{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia+--+History\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia+--+History\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia+--+History\u0026page=2\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":14,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1422","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1422#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials collected by Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam in his role as University of Virginia Historian. 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After graduation, he joined the Counter-Intelligence Corps and was sent to Germany in search of Soviet spies. He briefly attended graduate schools but left by his second year and then taught at St. Christopher's in Richmond followed by the Foreign Service. He was posted in Tel Aviv and later Chad. Sandy began working at UVA in 1974, working until his retirement in 2014. He was the History and Protocol Officer at the time of his retirement.","This collection contains materials collected by Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam in his role as University of Virginia Historian. Included are professional and personal correspondence, lectures, notes, letters, clippings, and promotional material. This addition pertains to committee's he served on, lectures and papers he produced about the University of Virginia, correspondence with guests to the university, correspondence to Gilliam on a variety of topics including his retirement, recipients of the Alexander Gilliam Medical Scholarship, and other correspondents. Also included are promotional materials and ephemera collected from events at the University like the Inauguration of President Ryan and the retirement of faculty. It also includes the book \"Recollections of a Virginia Gentleman\" by Lawrence Grim, Jr. ","This is part of RG 2/6: RG 2: Office of the President Series 6: Special Assistants and Assistant to the President. ","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the University of Virginia. Permission to publish or\nreproduce materials in this collection must be secured from repository.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 2/6/1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1422"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the University of Virginia. 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After graduation, he joined the Counter-Intelligence Corps and was sent to Germany in search of Soviet spies. He briefly attended graduate schools but left by his second year and then taught at St. Christopher's in Richmond followed by the Foreign Service. He was posted in Tel Aviv and later Chad. Sandy began working at UVA in 1974, working until his retirement in 2014. He was the History and Protocol Officer at the time of his retirement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander G. \"Sandy\" Gilliam Jr.  studied history at the University of Virginia, graduating in 1955.  After graduation, he joined the Counter-Intelligence Corps and was sent to Germany in search of Soviet spies. He briefly attended graduate schools but left by his second year and then taught at St. Christopher's in Richmond followed by the Foreign Service. He was posted in Tel Aviv and later Chad. Sandy began working at UVA in 1974, working until his retirement in 2014. He was the History and Protocol Officer at the time of his retirement."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG 2/6/1 Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers, box number, folder number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["RG 2/6/1 Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam papers, box number, folder number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials collected by Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam in his role as University of Virginia Historian. Included are professional and personal correspondence, lectures, notes, letters, clippings, and promotional material. 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After graduation, he joined the Counter-Intelligence Corps and was sent to Germany in search of Soviet spies. He briefly attended graduate schools but left by his second year and then taught at St. Christopher's in Richmond followed by the Foreign Service. He was posted in Tel Aviv and later Chad. Sandy began working at UVA in 1974, working until his retirement in 2014. He was the History and Protocol Officer at the time of his retirement.","This collection contains materials collected by Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam in his role as University of Virginia Historian. Included are professional and personal correspondence, lectures, notes, letters, clippings, and promotional material. This addition pertains to committee's he served on, lectures and papers he produced about the University of Virginia, correspondence with guests to the university, correspondence to Gilliam on a variety of topics including his retirement, recipients of the Alexander Gilliam Medical Scholarship, and other correspondents. Also included are promotional materials and ephemera collected from events at the University like the Inauguration of President Ryan and the retirement of faculty. It also includes the book \"Recollections of a Virginia Gentleman\" by Lawrence Grim, Jr. ","This is part of RG 2/6: RG 2: Office of the President Series 6: Special Assistants and Assistant to the President. ","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the University of Virginia. 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This addition pertains to committee's he served on, lectures and papers he produced about the University of Virginia, correspondence with guests to the university, correspondence to Gilliam on a variety of topics including his retirement, recipients of the Alexander Gilliam Medical Scholarship, and other correspondents. Also included are promotional materials and ephemera collected from events at the University like the Inauguration of President Ryan and the retirement of faculty. It also includes the book \"Recollections of a Virginia Gentleman\" by Lawrence Grim, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis is part of RG 2/6: RG 2: Office of the President Series 6: Special Assistants and Assistant to the President. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials collected by Alexander \"Sandy\" Gilliam in his role as University of Virginia Historian. Included are professional and personal correspondence, lectures, notes, letters, clippings, and promotional material. This addition pertains to committee's he served on, lectures and papers he produced about the University of Virginia, correspondence with guests to the university, correspondence to Gilliam on a variety of topics including his retirement, recipients of the Alexander Gilliam Medical Scholarship, and other correspondents. Also included are promotional materials and ephemera collected from events at the University like the Inauguration of President Ryan and the retirement of faculty. It also includes the book \"Recollections of a Virginia Gentleman\" by Lawrence Grim, Jr. ","This is part of RG 2/6: RG 2: Office of the President Series 6: Special Assistants and Assistant to the President. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAny rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the University of Virginia. 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The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1212","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Darius T. and Theodore J. 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Wool memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1868-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1868-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.03","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1212"],"text":["MSS.2021.03","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1212","Darius T. and Theodore J. Wool memorabilia","University of Virginia -- History","This small collection of personal memorabilia, belonging to Theodore Jackson Wool (1894) and Darius Todd Wool (1916), contains University of Virginia mementos including programs, certificates, a catalogue, and a directory. Also there is professional memorabilia, a family tree, and two photographs.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. 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Also there is professional memorabilia, a family tree, and two photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This small collection of personal memorabilia, belonging to Theodore Jackson Wool (1894) and Darius Todd Wool (1916), contains University of Virginia mementos including programs, certificates, a catalogue, and a directory. Also there is professional memorabilia, a family tree, and two photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Wool, Darius Todd","Wool, Theodore Jackson"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1550#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1550.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190883","title_filing_ssi":"Madison, James letter to Thomas Jefferson","title_ssm":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"title_tesim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"unitdate_ssm":["April 20, 1818"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["April 20, 1818"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550"],"text":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550","James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson","University of Virginia -- History","The collection is open for research use.","James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.","For his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"","\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" ","\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"","\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" ","Sources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison","Todd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia","Related to the Thomas Jefferson papers.","This collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"","James Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"collection_ssim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creator_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creators_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Cummins and Joel Levin (appraiser) by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 October 2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1818],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTodd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.","For his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"","\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" ","\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"","\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" ","Sources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison","Todd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16794, James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16794, James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to the Thomas Jefferson papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to the Thomas Jefferson papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"","James Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\""],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"persname_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1550","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1550.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190883","title_filing_ssi":"Madison, James letter to Thomas Jefferson","title_ssm":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"title_tesim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"unitdate_ssm":["April 20, 1818"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["April 20, 1818"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550"],"text":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550","James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson","University of Virginia -- History","The collection is open for research use.","James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.","For his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"","\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" ","\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"","\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" ","Sources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison","Todd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia","Related to the Thomas Jefferson papers.","This collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"","James Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16794","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1550"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"collection_ssim":["James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creator_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"creators_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Cummins and Joel Levin (appraiser) by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 October 2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1818],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTodd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.","For his work in creating the University of Virginia with Thomas Jefferson, he is referred to as \"the key friend and advisor to whom Jefferson turned over and over for advice and critiques of his plans and the one who was present at almost all of the important meetings that led to the successful founding of the University and its location in Charlottesville.\"","\"The letters that passed between Jefferson and Madison, provide strong evidence of Madison's role.\" ","\"Madison himself had advocated the formation of a national university, as had each president before him, but Congress had not acted. James Norton Smith, the editor of Republic of Letters, the remarkable three-volume collection of the Madison-Jefferson correspondence, notes that as Madison's second term as president neared its end, \"The Sage of Monticello was anxious to have the Sage of Montpelier back in the neighborhood because [he] had already staked out a significant retirement project for them: the creation of the University of Virginia.