{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2986","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2985","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2987","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=3007"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2986,"next_page":2987,"prev_page":2985,"total_pages":3007,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":29850,"total_count":30067,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings by Lee","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"text":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","Writings by Lee","box 10","folder 1-8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings by Lee","title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"title_tesim":["Writings by Lee"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 10","folder 1-8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_595.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lee, Heslip M. \"Happy\", papers","title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-2003","1949-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1949-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"text":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595","Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","The collection is open for research.","Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.","Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.","The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cP\u003eIn 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.\u003c/P\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. 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Lucas Schuldt at the University of Virginia","box 3","folder 3","Includes a copy of \"Rage and Bone\", two copies of \"Virginia literary review\", clippings of \t\"The Retreat of Eros\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt, \"One Little Doorway and One Big \tHead: Being John Malkovich\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt and \"The End of Innocence: \tLawn Retrospective 2000\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt."],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings by Morgan Lucas Schuldt at the University of Virginia","title_ssm":["Writings by Morgan Lucas Schuldt at the University of Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Writings by Morgan Lucas Schuldt at the University of Virginia"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings by Morgan Lucas Schuldt at the University of Virginia"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Morgan Schuldt papers"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes a copy of \"Rage and Bone\", two copies of \"Virginia literary review\", clippings of \t\"The Retreat of Eros\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt, \"One Little Doorway and One Big \tHead: Being John Malkovich\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt and \"The End of Innocence: \tLawn Retrospective 2000\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes a copy of \"Rage and Bone\", two copies of \"Virginia literary review\", clippings of \t\"The Retreat of Eros\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt, \"One Little Doorway and One Big \tHead: Being John Malkovich\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt and \"The End of Innocence: \tLawn Retrospective 2000\" by Morgan Lucas Schuldt."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#31","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_999","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_999","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_999","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_999","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_999.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120856","title_filing_ssi":"Schuldt, Morgan Lucas, papers","title_ssm":["Morgan Schuldt papers"],"title_tesim":["Morgan Schuldt papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1980-1983, 1990-2013"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1980-1983, 1990-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16483","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Poetry Center","University of Virginia -- Alumni","poetry","Schuldt, Morgan Lucas. Poems. Selections","free verse","This collection is open for research use.","Poet and publisher, Morgan Lucas Schuldt passed away on January 30, 2012, from complications of Cystic\nFibrosis; he was 33 years old. The son of Barbara Schuldt and Murray Dychtwald, Morgan was born and\nraised in Toms River, New Jersey. He earned a bachelor's degree in English Literature and graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Virginia in 2000. He earned an MFA in Poetry in 2002 and an MA in English Literature in 2007 from the University of Arizona and became an adjunct professor there teaching Poetry. Tucson became his inspiration and where he pursued a career in writing, editing, and teaching.  He was the author of \"Verge,\" (2007) a collection of poems published by Free Verse Editions, three chapbooks, and \"erros\" Poems, (2013) published posthumously. He co-founded \"Cue\" a journal of prose poems and CUE Editions, a Poetry Press. Based in Tucson, Arizona, CUE Editions is an independent micro-press that specializes in limited-edition, hand-made chapbooks by new and established poets.","His poems appeared in over thirty print and online journals, including \"American Letters and Commentary,\" \"Coconut,\" \"CutBank,\" \"Diagram,\" \"EOAGH,\" \"Fence,\" \"Gulf Coast,\" \"H_NGM_N,\" \"Hotel AmeriKa,\" \"LIT,\" \"The Massachusetts Review,\" \"Notre Dame Review,\" \"Pleiades,\" \"Sentence: A Journal of Prose Poetics,\" \"Verse,\" and \"West Branch.\" His poems were anthologized in \"Best New Poets 2007\" (University of Virginia Press, 2007), \"The Bedside Guide to No Tell Motel\" (No Tell Books, 2007), and \"Prose Poetry / Flash Fiction: An Anthology\" (Starcherone Books, 2006).","Information taken from https://poetry.arizona.edu/visit/about-poetry-center/reading-lecture-series/morgan-lucas-schuldt-memorial-reading and https://thebreathefoundation.org/about-us/about-morgan-lucas-schuldt/","This collection consists of the working files of the poet and publisher Morgan Schuldt. Included are drafts of his poetry that include Schuldt's annotations and edits and thirteen hard and soft bound journals that include Schuldt's writing as well as other poetry of interest to him. 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Poetry Center"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Arizona. Poetry Center"],"creator_ssm":["Schuldt, Morgan Lucas, 1978-2012"],"creator_ssim":["Schuldt, Morgan Lucas, 1978-2012"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Schuldt, Morgan Lucas, 1978-2012"],"creators_ssim":["Schuldt, Morgan Lucas, 1978-2012"],"places_ssim":["University of Arizona. Poetry Center"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on April 8. 2020, by Boyer Rickel."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","poetry","Schuldt, Morgan Lucas. Poems. Selections","free verse"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","poetry","Schuldt, Morgan Lucas. Poems. Selections","free verse"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 4 letter document boxes, 3 five inch boxes and 1 two inch"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 4 letter document boxes, 3 five inch boxes and 1 two inch"],"physfacet_tesim":["Includes 13 journals."],"genreform_ssim":["poetry","Schuldt, Morgan Lucas. Poems. Selections","free verse"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePoet and publisher, Morgan Lucas Schuldt passed away on January 30, 2012, from complications of Cystic\nFibrosis; he was 33 years old. The son of Barbara Schuldt and Murray Dychtwald, Morgan was born and\nraised in Toms River, New Jersey. He earned a bachelor's degree in English Literature and graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Virginia in 2000. He earned an MFA in Poetry in 2002 and an MA in English Literature in 2007 from the University of Arizona and became an adjunct professor there teaching Poetry. Tucson became his inspiration and where he pursued a career in writing, editing, and teaching.  