{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Student+life","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Student+life\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Student+life\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":24,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1782","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1782#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1782#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\" From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro. Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1782#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1782","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1782","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1782","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1782","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1782.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221413","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books","title_ssm":["Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1951-1964"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16897","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1782"],"text":["MSS 16897","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1782","Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)","Student life","Fraternities","African American fraternal organizations","African American students","African American universities and colleges","Historically Black colleges and universities","African American students","This collection is open for research.","Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.","Kappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. ","Bluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.","By the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.","Sources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi","\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University","This collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)","Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16897","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1782"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books (Bluefield State University, West Virginia)"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life","Fraternities"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life","Fraternities"],"creator_ssm":["Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)"],"creator_ssim":["Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)"],"creators_ssim":["Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)"],"places_ssim":["Student life","Fraternities"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American fraternal organizations","African American students","African American universities and colleges","Historically Black colleges and universities","African American students"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American fraternal organizations","African American students","African American universities and colleges","Historically Black colleges and universities","African American students"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box"],"physfacet_tesim":["two bound minute books"],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.","Kappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. ","Bluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.","By the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.","Sources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi","\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16897, Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16897, Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)","Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. 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(ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.","Kappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. ","Bluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.","By the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.","Sources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi","\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University","This collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. 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(ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington, it has never restricted membership based on color, creed, or national origin though membership traditionally is dominated by black men. The fraternity has over 260,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in ten countries.","Kappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare, and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation. It is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the oldest predominantly African American Greek-letter organization founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence. It is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. ","Bluefield State University is a public historically black university (HBCU) in Bluefield, West Virginia.Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans.The Bluefield Colored Institute was founded in 1895 as an institution of higher education for the children of Black coal miners. Most are in the Southern United States and were founded during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African-Americans in an era when most colleges and universities in the United States did not allow Black students to enroll.","By the midpoint of the 20th century, the school was a celebrated gem of African-American culture, earning its ongoing recognition as one of the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Heavyweight champion Joe Louis held boxing exhibitions in the gymnasium. Langston Hughes read poetry on campus. Count Basie and Duke Ellington played at fraternity parties.","Sources:\nKappa Alpha Psi Wikepedia. Accessed 6/5/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi","\nBluefield State University\nhttps://bluefieldstate.edu/heritage/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefield_State_University"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16897, Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16897, Alpha Tau Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi minute books, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two minute books of the Alpha Tau Chapter of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity at Bluefield State College, an H.B.C.U. in Bluefield, West Virginia. Each grey cloth-bound book has \"Records\" printed on its cover, with \"Kappa Alpha Psi\" handwritten on one and \"KAΨ\" handwritten on the other. The minute books document meetings of the fraternity held over a decade, between 1951 and 1964. The first book dates from 1951 to 1956, and the second book is dated from 1956 to 1964. The entries chronicle the fraternity's pledging process, parties, hazing, initiation, charity events, finances, and the maintenance of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity house. Entries discuss the \"laxity\" of Scroller Club (prospective members), or impose sanctions on pledges failing to meet expectations: \"Bro. Chesly made a motion that in the event that the prospective neophytes do not finish the painting tonight they will be left on pro until after Christmas (Dec. 11, 1952). Mention of trouble with the alumni committee for their hazing practices: \"The Polemarch informed us that the alumni chapter said that we would have to drop some of the pranks played on probates such as kissing the Kotex, fake penis and slap jar drinking because it leads to homosexuality\" (May 7, 1953). Lists of pledges are present in the books, alongside actual vote tallies by their elders accepting or rejecting them for membership; so too are vote tallies for women seeking to become \"Kappa Queen.