{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=121","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=120","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=122","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=122"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":121,"next_page":122,"prev_page":120,"total_pages":122,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1200,"total_count":1220,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wetlands Plants","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers","Series IV-Office Files, n.d."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers","Series IV-Office Files, n.d."],"text":["John C. Watkins papers","Series IV-Office Files, n.d.","Wetlands Plants","box 82"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wetlands Plants","title_ssm":["Wetlands Plants"],"title_tesim":["Wetlands Plants"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wetlands Plants"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2605,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"date_range_isim":[2000],"containers_ssim":["box 82"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#318","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_140.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Watkins, John C., papers","title_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers"],"title_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1979-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140"],"text":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140","John C. Watkins papers","Virginia -- Politics and government.","Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein.","John C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan.","The collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"collection_ssim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["Watkins, John C."],"creator_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"creators_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections and Archives by John C. Watkins in December 1992. Additional materials were donated in 1998, 1999 and 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["134.4 Linear Feet 134.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["134.4 Linear Feet 134.4 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn C. Watkins papers, Collection # M 300, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers, Collection # M 300, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee"],"persname_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2641,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c04_c319"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02_c13","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WILPF Southeast Area newsletters","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02_c13","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02_c13"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02_c13","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","vircu_repositories_5_resources_613_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records","Series 2: Magazines and newsletters"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records","Series 2: Magazines and newsletters"],"text":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records","Series 2: Magazines and newsletters","WILPF Southeast Area newsletters","box 4","folder 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"WILPF Southeast Area newsletters","title_ssm":["WILPF Southeast Area newsletters"],"title_tesim":["WILPF Southeast Area newsletters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WILPF Southeast Area newsletters"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":64,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000,2001],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_613","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_613.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records","title_ssm":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923-2004, bulk 1967-2004"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1923-2004, bulk 1967-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 563","/repositories/5/resources/613"],"text":["M 563","/repositories/5/resources/613","Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations","Women political activists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Peace movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","The collection is open to research.","Collection is organized chronologically and is separated into two series: Administrative materials (agendas, minutes, statements, policies, reports, correspondence, brochures, event planning, news clippings documenting Richmond WILPF members and activities, photos from events, etc.) and Magazines and newsletters (Peace and Freedom magazine issues, WILPF newsletters, and other Virginia area newsletters).","The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was founded in 1915, early in World War I during an International Suffrage Congress held at the Hague in the Netherlands. Jane Adams was the first president of the organization, which is one of the oldest extant women's peace organizations in the world. WILPF is an organization dedicated to \"world disarmament; full rights for women; radical and economic justice; an end to all forms of violence; and to establish those political social and psychological conditions which can assure peace, freedom and justice for all.\" (WILPF \"Principles and Policies\" U.S. Section pamphlet, 1985). The local Richmond branch of WILPF (sometimes called RILPF) seems to have been founded in the 1960s, with varying levels of activity through the early 2000s.","This collection documents the activities of the Richmond branch of WILPF. Materials were collected by past Richmond WILPF president, Sarah Jean Huggins. The Richmond WILPF records contains materials created between 1923 and 2004, with the bulk of the materials created from 1967-2004.","Formats include: meeting minutes and agendas, event planning materials, flyers, correspondence, annual reports, news clippings, photos, slides, and other administrative materials produced by the Richmond branch. It also includes local, regional, and other WILPF-produced publications, such as brochures, newsletters, magazines, buttons, flyers, and more.","Subjects include: nonviolence and peace; women's rights; anti-war, anti-embargo, and anti-nuclear politics; WILPF national meetings; welfare and child poverty; Marii Hasewaga (a peace activist who worked with WILPF for 50 years and served as the U.S. WILPF president during the Vietnam War. She was forcibly confined with her family by the U.S. Government at the Topaz War Relocation Center from 1942-1945. Hasewaga was named one of the Library of Virginia's Virginia Women in History in 2018); and work to prevent the 1997-1998 reappointment of Richmond Judge Thomas O. Jones due to instances of racism in the courtroom.