He was the author of \"Verge,\" (2007) a collection of poems published by Free Verse Editions, three chapbooks, and \"erros\" Poems, (2013) published posthumously. He co-founded \"Cue\" a journal of prose poems and CUE Editions, a Poetry Press. Based in Tucson, Arizona, CUE Editions is an independent micro-press that specializes in limited-edition, hand-made chapbooks by new and established poets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis poems appeared in over thirty print and online journals, including \"American Letters and Commentary,\" \"Coconut,\" \"CutBank,\" \"Diagram,\" \"EOAGH,\" \"Fence,\" \"Gulf Coast,\" \"H_NGM_N,\" \"Hotel AmeriKa,\" \"LIT,\" \"The Massachusetts Review,\" \"Notre Dame Review,\" \"Pleiades,\" \"Sentence: A Journal of Prose Poetics,\" \"Verse,\" and \"West Branch.\" His poems were anthologized in \"Best New Poets 2007\" (University of Virginia Press, 2007), \"The Bedside Guide to No Tell Motel\" (No Tell Books, 2007), and \"Prose Poetry / Flash Fiction: An Anthology\" (Starcherone Books, 2006).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformation taken from https://poetry.arizona.edu/visit/about-poetry-center/reading-lecture-series/morgan-lucas-schuldt-memorial-reading and https://thebreathefoundation.org/about-us/about-morgan-lucas-schuldt/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Poet and publisher, Morgan Lucas Schuldt passed away on January 30, 2012, from complications of Cystic\nFibrosis; he was 33 years old. The son of Barbara Schuldt and Murray Dychtwald, Morgan was born and\nraised in Toms River, New Jersey. He earned a bachelor's degree in English Literature and graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Virginia in 2000. He earned an MFA in Poetry in 2002 and an MA in English Literature in 2007 from the University of Arizona and became an adjunct professor there teaching Poetry. Tucson became his inspiration and where he pursued a career in writing, editing, and teaching.  He was the author of \"Verge,\" (2007) a collection of poems published by Free Verse Editions, three chapbooks, and \"erros\" Poems, (2013) published posthumously. He co-founded \"Cue\" a journal of prose poems and CUE Editions, a Poetry Press. Based in Tucson, Arizona, CUE Editions is an independent micro-press that specializes in limited-edition, hand-made chapbooks by new and established poets.","His poems appeared in over thirty print and online journals, including \"American Letters and Commentary,\" \"Coconut,\" \"CutBank,\" \"Diagram,\" \"EOAGH,\" \"Fence,\" \"Gulf Coast,\" \"H_NGM_N,\" \"Hotel AmeriKa,\" \"LIT,\" \"The Massachusetts Review,\" \"Notre Dame Review,\" \"Pleiades,\" \"Sentence: A Journal of Prose Poetics,\" \"Verse,\" and \"West Branch.\" His poems were anthologized in \"Best New Poets 2007\" (University of Virginia Press, 2007), \"The Bedside Guide to No Tell Motel\" (No Tell Books, 2007), and \"Prose Poetry / Flash Fiction: An Anthology\" (Starcherone Books, 2006).","Information taken from https://poetry.arizona.edu/visit/about-poetry-center/reading-lecture-series/morgan-lucas-schuldt-memorial-reading and https://thebreathefoundation.org/about-us/about-morgan-lucas-schuldt/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the working files of the poet and publisher Morgan Schuldt. Included are drafts of his poetry that include Schuldt's annotations and edits and thirteen hard and soft bound journals that include Schuldt's writing as well as other poetry of interest to him. Also included are documents related to his time at University of Virginia and other institutions, chapbooks, and his work for CUE and CUE editions which Schuldt co-founded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the working files of the poet and publisher Morgan Schuldt. Included are drafts of his poetry that include Schuldt's annotations and edits and thirteen hard and soft bound journals that include Schuldt's writing as well as other poetry of interest to him. 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Faculty reviews are closed till 2032; the rest of the collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The donor has retained the literary rights to the published and unpublished literary content in this collection; permission to publish or reproduce the literary materials in this collection is required from the copyright holder. The donor of this collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property of the non-literary content to the Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"containers_ssim":["Box 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:03:25.365Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6881","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6881","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6881","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6881","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6881.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208464","title_ssm":["Jeff Mann Papers"],"title_tesim":["Jeff Mann Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1975-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1975-2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4524","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Faculty reviews are closed till 2032; the rest of the collection is open for research.","Jeffrey A. Mann, poet, memoirist, fiction writer, and creative writing professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech), was born in Clifton Forge, Virginia in 1959 to Perry and Clara Mann. He spent most of his early life in Hinton, West Virginia, where he left in 1977 to attend West Virginia University. ","At WVU Mann received a B.A. in English (magna cum laude) and a B.S. in forestry (magna cum laude) in 1981.  He received his M.A. in English in 1984 from West Virginia University.  Mann's poems written while at WVU describe his life in Morgantown as a student and a gay man. ","After graduation Mann taught briefly at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (1985), but he missed mountain life so returned to WVU to teach English, 1987-1989. In 1989 he was asked to teach Introduction to Appalachian Studies at Virginia Tech where he eventually became a full time tenured faculty member in the English Department.","Mann continues to write, penning 6 books of poetry, three volumes of short fiction, a book of poetry and memoir, and three collections of essays.  Through his writing Mann explores the themes of gay sexuality, Appalachia, and the rites of manhood. His most recent project is as co-editor of  LGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia , 2019.  Mann's poems and novels have received wide acclaim and numerous awards including two Lambda Awards and four National Leather Association-International literary awards.","[Extracted from various sources including Mann's autobiographical work  Loving Mountains, Loving Men ]","Papers of Jeff Mann, a West Virginia University alumnus, author, and Virginia Tech (VT) English professor.  The collection chronicles Mann's prolific writing of predominantly poetry beginning with early poems from his time at WVU in Morgantown in the 1980s.  In addition to over 300 poems, the collection includes working manuscripts of unpublished works, serial publications containing his poetry and other published works including novels, short stories, and essays.  Publicity materials are represented by newspaper articles, posters and flyers, book catalogs, and writers' blurbs for his books. Other materials include correspondence and contracts with publishers, some personal correspondence, some Virginia Tech Department of English publications and faculty evaluations of Mann.","Mann's writing is represented by working manuscripts, topic ideas and background research, rough outlines, publishers' proofs, edited drafts of all genres of his writing, and final published versions.  In addition to a large number of poems, it also includes essays, novels, short stories, and a few speeches, all related to Mann's experience as a gay man in Appalachia.","Most of the poems (boxes 2, 4-5) are typed, but the earlier ones, 1982-1986, are handwritten manuscripts.  The typed poems are sorted by Mann alphabetically, primarily into reused individual folders. Some have handwritten edits by Mann, some with comments by others from when the poems were workshopped, and some with edits from friends and family. Some poems also come with rough early ideas; words; and research on the topic, such as the Civil War.  The poems often reflect major Appalachian themes such as love of place and the beauty and culture of the mountains. Some are set in West Virginia locales and towns including Morgantown, Beckley, and Hinton.  Poems by authors other than Mann include ones written about him and poems by Robin Mullen.","Being a gay man in Appalachia is a major theme in Mann's essays, short stories, and novels; many are homoerotic.  