{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=194","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=193","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=194"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":194,"next_page":null,"prev_page":193,"total_pages":194,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1930,"total_count":1939,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files"],"text":["Joan Girone papers","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files","YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","English .","box 11","folder 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book","title_ssm":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"title_tesim":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YMCA of Greater Richmond - Memory Book"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Girone papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":104,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 11","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#102","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_576","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_576.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Girone, Joan, papers","title_ssm":["Joan Girone papers"],"title_tesim":["Joan Girone papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576"],"text":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576","Joan Girone papers","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987.","Joan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.","As a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.","\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.","\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.","\nSources: \n  (Article link)","The Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.","The correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. ","The personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. ","Included in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. ","Also within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. ","Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.","The supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. ","The state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 284","/repositories/5/resources/576"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joan Girone papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joan Girone papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Girone papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creator_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"creators_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Joan Girone in 1990 with additional accrual in 2012."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.9 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.9 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2012 and Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources: \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/news/obituary/joan-girone-first-woman-elected-to-chesterfield-board-of-supervisors/article_25d7b234-9794-5635-adf7-06731aaa3cac.html\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joan Girone was a Chesterfield County politician and the first woman to serve on the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She was born August 30, 1929, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Girone worked as a children's wear buyer in New York City before moving to Chesterfield in 1965. She actively participated in the local community by serving on the Chesterfield PTA board and writing the Bon Air community newsletter. Along with fellow Republicans, she fought against the consolidation of the Chesterfield, Henrico, and Richmond City school systems ordered by Judge Robert R. Merhige in 1972 which aimed to integrate the public schools. She assisted in the founding of both the Friends of Chesterfield County Public Library and the Capital  Area Agency on Aging in 1973. In 1976, Girone ran for office and was elected to the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. She went on to be reelected in 1979 and 1983.","As a moderate conservative Republican, Girone opposed active government involvement. She advocated for issues such as the banning of leaf burning in Chesterfield county, the extension of Powhite Parkway, and opposition of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) program by the federal government. Additionally, she regularly participated in drafting the annual Bon Air Community Plans which laid out future community projects and goals.","\nGirone made bids for the Republican candidacy for Virginia State Senate in 1980 and 1987. She was unable to secure convention delegate support in both primaries, but ran as an independent candidate in the 1987 election against incumbent Republican Senator Robert Russell. She did not succeed in the senate race. Despite her losses, she continued to serve the Chesterfield community after the end of her final supervisor term in 1987.","\nHer service to Chesterfield continued through participation in government committees and community groups such as the Midlothian YMCA and the Chesterfield Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee. She worked as a real estate salesperson in Chesterfield County until her death. She died April 14, 2019 in Richmond, VA.","\nSources: \n  (Article link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Girone papers, 1970-2012, Collection # M 284, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, Collection # M 284, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joan Girone papers, 1970-2012, is a collection of materials used by Chesterfield County, VA politician Joan Girone. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes senate and supervisor campaign files which deliver a unique look into the logistical and political mechanisms for running a local or state campaign. Additionally, the general Republican campaign files highlight the platforms and grassroots movements implemented by the Virginia Republican Party in the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 1: Public Service Administrative Files, 1970-2011: The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents related to Joan Girone's service to the Chesterfield community both as a private citizen and elected official. These documents include professional correspondence with constituents, drafts of Bon Air Community Plans, constituent surveys, personal planners, and documents pertaining to specific issues Girone advocated for or against.","The correspondence is composed of general letters written by constituents or colleagues regarding assorted issues in the Chesterfield community such as infrastructure