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch","Huggins, Sarah Jean","Hasewaga, Marii, 1918-2012","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 563","/repositories/5/resources/613"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Huggins, Sarah Jean","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch"],"creator_ssim":["Huggins, Sarah Jean","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Huggins, Sarah Jean"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch"],"creators_ssim":["Huggins, Sarah Jean","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Sarah Jean Huggins, 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Peace movements -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Peace movements -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.71 Linear Feet 4 boxes (1 record storage box, 1 letter document box, 1 half-size letter document box, 1 legal document box)"],"extent_tesim":["1.71 Linear Feet 4 boxes (1 record storage box, 1 letter document box, 1 half-size letter document box, 1 legal document box)"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is organized chronologically and is separated into two series: Administrative materials (agendas, minutes, statements, policies, reports, correspondence, brochures, event planning, news clippings documenting Richmond WILPF members and activities, photos from events, etc.) and Magazines and newsletters (Peace and Freedom magazine issues, WILPF newsletters, and other Virginia area newsletters).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is organized chronologically and is separated into two series: Administrative materials (agendas, minutes, statements, policies, reports, correspondence, brochures, event planning, news clippings documenting Richmond WILPF members and activities, photos from events, etc.) and Magazines and newsletters (Peace and Freedom magazine issues, WILPF newsletters, and other Virginia area newsletters)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was founded in 1915, early in World War I during an International Suffrage Congress held at the Hague in the Netherlands. Jane Adams was the first president of the organization, which is one of the oldest extant women's peace organizations in the world. WILPF is an organization dedicated to \"world disarmament; full rights for women; radical and economic justice; an end to all forms of violence; and to establish those political social and psychological conditions which can assure peace, freedom and justice for all.\" (WILPF \"Principles and Policies\" U.S. Section pamphlet, 1985). The local Richmond branch of WILPF (sometimes called RILPF) seems to have been founded in the 1960s, with varying levels of activity through the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was founded in 1915, early in World War I during an International Suffrage Congress held at the Hague in the Netherlands. Jane Adams was the first president of the organization, which is one of the oldest extant women's peace organizations in the world. WILPF is an organization dedicated to \"world disarmament; full rights for women; radical and economic justice; an end to all forms of violence; and to establish those political social and psychological conditions which can assure peace, freedom and justice for all.\" (WILPF \"Principles and Policies\" U.S. Section pamphlet, 1985). The local Richmond branch of WILPF (sometimes called RILPF) seems to have been founded in the 1960s, with varying levels of activity through the early 2000s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records, 1967-2004, Collection # M 563, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) records, 1967-2004, Collection # M 563, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Richmond branch of WILPF. Materials were collected by past Richmond WILPF president, Sarah Jean Huggins. The Richmond WILPF records contains materials created between 1923 and 2004, with the bulk of the materials created from 1967-2004.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFormats include: meeting minutes and agendas, event planning materials, flyers, correspondence, annual reports, news clippings, photos, slides, and other administrative materials produced by the Richmond branch. It also includes local, regional, and other WILPF-produced publications, such as brochures, newsletters, magazines, buttons, flyers, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: nonviolence and peace; women's rights; anti-war, anti-embargo, and anti-nuclear politics; WILPF national meetings; welfare and child poverty; Marii Hasewaga (a peace activist who worked with WILPF for 50 years and served as the U.S. WILPF president during the Vietnam War. She was forcibly confined with her family by the U.S. Government at the Topaz War Relocation Center from 1942-1945. Hasewaga was named one of the Library of Virginia's Virginia Women in History in 2018); and work to prevent the 1997-1998 reappointment of Richmond Judge Thomas O. Jones due to instances of racism in the courtroom.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Richmond branch of WILPF. Materials were collected by past Richmond WILPF president, Sarah Jean Huggins. The Richmond WILPF records contains materials created between 1923 and 2004, with the bulk of the materials created from 1967-2004.","Formats include: meeting minutes and agendas, event planning materials, flyers, correspondence, annual reports, news clippings, photos, slides, and other administrative materials produced by the Richmond branch. It also includes local, regional, and other WILPF-produced publications, such as brochures, newsletters, magazines, buttons, flyers, and more.","Subjects include: nonviolence and peace; women's rights; anti-war, anti-embargo, and anti-nuclear politics; WILPF national meetings; welfare and child poverty; Marii Hasewaga (a peace activist who worked with WILPF for 50 years and served as the U.S. WILPF president during the Vietnam War. She was forcibly confined with her family by the U.S. Government at the Topaz War Relocation Center from 1942-1945. Hasewaga was named one of the Library of Virginia's Virginia Women in History in 2018); and work to prevent the 1997-1998 reappointment of Richmond Judge Thomas O. Jones due to instances of racism in the courtroom."