{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=5070\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":5070,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":50691,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials"],"text":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials","Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»","Russian"],"title_filing_ssi":"Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»","title_ssm":["Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»"],"title_tesim":["Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза потерпевших, Метелица Ю.Л., Москва, «Юридическая литература»"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":226,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"language_ssim":["Russian"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#16/components#22","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c23"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":",","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eImages of Gunston Hall, as well as the Mason Coat of Arms, publications, the Prophetic Pineapple of Gunston Hall, and postcard. (with negatives and slides) \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00017","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00017","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00017_c18","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00017_c18","parent_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00017","vifgm_vifgm00017_c18"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00017","vifgm_vifgm00017_c18"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection","Series 18: Gunston Hall,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection","Series 18: Gunston Hall,"],"text":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection","Series 18: Gunston Hall,",",","box 16","Folder 1-19","Images of Gunston Hall, as well as the Mason Coat of Arms, publications, the Prophetic Pineapple of Gunston Hall, and postcard. (with negatives and slides)\n\t"],"title_filing_ssi":", ","title_ssm":[", "],"title_tesim":[", "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1960s, 1970s, 1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":[","],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":752,"date_range_isim":[1990],"containers_ssim":["box 16","Folder 1-19"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eImages of Gunston Hall, as well as the Mason Coat of Arms, publications, the Prophetic Pineapple of Gunston Hall, and postcard. (with negatives and slides)\n\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Images of Gunston Hall, as well as the Mason Coat of Arms, publications, the Prophetic Pineapple of Gunston Hall, and postcard. (with negatives and slides)\n\t"],"_nest_path_":"/components#17/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:46:57.587Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00017","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00017","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00017","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00017.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection\n"],"title_tesim":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection\n"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1995\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1995\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0032\n"],"text":["C0032\n","The Charles Baptie photograph collection","Buildings--Photographs.","Drive-in restaurants--Photographs.","Embassy buildings--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Monuments and memorials--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Nature--Photographs.","Service stations--Photographs.","Technology--Photographs.","Aerial photographs.","Negtaives.","Photographic prints.","Portraits.","Slides.","The collection is organized into 21 series.","Series 1: Buildings: Interior and Exterior, 1947-1975\n Series 2: Embassies, 1950s-1970s\n Series 3: Art, 1947-1975\n Series 4: Publications, 1942-1994\n Series 5: Texaco Stations, 1950-1972\n Series 6: Hot Shoppes, 1948-1953\n Series 7: Washington, D.C., Monuments, 1944-1991\n Series 8: Aerial Photographs, 1934-1991\n Series 9: Nature, 1917-1988\n Series 10: Maps and Building Plans, 1941-1973\n Series 11: People, 1944-1976\n Series 12: Food, 1950s-1960s\n Series 13: Museum Exhibits, 1952-1970s\n Series 14: Animals, 1946-1980s\n Series 15: Technology, 1948-1974\n Series 16: George Mason College, 1959-1976\n Series 17: Vehicles, 1946-1995\n Series 18: Gunston Hall, 1960s-1993\n Series 19: International, 1958-1989\n Series 20: Correspondence, 1955-1990s\n Series 21: Electronic Media, 1970s-1980s\n","Charles Baptie, a photographer, printer, and publisher, was born in Munhall, PA on March 13, 1914. Early in life, Baptie became interested in photography and airplanes, interests that would eventually lead to him becoming a photographer and public relations agent for Capital Airlines. His camera recorded the life of the airline for many years. When Capital Airlines merged with United Airlines, Baptie left the company and formed his own business, Charles Baptie Studios, Inc.