{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026page=10\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026page=9\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026page=11\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026page=4676\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":10,"next_page":11,"prev_page":9,"total_pages":4676,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":90,"total_count":46757,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1102","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles, 1984/1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1102#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1102","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1102"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1102","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","parent_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530"],"title_filing_ssi":"1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles","title_ssm":["1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles"],"title_tesim":["1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles, 1984/1992"],"text":["1984-1992 NYSC Newspaper Articles, 1984/1992","National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000","Box 45"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1984-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1102,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 45"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#1101","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3530.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197375","title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"text":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000","A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530","Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"collection_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_ssim":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026amp;M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc104c16d3f855f95686186977e4a8d1\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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These are included in:\nBox 1, folders 12-13, 18-20, 26\nBox 2, folders 16-17, 19, 28-30\nBox 3, folders 1-4, 6-8, 14-15, 21, 27-30\nBox 13b, item 1\nDue to the vast date range of these materials, restrictions can be lifted on a folder-by-folder basis starting in 2047. Restriction will be completely lifted in 2088 or upon the permission of the donor.","[Information from WVU website.]","John Beall","Professor – Composition","Composer-in-Residence\n    \nComposer John Beall studied composition at Baylor University with Charles Eakin and Richard Willis, and completed doctoral study at the Eastman School of Music, where he was a student of Samuel Adler. In 1972 he received the Louis Lane Prize for his orchestral work, Lament for Those Lost in the War, and in 1973, the Howard Hanson Prize for his Concerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra. Since 1978, Dr. Beall has been Professor of Music and Composer-in-Residence at West Virginia University. Summers since 1992 have been spent teaching at the Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan.","Beall has received commissions from the National Endowment for the Arts (two awards), several universities, the West Virginia Music Teachers Association (Composer of the Year, 1981), Radiological Consultants Association of West Virginia, and the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra. Performances have come from the Dallas, Rochester, Pittsburgh, and West Virginia Symphonies, the Bach Choir of Pittsburgh, chamber organizations such as the Interlochen Faculty Players, Quorum, Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Claremont Quintet, Laureate Wind Quintet, Rutgers Wind Quintet, Georgia Wind Quintet, Savannah Wind Quintet, Aeolian Chamber Players, and various university ensembles and professional soloists.","In 1985, Beall completed his Symphony No.1 while a fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation's Study and Conference Center at Bellagio, Italy, and at Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. The work was premiered by the West Virginia University Symphony Orchestra under Rachael Worby in 1986. In 1990, he was named Benedum Distinguished Scholar for the Arts and Humanities by West Virginia University. He is an annual winner of Serious Music Awards from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). His two-act opera based on Edith Wharton's novel Ethan Frome was performed as a part of the Centennial celebrations of the West Virginia University School of Music in November 1997, and recorded for video broadcast over Public Television. His music is published by MMB Music, Inc., Carl Fischer, and Southern Music Co. Recordings are on Crystal Records and Cambria Master Recordings. He is a member of ASCAP, Music Teachers National Association (MTNA), Society of Composers (SCI, Region III), and Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia.","List of Works:","Large Ensembles:","Essay for Orchestra, 1964-1965\nSongs of Autumn, 1965-1966\nLament for Those Lost in the War, 1972\nConcerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra, 1973\nConcerto for Brass Quintet and Wind Orchestra, 1978\nCelebration Music, 1985\nSymphony No. 1, 1985\nMountain Music, 1987\nConcerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra, 1990-1991 (also scored for wind orchestra, 1994)\nCortege, Processional for Orchestra, 1991\nConcerto for Violin and Orchestra, 1998","Choral/Vocal:","Songs of Autumn (in piano reduction), 1966\nRilke Songs, 1974\nHammarskjold Songs, 1967-1983\nPsalm 51, SATB, 1977\nMerwin Songs: Book I, 1982-1983\nPsalm 19, SATB with organ, 1988\nMerwin Songs: Book II, 1988\nThe Lord Is Good, SATB with organ, 1989\nPsalm 84, SATB with organ, 1989\nAnglican Mass, STB solo, SATB, organ, and orchestra, 1978-1991\nRide On, Ride On, SATB with organ, 1991\nCome, Thou Holy Spirit, SATB with organ, 1991\nAll Praise Be Thine, O Risen Christ, SATB with organ, 1992\nMerwin Songs: Book III,1993\nEthan Frome, Opera in Two Acts, 1994-1997","Keyboard:","Sonatina, 1966\nPartita, 1967\nAria and Variations, 1969-1972\nBlack Raindrops, 1977\nPiano Fantasy, 1980\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands, 1981\nHarpsichord Fantasy, 1982\nSummer Pieces, 1984\nToccata and Fugue on Deus Tuorum Militum, for Organ, 1988\nSonata for Piano, 1992-1994","Chamber Music:","Sonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano, 1974\nSonata for Violin and Piano, 1976\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet, 1976\nString Quartet, 1982\nTrio Fantasy for Oboe, Bassoon, and Piano, 1981\nOn Chestnut Ridge, Quartet for Violin, Clarinet, Cello, and Piano, 1982\nSonata for Cello and Piano, 1984\nCelebration Fanfare, 1986\nVariations on John Henry, for Three Violins (Intermediate Level), 1987\nTrio for Violin, Cello, and Piano, 1991\nShaker Tunes, Free Variations for Woodwind Quintet, 1992 (also sextet version with alto saxophone)\nWhitewater, for woodwind quintet \u0026 string quartet, 1994\nBreakers, for Flute and Piano, 1999\nWondrous Love: Variations for Viola and Piano, 1999\nTerra Firma, Trio for Flute, Violoncello, and Piano, 1998-1999\nThe River, for string Quartet, 2000","List of Recorded Works:","Chamber Music:","Whitewater\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet and the West Virginia University String Quartet, Lawrence Christianson, conductor- on Cambria CD1104\nOn Chestnut Ridge\nStephen Beall, violin; John Weigand, clarinet; William Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nSonata for Violoncello and Piano\nWilliam Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nShaker Tunes: Free Variations for Woodwind Sextet\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet with David Hastings, alto saxophone -- on Cambria CD1104\nBarn Dance from Mountain Music\nStephen Beall, violin; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet\nThe Claremont Quintet with Steven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Crystal LP S255","Piano Music:","Sonata for Piano\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nSummer Pieces (Glass Stems of the Clouds, Early One Summer, Wolf of Summer)\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nPiano Fantasy\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nBlack Raindrops\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands\nCarol Beall and Lucia Unrau, piano -- on Cambria CD1105","Records of West Virginia University professor of music and composer-in-residence John Beall. Includes correspondence, published scores and instrument parts, music manuscripts, composer notes, performance programs, and other materials. Beall's correspondence includes materials regarding his work with the Interlochen Center for the Arts, discussions with colleagues at other institutions, and more.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Restriction will be completely lifted in 2088 or upon the permission of the donor."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Information from WVU website.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Beall \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor – Composition \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComposer-in-Residence\n    \nComposer John Beall studied composition at Baylor University with Charles Eakin and Richard Willis, and completed doctoral study at the Eastman School of Music, where he was a student of Samuel Adler. In 1972 he received the Louis Lane Prize for his orchestral work, Lament for Those Lost in the War, and in 1973, the Howard Hanson Prize for his Concerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra. Since 1978, Dr. Beall has been Professor of Music and Composer-in-Residence at West Virginia University. Summers since 1992 have been spent teaching at the Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeall has received commissions from the National Endowment for the Arts (two awards), several universities, the West Virginia Music Teachers Association (Composer of the Year, 1981), Radiological Consultants Association of West Virginia, and the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra. Performances have come from the Dallas, Rochester, Pittsburgh, and West Virginia Symphonies, the Bach Choir of Pittsburgh, chamber organizations such as the Interlochen Faculty Players, Quorum, Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Claremont Quintet, Laureate Wind Quintet, Rutgers Wind Quintet, Georgia Wind Quintet, Savannah Wind Quintet, Aeolian Chamber Players, and various university ensembles and professional soloists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1985, Beall