{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=women--education+--+Virginia\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=women--education+--+Virginia\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=women--education+--+Virginia\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":12,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Aubrey E. Strode papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_617.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/534","title_filing_ssi":"Strode, Aubrey E., papers","title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"text":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617","Aubrey E. Strode papers","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County","Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers","The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. ","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"creator_ssm":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creators_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Aubrey E. Strode papers were originally were placed on loan to the University of Virginia library by his wife, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith, on September 20, 1948, but were made a gift on June 15, 1971. Other smaller accessions were given to the Library to the original group of papers as gifts on January 25, 1961,June 14, 1971, and July 13, 1971."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChildren of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":889,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:39:34.639Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_617.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/534","title_filing_ssi":"Strode, Aubrey E., papers","title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"text":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617","Aubrey E. Strode papers","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County","Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers","The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. ","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"creator_ssm":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creators_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Aubrey E. Strode papers were originally were placed on loan to the University of Virginia library by his wife, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith, on September 20, 1948, but were made a gift on June 15, 1971. Other smaller accessions were given to the Library to the original group of papers as gifts on January 25, 1961,June 14, 1971, and July 13, 1971."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStrode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChildren of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. ","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. ","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. ","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":889,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:39:34.639Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1113","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Dale Hill Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1113#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dale Hill Papers contain recordings, notes, research material, forms, consent waivers, articles, and photographs all relating to the beginning of co-education at the University of Virginia. 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Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.","Dale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. She helped organize the events at Rosemont Manor and conducted severalinterviews with men and women from the coeducation class. Hill is currently a Senior Independent Consultant, Trustee, and Advisor to nonprofit organizations.","This collection is related to a new Co-educational Collection at University of Virginia MSS 16898.","The  Dale Hill  Papers contain recordings, notes, research material, forms, consent waivers, articles, and photographs all relating to the beginning of co-education at the  University of Virginia . The bulk of the materials are the audiovisual content, which were maintained previously on and digitized or transferred from audio cassette, DVD, CD, and flash drive carriers at the time the collection was donated to the Library.","The audiovisual content documents three events related to co-education. There are audio recordings from a 30th reunion celebration held in  2004  for the graduating class of  1974 . Women were encouraged to come to a microphone to share their experiences. There is unedited footage of the 2-day event, \"Celebrating the Women of the University: 40 Years of Full Co-Education, A Century of Accomplishments\" held on  2011 March 25-26 . The event included panel discussions hosted by the UVA Alumni Association, two of which are documented here. Panelists for the first presentation, \"U.Va. Decision Time: To Admit or Not to Admit... Women\", were all current or former UVA administrators with ties to coeducation decisions. Panelists for the second presentation, \"Wahoo Women: The Early Years\", were women alumnae from the first fully coeducated class admitted to the College in 1970. Also included are interviews of members of the Class of '74 (men and women) for an event hosted by  Dale Hill  called, \"Pioneer Women at Mr. Jefferson's University\", held at  Rosemont Manor  in  2012 March , as well as location footage from the event.","Interviewees and speakers are:  Dale Miller Hill ;  Terry Jasperson Lockhart ;  Barbara Lynn ; Professor  Edgar Olsen ;  Ann Brown ;  Lynn Chadwick ;  Wendy Weiss Newman ;  Nancy Crawford ;  Roxanne Sherbeck ;  Paul Fishbeck ;  Sharon Davie ;  Ernie Ern ;  Annette Gibbs ;  John Lowe ;  Kevin Mannix ;  Carolyn Jones Duval ;  Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn ;  Sandra Lewis ;  Betty Shotton ;  Katie Montgomery ;  Karen Davis Montgomery ;  Kris Kasselman ;  Pat Banson ;  Susan Gregory ;  Paulette Jones Morant ;  Rebecca Lieser ;  Lind Leatherbury ;  Nancy Forbes ;  Vicki Craig ;  Nancy Martin-Perdue ; and  Roseann Romito .","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16583","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1113"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dale Hill Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dale Hill Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Dale Hill Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Dale Hill to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on  July 14, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coeducation","Women in higher education","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Alumni"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coeducation","Women in higher education","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Alumni"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".4 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized document box","95.7 Gigabytes 18 optical disks and 1 thumb drive.","2 Cassettes 2 audio cassettes"],"extent_tesim":[".4 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized document box","95.7 Gigabytes 18 optical disks and 1 thumb drive.","2 Cassettes 2 audio cassettes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. She helped organize the events at Rosemont Manor and conducted severalinterviews with men and women from the coeducation class. Hill is currently a Senior Independent Consultant, Trustee, and Advisor to nonprofit organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. 