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch","Huggins, Sarah Jean","Hasewaga, Marii, 1918-2012"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch","Huggins, Sarah Jean","Hasewaga, Marii, 1918-2012"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Richmond Branch"],"persname_ssim":["Huggins, Sarah Jean","Hasewaga, Marii, 1918-2012"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Notes in the program books cannot be reproduced without written permission of the author.","All literary property rights are retained by the Richmond Symphony."],"date_range_isim":[2000,2001],"containers_ssim":["box 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#362","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_193","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_193","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_193","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_193","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_193.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richmond Symphony records","title_ssm":["Richmond Symphony records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 382","/repositories/5/resources/193"],"text":["M 382","/repositories/5/resources/193","Richmond Symphony records","Collection is open to research.","Collection is in alphabetical order.","Virginia's capital had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930s, but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part time \"Little Symphony\" into a full time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state.","The Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center), a downtown theater in whose renovation the Symphony took part. These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts.","The collection consists of correspondence, musician files, concert programs, season plans, contracts, newspaper clippings and articles, Board meeting minutes, scrapbooks, photography, financial records and administrative documents, and audio-visual materials, chiefly from the 1980s through the 2000s, but also from earlier decades. A collection of related records, the RADA/Richmond Symphony Archives (M 257), is also held by Special Collections and Archives.","Recordings of the Richmond Symphony, commercial and non commercial, cannot be reproduced in any form. Notes in the program books cannot be reproduced without written permission of the author.","All literary property rights are retained by the Richmond Symphony.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 382","/repositories/5/resources/193"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Symphony records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond Symphony"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"creators_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"access_terms_ssm":["Recordings of the Richmond Symphony, commercial and non commercial, cannot be reproduced in any form. Notes in the program books cannot be reproduced without written permission of the author.","All literary property rights are retained by the Richmond Symphony."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Board of the Richmond Symphony in August of 2009."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["42.4 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is in alphabetical order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia's capital had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930s, but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part time \"Little Symphony\" into a full time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center), a downtown theater in whose renovation the Symphony took part. These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia's capital had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930s, but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part time \"Little Symphony\" into a full time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state.","The Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center), a downtown theater in whose renovation the Symphony took part. These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Symphony Archives, Collection Number M 382, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Symphony Archives, Collection Number M 382, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, musician files, concert programs, season plans, contracts, newspaper clippings and articles, Board meeting minutes, scrapbooks, photography, financial records and administrative documents, and audio-visual materials, chiefly from the 1980s through the 2000s, but also from earlier decades. A collection of related records, the RADA/Richmond Symphony Archives (M 257), is also held by Special Collections and Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, musician files, concert programs, season plans, contracts, newspaper clippings and articles, Board meeting minutes, scrapbooks, photography, financial records and administrative documents, and audio-visual materials, chiefly from the 1980s through the 2000s, but also from earlier decades. A collection of related records, the RADA/Richmond Symphony Archives (M 257), is also held by Special Collections and Archives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecordings of the Richmond Symphony, commercial and non commercial, cannot be reproduced in any form. 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Notes in the program books cannot be reproduced without written permission of the author.","All literary property rights are retained by the Richmond Symphony."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":755,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_193_c01_c363"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Museum District Association records","West of the Boulevard Civic Association"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Museum District Association records","West of the Boulevard Civic Association"],"text":["Museum District Association records","West of the Boulevard Civic Association","WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings","title_ssm":["WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings"],"title_tesim":["WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WOBCA Correspondence, Agenda, and Meetings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Museum District Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":14,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[2000],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_221","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_221.