completed his Symphony No.1 while a fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation's Study and Conference Center at Bellagio, Italy, and at Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. The work was premiered by the West Virginia University Symphony Orchestra under Rachael Worby in 1986. In 1990, he was named Benedum Distinguished Scholar for the Arts and Humanities by West Virginia University. He is an annual winner of Serious Music Awards from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). His two-act opera based on Edith Wharton's novel \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eEthan Frome\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was performed as a part of the Centennial celebrations of the West Virginia University School of Music in November 1997, and recorded for video broadcast over Public Television. His music is published by MMB Music, Inc., Carl Fischer, and Southern Music Co. Recordings are on Crystal Records and Cambria Master Recordings. He is a member of ASCAP, Music Teachers National Association (MTNA), Society of Composers (SCI, Region III), and Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Works:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge Ensembles:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssay for Orchestra, 1964-1965\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSongs of Autumn, 1965-1966\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLament for Those Lost in the War, 1972\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConcerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra, 1973\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConcerto for Brass Quintet and Wind Orchestra, 1978\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCelebration Music, 1985\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSymphony No. 1, 1985\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMountain Music, 1987\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConcerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra, 1990-1991 (also scored for wind orchestra, 1994)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCortege, Processional for Orchestra, 1991\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConcerto for Violin and Orchestra, 1998\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChoral/Vocal:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSongs of Autumn (in piano reduction), 1966\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nRilke Songs, 1974\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHammarskjold Songs, 1967-1983\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPsalm 51, SATB, 1977\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMerwin Songs: Book I, 1982-1983\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPsalm 19, SATB with organ, 1988\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMerwin Songs: Book II, 1988\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Lord Is Good, SATB with organ, 1989\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPsalm 84, SATB with organ, 1989\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAnglican Mass, STB solo, SATB, organ, and orchestra, 1978-1991\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nRide On, Ride On, SATB with organ, 1991\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCome, Thou Holy Spirit, SATB with organ, 1991\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAll Praise Be Thine, O Risen Christ, SATB with organ, 1992\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMerwin Songs: Book III,1993\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eEthan Frome, Opera in Two Acts\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, 1994-1997\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeyboard:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSonatina, 1966\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPartita, 1967\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAria and Variations, 1969-1972\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlack Raindrops, 1977\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPiano Fantasy, 1980\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands, 1981\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHarpsichord Fantasy, 1982\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSummer Pieces, 1984\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nToccata and Fugue on Deus Tuorum Militum, for Organ, 1988\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSonata for Piano, 1992-1994\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChamber Music:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano, 1974\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSonata for Violin and Piano, 1976\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet, 1976\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nString Quartet, 1982\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTrio Fantasy for Oboe, Bassoon, and Piano, 1981\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOn Chestnut Ridge, Quartet for Violin, Clarinet, Cello, and Piano, 1982\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSonata for Cello and Piano, 1984\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCelebration Fanfare, 1986\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVariations on John Henry, for Three Violins (Intermediate Level), 1987\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTrio for Violin, Cello, and Piano, 1991\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nShaker Tunes, Free Variations for Woodwind Quintet, 1992 (also sextet version with alto saxophone)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWhitewater, for woodwind quintet \u0026amp; string quartet, 1994\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBreakers, for Flute and Piano, 1999\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWondrous Love: Variations for Viola and Piano, 1999\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTerra Firma, Trio for Flute, Violoncello, and Piano, 1998-1999\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe River, for string Quartet, 2000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Recorded Works:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChamber Music:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhitewater\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet and the West Virginia University String Quartet, Lawrence Christianson, conductor- on Cambria CD1104\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOn Chestnut Ridge\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nStephen Beall, violin; John Weigand, clarinet; William Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSonata for Violoncello and Piano\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWilliam Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nShaker Tunes: Free Variations for Woodwind Sextet\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet with David Hastings, alto saxophone -- on Cambria CD1104\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBarn Dance from Mountain Music\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nStephen Beall, violin; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nThe Claremont Quintet with Steven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Crystal LP S255\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePiano Music:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSonata for Piano\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSummer Pieces (Glass Stems of the Clouds, Early One Summer, Wolf of Summer)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPiano Fantasy\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlack Raindrops\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nCarol Beall and Lucia Unrau, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["[Information from WVU website.]","John Beall","Professor – Composition","Composer-in-Residence\n    \nComposer John Beall studied composition at Baylor University with Charles Eakin and Richard Willis, and completed doctoral study at the Eastman School of Music, where he was a student of Samuel Adler. In 1972 he received the Louis Lane Prize for his orchestral work, Lament for Those Lost in the War, and in 1973, the Howard Hanson Prize for his Concerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra. Since 1978, Dr. Beall has been Professor of Music and Composer-in-Residence at West Virginia University. Summers since 1992 have been spent teaching at the Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan.","Beall has received commissions from the National Endowment for the Arts (two awards), several universities, the West Virginia Music Teachers Association (Composer of the Year, 1981), Radiological Consultants Association of West Virginia, and the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra. Performances have come from the Dallas, Rochester, Pittsburgh, and West Virginia Symphonies, the Bach Choir of Pittsburgh, chamber organizations such as the Interlochen Faculty Players, Quorum, Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Claremont Quintet, Laureate Wind Quintet, Rutgers Wind Quintet, Georgia Wind Quintet, Savannah Wind Quintet, Aeolian Chamber Players, and various university ensembles and professional soloists.","In 1985, Beall completed his Symphony No.1 while a fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation's Study and Conference Center at Bellagio, Italy, and at Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. The work was premiered by the West Virginia University Symphony Orchestra under Rachael Worby in 1986. In 1990, he was named Benedum Distinguished Scholar for the Arts and Humanities by West Virginia University. He is an annual winner of Serious Music Awards from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). His two-act opera based on Edith Wharton's novel Ethan Frome was performed as a part of the Centennial celebrations of the West Virginia University School of Music in November 1997, and recorded for video broadcast over Public Television. His music is published by MMB Music, Inc., Carl Fischer, and Southern Music Co. Recordings are on Crystal Records and Cambria Master Recordings. He is a member of ASCAP, Music Teachers National Association (MTNA), Society of Composers (SCI, Region III), and Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia.","List of Works:","Large Ensembles:","Essay for Orchestra, 1964-1965\nSongs of Autumn, 1965-1966\nLament for Those Lost in the War, 1972\nConcerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra, 1973\nConcerto for Brass Quintet and Wind Orchestra, 1978\nCelebration Music, 1985\nSymphony No. 1, 1985\nMountain Music, 