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The bulk of the materials are the audiovisual content, which were maintained previously on and digitized or transferred from audio cassette, DVD, CD, and flash drive carriers at the time the collection was donated to the Library.","The audiovisual content documents three events related to co-education. There are audio recordings from a 30th reunion celebration held in  2004  for the graduating class of  1974 . Women were encouraged to come to a microphone to share their experiences. There is unedited footage of the 2-day event, \"Celebrating the Women of the University: 40 Years of Full Co-Education, A Century of Accomplishments\" held on  2011 March 25-26 . The event included panel discussions hosted by the UVA Alumni Association, two of which are documented here. Panelists for the first presentation, \"U.Va. Decision Time: To Admit or Not to Admit... Women\", were all current or former UVA administrators with ties to coeducation decisions. Panelists for the second presentation, \"Wahoo Women: The Early Years\", were women alumnae from the first fully coeducated class admitted to the College in 1970. Also included are interviews of members of the Class of '74 (men and women) for an event hosted by  Dale Hill  called, \"Pioneer Women at Mr. Jefferson's University\", held at  Rosemont Manor  in  2012 March , as well as location footage from the event.","Interviewees and speakers are:  Dale Miller Hill ;  Terry Jasperson Lockhart ;  Barbara Lynn ; Professor  Edgar Olsen ;  Ann Brown ;  Lynn Chadwick ;  Wendy Weiss Newman ;  Nancy Crawford ;  Roxanne Sherbeck ;  Paul Fishbeck ;  Sharon Davie ;  Ernie Ern ;  Annette Gibbs ;  John Lowe ;  Kevin Mannix ;  Carolyn Jones Duval ;  Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn ;  Sandra Lewis ;  Betty Shotton ;  Katie Montgomery ;  Karen Davis Montgomery ;  Kris Kasselman ;  Pat Banson ;  Susan Gregory ;  Paulette Jones Morant ;  Rebecca Lieser ;  Lind Leatherbury ;  Nancy Forbes ;  Vicki Craig ;  Nancy Martin-Perdue ; and  Roseann Romito ."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia"],"persname_ssim":["Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:37Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1113","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1113","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1113","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1113.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126075","title_filing_ssi":"Hill, Dale Papers","title_ssm":["Dale Hill Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dale Hill Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970s - 2010s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970s - 2010s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16583","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1113"],"text":["MSS 16583","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1113","Dale Hill Papers","women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Coeducation","Women in higher education","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Alumni","This collection is open for research.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.","Dale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. She helped organize the events at Rosemont Manor and conducted severalinterviews with men and women from the coeducation class. Hill is currently a Senior Independent Consultant, Trustee, and Advisor to nonprofit organizations.","This collection is related to a new Co-educational Collection at University of Virginia MSS 16898.","The  Dale Hill  Papers contain recordings, notes, research material, forms, consent waivers, articles, and photographs all relating to the beginning of co-education at the  University of Virginia . The bulk of the materials are the audiovisual content, which were maintained previously on and digitized or transferred from audio cassette, DVD, CD, and flash drive carriers at the time the collection was donated to the Library.","The audiovisual content documents three events related to co-education. There are audio recordings from a 30th reunion celebration held in  2004  for the graduating class of  1974 . Women were encouraged to come to a microphone to share their experiences. There is unedited footage of the 2-day event, \"Celebrating the Women of the University: 40 Years of Full Co-Education, A Century of Accomplishments\" held on  2011 March 25-26 . The event included panel discussions hosted by the UVA Alumni Association, two of which are documented here. Panelists for the first presentation, \"U.Va. Decision Time: To Admit or Not to Admit... Women\", were all current or former UVA administrators with ties to coeducation decisions. Panelists for the second presentation, \"Wahoo Women: The Early Years\", were women alumnae from the first fully coeducated class admitted to the College in 1970. Also included are interviews of members of the Class of '74 (men and women) for an event hosted by  Dale Hill  called, \"Pioneer Women at Mr. Jefferson's University\", held at  Rosemont Manor  in  2012 March , as well as location footage from the event.","Interviewees and speakers are:  Dale Miller Hill ;  Terry Jasperson Lockhart ;  Barbara Lynn ; Professor  Edgar Olsen ;  Ann Brown ;  Lynn Chadwick ;  Wendy Weiss Newman ;  Nancy Crawford ;  Roxanne Sherbeck ;  Paul Fishbeck ;  Sharon Davie ;  Ernie Ern ;  Annette Gibbs ;  John Lowe ;  Kevin Mannix ;  Carolyn Jones Duval ;  Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn ;  Sandra Lewis ;  Betty Shotton ;  Katie Montgomery ;  Karen Davis Montgomery ;  Kris Kasselman ;  Pat Banson ;  Susan Gregory ;  Paulette Jones Morant ;  Rebecca Lieser ;  Lind Leatherbury ;  Nancy Forbes ;  Vicki Craig ;  Nancy Martin-Perdue ; and  Roseann Romito .","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16583","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1113"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dale Hill Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dale Hill Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Dale Hill Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Dale Hill to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on  July 14, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coeducation","Women in higher education","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Alumni"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coeducation","Women in higher education","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Alumni"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".4 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized document box","95.7 Gigabytes 18 optical disks and 1 thumb drive.","2 Cassettes 2 audio cassettes"],"extent_tesim":[".4 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized document box","95.7 Gigabytes 18 optical disks and 1 thumb drive.","2 Cassettes 2 audio cassettes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request for  (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request)  to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. She helped organize the events at Rosemont Manor and conducted severalinterviews with men and women from the coeducation class. Hill is currently a Senior Independent Consultant, Trustee, and Advisor to nonprofit organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dale Miller Hill was part of the first class of women to attend the University of Virginia. She helped organize the events at Rosemont Manor and conducted severalinterviews with men and women from the coeducation class. Hill is currently a Senior Independent Consultant, Trustee, and Advisor to nonprofit organizations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16583, Dale Hill papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16583, Dale Hill papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related to a new Co-educational Collection at University of Virginia MSS 16898.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related to a new Co-educational Collection at University of Virginia MSS 16898."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cpersname\u003eDale Hill\u003c/persname\u003e Papers contain recordings, notes, research material, forms, consent waivers, articles, and photographs all relating to the beginning of co-education at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e. The bulk of the materials are the audiovisual content, which were maintained previously on and digitized or transferred from audio cassette, DVD, CD, and flash drive carriers at the time the collection was donated to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe audiovisual content documents three events related to co-education. There are audio recordings from a 30th reunion celebration held in \u003cdate\u003e2004\u003c/date\u003e for the graduating class of \u003cdate\u003e1974\u003c/date\u003e. Women were encouraged to come to a microphone to share their experiences. There is unedited footage of the 2-day event, \"Celebrating the Women of the University: 40 Years of Full Co-Education, A Century of Accomplishments\" held on \u003cdate\u003e2011 March 25-26\u003c/date\u003e. The event included panel discussions hosted by the UVA Alumni Association, two of which are documented here. Panelists for the first presentation, \"U.Va. Decision Time: To Admit or Not to Admit... Women\", were all current or former UVA administrators with ties to coeducation decisions. Panelists for the second presentation, \"Wahoo Women: The Early Years\", were women alumnae from the first fully coeducated class admitted to the College in 1970. Also included are interviews of members of the Class of '74 (men and women) for an event hosted by \u003cpersname\u003eDale Hill\u003c/persname\u003e called, \"Pioneer Women at Mr. Jefferson's University\", held at \u003cgeogname\u003eRosemont Manor\u003c/geogname\u003e in \u003cdate\u003e2012 March\u003c/date\u003e, as well as location footage from the event.