieringermeer -- Slides","Zurich (Switzerland) -- Slides"],"geogname_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Austria -- Slides","Europe -- Geography -- Slides","Geneva (Switzerland) -- Slides","IJssel Lake (Netherlands) -- Slides","Le Havre (France) -- Slides","Longwy (France) -- Slides","Netherlands -- Slides","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy) -- Slides","Rotterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Sparti (Greece) -- Slides","Strasbourg (France) -- Slides","Tyrol (Austria) -- Slides","Venice (Italy) -- Slides","Wieringermeer -- Slides","Zurich (Switzerland) -- Slides"],"places_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Austria -- Slides","Europe -- Geography -- Slides","Geneva (Switzerland) -- Slides","IJssel Lake (Netherlands) -- Slides","Le Havre (France) -- Slides","Longwy (France) -- Slides","Netherlands -- Slides","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy) -- Slides","Rotterdam (Netherlands) -- Slides","Sparti (Greece) -- Slides","Strasbourg (France) -- Slides","Tyrol (Austria) -- Slides","Venice (Italy) -- Slides","Wieringermeer -- Slides","Zurich (Switzerland) -- Slides"],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Christine Drennon in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cities and towns -- Europe -- Slides","Lantern slides -- Europe","World War, 1939-1945","Lantern slides","Aerial photographs -- Europe"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cities and towns -- Europe -- Slides","Lantern slides -- Europe","World War, 1939-1945","Lantern slides","Aerial photographs -- Europe"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Aerial photographs -- Europe"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized versions of these items can be found here: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~12~12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized versions of these items can be found here: ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in January 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in January 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0200\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e It also holds other early photography collections, such as the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0126\" title=\"Larkin Family photograph collection.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the  and the  It also holds other early photography collections, such as the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christine Drennon Europe lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThis collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of cities in European countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of cities in European countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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This critically acclaimed revival of Porgy and Bess toured twenty-nine countries in North and South America and Europe for four years from 1952-1956."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of Porgy and Bess as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the 1950s.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of Porgy and Bess as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the 1950s."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of Porgy and Bess as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the 1950s. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of Porgy and Bess as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#498","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c499"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zuristein, Ann Freeman, 1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999","Alphabetical Files, 1935/1994"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zuristein, Ann Freeman","title_ssm":["Zuristein, Ann Freeman"],"title_tesim":["Zuristein, Ann Freeman"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zuristein, Ann Freeman, 1987"],"text":["Zuristein, Ann Freeman, 1987","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999","Alphabetical Files, 1935/1994","box 93"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999","Alphabetical Files, 1935/1994"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999","Alphabetical Files, 1935/1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1466,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 93"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#582","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:23.806Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999","M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include:","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University","Clubs include:","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include:","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994)","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received:","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers, 1930/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include:","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University","Clubs include:","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include:","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994)","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received:","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2899,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:23.806Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c583"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_8152","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zurkow, Marina. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This file was compiled over time by VMFA Library staff from many sources."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Vertical files"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Vertical files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Vertical files"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZurkow, Marina., International Artist Files, VF-04, VMFA Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zurkow, Marina., International Artist Files, VF-04, VMFA Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is subject to all copyright laws. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files"],"persname_ssim":["Zurkow, Marina."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files","Zurkow, Marina."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:08.521Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_4_resources_8152"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00096","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00096","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00096_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00096_c01","parent_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00096","vifgm_vifgm00096_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zurowski, Rudolph,","title_ssm":["Zurowski, Rudolph"],"title_tesim":["Zurowski, Rudolph"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004"],"text":["Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004","Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008","box 78","Folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["May 4, 2004"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1223,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"containers_ssim":["box 78","Folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[2004],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1221","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:42.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00096","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00096","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00096","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00096","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00096.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1994-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1994-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"text":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","C0171","Oral history--Virginia--Reston.","Housing--Virginia--Reston.","Planned communities--Virginia--Reston.","Sound recordings.","Organized into four series.","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994-2008 (Boxes 1-79)\n\n        Series 2: Audiotapes, 1994-2000 (Boxes 80-90)\n\n        Series 3: 1996 Interviews (Volunteers), 1996 (Boxes 91-96)\n\n        Series 4: 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews, 2001, 2003, 2009 (Boxes 97-128)","Langston Hughes Middle School is a school in Reston in Fairfax County.  