1987\nConcerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra, 1990-1991 (also scored for wind orchestra, 1994)\nCortege, Processional for Orchestra, 1991\nConcerto for Violin and Orchestra, 1998","Choral/Vocal:","Songs of Autumn (in piano reduction), 1966\nRilke Songs, 1974\nHammarskjold Songs, 1967-1983\nPsalm 51, SATB, 1977\nMerwin Songs: Book I, 1982-1983\nPsalm 19, SATB with organ, 1988\nMerwin Songs: Book II, 1988\nThe Lord Is Good, SATB with organ, 1989\nPsalm 84, SATB with organ, 1989\nAnglican Mass, STB solo, SATB, organ, and orchestra, 1978-1991\nRide On, Ride On, SATB with organ, 1991\nCome, Thou Holy Spirit, SATB with organ, 1991\nAll Praise Be Thine, O Risen Christ, SATB with organ, 1992\nMerwin Songs: Book III,1993\nEthan Frome, Opera in Two Acts, 1994-1997","Keyboard:","Sonatina, 1966\nPartita, 1967\nAria and Variations, 1969-1972\nBlack Raindrops, 1977\nPiano Fantasy, 1980\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands, 1981\nHarpsichord Fantasy, 1982\nSummer Pieces, 1984\nToccata and Fugue on Deus Tuorum Militum, for Organ, 1988\nSonata for Piano, 1992-1994","Chamber Music:","Sonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano, 1974\nSonata for Violin and Piano, 1976\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet, 1976\nString Quartet, 1982\nTrio Fantasy for Oboe, Bassoon, and Piano, 1981\nOn Chestnut Ridge, Quartet for Violin, Clarinet, Cello, and Piano, 1982\nSonata for Cello and Piano, 1984\nCelebration Fanfare, 1986\nVariations on John Henry, for Three Violins (Intermediate Level), 1987\nTrio for Violin, Cello, and Piano, 1991\nShaker Tunes, Free Variations for Woodwind Quintet, 1992 (also sextet version with alto saxophone)\nWhitewater, for woodwind quintet \u0026 string quartet, 1994\nBreakers, for Flute and Piano, 1999\nWondrous Love: Variations for Viola and Piano, 1999\nTerra Firma, Trio for Flute, Violoncello, and Piano, 1998-1999\nThe River, for string Quartet, 2000","List of Recorded Works:","Chamber Music:","Whitewater\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet and the West Virginia University String Quartet, Lawrence Christianson, conductor- on Cambria CD1104\nOn Chestnut Ridge\nStephen Beall, violin; John Weigand, clarinet; William Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nSonata for Violoncello and Piano\nWilliam Skidmore, violoncello; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nShaker Tunes: Free Variations for Woodwind Sextet\nThe Laureate Wind Quintet with David Hastings, alto saxophone -- on Cambria CD1104\nBarn Dance from Mountain Music\nStephen Beall, violin; Carol Beall, piano -- on Cambria CD1104\nSextet for Piano and Woodwind Quintet\nThe Claremont Quintet with Steven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Crystal LP S255","Piano Music:","Sonata for Piano\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nSummer Pieces (Glass Stems of the Clouds, Early One Summer, Wolf of Summer)\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nPiano Fantasy\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nBlack Raindrops\nSteven Herbert Smith, piano -- on Cambria CD1105\nCapriccio for Piano 4 Hands\nCarol Beall and Lucia Unrau, piano -- on Cambria CD1105"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Beall, Professor of Music, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 5185, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Beall, Professor of Music, Papers, A\u0026M 5185, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of West Virginia University professor of music and composer-in-residence John Beall. Includes correspondence, published scores and instrument parts, music manuscripts, composer notes, performance programs, and other materials. Beall's correspondence includes materials regarding his work with the Interlochen Center for the Arts, discussions with colleagues at other institutions, and more.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of West Virginia University professor of music and composer-in-residence John Beall. Includes correspondence, published scores and instrument parts, music manuscripts, composer notes, performance programs, and other materials. Beall's correspondence includes materials regarding his work with the Interlochen Center for the Arts, discussions with colleagues at other institutions, and more."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ad3970589b0c68f1179d53d9715f39b0\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Beall, John, 1942-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Beall, John, 1942-","Beall, John, 1942-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Beall, John, 1942-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":442,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:58.353Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3915_c12"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1140","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection, 1985/1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1140","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1140"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1140","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","parent_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530"],"title_filing_ssi":"1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection","title_ssm":["1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection"],"title_tesim":["1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection, 1985/1991"],"text":["1985-1991 NYSC Camp Director Selection, 1985/1991","National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000","Box 50"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1985-1991"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1140,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 50"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#1139","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3530.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197375","title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"text":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000","A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530","Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"collection_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_ssim":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026amp;M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc104c16d3f855f95686186977e4a8d1\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#1140","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3530.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197375","title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1960-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"text":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000","A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530","Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"collection_ssim":["National Youth Science Camp Records, 1960/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4084","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3530"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_ssim":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["62.5 Linear Feet Summary: 62 ft. 6 in. (50 record cartons, 15 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Requires signed form, since special access restriction applies.  All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026amp;M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], National Youth Science Camp Records, A\u0026M 4084, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the National Youth Science Camp, an annual science education camp for recent high school graduates held each summer at Camp Pocahontas near Thornwood, West Virginia.  Includes administrative records, such as minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, and some facilities and construction records.  There are also student delegate files, yearbooks, press books, press releases, clippings, photographs, and materials regarding a senate luncheon held regularly which includes invited speakers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc104c16d3f855f95686186977e4a8d1\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Youth Science Foundation"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Youth Science Foundation"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3530_c1141"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission","title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"title_tesim":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991"],"text":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1984-1991"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":20,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs, 1989/1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06","parent_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs","title_ssm":["1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs"],"title_tesim":["1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs, 1989/1991"],"text":["1989, 1990, and 1991 Commencement programs, 1989/1991","George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996","box 76","folder 7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1991"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1230,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"containers_ssim":["box 76","folder 7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#906","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:32.720Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_307.xml","title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"text":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence","Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.","Digital versions are available of two of the","The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\n      Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\n      Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\n      Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\n      Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)","The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.","The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit .","The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents.","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten.","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.","There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.","R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"unitid_tesim":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were and are actively being acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center through the Office of the President."