\"","\"Madison was intimately involved in the realization of that project, and, when Jefferson had to step down as rector in 1826, the year of his death, it was Madison who took over for him until his failing health forced him to step down in 1836, the year of his own death. It seems to me that Mr. Jefferson would want his friend's contribution to the University recognized and appreciated considerably more than it is.\" ","Sources\n\"James Madison\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison","Todd, Jim. \"Madison's Role in the Founding of the University of Virgnia\" 2020 February 14. Accessed 6/26/23\nhttps://engagement.virginia.edu/learn/2020/02/14/madisons-role-in-the-founding-of-the-university-of-virginia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16794, James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16794, James Madison letter to Thomas Jefferson, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to the Thomas Jefferson papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to the Thomas Jefferson papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson about submitting his first donation for founding the \"Central College,\" which would become the University of Virginia. Docketed in Jefferson's hand on verso, \"Madison Ja., Montpellier [missing text on margin] recd M [missing text on margin]\"","James Madison writes, \"I take the oppportunity by Judge Holmes of sending my first installment for the Central College, which I beg the favor of you to have put with the proper hands...\""],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"persname_ssim":["Madison, James, 1751-1836","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1550"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Ritchie III papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_496#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_496#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for \u003cem\u003eCases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts\u003c/em\u003e, editions five, six, and seven of \u003cem\u003eThe First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926\u003c/em\u003e, as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_496#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_496.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/130815","title_ssm":["John Ritchie III papers"],"title_tesim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496"],"text":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496","John Ritchie III papers","University of Virginia -- History","Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills","After practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966."," Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the  Northwestern Reporter , he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\""," In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook,  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation."," When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School,  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988.","The papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , editions five, six, and seven of  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia Bar Association","Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Ritchie III papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creators_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift of Professor John Ritchie III in 1978 and 1991. In 1997 a box with his files was found in the library basement and added to this collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.5 Cubic Feet 22 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.5 Cubic Feet 22 archival boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorthwestern Reporter\u003c/emph\u003e, he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts\u003c/emph\u003e, which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926\u003c/emph\u003e, published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["After practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966."," Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the  Northwestern Reporter , he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\""," In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook,  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation."," When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School,  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts\u003c/emph\u003e, editions five, six, and seven of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , editions five, six, and seven of  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Bar Association","Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia Bar Association","Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia Bar Association"],"persname_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:46.110Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_496.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/130815","title_ssm":["John Ritchie III papers"],"title_tesim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496"],"text":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496","John Ritchie III papers","University of Virginia -- History","Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills","After practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966."," Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the  Northwestern Reporter , he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\""," In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook,  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation."," When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School,  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988.","The papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , editions five, six, and seven of  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia Bar Association","Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.78.11","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/496"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Ritchie III papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Ritchie III papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"creators_ssim":["Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift of Professor John Ritchie III in 1978 and 1991. In 1997 a box with his files was found in the library basement and added to this collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Estates (Law)","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.5 Cubic Feet 22 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.5 Cubic Feet 22 archival boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drafts (documents)","Wills"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorthwestern Reporter\u003c/emph\u003e, he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts\u003c/emph\u003e, which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926\u003c/emph\u003e, published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["After practicing law briefly in 1927 and 1928, Ritchie taught law at Furman University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Maryland before returning to teach at his alma mater in 1937. During World War II, he served as colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps and was awarded several decorations. In 1952, he left Virginia to serve as dean at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Wisconsin. In 1957 he became dean at Northwestern University, where he remained until mandatory retirement in 1972. He became the first John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law at Northwestern in 1966."," Jack Ritchie was a well-loved dean at Northwestern. According to the  Northwestern Reporter , he possessed \"an unusually happy blend of wisdom, patience, and warmth.