{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=64\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":64,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":635,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Accounting records, 1934","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00020_c04_c05"],"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00020","vihi_vih00020_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accounting records,\n        1934","title_ssm":["Accounting records, 1934"],"title_tesim":["Accounting records, 1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accounting records, 1934"],"text":["Accounting records, 1934","Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968","box-folder 2:44"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":48,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 2:44"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00020","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00020.xml","title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"text":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Mss1 C7604 a","Creosote.",".","Collection is open to research.","Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files","New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.","Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)","This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.","There are no restrictions.","The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"creators_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Vivion Conger LeBow, Arlington, Va., in 2007. Accessioned September 30, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creosote."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creosote."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\u003c!-- Add your institution's citation information --\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"names_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":173,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c05"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Accounts, 1927-1956","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04"],"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c01","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c01","parent_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.1: General and\n Financial Materials \n \n 1916-1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00010","vihi_vih00010_c04","vihi_vih00010_c04_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accounts, \n                     \n                     1927-1956","title_ssm":["Accounts, 1927-1956"],"title_tesim":["Accounts, 1927-1956"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accounts, 1927-1956"],"text":["Accounts, 1927-1956","Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.1: General and\n Financial Materials \n \n 1916-1970"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.1: General and\n Financial Materials \n \n 1916-1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.1: General and\n Financial Materials \n \n 1916-1970"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":9,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00010","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00010.xml","title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"text":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Mss1 C5472 a FA2","Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage.","900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box).","Collection is open for research.","The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.","Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.","This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.","There are no restrictions.","Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Adele Clark in 1979. Accessioned 7 July\n            1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAccounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInclude scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00021_c04_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00021_c04_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00021_c04_c03","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00021_c04_c03"],"id":"vihi_vih00021_c04_c03","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00021","_root_":"vihi_vih00021","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00021_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00021_c04","parent_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 4. Dissolution/Pension Plan, 1984–1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00021","vihi_vih00021_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc.","title_ssm":["Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc."],"title_tesim":["Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc."],"text":["Acquisitions of Assets by Buckingham Slate Company, Inc.","Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 4. Dissolution/Pension Plan, 1984–1990","box-folder 3:48"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 4. Dissolution/Pension Plan, 1984–1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 4. Dissolution/Pension Plan, 1984–1990"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":52,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 3:48"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00021","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00021","_root_":"vihi_vih00021","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00021","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00021.xml","title_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"title_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"text":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Mss3 Ar896 a FA2","Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century.",".","Collection is open to research.","The records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers.","Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026 Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026 Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County.","Branch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.","LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond.","The records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan.","There are no restrictions.","Historical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026 Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County.","Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"collection_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss3 Ar896 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss3 Ar896 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"geogname_ssm":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"creators_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey.","Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Charles E. Wingo, III, Richmond, Va., in 