repair, policy recommendations, professional congratulations, and general concerns related to Chesterfield and the greater Richmond area. Responses from Girone are attached to some letters. ","The personal notepads and desk planners include Girone's schedules and notes from her time serving as supervisor. The notepads contain notes from meetings and lists for daily plans; these include Bon Air community meetings, campaign tasks, and reminders to respond to correspondence. The desk planners contain calendars of specific events and meetings which Girone participated in as supervisor. ","Included in this series are materials pertaining to issues and groups in the Chesterfield community such as Abandoned Coal Mine Land Program, the YMCA of Greater Richmond, Republican Women's Club, Chesterfield road restoration, and the SALT II international treaty. The files contain correspondence and notes by Girone regarding the issues and her related stance. ","Also within the series is a collection of buttons owned by Girone. The buttons were worn by Girone to promote numerous viewpoints. Content of the buttons include the Stop ERA movement, the promotion of the Powhite Parkway Extension Program, participation in the VCU Center for Women's Health, and Friends of Chesterfield Library. Additionally, the collection includes campaign buttons for Republican candidates such as Eva Scott, John Warner, John Dalton, and Richard Obenshain. ","Series 2: Campaign Files, 1971-1987: The collection also includes material used by Girone for her own and others' campaigns for public office. The files contain material from Girone's supervisor campaigns, state senate campaigns, and general Republican campaigns of other local, state, and national nominees.","The supervisor campaign files are comprised of materials used by Girone for her 1976, 1979, and 1983 campaigns for Chesterfield supervisor. The files include correspondence with voters, supporters, and constituents, questionnaires to voters, candidacy petitions, promotional material, and expenditure reports. ","The state senate campaign files consist of fundraising reports, recorded endorsements, debate recordings, promotional material, mailings, surveys, platform statements, news releases, and correspondence. The files cover both attempts by Girone to obtain the Republican nomination for state senate, as well as her campaign as an independent candidate. In addition to material primarily used to promote and support her campaigns, there are research files concerning her major opponents, Tom Bliley in 1980 and Robert Russell in 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019","Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"persname_ssim":["Girone, Joan, 1929-2019"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":144,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_576_c01_c103"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c83","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c83#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c83","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c83"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c83","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation"],"text":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation","Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion","box 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion","title_ssm":["Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion"],"title_tesim":["Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Youth Creating a Future Conference and Reunion"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":118,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1993],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#82","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_201.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Encampment for Citizenship","title_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"title_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201"],"text":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201","Encampment for Citizenship collection","Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container.","The Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"","The EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.","Between the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.","For several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\"","Special Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.","Materials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"collection_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Marr, Nancy.","Encampment for Citizenship","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Encampment for Citizenship","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship"],"creators_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)","Encampment for Citizenship"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated in 2010 by Margot Gibney, Pamela Barefoot, Marion Silverbear, and Nancy Marr."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.78 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.78 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"","The EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.","Between the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.","For several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncampment for Citizenship Collection, Collection Number M 391, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship Collection, Collection Number M 391, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.","Materials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods."],"names_coll_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Gibney, Margo M."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Benedetti papers","Series One, n.d."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joseph B. Benedetti papers","Series One, n.d."],"text":["Joseph B. Benedetti papers","Series One, n.d.","Youth to Power","box 52"],"title_filing_ssi":"Youth to Power","title_ssm":["Youth to Power"],"title_tesim":["Youth to Power"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Youth to Power"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph B. 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James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989.","The collection consists largely of printed information and correspondence from special interests and Benedetti's constituents concerning issues on a wide range of subjects that Virginia legislators dealt with in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Also included are copies of bills in their various versions, newspaper clippings, newsletters, reports, information on Richmond and Virginia agencies and civic organizations, and copies of Benedetti's responses to constituents' letters.