\" During his deanship the faculty grew in size and reputation, and new facilities were constructed. \"His years at Northwestern will be remembered particularly for his devotion to students and for the strengthening of the School's relationship with alumni . . .\""," In addition to his administrative duties, Ritchie taught trusts, and along with co-authors Neill H. Alford Jr. and Richard W. Effland, wrote the casebook,  Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts , which appeared in seven editions from 1955 until just after his death in 1988. He was president of the Association of American Law Schools, national president of the Order of the Coif, member of the American Law Institute, and life fellow of the American Bar Foundation."," When he reached the age of sixty-eight and had to retire from the deanship at Northwestern, Ritchie returned to the University of Virginia, taught full-time for two more years, and then became scholar-in-residence. An extraordinarily active man, he was not entirely \"in residence,\" because in the next three years he visited at the University of Tennessee, the University of Oklahoma, and the College of William and Mary. In the mid-1970s, he began work on a history of the University of Virginia Law School,  The First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926 , published in 1978. For the rest of his life, Ritchie remained active in the American Bar Association and the Virginia Bar Association, worked occasionally as a consultant in trusts matters, and served on the board of the Foundation Press.  Ritchie died in 1988."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. There are also files that are related to his deanships at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Wisconsin, and Northwestern University, as well as files that document his years at Virginia from 1972 until his death in 1988. His files reflect the range and intensity of his work after his official retirement. Predominant are the manuscripts and correspondence for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts\u003c/emph\u003e, editions five, six, and seven of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe First Hundred Years: A Short History of the School of Law of the University of Virginia for the Period 1826-1926\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as correspondence files concerning publications of the Foundation Press and committee activities of the Virginia Bar Association. The largest group of files is comprised of miscellaneous professional correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of John Ritchie III include professional papers, mainly correspondence, concerning legal education. 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Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia Bar Association","Ritchie, John, III, 1904-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1225.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133610","title_filing_ssi":"Wayland, John Walter collection on Henry Martin","title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"text":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225","John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin","University of Virginia -- History","African Americans -- Virginia","Fair.","The collection is open for research use.","There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Wayland Seaver to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 31, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair."],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"physfacet_tesim":["letter, photographs, notes, newspaper clippings, magazine"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. 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They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. 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They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. 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The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1543#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1543.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189560","title_filing_ssi":"Husted, Ladley papers","title_ssm":["Ladley Husted papers"],"title_tesim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1959-1963"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1959-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543"],"text":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543","Ladley Husted papers","University of Virginia -- History","Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty","Good","This collection is open for research.","Ladley Husted  (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. He was the first to chair the President's Tree Committee. Mr. Husted received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from the University of Virginia before joining the faculty in 1937 as an assistant professor of biology. He married  Katherine Funkhouser  in 1934 and had one son, Robert. Husted was active in many research projects and organizations related to the field of biology. Husted served as chairman of the Department of Biology from 1949 to 1953. He remained active in the classroom until his death. He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.","Source:\"Bio. Professor Husted Dies.\" The Cavalier daily . April 1, 1969","This collection contains two folders of  Ladley Husted , a University of Virginia biology professor and the first chair of the President's Tree Committee later known as the Arboretum and Landscape Committee. The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily","Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ladley Husted papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Bob and Sandra Husted, to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on February 21, 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 folders (legal)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 folders (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eLadley Husted\u003c/persname\u003e (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. He was the first to chair the President's Tree Committee. Mr. Husted received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from the University of Virginia before joining the faculty in 1937 as an assistant professor of biology. He married \u003cpersname\u003eKatherine Funkhouser\u003c/persname\u003e in 1934 and had one son, Robert. Husted was active in many research projects and organizations related to the field of biology. Husted served as chairman of the Department of Biology from 1949 to 1953. He remained active in the classroom until his death. He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\"Bio. Professor Husted Dies.