Working manuscripts sometime with handwritten notes include  Edge ,  A History of Barbed Wire ,  Loving Mountains, Loving Men ,  Bones Washed in Wine , and others. Mann was also interested in Norse mythology and neopaganism which is reflected in some of his stories and essays.","Scattered throughout the collection are promotional materials for Mann's verse and prose which include posters for appearances and readings; newspaper and magazine articles about Mann; interviews; book reviews; blurbs in praise of specific books; and catalogs for gay books, such as the insightoutbooks catalog which includes Mann's books. \nThe majority of the correspondence in the collection is with publishers (mostly in boxes 2 and 5) and includes contracts and agreements, galley proofs of manuscripts and corrections, author's blurbs, cover art, and royalty check stubs. Publishers include Gival Press, Haworth Press, L.B. Taurus, Harrington Park Press, Alyson Books, Lethe Press, various university presses including West Virginia University and Ohio University, and more.  Other business matters include acceptance and rejection letters for faculty positions at various universities, acceptance and rejection letters for submitted poems, invitations to submit poems, and poetry contest wins and losses. Additional correspondence deals with other business matters including a consulting contract with Edvantia, and requests for other authors' permissions to use their materials in books.","There is scant personal correspondence which includes letters from his father, Perry; his mother; and his sister, Amy, who provided feedback on poems.  There are also some cards and letters from friends and some thank you cards from students and others.  Two letters from friends (box 2) recount their coming out as gay experiences.  Print emails (box 3) sent to Virginia Tech alumni chapter presidents pertain to a challenge from an alumnus who objected to Mann as an instructor and questions giving to Virginia Tech. In addition to the original email to the alumni, the stream includes correspondence from those supportive and encouraging to Mann.","Other materials from Virginia Tech include comments and formal evaluations on Mann's performance as an English Department faculty member, his promotion to tenure, and letters of praise for Mann's teaching (predominantly box 3).  The collection also includes other VT publications such as the VT English Department newsletter and others (also predominantly box 3).","There are a few photographs: one of Mann eating a donut while at West Virginia University in the 1980s (box 8), some with friends (box 1), and a formal head shot with a humorous enclosure (box 2).","The Addendum of 2022/09/02 includes both manuscripts of unpublished works as well as pubished poems in serial publications and short stories in anthologies.  Significantly, Mann's  Masters Degree thesis (1984) and some earlier writings for college course work are included.  Conference programs for those Mann regularly attended include the Appalachian Studies Conference and the National Teachers of English conference.","This collection is minimally processed.","The donor has retained the literary rights to the published and unpublished literary content in this collection; permission to publish or reproduce the literary materials in this collection is required from the copyright holder. The donor of this collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property of the non-literary content to the Center. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Mann, Jeff","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4524","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6881"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jeff Mann Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jeff Mann Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Jeff Mann Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Mann, Jeff"],"creator_ssim":["Mann, Jeff"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mann, Jeff"],"creators_ssim":["Mann, Jeff"],"access_terms_ssm":["The donor has retained the literary rights to the published and unpublished literary content in this collection; permission to publish or reproduce the literary materials in this collection is required from the copyright holder. The donor of this collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property of the non-literary content to the Center. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Jeff Mann, 2021"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gay authors","Gay men -- Fiction","Gays -- Fiction","Sadomasochism","Bondage (Sexual behavior)","Poetry -- Appalachian Region"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gay authors","Gay men -- Fiction","Gays -- Fiction","Sadomasochism","Bondage (Sexual behavior)","Poetry -- Appalachian Region"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.54 Linear Feet 7 ft. 2 1/2 in. (7 records cartons, 15 in. each); (4 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["10.54 Linear Feet 7 ft. 2 1/2 in. (7 records cartons, 15 in. each); (4 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial access restriction applies. Faculty reviews are closed till 2032; the rest of the collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Special access restriction applies. Faculty reviews are closed till 2032; the rest of the collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJeffrey A. Mann, poet, memoirist, fiction writer, and creative writing professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech), was born in Clifton Forge, Virginia in 1959 to Perry and Clara Mann. He spent most of his early life in Hinton, West Virginia, where he left in 1977 to attend West Virginia University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt WVU Mann received a B.A. in English (magna cum laude) and a B.S. in forestry (magna cum laude) in 1981.  He received his M.A. in English in 1984 from West Virginia University.  Mann's poems written while at WVU describe his life in Morgantown as a student and a gay man. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduation Mann taught briefly at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (1985), but he missed mountain life so returned to WVU to teach English, 1987-1989. In 1989 he was asked to teach Introduction to Appalachian Studies at Virginia Tech where he eventually became a full time tenured faculty member in the English Department.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMann continues to write, penning 6 books of poetry, three volumes of short fiction, a book of poetry and memoir, and three collections of essays.  Through his writing Mann explores the themes of gay sexuality, Appalachia, and the rites of manhood. His most recent project is as co-editor of \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eLGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, 2019.  Mann's poems and novels have received wide acclaim and numerous awards including two Lambda Awards and four National Leather Association-International literary awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Extracted from various sources including Mann's autobiographical work \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eLoving Mountains, Loving Men\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeffrey A. Mann, poet, memoirist, fiction writer, and creative writing professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech), was born in Clifton Forge, Virginia in 1959 to Perry and Clara Mann. He spent most of his early life in Hinton, West Virginia, where he left in 1977 to attend West Virginia University. ","At WVU Mann received a B.A. in English (magna cum laude) and a B.S. in forestry (magna cum laude) in 1981.  He received his M.A. in English in 1984 from West Virginia University.  Mann's poems written while at WVU describe his life in Morgantown as a student and a gay man. ","After graduation Mann taught briefly at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (1985), but he missed mountain life so returned to WVU to teach English, 1987-1989. In 1989 he was asked to teach Introduction to Appalachian Studies at Virginia Tech where he eventually became a full time tenured faculty member in the English Department.","Mann continues to write, penning 6 books of poetry, three volumes of short fiction, a book of poetry and memoir, and three collections of essays.  Through his writing Mann explores the themes of gay sexuality, Appalachia, and the rites of manhood. His most recent project is as co-editor of  LGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia , 2019.  