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/221","title_filing_ssi":"Museum District records, 1976-2013","title_ssm":["Museum District Association records"],"title_tesim":["Museum District Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1986-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1986-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 421","/repositories/5/resources/221"],"text":["M 421","/repositories/5/resources/221","Museum District Association records","The collection is open to research.","This collection was donated in phases. The first donation given in neatly bound and labeled binders and has been placed chronologically but otherwise remains within each binder in complete original order. The materials donated at later times deal almost entirely with correspondence and zoning issues and are separated by materials dated before 2001, when the West of the Boulevard Civic Association became officially known as the Museum District Association, and materials dated after 2001 generated by the Zoning and Land Use Committee (Z and LUC). Materials from this portion of the MDA are organized alphabetically, with the exception of correspondences and reports which are placed chronologically in the original order they were donated. Licensing and zoning cases are arranged alphabetically by the address under review.","There are five series in this collection. Series 1. is the WOBCA papers dealing with zoning issues and board reports and correspondence from 1976 to 2001. The second is the administration information and correspondence contained within the binders and date from 1986 to 2002. Series 3 contain the Z and LUC case files. The fourth series is object based and is comprised of profile silhouette patterned fabric from a MDA event as well as miscellaneous papers. Lastly is the oversize materials; including blueprints for properties requiring zoning approval and news clippings relating to the neighborhood.","SERIES: 1. West of the Boulevard Civic Association, 1976-2001 2. Administration, 1986-2002 3. MDA Zoning and Land Use Committee, 2000-2009 Subseries A. Cases and Licensing Cases, 1994-2009 4. Fabric and Miscellaneous, circa late 1990s 5. Oversize, 1976-2009","The Museum District Association, also known as the West of the Boulevard Civic Association (hereafter referred to as MDA or WOBCA) was founded in 1964 to protect and advance the interests of the community. Their mission is also to realize the potential of the neighborhood so as to improve the quality of life for the residents living therein. The museum district is considered to be the areas up to but not including the south side of W. Broad Street on the north, Interstate I-195 on the west, the alley north of W. Cary Street on the south, and both sides of Boulevard from Broad Street to Idlewood Avenue on the east, within the boundaries of the City of Richmond, Virginia.","The MDA is presided over by a Board of Directors numbering between 12 and 18 individuals. There are standing committees overseeing all zoning and land use within the district, as well as committees for public safety and crime prevention, traffic control and environmental needs such as sidewalk conditions and garbage removal. According to the by-laws of the association any resident, be they leasing or owning, over the age of eighteen can become a voting member.","The neighborhood became designated as a federal and state historic district in 1993. The first Mother's Day House and Garden Tour held in 1995. The Columns, the MDA newsletter is delivered to all residents in the neighborhood quarterly. Their website, www.museumdistrict.org has an overview of the history of the museum district.","The collection is comprised of institutional materials ranging from the 1970s to 2009 for the MDA. There are financial records, board meeting minutes and agendas, and correspondence that are generated from the daily running of the association. There is also a great deal of presidents' notes, MDA published materials and their various stages before publishing, and miscellaneous administration documents. Most zoning cases are residential with a few restaurant business included, and are primarily comprised of board member emails and member emails pertaining to each zoning case.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Museum District Association","Orlowski, Robert","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 421","/repositories/5/resources/221"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Museum District Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Museum District Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Museum District Association records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Museum District Association","Orlowski, Robert"],"creator_ssim":["Museum District Association","Orlowski, Robert"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Orlowski, Robert"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Museum District Association"],"creators_ssim":["Orlowski, Robert","Museum District Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Robert Orlowski, 2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated in phases. The first donation given in neatly bound and labeled binders and has been placed chronologically but otherwise remains within each binder in complete original order. The materials donated at later times deal almost entirely with correspondence and zoning issues and are separated by materials dated before 2001, when the West of the Boulevard Civic Association became officially known as the Museum District Association, and materials dated after 2001 generated by the Zoning and Land Use Committee (Z and LUC). Materials from this portion of the MDA are organized alphabetically, with the exception of correspondences and reports which are placed chronologically in the original order they were donated. Licensing and zoning cases are arranged alphabetically by the address under review.