\"\u003ccorpname\u003eThe Cavalier daily\u003c/corpname\u003e. April 1, 1969\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ladley Husted  (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. He was the first to chair the President's Tree Committee. Mr. Husted received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from the University of Virginia before joining the faculty in 1937 as an assistant professor of biology. He married  Katherine Funkhouser  in 1934 and had one son, Robert. Husted was active in many research projects and organizations related to the field of biology. Husted served as chairman of the Department of Biology from 1949 to 1953. He remained active in the classroom until his death. He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.","Source:\"Bio. Professor Husted Dies.\" The Cavalier daily . April 1, 1969"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16792, Ladley Husted papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16792, Ladley Husted papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two folders of \u003cpersname\u003eLadley Husted\u003c/persname\u003e, a University of Virginia biology professor and the first chair of the President's Tree Committee later known as the Arboretum and Landscape Committee. The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two folders of  Ladley Husted , a University of Virginia biology professor and the first chair of the President's Tree Committee later known as the Arboretum and Landscape Committee. The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily","Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily"],"persname_ssim":["Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:58.057Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1543","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1543.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189560","title_filing_ssi":"Husted, Ladley papers","title_ssm":["Ladley Husted papers"],"title_tesim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1959-1963"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1959-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543"],"text":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543","Ladley Husted papers","University of Virginia -- History","Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty","Good","This collection is open for research.","Ladley Husted  (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. 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The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily","Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16792","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1543"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ladley Husted papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ladley Husted papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Bob and Sandra Husted, to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on February 21, 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gardens","Planting design","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 folders (legal)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 folders (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eLadley Husted\u003c/persname\u003e (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. He was the first to chair the President's Tree Committee. Mr. Husted received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from the University of Virginia before joining the faculty in 1937 as an assistant professor of biology. He married \u003cpersname\u003eKatherine Funkhouser\u003c/persname\u003e in 1934 and had one son, Robert. Husted was active in many research projects and organizations related to the field of biology. Husted served as chairman of the Department of Biology from 1949 to 1953. He remained active in the classroom until his death. He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\"Bio. Professor Husted Dies.\"\u003ccorpname\u003eThe Cavalier daily\u003c/corpname\u003e. April 1, 1969\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ladley Husted  (1906-1969) was a biology professor and served as the chair of the Biology department. He was the first to chair the President's Tree Committee. Mr. Husted received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from the University of Virginia before joining the faculty in 1937 as an assistant professor of biology. He married  Katherine Funkhouser  in 1934 and had one son, Robert. Husted was active in many research projects and organizations related to the field of biology. Husted served as chairman of the Department of Biology from 1949 to 1953. He remained active in the classroom until his death. He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.","Source:\"Bio. Professor Husted Dies.\" The Cavalier daily . April 1, 1969"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16792, Ladley Husted papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16792, Ladley Husted papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two folders of \u003cpersname\u003eLadley Husted\u003c/persname\u003e, a University of Virginia biology professor and the first chair of the President's Tree Committee later known as the Arboretum and Landscape Committee. The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two folders of  Ladley Husted , a University of Virginia biology professor and the first chair of the President's Tree Committee later known as the Arboretum and Landscape Committee. The folders include correspondence, notes, and detailed maps of plantings on grounds from 1959-1962. The folders are titled \"Tree Committee\" and \"Tree Locations.\" The Tree Committee folder contains correspondence and notes related to the committee's work and includes topics such as guidelines for tree planting on grounds and reports on removals and replacements. Tree Locations include maps and keys of plantings and lists of plants found on Grounds."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily","Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The Cavalier daily"],"persname_ssim":["Ladley Husted","Katherine Funkhouser"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:58.057Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1543"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1565","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Memory Marks podcast and transcripts","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1565#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1565#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1565","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1565","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1565","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1565","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1565.