Mann's poems and novels have received wide acclaim and numerous awards including two Lambda Awards and four National Leather Association-International literary awards.","[Extracted from various sources including Mann's autobiographical work  Loving Mountains, Loving Men ]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Jeff Mann Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4524, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Jeff Mann Papers, A\u0026M 4524, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Jeff Mann, a West Virginia University alumnus, author, and Virginia Tech (VT) English professor.  The collection chronicles Mann's prolific writing of predominantly poetry beginning with early poems from his time at WVU in Morgantown in the 1980s.  In addition to over 300 poems, the collection includes working manuscripts of unpublished works, serial publications containing his poetry and other published works including novels, short stories, and essays.  Publicity materials are represented by newspaper articles, posters and flyers, book catalogs, and writers' blurbs for his books. Other materials include correspondence and contracts with publishers, some personal correspondence, some Virginia Tech Department of English publications and faculty evaluations of Mann.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMann's writing is represented by working manuscripts, topic ideas and background research, rough outlines, publishers' proofs, edited drafts of all genres of his writing, and final published versions.  In addition to a large number of poems, it also includes essays, novels, short stories, and a few speeches, all related to Mann's experience as a gay man in Appalachia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the poems (boxes 2, 4-5) are typed, but the earlier ones, 1982-1986, are handwritten manuscripts.  The typed poems are sorted by Mann alphabetically, primarily into reused individual folders. Some have handwritten edits by Mann, some with comments by others from when the poems were workshopped, and some with edits from friends and family. Some poems also come with rough early ideas; words; and research on the topic, such as the Civil War.  The poems often reflect major Appalachian themes such as love of place and the beauty and culture of the mountains. Some are set in West Virginia locales and towns including Morgantown, Beckley, and Hinton.  Poems by authors other than Mann include ones written about him and poems by Robin Mullen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeing a gay man in Appalachia is a major theme in Mann's essays, short stories, and novels; many are homoerotic.  Working manuscripts sometime with handwritten notes include \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eEdge\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eA History of Barbed Wire\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eLoving Mountains, Loving Men\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eBones Washed in Wine\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, and others. Mann was also interested in Norse mythology and neopaganism which is reflected in some of his stories and essays.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScattered throughout the collection are promotional materials for Mann's verse and prose which include posters for appearances and readings; newspaper and magazine articles about Mann; interviews; book reviews; blurbs in praise of specific books; and catalogs for gay books, such as the insightoutbooks catalog which includes Mann's books.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe majority of the correspondence in the collection is with publishers (mostly in boxes 2 and 5) and includes contracts and agreements, galley proofs of manuscripts and corrections, author's blurbs, cover art, and royalty check stubs. Publishers include Gival Press, Haworth Press, L.B. Taurus, Harrington Park Press, Alyson Books, Lethe Press, various university presses including West Virginia University and Ohio University, and more.  Other business matters include acceptance and rejection letters for faculty positions at various universities, acceptance and rejection letters for submitted poems, invitations to submit poems, and poetry contest wins and losses. Additional correspondence deals with other business matters including a consulting contract with Edvantia, and requests for other authors' permissions to use their materials in books.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is scant personal correspondence which includes letters from his father, Perry; his mother; and his sister, Amy, who provided feedback on poems.  There are also some cards and letters from friends and some thank you cards from students and others.  Two letters from friends (box 2) recount their coming out as gay experiences.  Print emails (box 3) sent to Virginia Tech alumni chapter presidents pertain to a challenge from an alumnus who objected to Mann as an instructor and questions giving to Virginia Tech. In addition to the original email to the alumni, the stream includes correspondence from those supportive and encouraging to Mann.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials from Virginia Tech include comments and formal evaluations on Mann's performance as an English Department faculty member, his promotion to tenure, and letters of praise for Mann's teaching (predominantly box 3).  The collection also includes other VT publications such as the VT English Department newsletter and others (also predominantly box 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few photographs: one of Mann eating a donut while at West Virginia University in the 1980s (box 8), some with friends (box 1), and a formal head shot with a humorous enclosure (box 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Addendum of 2022/09/02 includes both manuscripts of unpublished works as well as pubished poems in serial publications and short stories in anthologies.  Significantly, Mann's  Masters Degree thesis (1984) and some earlier writings for college course work are included.  Conference programs for those Mann regularly attended include the Appalachian Studies Conference and the National Teachers of English conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Jeff Mann, a West Virginia University alumnus, author, and Virginia Tech (VT) English professor.  The collection chronicles Mann's prolific writing of predominantly poetry beginning with early poems from his time at WVU in Morgantown in the 1980s.  In addition to over 300 poems, the collection includes working manuscripts of unpublished works, serial publications containing his poetry and other published works including novels, short stories, and essays.  Publicity materials are represented by newspaper articles, posters and flyers, book catalogs, and writers' blurbs for his books. Other materials include correspondence and contracts with publishers, some personal correspondence, some Virginia Tech Department of English publications and faculty evaluations of Mann.","Mann's writing is represented by working manuscripts, topic ideas and background research, rough outlines, publishers' proofs, edited drafts of all genres of his writing, and final published versions.  In addition to a large number of poems, it also includes essays, novels, short stories, and a few speeches, all related to Mann's experience as a gay man in Appalachia.","Most of the poems (boxes 2, 4-5) are typed, but the earlier ones, 1982-1986, are handwritten manuscripts.  The typed poems are sorted by Mann alphabetically, primarily into reused individual folders. Some have handwritten edits by Mann, some with comments by others from when the poems were workshopped, and some with edits from friends and family. Some poems also come with rough early ideas; words; and research on the topic, such as the Civil War.  The poems often reflect major Appalachian themes such as love of place and the beauty and culture of the mountains. Some are set in West Virginia locales and towns including Morgantown, Beckley, and Hinton.  Poems by authors other than Mann include ones written about him and poems by Robin Mullen.","Being a gay man in Appalachia is a major theme in Mann's essays, short stories, and novels; many are homoerotic.  