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital versions are available of two of the \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~16~16\" title=\"President Thompson scrapbooks.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital versions are available of two of the"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\n      Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\n      Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\n      Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\n      Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eÁngel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Registrar records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0026\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Senior Vice President records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University: A History\" href=\"https://masonlibraries.org/masonhistory\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents.","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten.","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe5f00f5f1196924ca9248e4e7b3524\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea4c5eee18e65093e3f6f8ba5816dddc\"\u003eR81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","George Mason University. Office of the President","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2384,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:32.720Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c907"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1989-1992, 1989/1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 2: Correspondence, 1951/2014","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence, 1956/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989-1992","title_ssm":["1989-1992"],"title_tesim":["1989-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989-1992, 1989/1992"],"text":["1989-1992, 1989/1992","James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 2: Correspondence, 1951/2014","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence, 1956/2011","box 111","folder 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 2: Correspondence, 1951/2014","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence, 1956/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 2: Correspondence, 1951/2014","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence, 1956/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1571,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"containers_ssim":["box 111","folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#15","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c16"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1989 Delineation Manual, 1987/1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes the 1987 Delineation Manual, but not the 1989 version; 1987:90-92\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01","parent_ssim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000","Series 38: Fisheries and Wetlands, 1984/1997","Box 151"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38","viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989 Delineation Manual","title_ssm":["1989 Delineation Manual"],"title_tesim":["1989 Delineation Manual"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989 Delineation Manual, 1987/1992"],"text":["1989 Delineation Manual, 1987/1992","Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000","Series 38: Fisheries and Wetlands, 1984/1997","Box 151","Box 151","Folder 14","Includes the 1987 Delineation Manual, but not the 1989 version; 1987:90-92"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000","Series 38: Fisheries and Wetlands, 1984/1997","Box 151"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000","Series 38: Fisheries and Wetlands, 1984/1997","Box 151"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":5824,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 151","Folder 14"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes the 1987 Delineation Manual, but not the 1989 version; 1987:90-92\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes the 1987 Delineation Manual, but not the 1989 version; 1987:90-92"],"_nest_path_":"/components#37/components#0/components#13","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:33.166Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9292","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9292.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bateman, Herbert H., Congressional Records","title_ssm":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records"],"title_tesim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-2000","1982-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1982-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000"],"text":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000","Mss. Acc. 2000.74","/repositories/2/resources/9292","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Accession 2003.18 is Series 88, Herbert H. Bateman Trips, 1956, 1959, 1965, 1980, 1983, January – March 1985.","Herbert Harvell Bateman was born in 1928 at Perquimans County, North Carolina. He graduated from the College of William and Mary and received his law degree from Georgetown University. He served in the Virginia Senate from 1968 until 1983 when he was elected to Congress. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herbert Harvell Bateman.","Mss. 83 B31 Herbert H. Bateman Papers (Office files, 1968-1982, of Herbert H. Bateman, Virginia Republican State Senator from Newport News).","Information about related materials is available at http://vip.lib.virginia.edu:8080/cocoon/vivaead/published/wm/viw00055.xml.frame","Congressional records of Herbert Bateman, William \u0026 Mary Class of 1949, House of Representatives, 1982-2000, First Virginia District.  Includes records relating to congressional sessions such as budget, appropriations; local subjects including NASA, King William Reservoir, wetlands; weekly columns; speeches; schedule books, press releases, briefing books; campaign papers and other papers relating to his work in the House of Representatives.  Herbert Bateman served on the Armed Services and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Stored off-site. Please allow at least 72 hours for retrieval.  Boxes mistakenly labeled as 2001.03. Boxes 1-107: start at 19 A; Boxes 108-207 start at 241 A; Boxes 208-230 start at 137 A.","Special Collections Research Center","Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Records, 1956/2000, bulk 1982/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2000.74","/repositories/2/resources/9292"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2000.74","/repositories/2/resources/9292"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["230 Linear Feet 230 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["230 Linear Feet 230 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Accession 2003.18 is Series 88, Herbert H. Bateman Trips, 1956, 1959, 1965, 1980, 1983, January – March 1985.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Accession 2003.18 is Series 88, Herbert H. Bateman Trips, 1956, 1959, 1965, 1980, 1983, January – March 1985."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Harvell Bateman was born in 1928 at Perquimans County, North Carolina. He graduated from the College of William and Mary and received his law degree from Georgetown University. He served in the Virginia Senate from 1968 until 1983 when he was elected to Congress. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herbert%20Harvell%20Bateman\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herbert Harvell Bateman\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Harvell Bateman was born in 1928 at Perquimans County, North Carolina. He graduated from the College of William and Mary and received his law degree from Georgetown University. He served in the Virginia Senate from 1968 until 1983 when he was elected to Congress. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herbert Harvell Bateman."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert H. Bateman Congressional Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Herbert H. Bateman Congressional Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 83 B31 Herbert H. Bateman Papers (Office files, 1968-1982, of Herbert H. Bateman, Virginia Republican State Senator from Newport News).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Information about related materials is available at http://vip.lib.virginia.edu:8080/cocoon/vivaead/published/wm/viw00055.xml.frame\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. 83 B31 Herbert H. Bateman Papers (Office files, 1968-1982, of Herbert H. Bateman, Virginia Republican State Senator from Newport News).","Information about related materials is available at http://vip.lib.virginia.edu:8080/cocoon/vivaead/published/wm/viw00055.xml.frame"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCongressional records of Herbert Bateman, William \u0026amp; Mary Class of 1949, House of Representatives, 1982-2000, First Virginia District.  Includes records relating to congressional sessions such as budget, appropriations; local subjects including NASA, King William Reservoir, wetlands; weekly columns; speeches; schedule books, press releases, briefing books; campaign papers and other papers relating to his work in the House of Representatives.  Herbert Bateman served on the Armed Services and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Congressional records of Herbert Bateman, William \u0026 Mary Class of 1949, House of Representatives, 1982-2000, First Virginia District.  Includes records relating to congressional sessions such as budget, appropriations; local subjects including NASA, King William Reservoir, wetlands; weekly columns; speeches; schedule books, press releases, briefing books; campaign papers and other papers relating to his work in the House of Representatives.  Herbert Bateman served on the Armed Services and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e5d41d77c9a467f57988b5022422dcdf\"\u003eStored off-site. Please allow at least 72 hours for retrieval.  Boxes mistakenly labeled as 2001.03. Boxes 1-107: start at 19 A; Boxes 108-207 start at 241 A; Boxes 208-230 start at 137 A.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Stored off-site. Please allow at least 72 hours for retrieval.  Boxes mistakenly labeled as 2001.03. Boxes 1-107: start at 19 A; Boxes 108-207 start at 241 A; Boxes 208-230 start at 137 A."