1997. Accessioned 4 January 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["71 folders"],"extent_tesim":["71 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026amp; Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026amp; Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026 Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026 Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990 (Mss3 Ar896 a FA2), Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990 (Mss3 Ar896 a FA2), Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBranch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Branch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.","LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eHistorical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026amp; Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["Historical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026 Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"persname_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"names_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00021_c04_c03"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00002_c05_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, 1971-1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c05_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c05_c07","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00002_c05_c07"],"id":"vihi_vih00002_c05_c07","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002_c05","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c05","parent_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988","Series 5: Education. \n \n 1955-1972"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, \n                  \n                  1971-1972","title_ssm":["Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, 1971-1972"],"title_tesim":["Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, 1971-1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, 1971-1972"],"text":["Ad Hoc Committee on Public Schools, 1971-1972","FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988","Series 5: Education. \n \n 1955-1972"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988","Series 5: Education. \n \n 1955-1972"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988","Series 5: Education. \n \n 1955-1972"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":63,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00002","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00002.xml","title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"text":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988","Mss1 B4252 a FA2","Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government","Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes).","Collection is open to all researchers.","As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.","Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.","The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","None.","FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n \n 1952-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"creator_ssim":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"access_terms_ssm":["None."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAddresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInformation and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c05_c07"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00021_c02_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Amended By-Laws, 1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00021_c02_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00021_c02_c10","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00021_c02_c10"],"id":"vihi_vih00021_c02_c10","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00021","_root_":"vihi_vih00021","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00021_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00021_c02","parent_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 2. President's Files, 1929–1986"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00021","vihi_vih00021_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Amended By-Laws,  \n\t 1955","title_ssm":["Amended By-Laws, 1955"],"title_tesim":["Amended By-Laws, 1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Amended By-Laws, 1955"],"text":["Amended By-Laws, 1955","Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 2. President's Files, 1929–1986","box-folder 2:23"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 2. President's Files, 1929–1986"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Series 2. President's Files, 1929–1986"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":25,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 2:23"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00021","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00021","_root_":"vihi_vih00021","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00021","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00021.xml","title_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"title_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"text":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990","Mss3 Ar896 a FA2","Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century.",".","Collection is open to research.","The records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers.","Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026 Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026 Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County.","Branch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.","LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond.","The records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan.","There are no restrictions.","Historical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026 Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County.","Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"collection_ssim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss3 Ar896 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss3 Ar896 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"geogname_ssm":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Arvonia (Va.) - Commerce - History - 20th century.","Buckingham County (Va.) - Economic conditions - 20th century.","Virginia - Commerce - History - 20th century."