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191425","title_filing_ssi":"Memory Marks podcast and transcripts","title_ssm":["Memory Marks podcast and transcripts"],"title_tesim":["Memory Marks podcast and transcripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["2021"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16747","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1565"],"text":["MSS 16747","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1565","Memory Marks podcast and transcripts","Memorials","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","The collection is open for research use. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use.","This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. ","Episode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.","Episode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. This episode focuses on several of the individuals who built the university, the process of finding and adding names to the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers (MEL), and how the presence of the MEL impacts the Charlottesville community.","Episode 3: the tale of two MELs. Production Team: Byron Bleuze, Jesse Brouillette, Yumna Rahman, Jeffrey Richbart. This episode reveals the story of how the MEL came to be. We examine the decisions that led to the creation of the memorial and the crucial (often unacknowledged) role that students played in making the MEL a reality.","Episode 4: nonlinear progress. Production Team: Yixuan Chen, Cabrel Happi, Heba Imam, Shakeel Panjwani. This episode traces Charlottesville's and UVA's nonlinear progress in addressing racial injustices and inequities, demonstrating how the past is still very much alive in our present moment.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16747","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1565"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Memory Marks podcast and transcripts"],"collection_title_tesim":["Memory Marks podcast and transcripts"],"collection_ssim":["Memory Marks podcast and transcripts"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Memorials","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Memorials","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["Memorials","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Stephanie Ceraso, Department of English to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 15 February 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["0.0754 Gigabytes 10 files: 5 pdfs, 5 mp3 files"],"extent_tesim":["0.0754 Gigabytes 10 files: 5 pdfs, 5 mp3 files"],"date_range_isim":[2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16747, Memory Marks podcast and transcripts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16747, Memory Marks podcast and transcripts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. This episode focuses on several of the individuals who built the university, the process of finding and adding names to the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers (MEL), and how the presence of the MEL impacts the Charlottesville community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 3: the tale of two MELs. Production Team: Byron Bleuze, Jesse Brouillette, Yumna Rahman, Jeffrey Richbart. This episode reveals the story of how the MEL came to be. We examine the decisions that led to the creation of the memorial and the crucial (often unacknowledged) role that students played in making the MEL a reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 4: nonlinear progress. Production Team: Yixuan Chen, Cabrel Happi, Heba Imam, Shakeel Panjwani. This episode traces Charlottesville's and UVA's nonlinear progress in addressing racial injustices and inequities, demonstrating how the past is still very much alive in our present moment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. ","Episode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.","Episode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. This episode focuses on several of the individuals who built the university, the process of finding and adding names to the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers (MEL), and how the presence of the MEL impacts the Charlottesville community.","Episode 3: the tale of two MELs. Production Team: Byron Bleuze, Jesse Brouillette, Yumna Rahman, Jeffrey Richbart. This episode reveals the story of how the MEL came to be. We examine the decisions that led to the creation of the memorial and the crucial (often unacknowledged) role that students played in making the MEL a reality.","Episode 4: nonlinear progress. Production Team: Yixuan Chen, Cabrel Happi, Heba Imam, Shakeel Panjwani. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use.","This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. ","Episode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.","Episode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. This episode focuses on several of the individuals who built the university, the process of finding and adding names to the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers (MEL), and how the presence of the MEL impacts the Charlottesville community.","Episode 3: the tale of two MELs. Production Team: Byron Bleuze, Jesse Brouillette, Yumna Rahman, Jeffrey Richbart. This episode reveals the story of how the MEL came to be. We examine the decisions that led to the creation of the memorial and the crucial (often unacknowledged) role that students played in making the MEL a reality.","Episode 4: nonlinear progress. Production Team: Yixuan Chen, Cabrel Happi, Heba Imam, Shakeel Panjwani. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16747, Memory Marks podcast and transcripts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16747, Memory Marks podcast and transcripts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEpisode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. 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This episode traces Charlottesville's and UVA's nonlinear progress in addressing racial injustices and inequities, demonstrating how the past is still very much alive in our present moment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains audio files and transcripts created by students as part of ENWR 2520: Writing the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at UVA in the Fall of 2021. Students were broken into four groups and each created a podcast episode and supplied the transcriptions. Students researched and reflected upon the history of slavery at the University of Virginia—including its connections to present day racism and white supremacy in Charlottesville and beyond. In addition to the four episodes, students also created an audio collage of what they learned from the project. ","Episode 1: hidden in plain sight. Production Team: Annie Cao, Erica Cummings, August Lamb, Ashley Thompson.  This episode explores the dark history of the spaces that UVA students interact with on a daily basis. We investigate the history of some well-known buildings, the people they were named after, and what their presence means for UVA going forward.","Episode 2: \"more than words, more than symbols.