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 271","/repositories/5/resources/125"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph B. Benedetti papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph B. Benedetti papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph B. Benedetti papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014"],"creator_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014"],"creators_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated to Special Collections and Archives by Mr. Benedetti in May 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Legislators -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Legislators -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["37 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["37 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged as received, in alphabetical order by subject. Additions to the collection were interfiled alphabetically and then chronologically in Series one (n.d., 1981-1993). Series Two (1986-1997) consists of materials added to the collection in 1996 and 1998.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged as received, in alphabetical order by subject. Additions to the collection were interfiled alphabetically and then chronologically in Series one (n.d., 1981-1993). Series Two (1986-1997) consists of materials added to the collection in 1996 and 1998."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Benedict Benedetti served as a legislator representing parts of the Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan area first as a state delegate (1983-1986, 68th District) and later as state senator (1986-1997, 10th Senatorial District) in Virginia's General Assembly. Benedetti, a Republican, was appointed by Gov. James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Benedict Benedetti served as a legislator representing parts of the Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan area first as a state delegate (1983-1986, 68th District) and later as state senator (1986-1997, 10th Senatorial District) in Virginia's General Assembly. Benedetti, a Republican, was appointed by Gov. James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, M 271, Joseph Benedetti Papers, M 271, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, M 271, Joseph Benedetti Papers, M 271, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists largely of printed information and correspondence from special interests and Benedetti's constituents concerning issues on a wide range of subjects that Virginia legislators dealt with in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 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Also included are copies of bills in their various versions, newspaper clippings, newsletters, reports, information on Richmond and Virginia agencies and civic organizations, and copies of Benedetti's responses to constituents' letters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Benedetti papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1981-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 271","/repositories/5/resources/125"],"text":["M 271","/repositories/5/resources/125","Joseph B. Benedetti papers","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Legislators -- Virginia","No restrictions on access.","Materials are arranged as received, in alphabetical order by subject. Additions to the collection were interfiled alphabetically and then chronologically in Series one (n.d., 1981-1993). Series Two (1986-1997) consists of materials added to the collection in 1996 and 1998.","Joseph Benedict Benedetti served as a legislator representing parts of the Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan area first as a state delegate (1983-1986, 68th District) and later as state senator (1986-1997, 10th Senatorial District) in Virginia's General Assembly. Benedetti, a Republican, was appointed by Gov. James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989.","The collection consists largely of printed information and correspondence from special interests and Benedetti's constituents concerning issues on a wide range of subjects that Virginia legislators dealt with in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 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James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Benedict Benedetti served as a legislator representing parts of the Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan area first as a state delegate (1983-1986, 68th District) and later as state senator (1986-1997, 10th Senatorial District) in Virginia's General Assembly. Benedetti, a Republican, was appointed by Gov. James Gilmore to serve as head of the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services in 1997. He left that position in December 2001. Born in Richmond in 1929, Benedetti received an A.B. from the College of William and Mary and a J.D. from the University of Richmond Law School. He reached the rank of major in the U.S. Army Reserve and served in Japan, 1946-1947; Korea, 1951-1952; and during the Berlin Crisis, 1960-1961. He worked as a lawyer in the firm of Benedetti, Gilmore, Warthen and Dalton. He ran unsuccessfully for Virginia's Attorney General's office in 1989."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, M 271, Joseph Benedetti Papers, M 271, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, M 271, Joseph Benedetti Papers, M 271, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists largely of printed information and correspondence from special interests and Benedetti's constituents concerning issues on a wide range of subjects that Virginia legislators dealt with in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Also included are copies of bills in their various versions, newspaper clippings, newsletters, reports, information on Richmond and Virginia agencies and civic organizations, and copies of Benedetti's responses to constituents' letters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists largely of printed information and correspondence from special interests and Benedetti's constituents concerning issues on a wide range of subjects that Virginia legislators dealt with in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Also included are copies of bills in their various versions, newspaper clippings, newsletters, reports, information on Richmond and Virginia agencies and civic organizations, and copies of Benedetti's responses to constituents' letters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014","Benedetti, Joseph B. (Joseph Benedict), 1929-2014 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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She