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInterviewees and speakers are: \u003cpersname\u003eDale Miller Hill\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eTerry Jasperson Lockhart\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eBarbara Lynn\u003c/persname\u003e; Professor \u003cpersname\u003eEdgar Olsen\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eAnn Brown\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eLynn Chadwick\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eWendy Weiss Newman\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eNancy Crawford\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eRoxanne Sherbeck\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003ePaul Fishbeck\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eSharon Davie\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eErnie Ern\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eAnnette Gibbs\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lowe\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eKevin Mannix\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eCarolyn Jones Duval\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eCynthia Goodrich Kuhn\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eSandra Lewis\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eBetty Shotton\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eKatie Montgomery\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eKaren Davis Montgomery\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eKris Kasselman\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003ePat Banson\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eSusan Gregory\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003ePaulette Jones Morant\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eRebecca Lieser\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eLind Leatherbury\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eNancy Forbes\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eVicki Craig\u003c/persname\u003e; \u003cpersname\u003eNancy Martin-Perdue\u003c/persname\u003e; and \u003cpersname\u003eRoseann Romito\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The  Dale Hill  Papers contain recordings, notes, research material, forms, consent waivers, articles, and photographs all relating to the beginning of co-education at the  University of Virginia . The bulk of the materials are the audiovisual content, which were maintained previously on and digitized or transferred from audio cassette, DVD, CD, and flash drive carriers at the time the collection was donated to the Library.","The audiovisual content documents three events related to co-education. There are audio recordings from a 30th reunion celebration held in  2004  for the graduating class of  1974 . Women were encouraged to come to a microphone to share their experiences. There is unedited footage of the 2-day event, \"Celebrating the Women of the University: 40 Years of Full Co-Education, A Century of Accomplishments\" held on  2011 March 25-26 . The event included panel discussions hosted by the UVA Alumni Association, two of which are documented here. Panelists for the first presentation, \"U.Va. Decision Time: To Admit or Not to Admit... Women\", were all current or former UVA administrators with ties to coeducation decisions. Panelists for the second presentation, \"Wahoo Women: The Early Years\", were women alumnae from the first fully coeducated class admitted to the College in 1970. Also included are interviews of members of the Class of '74 (men and women) for an event hosted by  Dale Hill  called, \"Pioneer Women at Mr. Jefferson's University\", held at  Rosemont Manor  in  2012 March , as well as location footage from the event.","Interviewees and speakers are:  Dale Miller Hill ;  Terry Jasperson Lockhart ;  Barbara Lynn ; Professor  Edgar Olsen ;  Ann Brown ;  Lynn Chadwick ;  Wendy Weiss Newman ;  Nancy Crawford ;  Roxanne Sherbeck ;  Paul Fishbeck ;  Sharon Davie ;  Ernie Ern ;  Annette Gibbs ;  John Lowe ;  Kevin Mannix ;  Carolyn Jones Duval ;  Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn ;  Sandra Lewis ;  Betty Shotton ;  Katie Montgomery ;  Karen Davis Montgomery ;  Kris Kasselman ;  Pat Banson ;  Susan Gregory ;  Paulette Jones Morant ;  Rebecca Lieser ;  Lind Leatherbury ;  Nancy Forbes ;  Vicki Craig ;  Nancy Martin-Perdue ; and  Roseann Romito ."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia"],"persname_ssim":["Dale Hill","Dale Miller Hill","Terry Jasperson Lockhart","Barbara Lynn","Edgar Olsen","Ann Brown","Lynn Chadwick","Wendy Weiss Newman","Nancy Crawford","Roxanne Sherbeck","Paul Fishbeck","Sharon Davie","Ernie Ern","Annette Gibbs","John Lowe","Kevin Mannix","Carolyn Jones Duval","Cynthia Goodrich Kuhn","Sandra Lewis","Betty Shotton","Katie Montgomery","Karen Davis Montgomery","Kris Kasselman","Pat Banson","Susan Gregory","Paulette Jones Morant","Rebecca Lieser","Lind Leatherbury","Nancy Forbes","Vicki Craig","Nancy Martin-Perdue","Roseann Romito"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:37Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1113"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1585","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1585#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the four documetnary style episodes of the Gritty Women podcast series, by Giovana Benatto de Oliveira, and one audio file of an interview used to create the episodes. Each episode includes segments of interviews conducted by the podcast's creator. The podcast explores the history, and legal, political, and social context of UVA's coeducation, and balances both scholarly and personal perspectives through interviews with both scholars and first women admits. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1585#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1585","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1585","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1585","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1585","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1585.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192243","title_filing_ssi":"Gritty Women Podcast Series Files","title_ssm":["Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings"],"title_tesim":["Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings"],"unitdate_ssm":["2020-08-25-2021-05-23"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2020-08-25-2021-05-23"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16806","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1585"],"text":["MSS 16806","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1585","Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings","University of Virginia -- Co-education","women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Women in higher education","podcast series","Good","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Podcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:","https://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/","https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w","The first four files are arranged by the podcast episode numbers, and are followed by the audio recording of a full interview.","1. Episode 1 - The Beginning of Coeducation\n2. Episode 2 - On the Basis of Sex\n3. Episode 3 - The 60s\n4. Episode 4 - The Weekend Question\n5. Ernest Ern Interview","The documentary style podcast series was created, produced, and hosted by  Giovana Benatto de Oliveira , a fourth year at the  University of Virginia  at the time of the production, for a thesis project. The creator's inspiration for the title comes from a statement made by the Dean of Admissions at the time,  Ernie Ern : when admitting the first class of women into the College of Arts and Sciences, he said that he was looking for women with \"grit.