Working manuscripts sometime with handwritten notes include  Edge ,  A History of Barbed Wire ,  Loving Mountains, Loving Men ,  Bones Washed in Wine , and others. Mann was also interested in Norse mythology and neopaganism which is reflected in some of his stories and essays.","Scattered throughout the collection are promotional materials for Mann's verse and prose which include posters for appearances and readings; newspaper and magazine articles about Mann; interviews; book reviews; blurbs in praise of specific books; and catalogs for gay books, such as the insightoutbooks catalog which includes Mann's books. \nThe majority of the correspondence in the collection is with publishers (mostly in boxes 2 and 5) and includes contracts and agreements, galley proofs of manuscripts and corrections, author's blurbs, cover art, and royalty check stubs. Publishers include Gival Press, Haworth Press, L.B. Taurus, Harrington Park Press, Alyson Books, Lethe Press, various university presses including West Virginia University and Ohio University, and more.  Other business matters include acceptance and rejection letters for faculty positions at various universities, acceptance and rejection letters for submitted poems, invitations to submit poems, and poetry contest wins and losses. Additional correspondence deals with other business matters including a consulting contract with Edvantia, and requests for other authors' permissions to use their materials in books.","There is scant personal correspondence which includes letters from his father, Perry; his mother; and his sister, Amy, who provided feedback on poems.  There are also some cards and letters from friends and some thank you cards from students and others.  Two letters from friends (box 2) recount their coming out as gay experiences.  Print emails (box 3) sent to Virginia Tech alumni chapter presidents pertain to a challenge from an alumnus who objected to Mann as an instructor and questions giving to Virginia Tech. In addition to the original email to the alumni, the stream includes correspondence from those supportive and encouraging to Mann.","Other materials from Virginia Tech include comments and formal evaluations on Mann's performance as an English Department faculty member, his promotion to tenure, and letters of praise for Mann's teaching (predominantly box 3).  The collection also includes other VT publications such as the VT English Department newsletter and others (also predominantly box 3).","There are a few photographs: one of Mann eating a donut while at West Virginia University in the 1980s (box 8), some with friends (box 1), and a formal head shot with a humorous enclosure (box 2).","The Addendum of 2022/09/02 includes both manuscripts of unpublished works as well as pubished poems in serial publications and short stories in anthologies.  Significantly, Mann's  Masters Degree thesis (1984) and some earlier writings for college course work are included.  Conference programs for those Mann regularly attended include the Appalachian Studies Conference and the National Teachers of English conference.","This collection is minimally processed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor has retained the literary rights to the published and unpublished literary content in this collection; permission to publish or reproduce the literary materials in this collection is required from the copyright holder. The donor of this collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property of the non-literary content to the Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The donor has retained the literary rights to the published and unpublished literary content in this collection; permission to publish or reproduce the literary materials in this collection is required from the copyright holder. The donor of this collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property of the non-literary content to the Center. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2c53415ca32a6aa390367d6e3ee2f106\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Mann, Jeff"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mann, Jeff"],"persname_ssim":["Mann, Jeff"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:03:25.365Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6881_c09_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writing Workshops","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_948","viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03","viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_948","viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03","viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Garrett papers","Papers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities","Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Garrett papers","Papers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities","Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops"],"text":["George Garrett papers","Papers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities","Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops","Writing Workshops","box 65","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing Workshops","title_ssm":["Writing Workshops"],"title_tesim":["Writing Workshops"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing Workshops"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["George Garrett papers"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":584,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There ars no access restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no use restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.)."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"containers_ssim":["box 65","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#34","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:36.827Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_948","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_948.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147862","title_filing_ssi":"Garrett, George, papers","title_ssm":["George Garrett papers"],"title_tesim":["George Garrett papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-2008, bulk 1930-2008"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1855-2008, bulk 1930-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 13273","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/948"],"text":["MSS 13273","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/948","George Garrett papers","There ars no access restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.).","The papers of George Garrett are organized in four series: ","I)\tCorrespondence of George Garrett\nSubseries A: Alphabetical Correspondence (Boxes 1-18)\nSubseries B: Topical Correspondence (Boxes 19-21)\nII)\tManuscripts by George Garrett: \nSubseries A: Shorter Works (Boxes 22-42)\nSubseries B: Speeches and Talks (Boxes 43-44)\nSubseries C: Books (Boxes 45-56)\nSubseries D: Dictionary of Literary Biography Articles arranged chronologically (Boxes 57-60)\nIII)\tPapers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities \nSubseries A: Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops (Boxes 61-65)\nSubseries B: Professional and Personal Papers of George Garrett (Boxes 66-85)\nIV)\tManuscripts by Other Authors (Boxes 86-104)               ","George Palmer Garrett, Jr. was born to George Palmer and Rosalie Toomer Garrett in Orlando, Florida, on June 11, 1929. He married musician Susan Parrish Jackson on June 14, 1952, and they had three children, William Palmer Garrett, Rosalie Alice Garrett, and George Gorham Garrett. Garrett died in Charlottesville, on May 26, 2008, at 78 years of age. \nGarrett graduated from the Sewanee Military Academy, Sewanee, Tennessee, in 1946, and the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1947. His college education began at Princeton, where he was awarded his Bachelor's degree in 1952, his Master's in 1956, and his doctorate in 1985 for his work on his three Elizabethan novels. After his graduation from Princeton in 1952, Garrett served in the U.S. Army Active Reserves (Field Artillery) in the Free Territory of Trieste and in Linz, Austria. ","Garrett taught at the University of Virginia from 1962-1967 and again as the Henry Hoyns professor of creative writing from 1984-1999. He also taught at Wesleyan University (1957-1960), Rice University (1961-1962), Hollins College (1967-1971), the University of South Carolina (1971-1974), Princeton (1974-1977), Columbia University (1977-1978), and the University of Michigan (1979-1984). He also served as poetry editor for the Transatlantic Review from 1958-1971. Garrett was a popular choice for literary readings, lectures and talks to a variety of audiences; a book reviewer for many publications; and served as a reader for several academic presses. He was also very generous in his recommendations of students and colleagues and in supporting publications of new authors with blurbs and other statements. ","Some recent examples of Garrett's many awards and honors include:  The T.S. Eliot Award (1989), the Thomas Wolfe Prize (2006), the PEN/Malamud Award for short fiction (1991), the Library of Virginia Lifetime Achievement Award (2005), the New York Public Library Literary Lion Award (1988), Aiken-Taylor Award (1999) the Cleanth Brooks Medal for Lifetime Achievement from the Fellowship of Southern Writers (2005), and the Carole Weinstein Poetry Prize (2006). \n    \nHe also served as Vice-Chancellor of the Fellowship of Southern Writers, 1988-1993, and as Chancellor, 1993-1997, as well as President of the Associated Writing Programs, 1971-1974.","For more information about Garrett and his work, the following books are useful: Understanding George Garrett by R.H.W. Dillard; George Garrett: the Elizabethan Trilogy edited by Brooke Horvath and Irving Malin; To Come Up Grinning: A Tribute to George Garrett by Paul Ruffin and Stuart Wright; and The Art of the Magic Striptease: the Literary Layers of George Garrett by Casey Clabough. Stuart Wright has also edited George Garrett A Bibliography, 1947-1988, which is useful for his earlier work. Resources within the collections include three folders of articles about George Garrett in Box 66 and assorted news clippings about his career in Box 76. There are also numerous resources available on the internet and other shorter print sources.","The papers of George Garrett (1929-2008), American novelist, poet, playwright, editor, and former University of Virginia English professor, consists of about 30,000 items (104 Hollinger boxes, ca. 43.5 linear feet), chiefly 1930-2008, with some earlier photographs and Garrett family materials dating back to 1855. The collection contains correspondence, manuscripts and typescripts of literary and critical work by George Garrett, interviews, manuscripts  and typescripts by other writers, speeches and talks by Garrett, Garrett's articles and other work for the Dictionary of Literary Biography, screenplays, research notes and other research materials, genealogy and family history, photographs, computer disks of his work, and audiocassette tapes. The audio cassette tapes have been transferred to a separate number (MSS 13273-f) to facilitate access, description, and barcoding. Electronic versions of Garrett's work, chiefly interviews and some short stories, are listed in this guide and can be made available to scholars in the Special Collections reading room.","There are no use restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 13273","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/948"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Garrett papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Garrett papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Garrett papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the collection was received in two shipments, 38 cubics on March 23, 2005, and 15 cubics on July 29, 2005. This group became (13273) and although it was originally a deposit it became a gift upon the death of George Garrett.  A smaller addition of four items (MSS 13273-a, formerly MSS 10903-a) was given to Special Collections by George Garrett on January 31 and March 3, 1990. Six additional cubics (MSS 13273-b) were given to Special Collections by Garrett on March 30, 2006. Other groups were added by his wife, Susan Garrett, on August 12 and November 24, 2008 (MSS 13273-c) and January 6, 2009 (MSS 13273-d) and a final gift from Susan Garrett on April 13, 2009 and October 6, 2010 (MSS 13273-e). These have all been combined and processed as one large collection with a single guide. ","A small addition (viu 2018-0066), all pertaining to Garrett's \"Poison Pen\" manuscript, was given to Special Collections on March 23, 2018, by Charlie Lovett."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["56 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere ars no access restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.).\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There ars no access restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of George Garrett are organized in four series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI)\tCorrespondence of George Garrett\nSubseries A: Alphabetical Correspondence (Boxes 1-18)\nSubseries B: Topical Correspondence (Boxes 19-21)\nII)\tManuscripts by George Garrett: \nSubseries A: Shorter Works (Boxes 22-42)\nSubseries B: Speeches and Talks (Boxes 43-44)\nSubseries C: Books (Boxes 45-56)\nSubseries D: Dictionary of Literary Biography Articles arranged chronologically (Boxes 57-60)\nIII)\tPapers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities \nSubseries A: Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops (Boxes 61-65)\nSubseries B: Professional and Personal Papers of George Garrett (Boxes 66-85)\nIV)\tManuscripts by Other Authors (Boxes 86-104)               \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers of George Garrett are organized in four series: ","I)\tCorrespondence of George Garrett\nSubseries A: Alphabetical Correspondence (Boxes 1-18)\nSubseries B: Topical Correspondence (Boxes 19-21)\nII)\tManuscripts by George Garrett: \nSubseries A: Shorter Works (Boxes 22-42)\nSubseries B: Speeches and Talks (Boxes 43-44)\nSubseries C: Books (Boxes 45-56)\nSubseries D: Dictionary of Literary Biography Articles arranged chronologically (Boxes 57-60)\nIII)\tPapers concerning Professional, Personal, and Organizational Activities \nSubseries A: Organizations, Conferences, and Workshops (Boxes 61-65)\nSubseries B: Professional and Personal Papers of George Garrett (Boxes 66-85)\nIV)\tManuscripts by Other Authors (Boxes 86-104)               "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Palmer Garrett, Jr. was born to George Palmer and Rosalie Toomer Garrett in Orlando, Florida, on June 11, 1929. He married musician Susan Parrish Jackson on June 14, 1952, and they had three children, William Palmer Garrett, Rosalie Alice Garrett, and George Gorham Garrett. Garrett died in Charlottesville, on May 26, 2008, at 78 years of age. \nGarrett graduated from the Sewanee Military Academy, Sewanee, Tennessee, in 1946, and the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1947. His college education began at Princeton, where he was awarded his Bachelor's degree in 1952, his Master's in 1956, and his doctorate in 1985 for his work on his three Elizabethan novels. After his graduation from Princeton in 1952, Garrett served in the U.S. Army Active Reserves (Field Artillery) in the Free Territory of Trieste and in Linz, Austria. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGarrett taught at the University of Virginia from 1962-1967 and again as the Henry Hoyns professor of creative writing from 1984-1999. He also taught at Wesleyan University (1957-1960), Rice University (1961-1962), Hollins College (1967-1971), the University of South Carolina (1971-1974), Princeton (1974-1977), Columbia University (1977-1978), and the University of Michigan (1979-1984). He also served as poetry editor for the Transatlantic Review from 1958-1971. Garrett was a popular choice for literary readings, lectures and talks to a variety of audiences; a book reviewer for many publications; and served as a reader for several academic presses. He was also very generous in his recommendations of students and colleagues and in supporting publications of new authors with blurbs and other statements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome recent examples of Garrett's many awards and honors include:  The T.S. Eliot Award (1989), the Thomas Wolfe Prize (2006), the PEN/Malamud Award for short fiction (1991), the Library of Virginia Lifetime Achievement Award (2005), the New York Public Library Literary Lion Award (1988), Aiken-Taylor Award (1999) the Cleanth Brooks Medal for Lifetime Achievement from the Fellowship of Southern Writers (2005), and the Carole Weinstein Poetry Prize (2006). \n    \nHe also served as Vice-Chancellor of the Fellowship of Southern Writers, 1988-1993, and as Chancellor, 1993-1997, as well as President of the Associated Writing Programs, 1971-1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information about Garrett and his work, the following books are useful: Understanding George Garrett by R.H.W. Dillard; George Garrett: the Elizabethan Trilogy edited by Brooke Horvath and Irving Malin; To Come Up Grinning: A Tribute to George Garrett by Paul Ruffin and Stuart Wright; and The Art of the Magic Striptease: the Literary Layers of George Garrett by Casey Clabough. Stuart Wright has also edited George Garrett A Bibliography, 1947-1988, which is useful for his earlier work. Resources within the collections include three folders of articles about George Garrett in Box 66 and assorted news clippings about his career in Box 76. There are also numerous resources available on the internet and other shorter print sources.