earned a Bachelor's degree in American History from University of North Carolina Greensboro and a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities in Cincinnati, Ohio. Now retired, Brinson dedicated her career and efforts to women's rights, documenting the history of civil rights, community support of HIV/AIDS patients, and anti-war efforts.","Selected examples of Brinson's contributions include: working with a team to conduct and collect over 200 oral histories with civil rights activists through the Kentucky Historical Society, leading to the production of a documentary titled \"Living the Story\"; working with Richmond AIDS Ministry and recruiting/training primary care doctors on how to care for people with HIV; conducting and collecting oral histories of Richmond people involved in justice work; serving on the board of Quaker House, an anti-war military counseling organization in North Carolina; and volunteering with the Richmond Peace Education Center (RPEC). As part of her work with Richmond Peace Education Center, Brinson helped organize the Eyes Wide Open Project, which displayed books of American soldiers who had died in Iraq. She also worked on the RPEC Truth in Recruitment Project, which aimed to educate high school students on the realities of enlistment in the US Army. ","Work history:\n1970-1974 - North Carolina American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) \n1974-1977 - State director, Virginia ACLU \n1977-1981 - Program director, Southern Women's Rights Project \n1981-1982 - Executive director, Southerners for Economic Justice \n1983-1984 - Community relations director, Richmond, Virginia Branch of YWCA \n1982-1998 - Adjunct faculty, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) \n1982-1984 - Adjunct faculty, University of Richmond \n1982-1986 - Adjunct faculty, Mary Baldwin College \n1991-1993 - Assistant professor, Medical College of Virginia (MCV), Dept. of Family Practice \n1993-1998 - Assistant professor and program coordinator, MCV, School of Medicine \nSelected volunteer work: \n1982-1984 - Virginia's Commission on the Status of Women \n1982-1984 - Executive Board, Virginia Women's Cultural History Project \n1982-1986 - VCU Women's Studies Task Force \n1990-1991 - Central Virginia AIDS Services and Education and the Richmond AIDS Ministry\n","Contact Special Collections and Archives staff to request access to the \"Race, Class, Culture, Power\" panel discussion DVD-R at libsca@vcu.edu. 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There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013.","There are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy","English \n.    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Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Betsy Brinson, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists -- Virginia -- Richmond","College teachers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Iraq War, 2003-2011","NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt","newsletters","reports","printed ephemera","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists -- Virginia -- Richmond","College teachers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Iraq War, 2003-2011","NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt","newsletters","reports","printed ephemera","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 Linear Feet 2 letter document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 Linear Feet 2 letter document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["Collection includes color photographs, color negatives, pins/buttons, and a DVD-R"],"genreform_ssim":["newsletters","reports","printed ephemera","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folders are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Betsy Brinson is a white woman who grew up in the military in the South. She earned a Bachelor's degree in American History from University of North Carolina Greensboro and a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities in Cincinnati, Ohio. Now retired, Brinson dedicated her career and efforts to women's rights, documenting the history of civil rights, community support of HIV/AIDS patients, and anti-war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected examples of Brinson's contributions include: working with a team to conduct and collect over 200 oral histories with civil rights activists through the Kentucky Historical Society, leading to the production of a documentary titled \"Living the Story\"; working with Richmond AIDS Ministry and recruiting/training primary care doctors on how to care for people with HIV; conducting and collecting oral histories of Richmond people involved in justice work; serving on the board of Quaker House, an anti-war military counseling organization in North Carolina; and volunteering with the Richmond Peace Education Center (RPEC). As part of her work with Richmond Peace Education Center, Brinson helped organize the Eyes Wide Open Project, which displayed books of American soldiers who had died in Iraq. She also worked on the RPEC Truth in Recruitment Project, which aimed to educate high school students on the realities of enlistment in the US Army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWork history:\n1970-1974 - North Carolina American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)\u003cbr\u003e\n1974-1977 - State director, Virginia ACLU\u003cbr\u003e\n1977-1981 - Program director, Southern Women's Rights Project\u003cbr\u003e\n1981-1982 - Executive director, Southerners for Economic Justice\u003cbr\u003e\n1983-1984 - Community relations director, Richmond, Virginia Branch of YWCA\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1998 - Adjunct faculty, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Adjunct faculty, University of Richmond\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1986 - Adjunct faculty, Mary Baldwin College\u003cbr\u003e\n1991-1993 - Assistant professor, Medical College of Virginia (MCV), Dept. of Family Practice\u003cbr\u003e\n1993-1998 - Assistant professor and program coordinator, MCV, School of Medicine\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSelected volunteer work:\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Virginia's Commission on the Status of Women\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Executive Board, Virginia Women's Cultural History Project\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1986 - VCU Women's Studies Task Force\u003cbr\u003e\n1990-1991 - Central Virginia AIDS Services and Education and the Richmond AIDS Ministry\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Betsy Brinson is a white woman who grew up in the military in the South. 