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bateman, Herbert Harvell, 1928-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":8543,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:33.166Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9292_c38_c01_c14"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union","title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"title_tesim":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991"],"text":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1991"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":33,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1990-1991, 1990/1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eHalloween disguise, campus scenics, Troy Wilhelm; Dr. Stan Englebretson, copies shots, montage; Uplink station, Dr. Robert Ehrlich and Maria Dwonzecka, Jeannie Lebowicz, student art work; Dr. Robert Ehrlich, Harry Vantrees, Dr. Anderson and Hamilton, CSI ceremony; Steve Carter, T. Dunn and P. D'Andrea; CSI ceremony, D. Boilear and Suzi Slayden; Dr. D. Harr, Kathleen Fitzgerald, Mr. Wheaton; Publications gang; copies of Dr. Seymour Lipset; open house with Governor Wilder, Arts Gala 1990; Men's basketball; unidentified contact sheets; MLK Day, Institute for Education Transformation; Black Student Organization; Dr. Shaefer, traffic at Tyson's; O. Bushong, TV studio \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00011","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00011","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02","parent_ssim":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007","Series 9: Creative Services, 1964/2007","Subseries 2: Chronological, 1981/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00011","vifgm_vifgm00011_c09","vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"1990-1991,","title_ssm":["1990-1991"],"title_tesim":["1990-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1990-1991, 1990/1991"],"text":["1990-1991, 1990/1991","George Mason University photograph collection, 2007","Series 9: Creative Services, 1964/2007","Subseries 2: Chronological, 1981/2007","box 90","Folder 2","Halloween disguise, campus scenics, Troy Wilhelm; Dr. Stan Englebretson, copies shots, montage; Uplink station, Dr. Robert Ehrlich and Maria Dwonzecka, Jeannie Lebowicz, student art work; Dr. Robert Ehrlich, Harry Vantrees, Dr. Anderson and Hamilton, CSI ceremony; Steve Carter, T. Dunn and P. D'Andrea; CSI ceremony, D. Boilear and Suzi Slayden; Dr. D. Harr, Kathleen Fitzgerald, Mr. Wheaton; Publications gang; copies of Dr. Seymour Lipset; open house with Governor Wilder, Arts Gala 1990; Men's basketball; unidentified contact sheets; MLK Day, Institute for Education Transformation; Black Student Organization; Dr. Shaefer, traffic at Tyson's; O. Bushong, TV studio","contact sheets, negatives, prints"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007","Series 9: Creative Services, 1964/2007","Subseries 2: Chronological, 1981/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007","Series 9: Creative Services, 1964/2007","Subseries 2: Chronological, 1981/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 12, 1990-January 31, 1991"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":2604,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007"],"containers_ssim":["box 90","Folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHalloween disguise, campus scenics, Troy Wilhelm; Dr. Stan Englebretson, copies shots, montage; Uplink station, Dr. Robert Ehrlich and Maria Dwonzecka, Jeannie Lebowicz, student art work; Dr. Robert Ehrlich, Harry Vantrees, Dr. Anderson and Hamilton, CSI ceremony; Steve Carter, T. Dunn and P. D'Andrea; CSI ceremony, D. Boilear and Suzi Slayden; Dr. D. Harr, Kathleen Fitzgerald, Mr. Wheaton; Publications gang; copies of Dr. Seymour Lipset; open house with Governor Wilder, Arts Gala 1990; Men's basketball; unidentified contact sheets; MLK Day, Institute for Education Transformation; Black Student Organization; Dr. Shaefer, traffic at Tyson's; O. Bushong, TV studio\n\u003c/p\u003e\n              ","\u003cp\u003econtact sheets, negatives, prints\u003c/p\u003e\n            "],"scopecontent_tesim":["Halloween disguise, campus scenics, Troy Wilhelm; Dr. Stan Englebretson, copies shots, montage; Uplink station, Dr. Robert Ehrlich and Maria Dwonzecka, Jeannie Lebowicz, student art work; Dr. Robert Ehrlich, Harry Vantrees, Dr. Anderson and Hamilton, CSI ceremony; Steve Carter, T. Dunn and P. D'Andrea; CSI ceremony, D. Boilear and Suzi Slayden; Dr. D. Harr, Kathleen Fitzgerald, Mr. Wheaton; Publications gang; copies of Dr. Seymour Lipset; open house with Governor Wilder, Arts Gala 1990; Men's basketball; unidentified contact sheets; MLK Day, Institute for Education Transformation; Black Student Organization; Dr. Shaefer, traffic at Tyson's; O. Bushong, TV studio","contact sheets, negatives, prints"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#1/components#61","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:33.373Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00011","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00011","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00011","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00011","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00011.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["George Mason University photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950s-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950s-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007"],"text":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007","R0120","Events--Photographs.","Performance art--Photographs.","Graduation ceremonies--Photographs.","Art--Photographs.","Universities and colleges--Photographs.","People--Photographs.","Police--Photographs.","Dormitories--Photographs.","Restaurants--Photographs.","Sports--Photographs.","Students--Photographs.","Negatives.","Photographic prints.","Slides.","Organized into nine series and then sorted either chonologically or alphabetically.","Series 1: University Relations, 1950s-1999 (Boxes 1-37)\n\n        Series 2: Broadside, 1971-1999  (Boxes 1-6)\n\n        Series 3: George Mason University Yearbook, 1979-mid 1990s (Boxes 1-6)\n\n        Series 4: George Mason University Foundation, 1989 (Boxes 1-11)\n\n        Series 5: Athletic Department, 1978-1994 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 6: Office of Admissions, 1985-1995 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 7: Office of the Registrar, 1970-1971 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 8: Photographs from Unidentified Offices, 1951-2000 (Boxes 1-3)\n\n        Series 9: Creative Services, 1964-2007 (Boxes 38-118)","The Office of University Relations is the primary communication center and contact point for information about the university. The office leads the university community in promoting George Mason University as a world-class institution of higher education.","Broadside, George Mason University's official student newspaper, began its life as The Gunston Ledger. An eight-page monthly printed on 12 inch by 9 inch paper, The Gunston Ledger first appeared on October 15, 1963 on the then George Mason College campus located in Bailey's Crossroads. On the staff of twelve students included a photography editor, Richard Sparks, and he contributed two to four photos for each edition. The content consisted of campus news, features on GMC faculty and students, engagement and wedding notices, and some commentary.\nThe Ledger became the Broadside on October 28, 1969. It was explained in that issue that the name change was part of an effort to remake the paper into more of a news instrument like that of the nation's revolutionary fathers. The Broadside was a weekly paper which contained sixteen or more pages in each issue. Photography in the Broadside was mostly limited to campus events and personalities.\nToday, Broadside is a modern newspaper. It is generated via computer and is published in a large, folded newspaper format. With two issues each week, it is produced more frequently. Its news is local, national, and international in scope. Besides campus news, the paper features national and world events, entertainment, music, and restaurant reviews, sports, and commentary. Photography for each issue is provided by both digital and traditional 35mm format cameras. Broadside uses staff photographers and major wire service outlets for its photographs.","As publication of the George Mason University Yearbook ceased in 1988, GM View: The George Mason Video Yearbook was born. Mason had maintained a print version of the yearbook since 1965 under various names (i.e. Advocate, By George, Patriotism, and others).\nGM View has been in continuous publication since 1989. Though each year's production is different from the others, they all have maintained the same basic format: a length of about 30 minutes; and coverage of university sports, greek, and campus events (such as Mason and Patriots' Day, International Week celebrations, graduations, etc).\nThis digital collection was created with the kind, generous, and expert help from the staff of GMU TV and Digital Programs and Systems, George Mason University Libraries.","The George Mason University Foundation was established in 1966 to advance and further the aims and purposes of George Mason University. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of the university. The foundation assists the university in generating private support, and manages, invests, and administers private gifts, including endowment and real property. It is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees, led by a chairman.","The George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007.","Series 1 contains 1696 folders which contain thousands of photographs; estimated to contain 10,000 photogaphs or more. The date range is from 1950s-1999. The series is mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include commencements and graduations as well as campus development from the beginning as Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC) to George Mason University in 1972. The modern university depicted in the photographs from the 1980s-1990s include construction photographs of academic buildings, dormitories, and parking lots. A few events seen throughout the collection are George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School, extended studies, Speakers Bureau, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, counseling, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, Agora Society, Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions.","Series 2 contains over two thousand photographs taken between 1971 and 1999. Ninety-nine percent of the photographs were taken by Broadside staff members, while the remaining images comprise official publicity photos of individuals or organizations. Topics in the collection include: images of the campus, student organizations, university sports, campus events, university administrative units, the GMU Board of Visitors, individuals, featured