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Palmer Garrett, Jr. was born to George Palmer and Rosalie Toomer Garrett in Orlando, Florida, on June 11, 1929. He married musician Susan Parrish Jackson on June 14, 1952, and they had three children, William Palmer Garrett, Rosalie Alice Garrett, and George Gorham Garrett. Garrett died in Charlottesville, on May 26, 2008, at 78 years of age. \nGarrett graduated from the Sewanee Military Academy, Sewanee, Tennessee, in 1946, and the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1947. His college education began at Princeton, where he was awarded his Bachelor's degree in 1952, his Master's in 1956, and his doctorate in 1985 for his work on his three Elizabethan novels. After his graduation from Princeton in 1952, Garrett served in the U.S. Army Active Reserves (Field Artillery) in the Free Territory of Trieste and in Linz, Austria. ","Garrett taught at the University of Virginia from 1962-1967 and again as the Henry Hoyns professor of creative writing from 1984-1999. He also taught at Wesleyan University (1957-1960), Rice University (1961-1962), Hollins College (1967-1971), the University of South Carolina (1971-1974), Princeton (1974-1977), Columbia University (1977-1978), and the University of Michigan (1979-1984). He also served as poetry editor for the Transatlantic Review from 1958-1971. Garrett was a popular choice for literary readings, lectures and talks to a variety of audiences; a book reviewer for many publications; and served as a reader for several academic presses. He was also very generous in his recommendations of students and colleagues and in supporting publications of new authors with blurbs and other statements. ","Some recent examples of Garrett's many awards and honors include:  The T.S. Eliot Award (1989), the Thomas Wolfe Prize (2006), the PEN/Malamud Award for short fiction (1991), the Library of Virginia Lifetime Achievement Award (2005), the New York Public Library Literary Lion Award (1988), Aiken-Taylor Award (1999) the Cleanth Brooks Medal for Lifetime Achievement from the Fellowship of Southern Writers (2005), and the Carole Weinstein Poetry Prize (2006). \n    \nHe also served as Vice-Chancellor of the Fellowship of Southern Writers, 1988-1993, and as Chancellor, 1993-1997, as well as President of the Associated Writing Programs, 1971-1974.","For more information about Garrett and his work, the following books are useful: Understanding George Garrett by R.H.W. Dillard; George Garrett: the Elizabethan Trilogy edited by Brooke Horvath and Irving Malin; To Come Up Grinning: A Tribute to George Garrett by Paul Ruffin and Stuart Wright; and The Art of the Magic Striptease: the Literary Layers of George Garrett by Casey Clabough. Stuart Wright has also edited George Garrett A Bibliography, 1947-1988, which is useful for his earlier work. Resources within the collections include three folders of articles about George Garrett in Box 66 and assorted news clippings about his career in Box 76. There are also numerous resources available on the internet and other shorter print sources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Garrett papers, MSS 13273, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Garrett papers, MSS 13273, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of George Garrett (1929-2008), American novelist, poet, playwright, editor, and former University of Virginia English professor, consists of about 30,000 items (104 Hollinger boxes, ca. 43.5 linear feet), chiefly 1930-2008, with some earlier photographs and Garrett family materials dating back to 1855. The collection contains correspondence, manuscripts and typescripts of literary and critical work by George Garrett, interviews, manuscripts  and typescripts by other writers, speeches and talks by Garrett, Garrett's articles and other work for the Dictionary of Literary Biography, screenplays, research notes and other research materials, genealogy and family history, photographs, computer disks of his work, and audiocassette tapes. The audio cassette tapes have been transferred to a separate number (MSS 13273-f) to facilitate access, description, and barcoding. Electronic versions of Garrett's work, chiefly interviews and some short stories, are listed in this guide and can be made available to scholars in the Special Collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of George Garrett (1929-2008), American novelist, poet, playwright, editor, and former University of Virginia English professor, consists of about 30,000 items (104 Hollinger boxes, ca. 43.5 linear feet), chiefly 1930-2008, with some earlier photographs and Garrett family materials dating back to 1855. The collection contains correspondence, manuscripts and typescripts of literary and critical work by George Garrett, interviews, manuscripts  and typescripts by other writers, speeches and talks by Garrett, Garrett's articles and other work for the Dictionary of Literary Biography, screenplays, research notes and other research materials, genealogy and family history, photographs, computer disks of his work, and audiocassette tapes. The audio cassette tapes have been transferred to a separate number (MSS 13273-f) to facilitate access, description, and barcoding. Electronic versions of Garrett's work, chiefly interviews and some short stories, are listed in this guide and can be made available to scholars in the Special Collections reading room."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions for this collection, except for Box 21, which contains tenure reviews and recommendations, and is restricted under the terms of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (F.E.R.P.A.)."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":950,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:36.827Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_948_c03_c01_c35"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records","Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan Merten, 1996-2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records","Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan Merten, 1996-2012"],"text":["George Mason University Office of the President records","Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan Merten, 1996-2012","WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)","box 21","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)","title_ssm":["WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1997-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1997/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WRLC bylaws and questionnaire (part 1 of 2)"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1633,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 21","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#311","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:37:55.284Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_307.xml","title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"text":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307","George Mason University Office of the President records","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence","Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.","Digital versions are available of two of the ","The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3) Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18) Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6) Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2) Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83) Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78) Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)","The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.","The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the   and the  .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit  .","The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents. ","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten. ","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.","There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.","R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were and are actively being acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center through the Office of the President."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital versions are available of two of the \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~16~16\" title=\"President Thompson scrapbooks.