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"creators_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey.","Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Charles E. Wingo, III, Richmond, Va., in 1997. Accessioned 4 January 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slate industry - Virginia - History - 20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["71 folders"],"extent_tesim":["71 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records of Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc. are divided into four series that reflect the overall history of the firm but are strongly focused on \nthe dissolution of the company and the termination of the pension program. In \neach series description, there are notes about the record series overall, \ngenerally with some reference to specific materials within the series. The \ncollection primarily consists of a mixture of bound volumes and loose papers, \nall grouped and designated by folder labels and numbers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026amp; Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026amp; Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation, incorporated in 1913, was founded through the efforts of James Turner Sloan, a major land manager and developer, and his \ncolleague Owen Robert Jeffrey, from a local mining family in Buckingham. They \nwere joined by Thomas Aubrey Yancey, who also served for many years as the \nfirm's president, and Robert Gamble Cabell, III, of Branch \u0026 Co., the firm that \nhanded much of Arvonia-Buckingham's financial and investments affairs. In fact, \nwhile operations centered in the Arvonia region of Buckingham County, corporate \nactivities were largely run out of offices at Branch \u0026 Co. in Richmond. The firm \njoined with Williams Slate Company, Inc., and LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation \nto create Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation in 1929 as the marketing and \nsales arm of these three firms. For many years these firms shared a major market \nfor roofing and structural slate products, but in the mid-1980s the directors \nrecommended to the company's stockholders that Arvonia-Buckingham's assets to be \nsold and the company dissolved, which occurred in 1985. The firm remained on the \nbooks while the company pension plan was terminated and assets distributed \ndirectly or into annuities for former qualified employees. In the meantime, the \nassets of Arvonia-Buckingham (quarries and mining and production facilities and \nequipment) were eventually acquired by LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation, which \nremains the only firm currently maintaining slate quarrying and production \noperations in Buckingham County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990 (Mss3 Ar896 a FA2), Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Company, Inc., Records, 1913–1990 (Mss3 Ar896 a FA2), Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBranch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Branch and Company Records, 1837–1976 (Mss3 B7327 a FA1), Virginia Historical \nSociety, Richmond.","LeSueur-Richmond Slate Corporation Records, 1834–1998 (Mss3 L5673 a FA2), \nVirginia Historical Society, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records in this collection consist of two main categories: operational records primarily comprised of minute books of meetings of the board of \ndirectors and stockholders, as well as two series of loose records; and \nmaterials relating to the dissolution of the firm and sale of its assets, and \nthe related matter of distribution of assets of the company's pension plan to \nentitled beneficiaries. The company remained an entity some three years beyond \nits official dissolution in order to handle the latter matter, although all its \nassets had by then been sold and all funding of activities was covered by escrow \nfunds established through the sale of those assets merged with those of the \npreviously funded pension plan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eHistorical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026amp; Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["Historical and operational materials relating to Arvonia-Buckingham Slate Corporation compiled by its last secretary-treasurer, Charles E. Wingo, \nIII. Arvonia-Buckingham had a long history in Buckingham County, Virginia, as \none of the largest slate quarrying and production companies in the twentieth \ncentury. Founded by members of the Richmond-based Branch \u0026 Co. investment \nbanking firm, or persons closely associated in business with Branch's \nprincipals, the company operated successfully until the mid-1980s, when its \nassets were sold to a subsidiary of Hi-Test Laboratories, Inc., called \nBuckingham Slate Company, Inc., and later absorbed by LeSueur-Richmond Slate \nCorporation, which is now the only remaining slate quarrying and production \ncompany operating in Buckingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"persname_ssim":["Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"names_ssim":["Arvonia Buckingham Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Buckingham-Virginia Slate Corporation (Buckingham County, Va.)","Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.","State Mutual Assurance Company (Worchester, Mass.)","Cabell, Robert Gamble, 1881–1968.","Jeffrey, Owen Robert, 1878–1954.","Sloan, James Turner, d. 1934.","Wingo, Charles Evans, 1917–2005.","Yancey, Thomas Aubrey."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00021_c02_c10"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Art Club, 1901-1918","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02"],"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00010","vihi_vih00010_c04","vihi_vih00010_c04_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Art Club, \n                     \n                     1901-1918","title_ssm":["Art Club, 1901-1918"],"title_tesim":["Art Club, 1901-1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Art Club, 1901-1918"],"text":["Art Club, 1901-1918","Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":19,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00010","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00010.xml","title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"text":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Mss1 C5472 a FA2","Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage.","900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box).","Collection is open for research.","The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.","Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.","This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.","There are no restrictions.","Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Adele Clark in 1979. Accessioned 7 July\n            1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAccounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInclude scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c02"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Art Commission, 1942-1964","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07"],"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00010","vihi_vih00010_c04","vihi_vih00010_c04_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Art Commission, \n                     \n                     1942-1964","title_ssm":["Art Commission, 1942-1964"],"title_tesim":["Art