entertainers, restaurants, and arts. The majority of the images are in black-and-white, a few color images are dispersed throughout. The color images are almost all from the 1990s. Some negatives are available for a small part of the collection, found mostly in the sports photographs. Total volume of the collection is 2.75 linear feet.","Series 3 consists of 210 folders which include photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. The images contained in the collection encompass all areas of student life at George Mason University including students on campus, studying, Greek life, athletics, professors, and campus scenery. The date range is from 1979 to the mid-1990s. The total volume is 2.5 linear feet.","Series 4 contains color negatives and slides documenting the 1989 GMU Foundation Fundraising Campaign. The majority of the negatives and slides are images of student life on campus but also campus buildings, arts and performances, faculty, and campus technology. The slides and negatives occupy eleven boxes and span 2 linear feet.","Series 5 consists of photographs from the GMU Athletic Department used in game programs and promotional literature. Subjects include campus life, game crowds, and athletic competitions.","Series 6 includes photographs of office scenes, staff, and social gatherings from the Office of Admissions.","Series 7 consists of slides from graduation ceremonies in 1970 and 1971. These slides originated in the Office of the Registrar.","Series 8 was artificially created with photographs from unidentified offices. Subjects are similar to those from the other series including athletic events, campus life, faculty, and campus buildings.","Series 9 contains thousands of photographs from the Creative Services division of University Relations.","The date range for this series is 1964-2007. The series consists of mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, slides, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include graduations (commencements) as well as campus development from the 1970s to early 2007. The bulk of the material contains images of faculty, staff, students, alumni, campus scenes, construction, and events. Subjects seen throughout the series include George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School and Arlington campus, Prince William campus, Mason community, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, Northern Virginia and Washington D.C. scenes, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, the Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions. This series has many images in common with series one.","There are four subseries to this series based on original order.","The first subseries is Subjects. This subseries contains mostly black and white photographs with some slides, color photographs, negatives, and contact sheets. It is arranged by subject according to a number system employed by the university photographers. The number system is as follows: 1. Outdoor campus and scenics, 2. Buildings and physical features, 3. Construction, 4. Students: Individuals, 5. Students: Groups 6. Students: In classrooms, 7. Students: Non-class academic, 8. On-campus housing, 9. Student services, 10. Student-Faculty interaction, 11. Social events / club activities, 12. Admin/faculty/staff: Individuals, 13. Admin/faculty/staff: Groups, 14. Admin/faculty/staff: Workplace, 15. Admin/faculty/staff: Social/casual, 16. VIP's on campus, 17. Commencement (graduation), 18. Arts Gala, 19. University Day, 20. Miscellaneous annual events, 21. Miscellaneous one-time events, 22. Student performances, 23. Faculty performances, 24. Student artworks/exhibitions, 25. Faculty artworks/exhibitions, 26. Visiting performances/exhibitions, 27. Fine and performing arts classrooms, 28. Science labs, 29. Science field trips, 30. Computer facilities, 31. Cablecast facilities, 32. Nursing School facilities, 33. Law School Facilities (Arlington campus), 34. High-tech centers and firms, 35. Northern Virginia area, 36. Washington D.C. attractions, 37. Patriot Center events (non-GMU), 38. Basketball (GMU), 39. Soccer (GMU), 40. Other varsity sports, 41. Special effects and abstracts, 42. Copy shots, titles and logos, 43. Other off-campus locations, 44. Alumni, 45. Community service/events, 46. Historical/archival photos, 47. Federal Theatre Project (FTP), 48. New Century College, 49. Campus community, 50. Miscellaneous, 51. Prince William, 52. President Alan Merten","Subseries two is Chronological. It is arranged by date from earliest to most recent. This series contains mostly contact sheets and negatives but also includes some black and white photographs, and slides.","Subseries three consists of publications and their accompanying photographs. Formats include black and white photographs, color photographs, slides, negatives, and contact sheets with their corresponding brochures, reports, posters, or newsletters. They are arranged alphabetically.","Subseries four consists of fourteen disassembled photo albums. Photo albums are arranged alphabetically by subject.","The George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007. The collection includes images of student life, campus architecture and construction, campus events, faculty and staff, performances, and art.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Photographs.","Alpha Chi--Photographs.","Tau Kappa Epsilon--Photographs.","Phi Delta Kappa--Photographs.","Quintillion Society--Photographs.","GMU Women's club--Photographs.","George Mason Bank--Photographs.","Fenwick, Charles Rodgers--Photographs.","Miller, Andrew--Photographs.","Holton, Abner Linwood Jr.--Photographs.","Bumgarner, Ken--Photographs.","Buchanan, James--Photographs.","Dalton, John N.--Photographs.","Matsunaga, Spark --Photographs.","Palmer, Ronald --Photographs.","Krug, Robert Charles --Photographs.","Reznor, Trent--Photographs.","Bush, George--Photographs.","Clinton, William--Photographs.","Johnson, George--Photographs.","Reno, Janet--Photographs.","Biden, Joe--Photographs.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University photograph collection, 2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["R0120"],"unitid_tesim":["R0120"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Charles Rodgers--Photographs.","Miller, Andrew--Photographs.","Holton, Abner Linwood Jr.--Photographs.","Bumgarner, Ken--Photographs.","Buchanan, James--Photographs.","Dalton, John N.--Photographs.","Matsunaga, Spark --Photographs.","Palmer, Ronald --Photographs.","Krug, Robert Charles --Photographs.","Reznor, Trent--Photographs.","Bush, George--Photographs.","Clinton, William--Photographs.","Johnson, George--Photographs.","Reno, Janet--Photographs.","Biden, Joe--Photographs."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Photographs.","Alpha Chi--Photographs.","Tau Kappa Epsilon--Photographs.","Phi Delta Kappa--Photographs.","Quintillion Society--Photographs.","GMU Women's club--Photographs.","George Mason Bank--Photographs."],"creators_ssim":["Fenwick, Charles Rodgers--Photographs.","Miller, Andrew--Photographs.","Holton, Abner Linwood Jr.--Photographs.","Bumgarner, Ken--Photographs.","Buchanan, James--Photographs.","Dalton, John N.--Photographs.","Matsunaga, Spark --Photographs.","Palmer, Ronald --Photographs.","Krug, Robert Charles --Photographs.","Reznor, Trent--Photographs.","Bush, George--Photographs.","Clinton, William--Photographs.","Johnson, George--Photographs.","Reno, Janet--Photographs.","Biden, Joe--Photographs.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Photographs.","Alpha Chi--Photographs.","Tau Kappa Epsilon--Photographs.","Phi Delta Kappa--Photographs.","Quintillion Society--Photographs.","GMU Women's club--Photographs.","George Mason Bank--Photographs."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the offices of University Life, University Relations, and the GMU Foundation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Events--Photographs.","Performance art--Photographs.","Graduation ceremonies--Photographs.","Art--Photographs.","Universities and colleges--Photographs.","People--Photographs.","Police--Photographs.","Dormitories--Photographs.","Restaurants--Photographs.","Sports--Photographs.","Students--Photographs.","Negatives.","Photographic prints.","Slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Events--Photographs.","Performance art--Photographs.","Graduation ceremonies--Photographs.","Art--Photographs.","Universities and colleges--Photographs.","People--Photographs.","Police--Photographs.","Dormitories--Photographs.","Restaurants--Photographs.","Sports--Photographs.","Students--Photographs.","Negatives.","Photographic prints.","Slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["61 linear ft.; 147 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["61 linear ft.; 147 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into nine series and then sorted either chonologically or alphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: University Relations, 1950s-1999 (Boxes 1-37)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Broadside, 1971-1999  (Boxes 1-6)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Mason University Yearbook, 1979-mid 1990s (Boxes 1-6)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: George Mason University Foundation, 1989 (Boxes 1-11)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Athletic Department, 1978-1994 (Box 1)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Office of Admissions, 1985-1995 (Box 1)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Office of the Registrar, 1970-1971 (Box 1)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Photographs from Unidentified Offices, 1951-2000 (Boxes 1-3)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Creative Services, 1964-2007 (Boxes 38-118)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into nine series and then sorted either chonologically or alphabetically.","Series 1: University Relations, 1950s-1999 (Boxes 1-37)\n\n        Series 2: Broadside, 1971-1999  (Boxes 1-6)\n\n        Series 3: George Mason University Yearbook, 1979-mid 1990s (Boxes 1-6)\n\n        Series 4: George Mason University Foundation, 1989 (Boxes 1-11)\n\n        Series 5: Athletic Department, 1978-1994 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 6: Office of Admissions, 1985-1995 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 7: Office of the Registrar, 1970-1971 (Box 1)\n\n        Series 8: Photographs from Unidentified Offices, 1951-2000 (Boxes 1-3)\n\n        Series 9: Creative Services, 1964-2007 (Boxes 38-118)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of University Relations is the primary communication center and contact point for information about the university. The office leads the university community in promoting George Mason University as a world-class institution of higher education.