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital versions are available of two of the "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3) Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18) Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6) Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2) Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83) Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78) Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eÁngel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Registrar records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0026\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Senior Vice President records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University: A History\" href=\"https://masonlibraries.org/masonhistory\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the   and the  .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents. ","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten. ","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe5f00f5f1196924ca9248e4e7b3524\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea4c5eee18e65093e3f6f8ba5816dddc\"\u003eR81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","George Mason University. Office of the President","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2384,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:37:55.284Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c07_c312"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01_c1033","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01_c1033#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01_c1033","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01_c1033"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01_c1033","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","VHS"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","VHS"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","VHS","WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement","English .","Box III.E. - 46"],"title_filing_ssi":"WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement","title_ssm":["WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement"],"title_tesim":["WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WSAZ news coverage 6 p.m. hunter? announcement"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2539,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to audiovisual items may be arranged in the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reading room depending on the format. Advance notice is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box III.E. - 46"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4/components#0/components#1032","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. ","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Materials entirely in English."],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. 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Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box I.D. - 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#245","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:19:41.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/209076","title_ssm":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"title_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"text":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4","Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.","U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 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Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II, 2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. 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Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eU.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f256808487385caf174dfc6b5232d43\"\u003eNick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1f011dedf3ebd96ac2358da217630965\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources","Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources"],"persname_ssim":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"language_ssim":["Materials almost entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2067,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:19:41.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c246"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WSVA Office","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04_c97","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs"],"text":["Blackley Family papers","Photographs","WSVA Office","box 25","folder 23"],"title_filing_ssi":"WSVA Office","title_ssm":["WSVA Office"],"title_tesim":["WSVA Office"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WSVA Office"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":526,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"containers_ssim":["box 25","folder 23"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#96","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:06.645Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"text":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Blackley Family papers","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011 Personal Papers, 1857-2016 Ephemera, 1856-2004 Photographs, circa 1861-1989 Scrapbooks, 1862-1931 2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019 2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival . n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's  Schooma'am  yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley family"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","",""],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011 Personal Papers, 1857-2016 Ephemera, 1856-2004 Photographs, circa 1861-1989 Scrapbooks, 1862-1931 2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019 2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed.,  A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival . n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's  Schooma'am  yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. 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Many items in the collection will require preservation reformatting before they can be used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The University Archives Audiovisual Collection is an artificial collection of various audio and visual formats documenting the College of William and Mary campus, events, people, etc. The collection contains analog, magnetic, and digital media and while not comprehensive, it does include material from a variety of time periods and types of events including commencements, Charter Day, building dedications, lecture series, Raft Debates, visiting scholars and distinguished guests, athletic events, and much more.  Researchers are encouraged to verify with staff the format of individual items and availability for immediate use. 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Sullivan, Acc. 2006.007, and was added to this collection in February 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Audiovisual material from the Gentlemen of the College were pulled from their collection and have been added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection under Acc. 2007.030.001-2007.030.093 in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Three reel-to-reel audiotapes of theater productions of \"Fairy Stones,\" \"Greek Rhapsody,\" and a tape labelled \"Chapman 1\" were pulled from this collection and added to the Manuscripts Audiovisual Collection on 1/28/14.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A VHS video cassette tape was pulled from the Office of the President, Timothy J. Sullivan, Acc. 1998.024, and was added to this collection in February 2011."," Twelve cubic feet of videocassette tapes and films of game footage from the William and Mary football team were pulled from Acc. 2011.535 of the Department of Athletics Records (UA 181), and were added to this collection on 8/15/2011."," One DVD was pulled from the Office of the President, Timothy J. Sullivan, Acc. 2006.007, and was added to this collection in February 2012."," Audiovisual material from the Gentlemen of the College were pulled from their collection and have been added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection under Acc. 2007.030.001-2007.030.093 in August 2013."," Three reel-to-reel audiotapes of theater productions of \"Fairy Stones,\" \"Greek Rhapsody,\" and a tape labelled \"Chapman 1\" were pulled from this collection and added to the Manuscripts Audiovisual Collection on 1/28/14."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Choir and Chorus","College of William and Mary. 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