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are five series in this collection. Series 1. is the WOBCA papers dealing with zoning issues and board reports and correspondence from 1976 to 2001. The second is the administration information and correspondence contained within the binders and date from 1986 to 2002. Series 3 contain the Z and LUC case files. The fourth series is object based and is comprised of profile silhouette patterned fabric from a MDA event as well as miscellaneous papers. Lastly is the oversize materials; including blueprints for properties requiring zoning approval and news clippings relating to the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSERIES: 1. West of the Boulevard Civic Association, 1976-2001 2. Administration, 1986-2002 3. MDA Zoning and Land Use Committee, 2000-2009 Subseries A. Cases and Licensing Cases, 1994-2009 4. Fabric and Miscellaneous, circa late 1990s 5. Oversize, 1976-2009\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection was donated in phases. The first donation given in neatly bound and labeled binders and has been placed chronologically but otherwise remains within each binder in complete original order. The materials donated at later times deal almost entirely with correspondence and zoning issues and are separated by materials dated before 2001, when the West of the Boulevard Civic Association became officially known as the Museum District Association, and materials dated after 2001 generated by the Zoning and Land Use Committee (Z and LUC). Materials from this portion of the MDA are organized alphabetically, with the exception of correspondences and reports which are placed chronologically in the original order they were donated. Licensing and zoning cases are arranged alphabetically by the address under review.","There are five series in this collection. Series 1. is the WOBCA papers dealing with zoning issues and board reports and correspondence from 1976 to 2001. The second is the administration information and correspondence contained within the binders and date from 1986 to 2002. Series 3 contain the Z and LUC case files. The fourth series is object based and is comprised of profile silhouette patterned fabric from a MDA event as well as miscellaneous papers. Lastly is the oversize materials; including blueprints for properties requiring zoning approval and news clippings relating to the neighborhood.","SERIES: 1. West of the Boulevard Civic Association, 1976-2001 2. Administration, 1986-2002 3. MDA Zoning and Land Use Committee, 2000-2009 Subseries A. Cases and Licensing Cases, 1994-2009 4. Fabric and Miscellaneous, circa late 1990s 5. Oversize, 1976-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Museum District Association, also known as the West of the Boulevard Civic Association (hereafter referred to as MDA or WOBCA) was founded in 1964 to protect and advance the interests of the community. Their mission is also to realize the potential of the neighborhood so as to improve the quality of life for the residents living therein. The museum district is considered to be the areas up to but not including the south side of W. Broad Street on the north, Interstate I-195 on the west, the alley north of W. Cary Street on the south, and both sides of Boulevard from Broad Street to Idlewood Avenue on the east, within the boundaries of the City of Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe MDA is presided over by a Board of Directors numbering between 12 and 18 individuals. There are standing committees overseeing all zoning and land use within the district, as well as committees for public safety and crime prevention, traffic control and environmental needs such as sidewalk conditions and garbage removal. According to the by-laws of the association any resident, be they leasing or owning, over the age of eighteen can become a voting member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe neighborhood became designated as a federal and state historic district in 1993. The first Mother's Day House and Garden Tour held in 1995. The Columns, the MDA newsletter is delivered to all residents in the neighborhood quarterly. Their website, www.museumdistrict.org has an overview of the history of the museum district.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Museum District Association, also known as the West of the Boulevard Civic Association (hereafter referred to as MDA or WOBCA) was founded in 1964 to protect and advance the interests of the community. Their mission is also to realize the potential of the neighborhood so as to improve the quality of life for the residents living therein. The museum district is considered to be the areas up to but not including the south side of W. Broad Street on the north, Interstate I-195 on the west, the alley north of W. Cary Street on the south, and both sides of Boulevard from Broad Street to Idlewood Avenue on the east, within the boundaries of the City of Richmond, Virginia.","The MDA is presided over by a Board of Directors numbering between 12 and 18 individuals. There are standing committees overseeing all zoning and land use within the district, as well as committees for public safety and crime prevention, traffic control and environmental needs such as sidewalk conditions and garbage removal. According to the by-laws of the association any resident, be they leasing or owning, over the age of eighteen can become a voting member.","The neighborhood became designated as a federal and state historic district in 1993. The first Mother's Day House and Garden Tour held in 1995. The Columns, the MDA newsletter is delivered to all residents in the neighborhood quarterly. Their website, www.museumdistrict.org has an overview of the history of the museum district."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuseum District Records, Collection Number M 421, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Museum District Records, Collection Number M 421, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of institutional materials ranging from the 1970s to 2009 for the MDA. There are financial records, board meeting minutes and agendas, and correspondence that are generated from the daily running of the association. There is also a great deal of presidents' notes, MDA published materials and their various stages before publishing, and miscellaneous administration documents. Most zoning cases are residential with a few restaurant business included, and are primarily comprised of board member emails and member emails pertaining to each zoning case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of institutional materials ranging from the 1970s to 2009 for the MDA. There are financial records, board meeting minutes and agendas, and correspondence that are generated from the daily running of the association. There is also a great deal of presidents' notes, MDA published materials and their various stages before publishing, and miscellaneous administration documents. Most zoning cases are residential with a few restaurant business included, and are primarily comprised of board member emails and member emails pertaining to each zoning case."