Commission, 1942-1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Art Commission, 1942-1964"],"text":["Art Commission, 1942-1964","Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":24,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00010","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00010.xml","title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"text":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Mss1 C5472 a FA2","Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage.","900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box).","Collection is open for research.","The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.","Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.","This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.","There are no restrictions.","Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Adele Clark in 1979. Accessioned 7 July\n            1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAccounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInclude scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c07"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Art notes and articles; art\n invitations, announcements and exhibit\n information; register, 1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12"],"id":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00010_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00010","vihi_vih00010_c04","vihi_vih00010_c04_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Art notes and articles; art\n                     invitations, announcements and exhibit\n                     information; register, \n                     1946","title_ssm":["Art notes and articles; art\n invitations, announcements and exhibit\n information; register, 1946"],"title_tesim":["Art notes and articles; art\n invitations, announcements and exhibit\n information; register, 1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Art notes and articles; art\n invitations, announcements and exhibit\n information; register, 1946"],"text":["Art notes and articles; art\n invitations, announcements and exhibit\n information; register, 1946","Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Series 4: Adele Clark (1882-1983), Richmond, Va.","Subseries 4.2: Art related\n materials"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":29,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#11","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00010","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00010","_root_":"vihi_vih00010","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00010.xml","title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"text":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976","Mss1 C5472 a FA2","Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage.","900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box).","Collection is open for research.","The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.","Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.","This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.","There are no restrictions.","Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Clark Papers \n \n 1855-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C5472 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Adele Clark in 1979. Accessioned 7 July\n            1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art and state -- Virginia.","Art -- Study and teaching.","Clark,Adele, 1882-1983.","Clark, Estelle Goodman, 1847-1937.","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Federal art Project (Va.)","Houston, Nora, 1883-1942.","Ions, Willoughby, 1881-1977.","League of Women Voters of Virginia.","Mothers and daughters.","Richmond(Va.) -- Intellectual life -- 20th\n         century.","Suffrage.","Women artists -- Virginia.","Women -- Family relationships.","Women in politics -- Virginia.","Women -- Suffrage."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["900 (ca.) items. (2 archival and 1\n         oversize box)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers of Adele Clark are arranged into seven series by\n         individual and further subdivided by subject or material\n         type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Clark was a major figure in Richmond's art scene and\n         political life for nearly three-quarters of a century. Born in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent her childhood in New Orleans, La.,\n         before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years later she\n         graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellen School (now\n         St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer for the\n         chamber of commerce, Miss Clark studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Miss Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York, where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Clark Papers, 1855-1976 (Mss1 C5472 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAccounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection begins with the papers of Robert Clark\n         (1832?-1906) and his wife, Estelle (Goodman) Clark\n         (1847-1937). His papers consist of three letters written by a\n         brother Tom Clark and miscellany; hers include correspondence,\n         accounts, and miscellany. A folder of her general\n         correspondence precedes individual folders of letters with her\n         three daughters, Adele Clark, Edith (Clark) Cowles, and\n         Gertrude (Clark) Dew, as well as one containing two letters\n         from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Accounts and letters\n         concerning the deaths of two family members follow.","Correspondence of Edith (Clark) Cowles includes letters\n         with her sister, Adele Clark, and illustrator Dugald Stewart\n         Walker. Adele Clark (1882-1983) was a major figure in\n         Richmond's art society and political life for nearly\n         three-quarters of a century. Born Adele Goodman Clark in\n         Montgomery, Ala., she spent most of her childhood in New\n         Orleans, La., before moving to Richmond in 1894. Seven years\n         later Clark graduated from the Miss Virginia Randolph Ellett\n         School (now St. Catherine's). While working as a stenographer\n         for the chamber of commerce she studied art with Lily Logan at\n         the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906, Adele Clark received a\n         scholarship to the Chase School of Art in New York where she\n         studied under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hays Miller. Shortly\n         after her return to Richmond to teach at the Art Club, she\n         became involved in the women's suffrage movement","Adele Clark's papers reflect her varied careers and\n         avocations, yet mostly pertain to her personal life and art\n         activities. Major