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She also worked on the RPEC Truth in Recruitment Project, which aimed to educate high school students on the realities of enlistment in the US Army. 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File formats include .VOB and are viewable using a suitable media viewer/player.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Contact Special Collections and Archives staff to request access to the \"Race, Class, Culture, Power\" panel discussion DVD-R at libsca@vcu.edu. 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The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betsy Brinson collection contains materials Brinson collected related to her activism and involvement in various organizations, namely the YWCA and Richmond Peace Education Center. The Richmond Peace Education Center materials include newsletters, as well as planning documents and ephemera for the Eyes Wide Open Project. The YWCA materials mostly include pamphlets, information on a YWCA children's reading program, and news clippings. The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. 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Now retired, Brinson dedicated her career and efforts to women's rights, documenting the history of civil rights, community support of HIV/AIDS patients, and anti-war efforts.","Selected examples of Brinson's contributions include: working with a team to conduct and collect over 200 oral histories with civil rights activists through the Kentucky Historical Society, leading to the production of a documentary titled \"Living the Story\"; working with Richmond AIDS Ministry and recruiting/training primary care doctors on how to care for people with HIV; conducting and collecting oral histories of Richmond people involved in justice work; serving on the board of Quaker House, an anti-war military counseling organization in North Carolina; and volunteering with the Richmond Peace Education Center (RPEC). As part of her work with Richmond Peace Education Center, Brinson helped organize the Eyes Wide Open Project, which displayed books of American soldiers who had died in Iraq. 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There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013.","There are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy","English \n.    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The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betsy Brinson collection contains materials Brinson collected related to her activism and involvement in various organizations, namely the YWCA and Richmond Peace Education Center. The Richmond Peace Education Center materials include newsletters, as well as planning documents and ephemera for the Eyes Wide Open Project. The YWCA materials mostly include pamphlets, information on a YWCA children's reading program, and news clippings. The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Now retired, Brinson dedicated her career and efforts to women's rights, documenting the history of civil rights, community support of HIV/AIDS patients, and anti-war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected examples of Brinson's contributions include: working with a team to conduct and collect over 200 oral histories with civil rights activists through the Kentucky Historical Society, leading to the production of a documentary titled \"Living the Story\"; working with Richmond AIDS Ministry and recruiting/training primary care doctors on how to care for people with HIV; conducting and collecting oral histories of Richmond people involved in justice work; serving on the board of Quaker House, an anti-war military counseling organization in North Carolina; and volunteering with the Richmond Peace Education Center (RPEC). As part of her work with Richmond Peace Education Center, Brinson helped organize the Eyes Wide Open Project, which displayed books of American soldiers who had died in Iraq. She also worked on the RPEC Truth in Recruitment Project, which aimed to educate high school students on the realities of enlistment in the US Army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWork history:\n1970-1974 - North Carolina American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)\u003cbr\u003e\n1974-1977 - State director, Virginia ACLU\u003cbr\u003e\n1977-1981 - Program director, Southern Women's Rights Project\u003cbr\u003e\n1981-1982 - Executive director, Southerners for Economic Justice\u003cbr\u003e\n1983-1984 - Community relations director, Richmond, Virginia Branch of YWCA\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1998 - Adjunct faculty, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Adjunct faculty, University of Richmond\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1986 - Adjunct faculty, Mary Baldwin College\u003cbr\u003e\n1991-1993 - Assistant professor, Medical College of Virginia (MCV), Dept. of Family Practice\u003cbr\u003e\n1993-1998 - Assistant professor and program coordinator, MCV, School of Medicine\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSelected volunteer work:\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Virginia's Commission on the Status of Women\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1984 - Executive Board, Virginia Women's Cultural History Project\u003cbr\u003e\n1982-1986 - VCU Women's Studies Task Force\u003cbr\u003e\n1990-1991 - Central Virginia AIDS Services and Education and the Richmond AIDS Ministry\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Betsy Brinson is a white woman who grew up in the military in the South. She earned a Bachelor's degree in American History from University of North Carolina Greensboro and a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities in Cincinnati, Ohio. Now retired, Brinson dedicated her career and efforts to women's rights, documenting the history of civil rights, community support of HIV/AIDS patients, and anti-war efforts.","Selected examples of Brinson's contributions include: working with a team to conduct and collect over 200 oral histories with civil rights activists through the Kentucky Historical Society, leading to the production of a documentary titled \"Living the Story\"; working with Richmond AIDS Ministry and recruiting/training primary care doctors on how to care for people with HIV; conducting and collecting oral histories of Richmond people involved in justice work; serving on the board of Quaker House, an anti-war military counseling organization in North Carolina; and volunteering with the Richmond Peace Education Center (RPEC). As part of her work with Richmond Peace Education Center, Brinson helped organize the Eyes Wide Open Project, which displayed books of American soldiers who had died in Iraq. She also worked on the RPEC Truth in Recruitment