The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979.  Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston.  Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008).","The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.","Series one is titled Transcripts.  This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted.  The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects.  Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously.  Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes.","Series two is titled Audiotapes.  These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts.  The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students.  The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes.","Series three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers).  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives.  They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections.  The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes.","Series four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews.  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003.  They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection.  The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes.","The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.  The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated.  The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Langston Hughes Middle School","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0171"],"unitid_tesim":["C0171"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Langston Hughes Middle School"],"creator_ssim":["Langston Hughes Middle School"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Langston Hughes Middle School"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Langston Hughes Middle School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Sarah Larson, Gene B. 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The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979.  Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston.  Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Langston Hughes Middle School is a school in Reston in Fairfax County.  The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979.  Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston.  Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is titled Transcripts.  This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted.  The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects.  Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously.  Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is titled Audiotapes.  These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts.  The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students.  The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers).  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives.  They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections.  The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews.  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003.  They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection.  The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.","Series one is titled Transcripts.  This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted.  The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects.  Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously.  Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes.","Series two is titled Audiotapes.  These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts.  The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students.  The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools.  The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes.","Series three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers).  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives.  They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections.  The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes.","Series four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews.  These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003.  They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection.  The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.  The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated.  The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School.  The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston.  The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009.  Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.  The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated.  The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Langston Hughes Middle School"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Langston Hughes Middle School"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2084,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:42.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00096_c01_c1222"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01_c1222","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01_c1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01_c1222","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01_c1222"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01_c1222","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01","parent_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zurowski, Rudolph","title_ssm":["Zurowski, Rudolph"],"title_tesim":["Zurowski, Rudolph"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004"],"text":["Zurowski, Rudolph, 2004","Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008","box 78","folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","Series 1: Transcripts, 1994/2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["May 4, 2004"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1223,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"containers_ssim":["box 78","folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[2004],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1221","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_173","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_173.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Reston Reflections oral history collection","title_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1994-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1994-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"text":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008","C0171","/repositories/2/resources/173","Reston (Va.)","Reston (Va.) -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Housing","Oral history","Local history","Sound recordings","Oral histories","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into four series.","Series\n      Series 1: Transcripts, 1994-2008 (Boxes 1-79)\n      Series 2: Audiotapes, 1994-2000 (Boxes 80-90)\n      Series 3: 1996 Interviews (Volunteers), 1996 (Boxes 91-96)\n      Series 4: 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews, 2001, 2003, 2009 (Boxes 97-128)","Langston Hughes Middle School is a school in Reston in Fairfax County. The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979. Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston. Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008).","Processed in July 2009 by Emily Martin with additions by Steven Harris-Scott in September 2010. The Reston Reflections Collection was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. Beginning in 2009 the documents from the Reston Reflections were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the history of Reston, Virginia and other planned communities.","The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.","Series one is titled Transcripts. This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted. The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects. Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously. Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed. The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes.","Series two is titled Audiotapes. These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts. The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students. The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools. The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes.","Series three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers). These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives. They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections. The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes.","Series four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews. These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003. They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection. The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino. The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated. The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes.","R43, C1, S1 - C3, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, 1994/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0171","/repositories/2/resources/173"],"unitid_tesim":["C0171","/repositories/2/resources/173"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Reston (Va.)","Reston (Va.) -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Reston (Va.) -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Reston (Va.) -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Sarah Larson, Gene B. Zablotney, and others in 1995-2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Housing","Oral history","Local history","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Housing","Oral history","Local history","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["56.5 Linear Feet 127 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["56.5 Linear Feet 127 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Transcripts, 1994-2008 (Boxes 1-79)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Audiotapes, 1994-2000 (Boxes 80-90)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: 1996 Interviews (Volunteers), 1996 (Boxes 91-96)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews, 2001, 2003, 2009 (Boxes 97-128)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into four series.","Series\n      Series 1: Transcripts, 1994-2008 (Boxes 1-79)\n      Series 2: Audiotapes, 1994-2000 (Boxes 80-90)\n      Series 3: 1996 Interviews (Volunteers), 1996 (Boxes 91-96)\n      Series 4: 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews, 2001, 2003, 2009 (Boxes 97-128)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLangston Hughes Middle School is a school in Reston in Fairfax County. The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979. Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston. Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Langston Hughes Middle School is a school in Reston in Fairfax County. The school was named for the poet, Langston Hughes, and was established in 1979. Beginning in 1994 the eighth graders at Langston Hughes Middle School began an oral history project where they interviewed different citizens of Reston. Each year had a different theme starting with Reston's Thirtieth Anniversary (1994-1995), Volunteers in the Community (1996), Leadership in the Community (1998), Business in the Community (1999), Transportation in the Community (2000), Life Cycle of Neighborhoods (2001), Civil Rights Movement (2002), War and the Community (2003), Reston's Fortieth Anniversary (2004), Providing Affordable Housing (2005), Women in Community (2006), Creating Recreation Opportunities in Community (2007) and Technology and Community Change (2008)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReston Reflections oral history collection, C0171, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Reston Reflections oral history collection, C0171, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in July 2009 by Emily Martin with additions by Steven Harris-Scott in September 2010. The Reston Reflections Collection was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. Beginning in 2009 the documents from the Reston Reflections were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in July 2009 by Emily Martin with additions by Steven Harris-Scott in September 2010. The Reston Reflections Collection was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. Beginning in 2009 the documents from the Reston Reflections were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the history of Reston, Virginia and other planned communities.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the history of Reston, Virginia and other planned communities."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is titled Transcripts. This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted. The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects. Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously. Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed. The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is titled Audiotapes. These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts. The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students. The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools. The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers). These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives. They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections. The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews. These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003. They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection. The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino.","Series one is titled Transcripts. This series contains the transcripts of the interviews that the student conducted. The transcripts have descriptions of the interviewee, questions and answers from the interviews, report from the student on the process they undertook to arrange the interviews and a final evaluation done by the teacher, grading the students projects. Some of the transcripts also have the audiotapes because the projects have not been processed previously. Also included at the beginning of the series are an index and list of those interviewed. The series is dated from 1994 to 2008 and contained in 79 boxes.","Series two is titled Audiotapes. These are the tapes that have been removed from the transcripts. The tapes are the actual interviews conducted by the students. The audiotapes are from the oral histories that were previously processed and are the earlier interviews done by the students of Langston Hughes Middle Schools. The series is dated from 1994 to 2000 and is contained in 10 boxes.","Series three is titled 1996 Interviews (Volunteers). These are additional transcripts and audiotapes that were done in 1996 by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. They were originally stored separated under the title oral history in the Planned Community Archives. They are now organized together with the rest of the Reston Reflections. The series is dated 1996 and is contained in 6 boxes.","Series four is titled 2001, 2003 and 2009 Interviews. These are additional transcripts and audiotapes completed by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The topics covered are Life Cycle of Neighborhood in 2001 and the War and Community in 2003. They were processed separately but have now been organized with the entire Reston Reflection collection. The series is dated in 2001, 2003 and 2009, and is contained in 33 boxes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_01dfabdd3ba3f1ec4d6db71d4512f9bc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino. The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated. The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Reston Reflections are a collection of interviews done by the students at Langston Hughes Middle School. The students conducted interviews with residents of Reston to create an oral history of Reston. The project spans several years beginning in 1994 with the final interviews in 2009. Among those interviewed are some of Reston more prominent citizens such as Robert E. Simon, the founder of Reston, and Martha Pennino. The collection is divided into four series, the first contains the transcripts of the interviews, the second series is audiotapes from the interviews, the third is the interviews from 1996 that were originally separated from the majority of the collection and the fourth are the interviews from 2001, 2003 and 2009 that were also separated. The collection is large and contained within 128 boxes."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_12ac235a72deffb7cfb02600d4bbf6db\"\u003eR43, C1, S1 - C3, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R43, C1, S1 - C3, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Langston Hughes Middle School (Reston, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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