\"  From time to time, problem pledges come up for discussion, for instance those too poor to pay the membership fee: \"Bro Cousin mention that little bro Witten would have a conflict when he goes on probation because he works in the mines at night ... little bro.  Witten may not be able to pay his money by the deadline.\" (Nov. 13, 1952). Other entries discuss their charity work and involvement with the local community including giving out scholarships, putting on plays in local schools, purchasing Christmas Seals from the N.A.A.C.P. and a \"Guide Right\" mentorship program. The brothers selected a topic of \"The Challenge of Integration\" as a topic for the program (April 13,1959)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)","Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kappa Alpha Psi. Alpha Tau chapter (Bluefield State College, West Virginia)","Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity","Bluefield State College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:41:25.344Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1782"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel. Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1630.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196224","title_filing_ssi":"Emanuel, Bessie photo album at Hampton Institute","title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"text":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630","Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","Student life","African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.","Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf","This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. Arsenault and Company by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 29 August 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"extent_tesim":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Hampton Institute","James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:14.368Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1630.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196224","title_filing_ssi":"Emanuel, Bessie photo album at Hampton Institute","title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"text":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630","Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","Student life","African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.","Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf","This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. Arsenault and Company by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 29 August 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"extent_tesim":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. 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The computer-generated banners read \"It is the hand of Wynd,\" Rake Wenga Strike,\" and \"I'd Prefer not to.\"  \"It is the hand of Wynd\" is printed against a repeated pattern of \"punt punt punt.\" Wynd is a reference to the Tolkien \"wyrd (meaning \"fate\" in Anglo-Saxon), \"Punt\" referred to doing something enjoyable. The banner likely encouraged people to take a break from mid-term exams. The second reads \"RAKE WENGA STRIKE\" against a repeating background of \"raw*ton*this*tae*\" etc. etc. Both of those reflect a concern for administrative actions against profanity as students with signs that included profanity were arrested for public obscenity. The slogan was thus coded and would have been understood as meaning  \"F--K AGNEW-STRIKE\" with the Vice President's name written backward. 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Ellis graduated from the College of Arts \u0026amp; Sciences in 1972. He received his master's and Ph.D  in English in Folklore from Ohio State University in 1978. He became a Professor of English at Pennsylvania State University. Ellis is renowned for his research on folklore and is particularly noted for applying traditional folklore concepts to internet-based discourse, which has been groundbreaking in the field. Ellis's writing on rumor-panics and folklore is widely published. His areas of expertise include Japanese Popular Culture (Manga/Anime) Nathaniel Hawthorne, Contemporary (or \"Urban\") Legends, New Religious Movements, Folklore and Internet/Intranet/Web Technology, and Contemporary Folklore. His works have appeared in publications such as Western Folklore and the Journal of Psychology and Theology. 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His areas of expertise include Japanese Popular Culture (Manga/Anime) Nathaniel Hawthorne, Contemporary (or \"Urban\") Legends, New Religious Movements, Folklore and Internet/Intranet/Web Technology, and Contemporary Folklore. His works have appeared in publications such as Western Folklore and the Journal of Psychology and Theology. Ellis was presented with the 2023 American Folklore Society Lifetime Achievement Award for his publications and teaching at Pennsylvania State University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16883, Bill Ellis papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16883, Bill Ellis papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Bill Ellis related to the the May Day protests of 1970 at the University of Virginia. Ellis participated in these events as a student, and the collection contains material created and collected during this time. The papers comprise of four computer-generated banners, a bulletin, posters, and a summary report by the Virginia Strike Committee. The report details the events when State and Local Police confronted protesters on the  U.Va. campus and Rugby Road, arresting many students for unlawful assembly on May 8 -9, 1970. The computer-generated banners read \"It is the hand of Wynd,\" Rake Wenga Strike,\" and \"I'd Prefer not to.\"  \"It is the hand of Wynd\" is printed against a repeated pattern of \"punt punt punt.\" Wynd is a reference to the Tolkien \"wyrd (meaning \"fate\" in Anglo-Saxon), \"Punt\" referred to doing something enjoyable. The banner likely encouraged people to take a break from mid-term exams. The second reads \"RAKE WENGA STRIKE\" against a repeating background of \"raw*ton*this*tae*\" etc. etc. Both of those reflect a concern for administrative actions against profanity as students with signs that included profanity were arrested for public obscenity. The slogan was thus coded and would have been understood as meaning  \"F--K AGNEW-STRIKE\" with the Vice President's name written backward. The final slogan, \"I'd Prefer not to,\" was printed against a repeating background of \"Bartleby* died*for*your*sins...strike*strike*strike, \" a literary reference to Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Bill Ellis related to the the May Day protests of 1970 at the University of Virginia. Ellis participated in these events as a student, and the collection contains material created and collected during this time. 