\" Production Team: Abigail Grable, Tristan Guarnieri, Jesse Lynch, Alejandro Waquin. This episode focuses on several of the individuals who built the university, the process of finding and adding names to the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers (MEL), and how the presence of the MEL impacts the Charlottesville community.","Episode 3: the tale of two MELs. Production Team: Byron Bleuze, Jesse Brouillette, Yumna Rahman, Jeffrey Richbart. This episode reveals the story of how the MEL came to be. We examine the decisions that led to the creation of the memorial and the crucial (often unacknowledged) role that students played in making the MEL a reality.","Episode 4: nonlinear progress. Production Team: Yixuan Chen, Cabrel Happi, Heba Imam, Shakeel Panjwani. This episode traces Charlottesville's and UVA's nonlinear progress in addressing racial injustices and inequities, demonstrating how the past is still very much alive in our present moment."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:17.647Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1565"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1560","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Office of the Architect/Photographs-addition 2 Mary Hughes","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1560#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"University of Virginia. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born-digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information.","Mary Hughes was a landscape architect at the University of Virginia from 1996-2022. After studying English and French in college, she graduated from the UVA School of Architecture in 1987. She designed the first landscape plan of the grounds at UVA. Some of her projects include the creation of the Dell, Memorial to Enslaved Laborers, South Lawn Project and Kitty Foster home and cemetery, and the Ivy Corridor. In 2012 she received the Legasse Medal from the American Society of Landscape Architects for conservation and stewardship of the public landscape.","This addition to RG 35/2, Office of the Architect/Photographs contains photographs,  slides, and VHS tape of Mary Hughes, the University of Virginia Landscape Architect since 1986. The slides and photographs depict college campuses, principally the University of Virginia, documenting projects initiated by the Office of the Architect including new construction. The VHS tape is dated October 24, 1994, and titled \"Thomas Jefferson Academical Village.\" The slides and photographs were contained in binders and the original order and titles have been maintained. ","Boxes 1 and 2 contain photographs and slides of the landscape and architecture of various institutions including the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Duke University, Swarthmore College, University of Chicago, Emory College and the University of Georgia.  Boxes 2 to 5 contain slides related to the Master Plan book. Boxes 2 and 3 feature aerial renderings and plans for several University of Virginia renovation projects in order to \"restore the Founder's [Thomas Jefferson's] vision of reciprocity between the academic and physical plan of the University.\" Before and after slides of these renovation efforts are included in an album titled \"Academical Village Slides, Book #1\". Also included in this album are slides of events on the Lawn, such as the 1996 Lawn Olympics and a Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture lecture. Photographs of Lawn and Range rooms are also present. Box 4 contains images of models and drawings of campus buildings and also text blocks. Box 6 contains \"General Slides, Book #3\" which includes spots across the ground and is organized alphabetically from N to Z. Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born-digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The photographs and slides are open for research use. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born-digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Hughes was a landscape architect at the University of Virginia from 1996-2022. After studying English and French in college, she graduated from the UVA School of Architecture in 1987. She designed the first landscape plan of the grounds at UVA. Some of her projects include the creation of the Dell, Memorial to Enslaved Laborers, South Lawn Project and Kitty Foster home and cemetery, and the Ivy Corridor. 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In 2012 she received the Legasse Medal from the American Society of Landscape Architects for conservation and stewardship of the public landscape."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-35/2,Office of the Architect/Photographs-addition 2 Mary Hughes, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["RG-35/2,Office of the Architect/Photographs-addition 2 Mary Hughes, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to RG 35/2, Office of the Architect/Photographs contains photographs,  slides, and VHS tape of Mary Hughes, the University of Virginia Landscape Architect since 1986. The slides and photographs depict college campuses, principally the University of Virginia, documenting projects initiated by the Office of the Architect including new construction. 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Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to RG 35/2, Office of the Architect/Photographs contains photographs,  slides, and VHS tape of Mary Hughes, the University of Virginia Landscape Architect since 1986. The slides and photographs depict college campuses, principally the University of Virginia, documenting projects initiated by the Office of the Architect including new construction. The VHS tape is dated October 24, 1994, and titled \"Thomas Jefferson Academical Village.\" The slides and photographs were contained in binders and the original order and titles have been maintained. ","Boxes 1 and 2 contain photographs and slides of the landscape and architecture of various institutions including the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Duke University, Swarthmore College, University of Chicago, Emory College and the University of Georgia.  Boxes 2 to 5 contain slides related to the Master Plan book. Boxes 2 and 3 feature aerial renderings and plans for several University of Virginia renovation projects in order to \"restore the Founder's [Thomas Jefferson's] vision of reciprocity between the academic and physical plan of the University.\" Before and after slides of these renovation efforts are included in an album titled \"Academical Village Slides, Book #1\". Also included in this album are slides of events on the Lawn, such as the 1996 Lawn Olympics and a Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture lecture. Photographs of Lawn and Range rooms are also present. Box 4 contains images of models and drawings of campus buildings and also text blocks. Box 6 contains \"General Slides, Book #3\" which includes spots across the ground and is organized alphabetically from N to Z. Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Office of the Architect"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born-digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information.","Mary Hughes was a landscape architect at the University of Virginia from 1996-2022. After studying English and French in college, she graduated from the UVA School of Architecture in 1987. She designed the first landscape plan of the grounds at UVA. 