\" ","Reference:\nGiovana De Oliveira","This collection contains the four documetnary style episodes of the Gritty Women podcast series, by  Giovana Benatto de Oliveira , and one audio file of an interview used to create the episodes. Each episode includes segments of interviews conducted by the podcast's creator. The podcast explores the history, and legal, political, and social context of UVA's coeducation, and balances both scholarly and personal perspectives through interviews with both scholars and first women admits. ","The podcast is divided into four episodes which examine UVA's decision to begin coeducation. The first episode focuses on the institutional decision-making process and the discussions happening within the walls of the University from  1967 - 1970 . In interviews with  Ernest Ern , the Dean of Admissions 1967-1973, and with Ann Brown (class  1974 ), alumni from first coeducational class, the episode explains what pushed these institutional leaders to support coeducation, and how they dealt with those who vehemently opposed it. ","The second episode focuses on the  1969  lawsuit, Kirstein v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, when  Virginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott  sued for her admission into the College of Arts in Sciences, and includes interviews with  Anne Coughlin  who teaches criminal law and procedure and feminist jurisprudence at the University of Virginia School of Law, and  Ann Brown  (class '74). It also explores the local and national legal landscape of the 60s/70s, and national legal trends that made coeducation an imperative at the University of Virginia. ","The third episode focuses on the political and social climate of that era. Interviews with Professor  Melody Barnes , Co-Director for Policy and Public Affairs at UA's Democracy Initiative,  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74),  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Daniel Sullivan  (Law '70),  Charles Vasaly  (Law '70), and  Ann Brown  (class '74), explain some of the context that created a societal consensus in favor of coeducation. ","The fourth examines the experiences of some alumni from the first coeducational class. This episode includes interviews with  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74), Barbara Lynn (class '73), alumnus from first coeducational class and the first woman to be admitted into the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society, and an anonymous alumnus (class '74). ","\nReference list:","Giovana De Oliveira","Virginia Audio Collective.(n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. WTJU. https://virginiaaudio.org/#/gritty-women/","WTJU. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Soundcloud. https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","Apple Podcasts. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Apple. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","Spotify Shows. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Spotify. https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w\u0026nd=1","Donor retains ownership of and all copyright for the materials, but grants the University a nonexclusive right to authorize all uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution, Non-commercial license.","Podcast episodes are available to the public online.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Giovana Benatto de Oliveira","Ernest Ern","Virginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott","Anne Coughlin","Ann Brown","Melody Barnes","Blake Morant","Paulette Morant","Betty McGehee","Daniel Sullivan","Charles Vasaly","Ernie Ern","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16806","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1585"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings"],"collection_ssim":["Gritty Women Podcast Series Recordings"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor retains ownership of and all copyright for the materials, but grants the University a nonexclusive right to authorize all uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution, Non-commercial license.","Podcast episodes are available to the public online."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in higher education","podcast series"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in higher education","podcast series"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".953 Gigabytes 5 files (4 mp3, 1 wav)"],"extent_tesim":[".953 Gigabytes 5 files (4 mp3, 1 wav)"],"genreform_ssim":["podcast series"],"date_range_isim":[2020,2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePodcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Podcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:","https://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/","https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first four files are arranged by the podcast episode numbers, and are followed by the audio recording of a full interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Episode 1 - The Beginning of Coeducation\n2. Episode 2 - On the Basis of Sex\n3. Episode 3 - The 60s\n4. Episode 4 - The Weekend Question\n5. Ernest Ern Interview\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The first four files are arranged by the podcast episode numbers, and are followed by the audio recording of a full interview.","1. Episode 1 - The Beginning of Coeducation\n2. Episode 2 - On the Basis of Sex\n3. Episode 3 - The 60s\n4. Episode 4 - The Weekend Question\n5. Ernest Ern Interview"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe documentary style podcast series was created, produced, and hosted by \u003cpersname\u003eGiovana Benatto de Oliveira\u003c/persname\u003e, a fourth year at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e at the time of the production, for a thesis project. The creator's inspiration for the title comes from a statement made by the Dean of Admissions at the time, \u003cpersname\u003eErnie Ern\u003c/persname\u003e: when admitting the first class of women into the College of Arts and Sciences, he said that he was looking for women with \"grit.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReference:\nGiovana De Oliveira\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The documentary style podcast series was created, produced, and hosted by  Giovana Benatto de Oliveira , a fourth year at the  University of Virginia  at the time of the production, for a thesis project. The creator's inspiration for the title comes from a statement made by the Dean of Admissions at the time,  Ernie Ern : when admitting the first class of women into the College of Arts and Sciences, he said that he was looking for women with \"grit.\" ","Reference:\nGiovana De Oliveira"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16806, Gritty Women Podcast Series Files, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16806, Gritty Women Podcast Series Files, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the four documetnary style episodes of the Gritty Women podcast series, by \u003cpersname\u003eGiovana Benatto de Oliveira\u003c/persname\u003e, and one audio file of an interview used to create the episodes. Each episode includes segments of interviews conducted by the podcast's creator. The podcast explores the history, and legal, political, and social context of UVA's coeducation, and balances both scholarly and personal perspectives through interviews with both scholars and first women admits. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe podcast is divided into four episodes which examine UVA's decision to begin coeducation. The first episode focuses on the institutional decision-making process and the discussions happening within the walls of the University from \u003cdate\u003e1967\u003c/date\u003e-\u003cdate\u003e1970\u003c/date\u003e. In interviews with \u003cpersname\u003eErnest Ern\u003c/persname\u003e, the Dean of Admissions 1967-1973, and with Ann Brown (class \u003cdate\u003e1974\u003c/date\u003e), alumni from first coeducational class, the episode explains what pushed these institutional leaders to support coeducation, and how they dealt with those who vehemently opposed it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second episode focuses on the \u003cdate\u003e1969\u003c/date\u003e lawsuit, Kirstein v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, when \u003cpersname\u003eVirginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott\u003c/persname\u003e sued for her admission into the College of Arts in Sciences, and includes interviews with \u003cpersname\u003eAnne Coughlin\u003c/persname\u003e who teaches criminal law and procedure and feminist jurisprudence at the University of Virginia School of Law, and \u003cpersname\u003eAnn Brown\u003c/persname\u003e (class '74). It also explores the local and national legal landscape of the 60s/70s, and national legal trends that made coeducation an imperative at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third episode focuses on the political and social climate of that era. Interviews with Professor \u003cpersname\u003eMelody Barnes\u003c/persname\u003e, Co-Director for Policy and Public Affairs at UA's Democracy Initiative, \u003cpersname\u003eBlake Morant\u003c/persname\u003e (class '75), \u003cpersname\u003ePaulette Morant\u003c/persname\u003e (class '74), \u003cpersname\u003eBetty McGehee\u003c/persname\u003e (School of Education '71), \u003cpersname\u003eDaniel Sullivan\u003c/persname\u003e (Law '70), \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Vasaly\u003c/persname\u003e (Law '70), and \u003cpersname\u003eAnn Brown\u003c/persname\u003e (class '74), explain some of the context that created a societal consensus in favor of coeducation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth examines the experiences of some alumni from the first coeducational class. This episode includes interviews with \u003cpersname\u003eBetty McGehee\u003c/persname\u003e (School of Education '71), \u003cpersname\u003eBlake Morant\u003c/persname\u003e (class '75), \u003cpersname\u003ePaulette Morant\u003c/persname\u003e (class '74), Barbara Lynn (class '73), alumnus from first coeducational class and the first woman to be admitted into the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society, and an anonymous alumnus (class '74). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nReference list:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGiovana De Oliveira\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Audio Collective.(n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. WTJU. https://virginiaaudio.org/#/gritty-women/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWTJU. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Soundcloud. https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApple Podcasts. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Apple. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpotify Shows. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Spotify. https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w\u0026amp;nd=1\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the four documetnary style episodes of the Gritty Women podcast series, by  Giovana Benatto de Oliveira , and one audio file of an interview used to create the episodes. Each episode includes segments of interviews conducted by the podcast's creator. The podcast explores the history, and legal, political, and social context of UVA's coeducation, and balances both scholarly and personal perspectives through interviews with both scholars and first women admits. ","The podcast is divided into four episodes which examine UVA's decision to begin coeducation. The first episode focuses on the institutional decision-making process and the discussions happening within the walls of the University from  1967 - 1970 . In interviews with  Ernest Ern , the Dean of Admissions 1967-1973, and with Ann Brown (class  1974 ), alumni from first coeducational class, the episode explains what pushed these institutional leaders to support coeducation, and how they dealt with those who vehemently opposed it. ","The second episode focuses on the  1969  lawsuit, Kirstein v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, when  Virginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott  sued for her admission into the College of Arts in Sciences, and includes interviews with  Anne Coughlin  who teaches criminal law and procedure and feminist jurisprudence at the University of Virginia School of Law, and  Ann Brown  (class '74). It also explores the local and national legal landscape of the 60s/70s, and national legal trends that made coeducation an imperative at the University of Virginia. ","The third episode focuses on the political and social climate of that era. Interviews with Professor  Melody Barnes , Co-Director for Policy and Public Affairs at UA's Democracy Initiative,  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74),  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Daniel Sullivan  (Law '70),  Charles Vasaly  (Law '70), and  Ann Brown  (class '74), explain some of the context that created a societal consensus in favor of coeducation. ","The fourth examines the experiences of some alumni from the first coeducational class. 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Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Podcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:","https://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/","https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w","The first four files are arranged by the podcast episode numbers, and are followed by the audio recording of a full interview.","1. Episode 1 - The Beginning of Coeducation\n2. Episode 2 - On the Basis of Sex\n3. Episode 3 - The 60s\n4. 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The podcast explores the history, and legal, political, and social context of UVA's coeducation, and balances both scholarly and personal perspectives through interviews with both scholars and first women admits. ","The podcast is divided into four episodes which examine UVA's decision to begin coeducation. The first episode focuses on the institutional decision-making process and the discussions happening within the walls of the University from  1967 - 1970 . In interviews with  Ernest Ern , the Dean of Admissions 1967-1973, and with Ann Brown (class  1974 ), alumni from first coeducational class, the episode explains what pushed these institutional leaders to support coeducation, and how they dealt with those who vehemently opposed it. ","The second episode focuses on the  1969  lawsuit, Kirstein v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, when  Virginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott  sued for her admission into the College of Arts in Sciences, and includes interviews with  Anne Coughlin  who teaches criminal law and procedure and feminist jurisprudence at the University of Virginia School of Law, and  Ann Brown  (class '74). It also explores the local and national legal landscape of the 60s/70s, and national legal trends that made coeducation an imperative at the University of Virginia. ","The third episode focuses on the political and social climate of that era. Interviews with Professor  Melody Barnes , Co-Director for Policy and Public Affairs at UA's Democracy Initiative,  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74),  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Daniel Sullivan  (Law '70),  Charles Vasaly  (Law '70), and  Ann Brown  (class '74), explain some of the context that created a societal consensus in favor of coeducation. 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Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePodcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Podcast episodes are available online at the following web addresses:","https://virginiaaudio.org/gritty-women/","https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","https://open.spotify.com/show/1i08wEQTvVYcapoCeyVCz2?si=892PbaeTQ06jvkp3BLCa4w"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first four files are arranged by the podcast episode numbers, and are followed by the audio recording of a full interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. 