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBroadside, George Mason University's official student newspaper, began its life as The Gunston Ledger. An eight-page monthly printed on 12 inch by 9 inch paper, The Gunston Ledger first appeared on October 15, 1963 on the then George Mason College campus located in Bailey's Crossroads. On the staff of twelve students included a photography editor, Richard Sparks, and he contributed two to four photos for each edition. The content consisted of campus news, features on GMC faculty and students, engagement and wedding notices, and some commentary.\nThe Ledger became the Broadside on October 28, 1969. It was explained in that issue that the name change was part of an effort to remake the paper into more of a news instrument like that of the nation's revolutionary fathers. The Broadside was a weekly paper which contained sixteen or more pages in each issue. Photography in the Broadside was mostly limited to campus events and personalities.\nToday, Broadside is a modern newspaper. It is generated via computer and is published in a large, folded newspaper format. With two issues each week, it is produced more frequently. Its news is local, national, and international in scope. Besides campus news, the paper features national and world events, entertainment, music, and restaurant reviews, sports, and commentary. Photography for each issue is provided by both digital and traditional 35mm format cameras. Broadside uses staff photographers and major wire service outlets for its photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAs publication of the George Mason University Yearbook ceased in 1988, GM View: The George Mason Video Yearbook was born. Mason had maintained a print version of the yearbook since 1965 under various names (i.e. Advocate, By George, Patriotism, and others).\nGM View has been in continuous publication since 1989. Though each year's production is different from the others, they all have maintained the same basic format: a length of about 30 minutes; and coverage of university sports, greek, and campus events (such as Mason and Patriots' Day, International Week celebrations, graduations, etc).\nThis digital collection was created with the kind, generous, and expert help from the staff of GMU TV and Digital Programs and Systems, George Mason University Libraries. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Foundation was established in 1966 to advance and further the aims and purposes of George Mason University. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of the university. The foundation assists the university in generating private support, and manages, invests, and administers private gifts, including endowment and real property. It is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees, led by a chairman.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of University Relations is the primary communication center and contact point for information about the university. The office leads the university community in promoting George Mason University as a world-class institution of higher education.","Broadside, George Mason University's official student newspaper, began its life as The Gunston Ledger. An eight-page monthly printed on 12 inch by 9 inch paper, The Gunston Ledger first appeared on October 15, 1963 on the then George Mason College campus located in Bailey's Crossroads. On the staff of twelve students included a photography editor, Richard Sparks, and he contributed two to four photos for each edition. The content consisted of campus news, features on GMC faculty and students, engagement and wedding notices, and some commentary.\nThe Ledger became the Broadside on October 28, 1969. It was explained in that issue that the name change was part of an effort to remake the paper into more of a news instrument like that of the nation's revolutionary fathers. The Broadside was a weekly paper which contained sixteen or more pages in each issue. Photography in the Broadside was mostly limited to campus events and personalities.\nToday, Broadside is a modern newspaper. It is generated via computer and is published in a large, folded newspaper format. With two issues each week, it is produced more frequently. Its news is local, national, and international in scope. Besides campus news, the paper features national and world events, entertainment, music, and restaurant reviews, sports, and commentary. Photography for each issue is provided by both digital and traditional 35mm format cameras. Broadside uses staff photographers and major wire service outlets for its photographs.","As publication of the George Mason University Yearbook ceased in 1988, GM View: The George Mason Video Yearbook was born. Mason had maintained a print version of the yearbook since 1965 under various names (i.e. Advocate, By George, Patriotism, and others).\nGM View has been in continuous publication since 1989. Though each year's production is different from the others, they all have maintained the same basic format: a length of about 30 minutes; and coverage of university sports, greek, and campus events (such as Mason and Patriots' Day, International Week celebrations, graduations, etc).\nThis digital collection was created with the kind, generous, and expert help from the staff of GMU TV and Digital Programs and Systems, George Mason University Libraries.","The George Mason University Foundation was established in 1966 to advance and further the aims and purposes of George Mason University. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of the university. The foundation assists the university in generating private support, and manages, invests, and administers private gifts, including endowment and real property. It is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees, led by a chairman."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains 1696 folders which contain thousands of photographs; estimated to contain 10,000 photogaphs or more. The date range is from 1950s-1999. The series is mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include commencements and graduations as well as campus development from the beginning as Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC) to George Mason University in 1972. The modern university depicted in the photographs from the 1980s-1990s include construction photographs of academic buildings, dormitories, and parking lots. A few events seen throughout the collection are George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School, extended studies, Speakers Bureau, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, counseling, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, Agora Society, Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains over two thousand photographs taken between 1971 and 1999. Ninety-nine percent of the photographs were taken by Broadside staff members, while the remaining images comprise official publicity photos of individuals or organizations. Topics in the collection include: images of the campus, student organizations, university sports, campus events, university administrative units, the GMU Board of Visitors, individuals, featured entertainers, restaurants, and arts. The majority of the images are in black-and-white, a few color images are dispersed throughout. The color images are almost all from the 1990s. Some negatives are available for a small part of the collection, found mostly in the sports photographs. Total volume of the collection is 2.75 linear feet. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 consists of 210 folders which include photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. The images contained in the collection encompass all areas of student life at George Mason University including students on campus, studying, Greek life, athletics, professors, and campus scenery. The date range is from 1979 to the mid-1990s. The total volume is 2.5 linear feet.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains color negatives and slides documenting the 1989 GMU Foundation Fundraising Campaign. The majority of the negatives and slides are images of student life on campus but also campus buildings, arts and performances, faculty, and campus technology. The slides and negatives occupy eleven boxes and span 2 linear feet.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of photographs from the GMU Athletic Department used in game programs and promotional literature. Subjects include campus life, game crowds, and athletic competitions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 includes photographs of office scenes, staff, and social gatherings from the Office of Admissions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 consists of slides from graduation ceremonies in 1970 and 1971. These slides originated in the Office of the Registrar.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 was artificially created with photographs from unidentified offices. Subjects are similar to those from the other series including athletic events, campus life, faculty, and campus buildings.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 contains thousands of photographs from the Creative Services division of University Relations. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nThe date range for this series is 1964-2007. The series consists of mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, slides, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include graduations (commencements) as well as campus development from the 1970s to early 2007. The bulk of the material contains images of faculty, staff, students, alumni, campus scenes, construction, and events. Subjects seen throughout the series include George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School and Arlington campus, Prince William campus, Mason community, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, Northern Virginia and Washington D.C. scenes, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, the Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions. This series has many images in common with series one.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere are four subseries to this series based on original order. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries is Subjects. This subseries contains mostly black and white photographs with some slides, color photographs, negatives, and contact sheets. It is arranged by subject according to a number system employed by the university photographers. The number system is as follows: 1. Outdoor campus and scenics, 2. Buildings and physical features, 3. Construction, 4. Students: Individuals, 5. Students: Groups 6. Students: In classrooms, 7. Students: Non-class academic, 8. On-campus housing, 9. Student services, 10. Student-Faculty interaction, 11. Social events / club activities, 12. Admin/faculty/staff: Individuals, 13. Admin/faculty/staff: Groups, 14. Admin/faculty/staff: Workplace, 15. Admin/faculty/staff: Social/casual, 16. VIP's on campus, 17. Commencement (graduation), 18. Arts Gala, 19. University Day, 20. Miscellaneous annual events, 21. Miscellaneous one-time events, 22. Student performances, 23. Faculty performances, 24. Student artworks/exhibitions, 25. Faculty artworks/exhibitions, 26. Visiting performances/exhibitions, 27. Fine and performing arts classrooms, 28. Science labs, 29. Science field trips, 30. Computer facilities, 31. Cablecast facilities, 32. Nursing School facilities, 33. Law School Facilities (Arlington campus), 34. High-tech centers and firms, 35. Northern Virginia area, 36. Washington D.C. attractions, 37. Patriot Center events (non-GMU), 38. Basketball (GMU), 39. Soccer (GMU), 40. Other varsity sports, 41. Special effects and abstracts, 42. Copy shots, titles and logos, 43. Other off-campus locations, 44. Alumni, 45. Community service/events, 46. Historical/archival photos, 47. Federal Theatre Project (FTP), 48. New Century College, 49. Campus community, 50. Miscellaneous, 51. Prince William, 52. President Alan Merten\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSubseries two is Chronological. It is arranged by date from earliest to most recent. This series contains mostly contact sheets and negatives but also includes some black and white photographs, and slides.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSubseries three consists of publications and their accompanying photographs. Formats include black and white photographs, color photographs, slides, negatives, and contact sheets with their corresponding brochures, reports, posters, or newsletters. They are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSubseries four consists of fourteen disassembled photo albums. Photo albums are arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007.","Series 1 contains 1696 folders which contain thousands of photographs; estimated to contain 10,000 photogaphs or more. The date range is from 1950s-1999. The series is mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include commencements and graduations as well as campus development from the beginning as Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC) to George Mason University in 1972. The modern university depicted in the photographs from the 1980s-1990s include construction photographs of academic buildings, dormitories, and parking lots. A few events seen throughout the collection are George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School, extended studies, Speakers Bureau, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, counseling, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, Agora Society, Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions.","Series 2 contains over two thousand photographs taken between 1971 and 1999. Ninety-nine percent of the photographs were taken by Broadside staff members, while the remaining images comprise official publicity photos of individuals or organizations. Topics in the collection include: images of the campus, student organizations, university sports, campus events, university administrative units, the GMU Board of Visitors, individuals, featured entertainers, restaurants, and arts. The majority of the images are in black-and-white, a few color images are dispersed throughout. The color images are almost all from the 1990s. Some negatives are available for a small part of the collection, found mostly in the sports photographs. Total volume of the collection is 2.75 linear feet.","Series 3 consists of 210 folders which include photographs, contact sheets, and negatives. The images contained in the collection encompass all areas of student life at George Mason University including students on campus, studying, Greek life, athletics, professors, and campus scenery. The date range is from 1979 to the mid-1990s. The total volume is 2.5 linear feet.","Series 4 contains color negatives and slides documenting the 1989 GMU Foundation Fundraising Campaign. The majority of the negatives and slides are images of student life on campus but also campus buildings, arts and performances, faculty, and campus technology. The slides and negatives occupy eleven boxes and span 2 linear feet.","Series 5 consists of photographs from the GMU Athletic Department used in game programs and promotional literature. Subjects include campus life, game crowds, and athletic competitions.","Series 6 includes photographs of office scenes, staff, and social gatherings from the Office of Admissions.","Series 7 consists of slides from graduation ceremonies in 1970 and 1971. These slides originated in the Office of the Registrar.","Series 8 was artificially created with photographs from unidentified offices. Subjects are similar to those from the other series including athletic events, campus life, faculty, and campus buildings.","Series 9 contains thousands of photographs from the Creative Services division of University Relations.","The date range for this series is 1964-2007. The series consists of mostly black and white photographs, contact sheets, slides, and negatives. There are also some color images. Subjects include graduations (commencements) as well as campus development from the 1970s to early 2007. The bulk of the material contains images of faculty, staff, students, alumni, campus scenes, construction, and events. Subjects seen throughout the series include George Mason Day, Patriot's Day, freshman orientation, Alumni Association parties, registration, athletics, student club meetings, art sculputures and displays, GMU Law School and Arlington campus, Prince William campus, Mason community, Chess Federation, Northern Virginia Press Club, Northern Virginia and Washington D.C. scenes, class trips, dances, festivals, presentations, promotions, donation events, the Federal Theatre Project, Wolf Trap, and student productions. This series has many images in common with series one.","There are four subseries to this series based on original order.","The first subseries is Subjects. This subseries contains mostly black and white photographs with some slides, color photographs, negatives, and contact sheets. It is arranged by subject according to a number system employed by the university photographers. The number system is as follows: 1. Outdoor campus and scenics, 2. Buildings and physical features, 3. Construction, 4. Students: Individuals, 5. Students: Groups 6. Students: In classrooms, 7. Students: Non-class academic, 8. On-campus housing, 9. Student services, 10. Student-Faculty interaction, 11. Social events / club activities, 12. Admin/faculty/staff: Individuals, 13. Admin/faculty/staff: Groups, 14. Admin/faculty/staff: Workplace, 15. Admin/faculty/staff: Social/casual, 16. VIP's on campus, 17. Commencement (graduation), 18. Arts Gala, 19. University Day, 20. Miscellaneous annual events, 21. Miscellaneous one-time events, 22. Student performances, 23. Faculty performances, 24. Student artworks/exhibitions, 25. Faculty artworks/exhibitions, 26. Visiting performances/exhibitions, 27. Fine and performing arts classrooms, 28. Science labs, 29. Science field trips, 30. Computer facilities, 31. Cablecast facilities, 32. Nursing School facilities, 33. Law School Facilities (Arlington campus), 34. High-tech centers and firms, 35. Northern Virginia area, 36. Washington D.C. attractions, 37. Patriot Center events (non-GMU), 38. Basketball (GMU), 39. Soccer (GMU), 40. Other varsity sports, 41. Special effects and abstracts, 42. Copy shots, titles and logos, 43. Other off-campus locations, 44. Alumni, 45. Community service/events, 46. Historical/archival photos, 47. Federal Theatre Project (FTP), 48. New Century College, 49. Campus community, 50. Miscellaneous, 51. Prince William, 52. President Alan Merten","Subseries two is Chronological. It is arranged by date from earliest to most recent. This series contains mostly contact sheets and negatives but also includes some black and white photographs, and slides.","Subseries three consists of publications and their accompanying photographs. Formats include black and white photographs, color photographs, slides, negatives, and contact sheets with their corresponding brochures, reports, posters, or newsletters. They are arranged alphabetically.","Subseries four consists of fourteen disassembled photo albums. Photo albums are arranged alphabetically by subject."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007. The collection includes images of student life, campus architecture and construction, campus events, faculty and staff, performances, and art.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The George Mason University photograph collection is a combination of nine series: University Relations, Broadside Student Newspaper, Yearbook Photographs, George Mason University Foundation, Athletic Department, Office of Admissions, Office of the Registrar, photographs from unidentified offices, and Creative Services. The total collection contains over 12,000 color and black and white photographs, including prints, contact sheets, and negatives, taken between the 1950s and 2007. The collection includes images of student life, campus architecture and construction, campus events, faculty and staff, performances, and art."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Photographs.","Alpha Chi--Photographs.","Tau Kappa Epsilon--Photographs.","Phi Delta Kappa--Photographs.","Quintillion Society--Photographs.","GMU Women's club--Photographs.","George Mason Bank--Photographs."],"persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Charles Rodgers--Photographs.","Miller, Andrew--Photographs.","Holton, Abner Linwood Jr.--Photographs.","Bumgarner, Ken--Photographs.","Buchanan, James--Photographs.","Dalton, John N.--Photographs.","Matsunaga, Spark --Photographs.","Palmer, Ronald --Photographs.","Krug, Robert Charles --Photographs.","Reznor, Trent--Photographs.","Bush, George--Photographs.","Clinton, William--Photographs.","Johnson, George--Photographs.","Reno, Janet--Photographs.","Biden, Joe--Photographs."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. 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Joe--Photographs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2833,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:33.373Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00011_c09_c02_c62"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":175},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":6313},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce 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