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Museum District Association","Orlowski, Robert"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Museum District Association","Orlowski, Robert"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Museum District Association"],"persname_ssim":["Orlowski, Robert"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":168,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_221_c01_c13"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Women in Motion Vacations","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection","Organizations","Other Organizations - L-Z"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection","Organizations","Other Organizations - L-Z"],"text":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection","Organizations","Other Organizations - L-Z","Women in Motion Vacations","box 8","folder 15"],"title_filing_ssi":"Women in Motion Vacations","title_ssm":["Women in Motion Vacations"],"title_tesim":["Women in Motion Vacations"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Women in Motion Vacations"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":163,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 15"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8/components#17","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:16.616Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_155","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_155.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection","title_ssm":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"title_tesim":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 334","/repositories/5/resources/155"],"text":["M 334","/repositories/5/resources/155","Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection","Sexual minorities -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Gay newspapers.","Sexual minorities -- Periodicals.","Collection is open to research.","Arranged in one series: Organizations.","This collection principally contains publications related to and concerning the gay and lesbian community in Central Virginia. Consists of organization newsletters, advertisement broadsides and flyers, newspapers, and magazines. Principally contains publications produced by specific organizations (i.e., newsletters and advertisements) and nationally and locally published magazines and newspapers that concern gay and lesbian issues but that are not associated with any one organization (i.e., The Advocate and the Virginia GayZette).","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Murden, Steve","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 334","/repositories/5/resources/155"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"collection_ssim":["Central Virginia gay and lesbian publications collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Murden, Steve"],"creator_ssim":["Murden, Steve"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Murden, Steve"],"creators_ssim":["Murden, Steve"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Publications principally were gifts of Steve Murden, Richmond, Virginia. He donated the items periodically over the course of several years in the 1990's and 2000's."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sexual minorities -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Gay newspapers.","Sexual minorities -- Periodicals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sexual minorities -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Gay newspapers.","Sexual minorities -- Periodicals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet 10-12 paige boxes"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet 10-12 paige boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in one series: Organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in one series: Organizations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentral Virginia Gay and Lesbian Publications collection, Collection # M 334, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Central Virginia Gay and Lesbian Publications collection, Collection # M 334, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection principally contains publications related to and concerning the gay and lesbian community in Central Virginia. Consists of organization newsletters, advertisement broadsides and flyers, newspapers, and magazines. Principally contains publications produced by specific organizations (i.e., newsletters and advertisements) and nationally and locally published magazines and newspapers that concern gay and lesbian issues but that are not associated with any one organization (i.e., The Advocate and the Virginia GayZette).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection principally contains publications related to and concerning the gay and lesbian community in Central Virginia. Consists of organization newsletters, advertisement broadsides and flyers, newspapers, and magazines. Principally contains publications produced by specific organizations (i.e., newsletters and advertisements) and nationally and locally published magazines and newspapers that concern gay and lesbian issues but that are not associated with any one organization (i.e., The Advocate and the Virginia GayZette)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Terms Governing Use and Reproduction"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Murden, Steve"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Murden, Steve"],"persname_ssim":["Murden, Steve"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":164,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:16.616Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_155_c01_c09_c18"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Women in the Military","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files"],"text":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files","Women in the Military","box 3","folder 12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Women in the Military","title_ssm":["Women in the Military"],"title_tesim":["Women in the Military"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1995-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1995/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Women in the Military"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":72,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#29","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nordlinger, Zelda K., Papers","title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"text":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creators_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Zelda K. Nordlinger in 2000, and Betsy Brinson in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal Files, 1970-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1972-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c30"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Women in the Workforce","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files"],"text":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Series 2: Subject Files","Women in the Workforce","box 3","folder 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Women in the Workforce","title_ssm":["Women in the Workforce"],"title_tesim":["Women in the Workforce"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Women in the Workforce"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. 