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The creator's inspiration for the title comes from a statement made by the Dean of Admissions at the time,  Ernie Ern : when admitting the first class of women into the College of Arts and Sciences, he said that he was looking for women with \"grit.\" ","Reference:\nGiovana De Oliveira"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16806, Gritty Women Podcast Series Files, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16806, Gritty Women Podcast Series Files, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the four documetnary style episodes of the Gritty Women podcast series, by \u003cpersname\u003eGiovana Benatto de Oliveira\u003c/persname\u003e, and one audio file of an interview used to create the episodes. Each episode includes segments of interviews conducted by the podcast's creator. 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The first episode focuses on the institutional decision-making process and the discussions happening within the walls of the University from  1967 - 1970 . In interviews with  Ernest Ern , the Dean of Admissions 1967-1973, and with Ann Brown (class  1974 ), alumni from first coeducational class, the episode explains what pushed these institutional leaders to support coeducation, and how they dealt with those who vehemently opposed it. ","The second episode focuses on the  1969  lawsuit, Kirstein v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, when  Virginia \"Anne\" Ginger Scott  sued for her admission into the College of Arts in Sciences, and includes interviews with  Anne Coughlin  who teaches criminal law and procedure and feminist jurisprudence at the University of Virginia School of Law, and  Ann Brown  (class '74). It also explores the local and national legal landscape of the 60s/70s, and national legal trends that made coeducation an imperative at the University of Virginia. ","The third episode focuses on the political and social climate of that era. Interviews with Professor  Melody Barnes , Co-Director for Policy and Public Affairs at UA's Democracy Initiative,  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74),  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Daniel Sullivan  (Law '70),  Charles Vasaly  (Law '70), and  Ann Brown  (class '74), explain some of the context that created a societal consensus in favor of coeducation. ","The fourth examines the experiences of some alumni from the first coeducational class. This episode includes interviews with  Betty McGehee  (School of Education '71),  Blake Morant  (class '75),  Paulette Morant  (class '74), Barbara Lynn (class '73), alumnus from first coeducational class and the first woman to be admitted into the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society, and an anonymous alumnus (class '74). ","\nReference list:","Giovana De Oliveira","Virginia Audio Collective.(n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. WTJU. https://virginiaaudio.org/#/gritty-women/","WTJU. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Soundcloud. https://soundcloud.com/wtju/sets/gritty-women","Apple Podcasts. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. Apple. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gritty-women/id1566917902","Spotify Shows. (n.d.). Giovana De Oliveira - Gritty Women [Podcast series]. 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Contents include a program to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon; a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1445#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1445.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147864","title_filing_ssi":"duVal, Julia Ellen papers","title_ssm":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"title_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445"],"text":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445","Julia Ellen duVal papers","women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg","University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","Julia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  ","Resources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  ","Tift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  ","This collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. Contents include a program  to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon;  a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"collection_ssim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Louise Scott Steele to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on September 25, 2012 and November 1, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 Cubic Feet 4 letter-sized file folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 Cubic Feet 4 letter-sized file folders"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  ","Resources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  ","Tift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15477, Julia duVal papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15477, Julia duVal papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. Contents include a program  to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon;  a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. Contents include a program  to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon;  a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:39:34.639Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1445","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1445.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147864","title_filing_ssi":"duVal, Julia Ellen papers","title_ssm":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"title_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445"],"text":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445","Julia Ellen duVal papers","women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg","University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","Julia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  ","Resources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  ","Tift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  ","This collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. Contents include a program  to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon;  a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15477","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1445"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"collection_ssim":["Julia Ellen duVal papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Louise Scott Steele to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on September 25, 2012 and November 1, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","Women --Societies and Clubs","Women -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 Cubic Feet 4 letter-sized file folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 Cubic Feet 4 letter-sized file folders"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julia Ellen duVal was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on June 16, 1891. She graduated from Lynchburg High School in June 1910. She then attended Randolph-Macon Women's College, also in Lynchburg, graduating in 1914 and receiving a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1924, when she submitted a thesis on May 15. She also attended the Berlitz School of Languages in Washington, D. C. She taught at Bessie Tift College (now Mercer University) in Forsyth, Georgia, from 1928 to 1929, where she was Assistant Professor of French. duVal died on January 1, 1929, in Lynchburg. She is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery.  ","Resources\n\"Julia Ellen duVal.\" Find A Grave. Accessed 5 December 2025.  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97549345/julia-ellen-duval  ","Tift College. Tift College Catalog, 1928-1929. 1928.Mercer University Libraries. Accessed https://galileo-mum.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01GALI_MUM/7csvfd/alma991005707448105956  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15477, Julia duVal papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15477, Julia duVal papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. 