collections of her papers documenting her\n         work with the Equal Suffrage League, the Virginia League of\n         Women Voters, and the U.S. Work Projects Administration have\n         been given to the Virginia State Library, the University of\n         Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, and other\n         institutions.","Adele Clark's papers begin with a section of general\n         correspondence, which consists of letters with family members,\n         artists, politicians, and suffragists. Among the more\n         prominent are: Ella Graham Agnew, Edmund Minor Archer, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), Colgate Whitehead Darden, Marion\n         Montague Junkin, Elizabeth Dabney (Langhorne) Lewis, Theresa\n         Pollak, and Roberta Wellford. Separate folders contain\n         correspondence with Richmond artist Nora Houston and artist\n         and designer Willoughby Ions, Adele Clark's first cousin.","Accounts precede financial records, which include materials\n         concerning \"Swannanoa,\" the summer home of James Henry Dooley,\n         uncle of Nora Houston. Adele Clark was helping the Dooley\n         family dispose of this property after the death of Sallie\n         (May) Dooley in 1925. A few items documenting Adele Clark's\n         brief tenure as acting dean of women at the College of William\n         and Mary precede materials concerning her uncle, Edward Samuel\n         Goodman, who died in 1931. These include inquiries concerning\n         his health, sympathy letters and trust information. Sympathy\n         letters concerning the death of Nora Houston, recipes,\n         miscellaneous newspaper clippings and personal miscellany\n         conclude this section.","Materials pertaining to Adele Clark's art career and\n         political activities are located in box 2. These begin with a\n         folder of general art correspondence, arranged alphabetically,\n         which mostly consists of portrait requests, commissions,\n         inquiries, and letters with miscellaneous art institutions.\n         Clark was treasurer and member of the board of directors of\n         the Richmond Art Club as well as a student and instructor\n         there. A minute book, loose minutes, correspondence, loose\n         clippings and a scrapbook of clippings, located with oversized\n         materials in box 3, document her affiliation with the club. An\n         unsigned appeal from James H. Dooley, the club's president, is\n         found among the loose minutes.","In 1919, Adele Clark and Nora Houston, with whom she shared\n         a studio, founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and\n         Handicrafts in an attempt to revive the Chevalier Quesnay de\n         Beaurepaire's Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. This soon\n         became the Virginia League of Fine Arts, which merged with the\n         Richmond Academy of Arts in 1931. This collection contains a\n         copy of the league's constitution, amendments and reports as\n         well as a few items of correspondence. Minutes of the board of\n         trustees of the Richmond Academy of Arts document the merger\n         and the two years following. Lecture notes and student papers\n         from the College of William and Mary extension in Richmond\n         (Richmond Professional Institute) precede WPA materials. The\n         latter mainly consists of letters with Campbell Bascom Slemp\n         about the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap, but also\n         include a scrapbook, located in box 3, and the transcript of a\n         1963 interview.","From 1941 to 1964, Adele Clark served on the State Art\n         Commission, an organization she helped establish in 1916.\n         Materials, primarily reports and minutes, span her entire\n         affiliation with the commission, but mostly pertain to her\n         last three years of service. Materials of the Virginia Society\n         for Crippled Children and Adults include correspondence,\n         reports and notes on patients and demonstrate Clark's interest\n         in using art in rehabilitation. In 1947, a portrait gallery of\n         state police officers who died in the line of duty was\n         established at state police headquarters in Chesterfield\n         County. Adele Clark was commissioned to paint one of these\n         portraits. Materials concerning the dedication include\n         clippings and a program that contains biographical sketches of\n         artists and subjects.","In 1956, the Richmond Artists Association was founded to\n         encourage local appreciation and patronage of contemporary\n         art. Among these materials are copies of the constitution,\n         by-laws, rosters, and a directory. Materials concerning the\n         dedication of the Nora Houston Gallery at St. Paul's School in\n         1972 follow. A copy of the dedication address by Edmund Minor\n         Archer recounts Nora Houston's contributions to Richmond art.\n         Notes and articles, invitations, announcements and exhibition\n         information, a visitor's roster to a 1946 exhibition, two\n         sketchbooks and loose sketches, and miscellany conclude this\n         section.","The rest of Adele Clark's papers concern her role as a\n         political activist. These materials are relatively few in\n         number and often individual folders contain only several items\n         that span a large date range. For example, the first folder in\n         this section contains materials concerning women's rights\n         (excluding the League of Women Voters) from 1912 to 1976. This\n         material includes correspondence, clippings, notes, and\n         miscellany concerning various women's issues from suffrage to\n         the Equal Rights Amendment. As previously mentioned Adele\n         Clark's Equal Suffrage League and Virginia League of Women\n         Voters papers were given to another institution. An index to\n         those papers donated to the James Branch Cabell Library at\n         Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond follows folders\n         on the Richmond and Virginia Leagues. In 1923, the Virginia\n         League of Women Voters established the Virginia Women's\n         Council of Legislative Chairmen of State Organizations to\n         coordinate lobbying efforts among like-minded organizations.