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The slogan was thus coded and would have been understood as meaning  \"F--K AGNEW-STRIKE\" with the Vice President's name written backward. The final slogan, \"I'd Prefer not to,\" was printed against a repeating background of \"Bartleby* died*for*your*sins...strike*strike*strike, \" a literary reference to Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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Bright's, class of 1991, study in the MA Foreign Affairs program at the University of Virginia. Subjects include Latin America, Military in Latin America, Democracy in Latin America, and the Cold War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains six notebooks of course materials and notes from Christopher J. Bright's, class of 1991, study in the MA Foreign Affairs program at the University of Virginia. Subjects include Latin America, Military in Latin America, Democracy in Latin America, and the Cold War."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:38:18.573Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1139"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1783","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Co-education at the University of Virginia collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1783#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Laudenschlager, Connie Clark","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1783#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1783","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1783","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1783","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1783","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1783.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221414","title_filing_ssi":"Co-education at the University of Virginia collection","title_ssm":["Co-education at the University of Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Co-education at the University of Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1973-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1973-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16898","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1783"],"text":["MSS 16898","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1783","Co-education at the University of Virginia collection","University of Virginia -- Co-education","Student life","Women in higher education","This collection is open for research.","While the University of Virginia was one of the slowest to accept women into their institution according to an article \"Missing In Plain Sight\" by the University of Virginia Women's Center, \"By 1970, when the first officially co-ed class enrolled and 450 women arrived on Grounds to take their seats in UVA classes, over 30,000 women had already made their mark on UVA–pursuing, and earning, their diploma, certificate, or degree (bachelor's, master's, medical, law, and doctoral). Their presence is recorded in the archives. The existence of women on Grounds is a fact hiding in plain sight. To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"","\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler","Source:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. The hours they logged on this project carried us over the finish line: Emma Abraham (Col 2023), Carol Gilbert (Women's Center), Elyse Girard (UVA Library), Guada Pinto (Col 2021, Batten 2022), and Holly Robertson (UVA Library).","Our colleagues across Grounds have been working for decades to document the experiences of women at UVA, and this project is indebted to their research. Phyllis Leffler, Professor Emerita of History, graciously and generously shared a treasure-trove of files and provided encouragement at every step of the project. Liz Crowder (Alumni Assocation) collaborated on fact-finding missions, and Ervin Jordan (OAAA) pointed us to additional sources.","Phyllis Leffler, \"Mr. Jefferson's University: Women in the Village!\" (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 1 (2007), 56-107.) ","Related collection Dale Hill papers MSS 16583","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Laudenschlager, Connie Clark","Peters, Holly","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16898","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1783"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Co-education at the University of Virginia collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Co-education at the University of Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Co-education at the University of Virginia collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Laudenschlager, Connie Clark"],"creator_ssim":["Laudenschlager, Connie Clark"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Laudenschlager, Connie Clark"],"creators_ssim":["Laudenschlager, Connie Clark"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Co-education","Student life"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in higher education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in higher education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".012 Cubic Feet 1  Oversize folder (medium), 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".012 Cubic Feet 1  Oversize folder (medium), 1 legal size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the University of Virginia was one of the slowest to accept women into their institution according to an article \"Missing In Plain Sight\" by the University of Virginia Women's Center, \"By 1970, when the first officially co-ed class enrolled and 450 women arrived on Grounds to take their seats in UVA classes, over 30,000 women had already made their mark on UVA–pursuing, and earning, their diploma, certificate, or degree (bachelor's, master's, medical, law, and doctoral). Their presence is recorded in the archives. The existence of women on Grounds is a fact hiding in plain sight. To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. The hours they logged on this project carried us over the finish line: Emma Abraham (Col 2023), Carol Gilbert (Women's Center), Elyse Girard (UVA Library), Guada Pinto (Col 2021, Batten 2022), and Holly Robertson (UVA Library).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur colleagues across Grounds have been working for decades to document the experiences of women at UVA, and this project is indebted to their research. Phyllis Leffler, Professor Emerita of History, graciously and generously shared a treasure-trove of files and provided encouragement at every step of the project. Liz Crowder (Alumni Assocation) collaborated on fact-finding missions, and Ervin Jordan (OAAA) pointed us to additional sources.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhyllis Leffler, \"Mr. Jefferson's University: Women in the Village!\" (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 1 (2007), 56-107.) \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["While the University of Virginia was one of the slowest to accept women into their institution according to an article \"Missing In Plain Sight\" by the University of Virginia Women's Center, \"By 1970, when the first officially co-ed class enrolled and 450 women arrived on Grounds to take their seats in UVA classes, over 30,000 women had already made their mark on UVA–pursuing, and earning, their diploma, certificate, or degree (bachelor's, master's, medical, law, and doctoral). Their presence is recorded in the archives. The existence of women on Grounds is a fact hiding in plain sight. To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"","\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler","Source:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. The hours they logged on this project carried us over the finish line: Emma Abraham (Col 2023), Carol Gilbert (Women's Center), Elyse Girard (UVA Library), Guada Pinto (Col 2021, Batten 2022), and Holly Robertson (UVA Library).","Our colleagues across Grounds have been working for decades to document the experiences of women at UVA, and this project is indebted to their research. Phyllis Leffler, Professor Emerita of History, graciously and generously shared a treasure-trove of files and provided encouragement at every step of the project. Liz Crowder (Alumni Assocation) collaborated on fact-finding missions, and Ervin Jordan (OAAA) pointed us to additional sources.","Phyllis Leffler, \"Mr. Jefferson's University: Women in the Village!