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There are also two letters to her brother, Gabriel duVal, dated May 6 and May 8, 1916, and an undated letter to Julia from an aunt. Also included is a scripture book dated 1890 and several blank undated postcards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Julia duVal, dating from 1890 to 1930. Contents include a program  to the Lynchburg High School 1910 graduation; an invitation to the Randolph-Macon Women's College 1914 graduation ceremony; a typescript copy of duVal's 1924 University of Virginia Master's thesis on Jane Austen titled \"Jane Austen: the determining influences of her life on her works;\" a handwritten eulogy for duVal; a photograph of duVal in her academic regalia; the 1912/1913 issue of the Randolph-Macon catalog; an issue of \"The Campus Quill\" from Bessie Tift College, in which duVal's death is announced; five photographs of Julia at Randolph-Macon;  a Randolph-Macon postcard addressed to her father, R.A. duVal. This collection also contains three letters from duVal to her parents, dated 1916, describing Columbia University, St. John the Divine cathedral, sightseeing, and mentioning the infantile paralysis epidemic in New York City and her fears of carrying the contagion if she comes home. 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Margaret was possibly a student in the Nursing program as the address on the program notes \" McKim Hall, University Hospt.\" Women were only able to attend the University of Virginia in one of the professional schools or graduate programs at that time. The postcard is a winter scene of the Rotunda.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1562#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1562","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1562","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1562","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1562","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1562.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191419","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Louise, postcard","title_ssm":["Louise Davis postcard"],"title_tesim":["Louise Davis postcard"],"unitdate_ssm":["September 19, 1934"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 19, 1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16800","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1562"],"text":["MSS 16800","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1562","Louise Davis postcard","University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.)","women--education -- Virginia","The University of Virginia School of Nursing was founded in 1901. In 1928, the first baccalaureate nursing program in the South began at the University of Virginia. McKim Hall, a dormitory for nursing students at the University was built in 1931.","This collection consists of one postcard sent to Louise Davis from a new student (Margaret?) living in McKim Hall at the University of Virginia, dated September 19, 1934. Margaret was possibly a student in the Nursing program as the address on the program notes \" McKim Hall, University Hospt.\"  Women were only able to attend the University of Virginia in one of the professional schools or graduate programs at that time. 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Winston. The letter, unsigned, describes her travel to and her experience of the Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute. The Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute, chartered in 1837, was the first college for women in Virginia and was attended by both Winston sisters. In the letter, the writer describes the sisters' trip to the institute, shares her first impressions, comments on changes at the school, and discusses various teachers, messages, financial matters, and course study.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter measures 9.75\" X 7.75\" and is three pages. There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from a young woman, either Lucy or Ella Winston, to her mother, Martha A. Winston. 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There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1208"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1842#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Auger Down Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1842#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college. There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1842#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1842.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239515","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album","title_ssm":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842"],"text":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842","Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums","This collection is open for research.","Randolph-Macon Woman's College was among the earliest liberal arts institutions for women in the southern United States. It was founded by William Waugh Smith, then-president of Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, in response to the original institution's refusal to admit women. Smith's vision led to the development of a separate campus dedicated to women's education, situated on a 100-acre site overlooking the James River. The college officially opened in 1893 and enjoyed a reputation for academic excellence, offering a rigorous curriculum in the humanities, sciences, and fine arts. Randolph-Macon Woman's College's most accomplished alumna, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning writer and humanitarian Pearl S. Buck, attended from 1911 to 1914. ","This material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface.  \n  ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Randolph College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creators_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from  Auger Down Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 October 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One small oversized flat box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One small oversized flat box"],"dimensions_tesim":["Album measures 9.5 X 15 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph-Macon Woman's College was among the earliest liberal arts institutions for women in the southern United States. It was founded by William Waugh Smith, then-president of Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, in response to the original institution's refusal to admit women. Smith's vision led to the development of a separate campus dedicated to women's education, situated on a 100-acre site overlooking the James River. The college officially opened in 1893 and enjoyed a reputation for academic excellence, offering a rigorous curriculum in the humanities, sciences, and fine arts. Randolph-Macon Woman's College's most accomplished alumna, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning writer and humanitarian Pearl S. Buck, attended from 1911 to 1914. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College was among the earliest liberal arts institutions for women in the southern United States. It was founded by William Waugh Smith, then-president of Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, in response to the original institution's refusal to admit women. Smith's vision led to the development of a separate campus dedicated to women's education, situated on a 100-acre site overlooking the James River. The college officially opened in 1893 and enjoyed a reputation for academic excellence, offering a rigorous curriculum in the humanities, sciences, and fine arts. Randolph-Macon Woman's College's most accomplished alumna, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning writer and humanitarian Pearl S. Buck, attended from 1911 to 1914. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16930, Randolph-Macon's Woman College, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16930, Randolph-Macon's Woman College, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface.  \n  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface.  \n  "],"names_coll_ssim":["Auger Down Books","Randolph College"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Randolph College"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Randolph College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:28.924Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1842","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1842.