\n         In the mid-1950's this became the Virginia Council on State\n         Legislation. Materials concerning these organizations mainly\n         include bulletins and reports. In 1921, Governor E. Lee\n         Trinkle appointed Adele Clark to the Commission on\n         Simplification of state Government. A few items of\n         correspondence, reports and bulletins, mostly from budget\n         director LeRoy Hodges, document the commission's work.","Materials that pertain to Prohibition and the National\n         recovery Administration consist almost entirely of newspaper\n         clippings. Minutes and resolutions from a meeting on economic\n         security held in Richmond on March 7, 1935, with Secretary of\n         Labor Frances Perkins precede miscellaneous information\n         concerning a variety of labor and racial issues. A transcript\n         of an interview (ca. 1920) with an ex-slave from Maryland is\n         found with this material. A folder of political miscellany and\n         one concerning Adele Clark's activities on behalf of the\n         Diocesan Council of Catholic Women conclude Adele Clark's\n         papers.","The papers of Adeline Harmon (Cowles) Cox (1907- ) and\n         miscellaneous family items are located at the end of box\n         2."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInclude scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Include scattered business and\n         personal correspondence, ca. 1916-1950, as well as newspaper\n         clippings, organizational minutes, notes and other published\n         and manuscript materials pertaining to a wide array of Clark's\n         political and artistic interests. Among the organizations with\n         which Miss Clark worked were the Equal Suffrage League of\n         Virginia, the League of Women Voters of Virginia, and the\n         Federal Art Project in Virginia. Correspondence, 1916-1940 and\n         1926-1939, with Nora Houston (1883-1942) and Willoughby Ions\n         (1881-1977) illuminates the relationship between women's\n         personal and professional networks and their political\n         activities. The correspondence, 1906-1929, of Clark's mother,\n         Estelle (Goodman) Clark (1847-1893) with her three daughters\n         offers insights into relationships between mothers and their\n         adult children. The collection also contains information on\n         teaching art history in a variety of contexts, on women's\n         suffrage and women's rights, and on other civic and political\n         activities."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00010_c04_c02_c12"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated, (1940s?)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c11","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00020_c04_c11"],"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c11","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00020","vihi_vih00020_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated,\n        (1940s?)","title_ssm":["Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated, (1940s?)"],"title_tesim":["Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated, (1940s?)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated, (1940s?)"],"text":["Augusta, Ga., plant operations (photographs), undated, (1940s?)","Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968","box-folder 2:50"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":54,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 2:50"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#10","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00020","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00020.xml","title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"text":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Mss1 C7604 a","Creosote.",".","Collection is open to research.","Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files","New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.","Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)","This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.","There are no restrictions.","The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"creators_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Vivion Conger LeBow, Arlington, Va., in 2007. Accessioned September 30, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creosote."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creosote."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\u003c!-- Add your institution's citation information --\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"names_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":173,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c11"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c17","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs), 1949","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c17","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00020_c04_c17"],"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c17","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00020","vihi_vih00020_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs),\n         1949","title_ssm":["Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs), 1949"],"title_tesim":["Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs), 1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs), 1949"],"text":["Augusta, Ga., plant, (photographs), 1949","Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968","box-folder 2:56"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":60,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 2:56"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#16","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00020","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00020.xml","title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"text":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979","Mss1 C7604 a","Creosote.",".","Collection is open to research.","Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files","New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.","Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)","This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.","There are no restrictions.","The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers, 1900-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C7604 a"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"creators_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Vivion Conger LeBow, Arlington, Va., in 2007. Accessioned September 30, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creosote."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creosote."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["New Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote.","Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.","He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\u003c!-- Add your institution's citation information --\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","Also, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"names_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":173,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c17"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Historical Society","value":"Virginia Historical Society","hits":635},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the J. 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