\" (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 1 (2007), 56-107.) 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Their presence is recorded in the archives. The existence of women on Grounds is a fact hiding in plain sight. To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"","\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler","Source:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. 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Their presence is recorded in the archives. The existence of women on Grounds is a fact hiding in plain sight. To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. 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To borrow McIntire alumna Margot Lee Shetterly's (Com 1991) formulation, they are UVA's hidden figures: some hidden once for their gender, others hidden twice for their gender and their race.\"","\"In this university for southern gentlemen, there was no place for women. Yet, women found ways to access the university as early as the late nineteenth century.\" - Phyllis Leffler","Source:\nhttps://womenscenter.virginia.edu/celebrate/history-women-uva\nOur deep gratitude goes as well to the students and staff who provided invaluable technical and fact-checking assistance. The hours they logged on this project carried us over the finish line: Emma Abraham (Col 2023), Carol Gilbert (Women's Center), Elyse Girard (UVA Library), Guada Pinto (Col 2021, Batten 2022), and Holly Robertson (UVA Library).","Our colleagues across Grounds have been working for decades to document the experiences of women at UVA, and this project is indebted to their research. Phyllis Leffler, Professor Emerita of History, graciously and generously shared a treasure-trove of files and provided encouragement at every step of the project. Liz Crowder (Alumni Assocation) collaborated on fact-finding missions, and Ervin Jordan (OAAA) pointed us to additional sources.","Phyllis Leffler, \"Mr. Jefferson's University: Women in the Village!\" (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 115, No. 1 (2007), 56-107.) "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16898, Co-Education Collection at the University of Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16898, Co-Education Collection at the University of Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated collection Dale Hill papers MSS 16583\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related collection Dale Hill papers MSS 16583"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Laudenschlager, Connie Clark","Peters, Holly"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Laudenschlager, Connie Clark","Peters, Holly"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:48:48.583Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1783"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1813","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"E.P. 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(Charlottesville, VA: 1915) 35.","The Debating and Oracle Council began sometime in 1904. The council represented the two literary societies (Jefferson and Washington) and contained five members: two from each society and one professor of public speaking. This council arranged the annual contests between the societies and managed intercollegiate contests such as the Southern Inter-State Oratorical Association and the Virginia State Oratorical Association.  ","Citation \n Bruce, Philip Alexander . 1922.  History of the University of Virginia 1819-1919 . Centennial Edition. Vol. V.(240-245) New York: Macmillan Company.","This collection overlaps with the Washington Society papers (RG-23/7). For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number in in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","This collection consist of a thank you letter written from E.P. Baker, secretary of the University of Virginia's UVA Debating and Oratorial Society, to a Mr. Batten for a gift of a package of  Albermarle Pippin apples.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Baker, E.P.","Bruce, Philip Alexander","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16915","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1813"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E.P. Baker letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["E.P. Baker letter"],"collection_ssim":["E.P. Baker letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Baker, E.P."],"creator_ssim":["Baker, E.P."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Baker, E.P."],"creators_ssim":["Baker, E.P."],"places_ssim":["Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Jack Robertson to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on December 30, 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Student organization","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Student organization","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 letter sized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 letter sized folder"],"genreform_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1915],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin Perceval \"Percy\" Baker attended the University of Virginia from 1913 to 1915, taking classes in the academic college. He does not appear to have graduated. He  was a member of the  Washington Society and served as the treasurer in 1914 and the secretary 1915 as well as part of the Debating and Oracle Council.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCitation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e. \u003ctitle\u003eCorks and Curls\u003c/title\u003e. (Charlottesville, VA: 1914) 60, 358.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e. \u003ctitle\u003eUniversity of Virginia Record: Catalogue 1914-1915\u003c/title\u003e. (Charlottesville, VA: 1915) 35.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Debating and Oracle Council began sometime in 1904. The council represented the two literary societies (Jefferson and Washington) and contained five members: two from each society and one professor of public speaking. This council arranged the annual contests between the societies and managed intercollegiate contests such as the Southern Inter-State Oratorical Association and the Virginia State Oratorical Association.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCitation \n\u003cpersname\u003eBruce, Philip Alexander\u003c/persname\u003e. 1922.\u003ctitle\u003e History of the University of Virginia 1819-1919\u003c/title\u003e. Centennial Edition. Vol. V.(240-245) New York: Macmillan Company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edwin Perceval \"Percy\" Baker attended the University of Virginia from 1913 to 1915, taking classes in the academic college. He does not appear to have graduated. He  was a member of the  Washington Society and served as the treasurer in 1914 and the secretary 1915 as well as part of the Debating and Oracle Council.","Citation","University of Virginia .  Corks and Curls . (Charlottesville, VA: 1914) 60, 358.","University of Virginia .  