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239515","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album","title_ssm":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842"],"text":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842","Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums","This collection is open for research.","Randolph-Macon Woman's College was among the earliest liberal arts institutions for women in the southern United States. It was founded by William Waugh Smith, then-president of Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, in response to the original institution's refusal to admit women. Smith's vision led to the development of a separate campus dedicated to women's education, situated on a 100-acre site overlooking the James River. The college officially opened in 1893 and enjoyed a reputation for academic excellence, offering a rigorous curriculum in the humanities, sciences, and fine arts. Randolph-Macon Woman's College's most accomplished alumna, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning writer and humanitarian Pearl S. Buck, attended from 1911 to 1914. ","This material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface.  \n  ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Randolph College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16930","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1842"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph-Macon Woman's College photograph album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creators_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from  Auger Down Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 October 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in higher education"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet One small oversized flat box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet One small oversized flat box"],"dimensions_tesim":["Album measures 9.5 X 15 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph-Macon Woman's College was among the earliest liberal arts institutions for women in the southern United States. 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Buck, attended from 1911 to 1914. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16930, Randolph-Macon's Woman College, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16930, Randolph-Macon's Woman College, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. One page of photographs titled \"Milestones, 1913\" contains two photos of students in blackface.  \n  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This material contains images of racist imagery. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials. This collection includes a photograph album compiled from 1910 to 1913 documenting the Randolph-Macon Woman's College, now called Randolph College, in Lynchburg, Virginia. It contains approximately 274 photos, mainly measuring 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches and smaller, with some small panoramas. All photographs have numbers written in silver ink, and many are captioned. The creator of the album is unknown. This album features pasted, dated, and captioned photographs documenting student life. The pictures include images of sports events, Greek life, many themed parties, including Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese parties -- the latter with a photo of Sieu-tsung Lok, the first Asian student from China. There are photos of organized events like May Day, Field Day, and graduation celebrations. Also captured are a variety of plays put on by the students. There are also two photographs of an unidentified Black man who may have been a porter at the college.  There are also landscapes around Virginia and exterior shots of the campus buildings. 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Also included are loose materials such as newsletters, schedules of club programs, a list of benefit contributors, and a card.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_1648#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_1648","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_1648","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_1648","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_1648","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_1648.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196413","title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.85","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/1648"],"text":["MS.85","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/1648","University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records","women--education -- Virginia"," Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","University of Virginia","The materials are in good condition.","No known access restrictions.","This collection is arranged chronologically. There are no series to this collection.","The University of Virginia Faculty Wives' Club was established in 1948 as a way of becoming more familiar with their husbands' academic lives, getting to know new people, attending lectures, and taking part in various interest groups, such as making tray favors, book clubs, playing cards, and exercise groups. Several decades later, the Club initated philanthropic pursuits and took on charitable projects. ","Some members mentioned in the collection are: Jo Sipes, Anita Read, Cynthia Foster, Bonnie Marshall, Dorothea Kelly, Donna deHoll, Liz Heslin, Sandi Burk, Lucille Albee, Marjorie Risk Crispell, Ann Lee, Susie Seeds, Bea Russell, Debbie Coleman, Sue Kopher, Susal Saul, Shirley Kittredge, Susan Williams, Beth Ansell, Cindy Braintwain, Linda Overton, and Wenche Wilkins. Members and their elected positions for various years can be found in the scrapbook. ","This collection consists of a scrapbook containing invitations, newspaper clippings, club by-laws, correspondence, photographs, and dinner menus. Also included are loose materials such as newsletters, schedules of club programs, a list of benefit contributors, and a card.","No known use restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.85","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/1648"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Wives Club records"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known use restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":[" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":[" Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The materials are in good condition."],"extent_ssm":[".25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":[".25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No known access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically. There are no series to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically. There are no series to this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia Faculty Wives' Club was established in 1948 as a way of becoming more familiar with their husbands' academic lives, getting to know new people, attending lectures, and taking part in various interest groups, such as making tray favors, book clubs, playing cards, and exercise groups. Several decades later, the Club initated philanthropic pursuits and took on charitable projects. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome members mentioned in the collection are: Jo Sipes, Anita Read, Cynthia Foster, Bonnie Marshall, Dorothea Kelly, Donna deHoll, Liz Heslin, Sandi Burk, Lucille Albee, Marjorie Risk Crispell, Ann Lee, Susie Seeds, Bea Russell, Debbie Coleman, Sue Kopher, Susal Saul, Shirley Kittredge, Susan Williams, Beth Ansell, Cindy Braintwain, Linda Overton, and Wenche Wilkins. Members and their elected positions for various years can be found in the scrapbook. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University of Virginia Faculty Wives' Club was established in 1948 as a way of becoming more familiar with their husbands' academic lives, getting to know new people, attending lectures, and taking part in various interest groups, such as making tray favors, book clubs, playing cards, and exercise groups. 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