Project, which aimed to educate high school students on the realities of enlistment in the US Army. ","Work history:\n1970-1974 - North Carolina American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) \n1974-1977 - State director, Virginia ACLU \n1977-1981 - Program director, Southern Women's Rights Project \n1981-1982 - Executive director, Southerners for Economic Justice \n1983-1984 - Community relations director, Richmond, Virginia Branch of YWCA \n1982-1998 - Adjunct faculty, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) \n1982-1984 - Adjunct faculty, University of Richmond \n1982-1986 - Adjunct faculty, Mary Baldwin College \n1991-1993 - Assistant professor, Medical College of Virginia (MCV), Dept. of Family Practice \n1993-1998 - Assistant professor and program coordinator, MCV, School of Medicine \nSelected volunteer work: \n1982-1984 - Virginia's Commission on the Status of Women \n1982-1984 - Executive Board, Virginia Women's Cultural History Project \n1982-1986 - VCU Women's Studies Task Force \n1990-1991 - Central Virginia AIDS Services and Education and the Richmond AIDS Ministry\n"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContact Special Collections and Archives staff to request access to the \"Race, Class, Culture, Power\" panel discussion DVD-R at libsca@vcu.edu. File formats include .VOB and are viewable using a suitable media viewer/player.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Contact Special Collections and Archives staff to request access to the \"Race, Class, Culture, Power\" panel discussion DVD-R at libsca@vcu.edu. File formats include .VOB and are viewable using a suitable media viewer/player."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBetsy Brinson collection, 1974-2013, Collection # M 570, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Betsy Brinson collection, 1974-2013, Collection # M 570, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Betsy Brinson collection contains materials Brinson collected related to her activism and involvement in various organizations, namely the YWCA and Richmond Peace Education Center. The Richmond Peace Education Center materials include newsletters, as well as planning documents and ephemera for the Eyes Wide Open Project. The YWCA materials mostly include pamphlets, information on a YWCA children's reading program, and news clippings. The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betsy Brinson collection contains materials Brinson collected related to her activism and involvement in various organizations, namely the YWCA and Richmond Peace Education Center. The Richmond Peace Education Center materials include newsletters, as well as planning documents and ephemera for the Eyes Wide Open Project. The YWCA materials mostly include pamphlets, information on a YWCA children's reading program, and news clippings. The collection also contains miscellaneous newsletters and reports produced in Virginia or regionally about women's rights and social justice, pins and buttons that are largely political in nature, and photos from the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. There are some syllabi and reading packets from Brinson's time teaching at VCU, but the collection largely reflects the organizations and work Brinson was involved with outside of VCU from 1974 to 2013."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions, except for the DVD-R of the panel discussion from Richmond Times-Dispatch. Due to copyright restrictions, the video(s) may not be reproduced or disseminated without the copyright holder's permission."],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Times-Dispatch","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Peace Education Center","Virginia Commonwealth University -- Faculty","American Civil Liberties Union"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_640_c23"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zehmer, David","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files","Zehmer, David","box 93"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zehmer, David","title_ssm":["Zehmer, David"],"title_tesim":["Zehmer, David"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zehmer, David"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1465,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1993],"containers_ssim":["box 93"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#581","timestamp":"2026-05-09T16:08:13.414Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"text":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University ","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2899,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-09T16:08:13.414Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c582"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nordlinger, Zelda K., Papers","title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"text":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creators_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Zelda K. Nordlinger in 2000, and Betsy Brinson in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal Files, 1970-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1972-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nordlinger, Zelda K., Papers","title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"text":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. ","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications  Ms. Magazine ,  The Woman's Calendar , and  Mother Jones . Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of  Playgirl  and an issue of  Time . All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. 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Nordlinger in 2000, and Betsy Brinson in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.59 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal Files, 1970-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1972-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1 Personal Files, 1970-2008 Series 2 Subject Files, 1972-2000"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. ","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as  The Back Page ,  The New Yorker , and  Ms. Magazine .","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. ","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\"  Richmond Times-Dispatch .    (Article link) ","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n  (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. ","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. ","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. ","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. ","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. 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