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Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"text":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. 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She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574_c02_c31"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings by Lee","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"text":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","Writings by Lee","box 10","folder 1-8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings by Lee","title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"title_tesim":["Writings by Lee"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 10","folder 1-8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_595.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lee, Heslip M. \"Happy\", papers","title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-2003","1949-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1949-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"text":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595","Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","The collection is open for research.","Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.","Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.","The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cP\u003eIn 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.\u003c/P\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":95,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files"],"text":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files","YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","English .","box 11","folder 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","title_ssm":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"title_tesim":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Girone papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":104,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 11","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#102","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_576.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Girone, Joan, papers","title_ssm":["Joan Girone papers"],"title_tesim":["Joan Girone papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576"],"text":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576","Joan Girone papers","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987.","Joan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.","As a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.","\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.","\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.","\nSources: \n  (Article link)","The Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.","The correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. ","The personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. ","Included in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. ","Also within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. ","Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.","The supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. ","The state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joan Girone papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joan Girone papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Girone papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creator_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creators_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Joan Girone in 1990 with additional accrual in 2012."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.9 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.9 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources: \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/news/obituary/joan-girone-first-woman-elected-to-chesterfield-board-of-supervisors/article_25d7b234-9794-5635-adf7-06731aaa3cac.html\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.","As a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.","\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.","\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.","\nSources: \n  (Article link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Girone papers, 1970-2012, Collection # M 284, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, Collection # M 284, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.","The correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. ","The personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. ","Included in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. ","Also within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. ","Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.","The supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. ","The state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"persname_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":144,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c1411","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Advisory Board,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c1411#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c1411","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c1411"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c1411","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files","YWCA Advisory Board,","box 118"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Advisory Board,","title_ssm":["YWCA Advisory Board,"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Advisory Board,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["n.d., 1999-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Advisory Board,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2294,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 118"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1410","timestamp":"2026-05-11T19:06:55.304Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"text":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University ","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. 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