University of Virginia Record: Catalogue 1914-1915 . (Charlottesville, VA: 1915) 35.","The Debating and Oracle Council began sometime in 1904. The council represented the two literary societies (Jefferson and Washington) and contained five members: two from each society and one professor of public speaking. This council arranged the annual contests between the societies and managed intercollegiate contests such as the Southern Inter-State Oratorical Association and the Virginia State Oratorical Association.  ","Citation \n Bruce, Philip Alexander . 1922.  History of the University of Virginia 1819-1919 . Centennial Edition. Vol. V.(240-245) New York: Macmillan Company."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16915, E.P. Baker letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16915, E.P. Baker letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection overlaps with the Washington Society papers (RG-23/7). For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number in in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection overlaps with the Washington Society papers (RG-23/7). For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number in in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consist of a thank you letter written from E.P. 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The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1632","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1632","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1632","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1632.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196226","title_filing_ssi":"Pilcher, Frederick, Jr. scrapbook","title_ssm":["Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["C.1923-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C.1923-1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16824","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1632"],"text":["MSS 16824","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1632","Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook","Student life","Travel","Human dissection","Body snatching","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs","good","The collection is open for research use.","Content Warning: This material contains graphic imagery and content involving human remains. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. ","This collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.","\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.","Included are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.","University of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   ","For more information:","Contested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces","\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/","Credit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)","Pilcher, Frederick Jr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16824","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1632"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick Pilcher Jr. scrapbook"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"places_ssim":["Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Travel","Human dissection","Body snatching","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Travel","Human dissection","Body snatching","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":[".44 Cubic Feet 1 Oversize Flat Box Small OS"],"extent_tesim":[".44 Cubic Feet 1 Oversize Flat Box Small OS"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16824, Frederick Pilcher scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16824, Frederick Pilcher scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning: This material contains graphic imagery and content involving human remains. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCredit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: This material contains graphic imagery and content involving human remains. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. ","This collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.","\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.","Included are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.","University of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   ","For more information:","Contested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces","\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/","Credit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)","Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. ","This collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.","\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.","Included are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.","University of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   ","For more information:","Contested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces","\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/","Credit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. 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The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCredit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: This material contains graphic imagery and content involving human remains. The purpose of this note is to allow users to decide whether they need or want to view these materials or, at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. ","This collection contains a scrapbook of black and white photogaphs and ephemera documenting Frederick Pilcher, Jr.'s life from the 1920s to the 1930s as a student at Virginia Polytechnical Institute (VPI), known as Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia Medical School. Included are newspaper clippings, tickets to sporting events, commencement announcements, invitations, report cards, certificate of admittance to the medical board's examination, alumni ribbons, cards and correspondence regarding advancements for his professional work. The scrapbook also depicts his travels on the railway to the Pacific Northwest where he had an internship in Seattle's Virginia Mason Clinic, and a steamship vacation to Alaska. The report cards in the scrapbook suggest Pilcher attended VPI as an undergraduate and then the University of Virginia Medical School.","\nAmid the memorabilia and photographs in the scrapbook, is a photograph of medical student Pilcher posing with an African American corpse from the medical school. There is a caption below the photograph that is racially offensive. The photograph is also disturbing content that users may not want to view.","Included are newspaper clippings describing how Pilcher and his cousin took two bodies from the University's medical school to his home in Chesterfield County.  Two months later the two bodies were found on the creek banks near Pilcher's residence by a 15 year-old boy who was fishing and called the police. Pilcher and his cousin were not prosecuted and Pilcher was allowed to continue medical school.","University of Virginia Medical School often used African American corpses for teaching medical students. The students were known to pose with them for photographs. Cadavers were often called \"subjects\" who were \"... primarily the bodies of deceased African-Americans.\" Since it was difficult to obtain cadavers legally in the twentieth century, \"...professors sought out grave robbers who targeted African-Americans...\"   ","For more information:","Contested Spaces:Examining the Past, Present, and Forgotten at the University of Virginia. The Cadaver Society\nAfrican-American Workers at the Anatomical Theatre. Accessed 3/22/24. \nhttps://as7cs3.wixsite.com/curatingthepast/absence-of-spaces","\nSubjects for Anatomy Class. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/subjects-for-anatomy-class/","Credit to Janet Pearson, a Historical Collections staff member. Originally done under the direction of Joan Echtenkamp Klein, who was the Alvin V. and Nancy Baird Curator for Historical Collections until her untimely death, project support was continued under Dan Cavanaugh, who stepped into Joan's role and position.\nAnatomical Theatre at the University. Accessed 3/22/24\nhttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/anatomical-theatre/credits/"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)","Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia. School of Medicine","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Alaska","Seattle (Wash.)"],"persname_ssim":["Pilcher, Frederick Jr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:59.568Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1632"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1776#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1776#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1776#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1776.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/217091","title_filing_ssi":"Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps","title_ssm":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"title_tesim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1896"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776"],"text":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776","Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps","University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works","Fair","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","On October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.","Sources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.","Rufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. ","Sources","Virginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville.","This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"collection_title_tesim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"collection_ssim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from The Valentine to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 3 October 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair"],"extent_ssm":["0.09 Cubic Feet 1 medium-sized oversized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.09 Cubic Feet 1 medium-sized oversized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description: 1895 Rotunda Fire","Biographical / Historical Description: Holsinger Studio"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.","Sources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.","Rufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. ","Sources","Virginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16892, Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16892, Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:26.689Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1776","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1776.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/217091","title_filing_ssi":"Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps","title_ssm":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"title_tesim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1896"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776"],"text":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776","Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps","University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life","University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works","Fair","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","On October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.","Sources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.","Rufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. ","Sources","Virginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville.","This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16892","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1776"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"collection_title_tesim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"collection_ssim":["Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va.) -- photographs","Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from The Valentine to the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 3 October 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia -- Buildings -- Pictorial works"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair"],"extent_ssm":["0.09 Cubic Feet 1 medium-sized oversized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.09 Cubic Feet 1 medium-sized oversized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description: 1895 Rotunda Fire","Biographical / Historical Description: Holsinger Studio"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 27, 1895, a fire destroyed much of the Rotunda and completely leveled the building's sizable annex that housed classroom space, lecture halls, laboratories, and faculty offices. The University commissioned Cabell, Cocke, and Rouss Hall after the fire, all designed by McKim, Mead, and White. These buildings were completed in 1898 and housed facilities once within the destroyed Rotunda annex. The Rotunda was restored to its original form as a library without an elongated annex, an effort completed shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.","Sources\n\"Rotunda - Cvillepedia.\" Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.cvillepedia.org/Rotunda.\n\"Rotunda: History.\" University of Virginia, n.d. https://rotunda.virginia.edu/history.","Rufus W. Holsinger (1866-1930), a photographer, relocated to Charlottesville from Bedford, Pennsylvania in the late 1880s. He opened the Holsinger University Studio on West Main Street for over four decades. Holsinger worked in the city as a studio and field photographer, capturing Charlottesville residents and many notable historic events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His work included everything from the 1895 fire that destroyed the University of Virginia Rotunda to celebrations in Charlottesville marking the end of World War I. Holsinger died in Charlottesville in 1930. ","Sources","Virginia Magazine. \"Holsinger's Charlottesville.\" Accessed May 01, 2025. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/holsingers_charlottesville."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16892, Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16892, Holsinger Studio portrait on Rotunda steps, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of young men and women formally dressed and posed on the University of Virginia Rotunda steps. The men are likely UVa students and faculty. The photograph is dated about 1896 and has a Holsinger, Charlottesville stamp on the left corner. Scaffolding is in the photograph's background, erected during the Rotunda restoration efforts. The exposed fluted columns of the Rotunda's front facade lack plaster in this scene, a result of the intense heat of the 1895 fire."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Holsinger's Studio (Charlottesville, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:26.689Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1776"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_993","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hot Feet (IMP Society) 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