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","Boxes 1 and 2 contain photographs and slides of the landscape and architecture of various institutions including the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Duke University, Swarthmore College, University of Chicago, Emory College and the University of Georgia.  Boxes 2 to 5 contain slides related to the Master Plan book. Boxes 2 and 3 feature aerial renderings and plans for several University of Virginia renovation projects in order to \"restore the Founder's [Thomas Jefferson's] vision of reciprocity between the academic and physical plan of the University.\" Before and after slides of these renovation efforts are included in an album titled \"Academical Village Slides, Book #1\". Also included in this album are slides of events on the Lawn, such as the 1996 Lawn Olympics and a Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture lecture. Photographs of Lawn and Range rooms are also present. Box 4 contains images of models and drawings of campus buildings and also text blocks. Box 6 contains \"General Slides, Book #3\" which includes spots across the ground and is organized alphabetically from N to Z. Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Hughes was a landscape architect at the University of Virginia from 1996-2022. After studying English and French in college, she graduated from the UVA School of Architecture in 1987. She designed the first landscape plan of the grounds at UVA. Some of her projects include the creation of the Dell, Memorial to Enslaved Laborers, South Lawn Project and Kitty Foster home and cemetery, and the Ivy Corridor. In 2012 she received the Legasse Medal from the American Society of Landscape Architects for conservation and stewardship of the public landscape.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Hughes was a landscape architect at the University of Virginia from 1996-2022. After studying English and French in college, she graduated from the UVA School of Architecture in 1987. She designed the first landscape plan of the grounds at UVA. Some of her projects include the creation of the Dell, Memorial to Enslaved Laborers, South Lawn Project and Kitty Foster home and cemetery, and the Ivy Corridor. In 2012 she received the Legasse Medal from the American Society of Landscape Architects for conservation and stewardship of the public landscape."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-35/2,Office of the Architect/Photographs-addition 2 Mary Hughes, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["RG-35/2,Office of the Architect/Photographs-addition 2 Mary Hughes, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to RG 35/2, Office of the Architect/Photographs contains photographs,  slides, and VHS tape of Mary Hughes, the University of Virginia Landscape Architect since 1986. The slides and photographs depict college campuses, principally the University of Virginia, documenting projects initiated by the Office of the Architect including new construction. The VHS tape is dated October 24, 1994, and titled \"Thomas Jefferson Academical Village.\" The slides and photographs were contained in binders and the original order and titles have been maintained. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1 and 2 contain photographs and slides of the landscape and architecture of various institutions including the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Duke University, Swarthmore College, University of Chicago, Emory College and the University of Georgia.  Boxes 2 to 5 contain slides related to the Master Plan book. Boxes 2 and 3 feature aerial renderings and plans for several University of Virginia renovation projects in order to \"restore the Founder's [Thomas Jefferson's] vision of reciprocity between the academic and physical plan of the University.\" Before and after slides of these renovation efforts are included in an album titled \"Academical Village Slides, Book #1\". Also included in this album are slides of events on the Lawn, such as the 1996 Lawn Olympics and a Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture lecture. Photographs of Lawn and Range rooms are also present. Box 4 contains images of models and drawings of campus buildings and also text blocks. Box 6 contains \"General Slides, Book #3\" which includes spots across the ground and is organized alphabetically from N to Z. Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to RG 35/2, Office of the Architect/Photographs contains photographs,  slides, and VHS tape of Mary Hughes, the University of Virginia Landscape Architect since 1986. The slides and photographs depict college campuses, principally the University of Virginia, documenting projects initiated by the Office of the Architect including new construction. The VHS tape is dated October 24, 1994, and titled \"Thomas Jefferson Academical Village.\" The slides and photographs were contained in binders and the original order and titles have been maintained. ","Boxes 1 and 2 contain photographs and slides of the landscape and architecture of various institutions including the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Duke University, Swarthmore College, University of Chicago, Emory College and the University of Georgia.  Boxes 2 to 5 contain slides related to the Master Plan book. Boxes 2 and 3 feature aerial renderings and plans for several University of Virginia renovation projects in order to \"restore the Founder's [Thomas Jefferson's] vision of reciprocity between the academic and physical plan of the University.\" Before and after slides of these renovation efforts are included in an album titled \"Academical Village Slides, Book #1\". Also included in this album are slides of events on the Lawn, such as the 1996 Lawn Olympics and a Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture lecture. Photographs of Lawn and Range rooms are also present. Box 4 contains images of models and drawings of campus buildings and also text blocks. Box 6 contains \"General Slides, Book #3\" which includes spots across the ground and is organized alphabetically from N to Z. Slides Box 7 contains images of studies and plans and architectural features across campus like bollards, memorial plaques, lighting, signs, trash cans, etc.  "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. Office of the Architect"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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Smith collected fifty-eight autographs of peers and professors at the University between 1856 and 1858. The red leather-bound autograph book contains entries that list a student's name, the date of entry, their location, where they lived away from the University, the \"session\" (i.e. 1857-58), and a personal note to Summerfield (referred to as \"Summerfield\", \"S\", or \"Smith\" throughout). Inscriptions include well-wishes for careers and family life, references to jokes between Summerfield and his friends, and descriptions of student life at the University of Virginia in the middle nineteenth century. Some entries did not include personal notes. 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