\n","While operating his own studio, Baptie provided photographs for more than fifty books and other publications, including:  Capital Airlines: A Nostalgic Flight Into the Past ,  Great Houses of Washington ,  Camera on Assignment  (with Ollie Atkins), the sixteen volume  Encyclopedia of United States History ,  Guest House of the Presidents , the story of the Blair Lee House, and  Mid the Hills of Pennsylvania . As a photojournalist, Baptie covered feature stories for leading magazines and other news publications. Over the course of his journalistic career, Baptie met and photographed many world leaders and public figures.  He passed away in 2000.","The Charles Baptie Photograph Collection contains color prints and negatives of Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason; color transparencies from the Encyclopedia of United States History; color transparencies and prints from the Great Houses of Washington, D.C.; black \u0026 white negatives of the Washington metropolitan area; and photographs of George Mason College.  There are, in addition, aerial photographs, photographs of malaria prevention overseas, and publicity photographs for various publications. Also included in this collection are photographs pertaining to the childrens' book, Herkie the Pup, written by Charles Baptie. The total volume of the collection is 26 linear feet, consisting of 24 document boxes, 35 3-ring photo boxes, and 12 oversize boxes.  ","Series 1 is a group of images of buildings, both interior and exterior, including facades of famous houses and embassies around DC as well as images of the interior decorations; also included are images of churches, DC monuments, hotels, restaurants, schools, laboratories, service stations, theaters, hospitals, and personal homes.  \n","Series 2 consists of images of the Belgian, Brazilian, French, Irish, Mexican, Peruvian, Spanish, and Turkish embassies; most of these items are also found in series 1. \n","Series 3 contains images of artwork, including of paintings, sculptures, dolls, trophies, and architecture; also images of artwork used for publications such as a baseball book, an Encyclopedia of American History, a History of the Civil War, and a Northern Virginia guidebook.  \n","Series 4 is for Publications for which Baptie either provided photos or printed at his studio including brochures and pamphlets, guide books, logos, small print books, magazines, and poetry collections.  \n","Series 5 shows images of Texaco stations in the area, both on the ground and in the air throughout the Washington, D.C., area included are aerial views and on-the-ground images, as well as plans, blueprints, portraits, and vehicles.  \n","Hot Shoppes restaurant photos make up Series 6, Hot Shoppes were a chain of restaurant owned by the Marriott Company and the series includes images of food, their Airline service, their kitchens, and the dining rooms of the restaurants. \n","Series 7 includes photographs of D.C. monuments and landmarks including Capitol Hill, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Washington Monument, the White House, and Mount Vernon.  \n","Series 8 contains images from several other series that happen to be aerial shots, as well as general aerial views from around the country; images of nearby locations include Alexandria, Annandale, Texaco service stations, construction sites, DC monuments, Gunston Hall, Sully Plantation, and the Potomac River.  \n","Series 9 consists of nature scenes, such as trees, mountains, clouds, gardens, fireworks, sunsets, clouds, bodies of water, landscapes, and cemeteries.  \n","Series 10 contains maps and building plans, such as blueprints or architectural renderings, specific topics include St. Agnes School, Baltimore, Texaco, Hazelton labs, Woodbridge Toll Center, and Fairfax Hills.  \n","People make up the subject of Series 11, where the people are doing something else or just taking a portrait.  Many photos have unidentified subjects, while others show notable Washingtonians and politicians, athletes, scientists, wedding guests, presidents, actors, the National Symphony, and military leaders.  \n","Series 12 consists of pictures of food from restaurants, Hot Shoppes, and holiday events.  \n","Series 13 is made up of museum exhibits and artifacts including the Star Spangled Banner, dolls, and various Smithsonian objects and exhibits.  \n","Series 14 documents various animals including monkeys, horses, birds, bees, cattle, dogs, hippopotamuses, snakes, butterflies and animals for scientific testing.  \n","Series 15 shows different types of technology such as science labs, computers, a space shuttle, factories, and a camera.  ","George Mason College is featured in Series 16 with images of athletic teams, staff members, buildings, campus, students, graduations, George Mason Day, and printed materials.  \n","Series 17 includes pictures of vehicles, such as cars, baby carriage, planes, trains, ships, helicopters and bicycles.  \n","Series 18 consists of images from Gunston Hall, the historical home of George Mason.  Images in the series include the Mason coat of arms, publications, postcard images, aerial views, and a car show hosted by Gunston Hall.  \n","Series 19 is consists of images of international subjects taken during Baptie's many travels, including various settings in Central America, like Brazil, Honduras, and Ecuador; and other locations, such as Paris or India.  \n","Series 20 is made up of documents consisting of correspondence between Charles Baptie and others about photograph orders and publications. \n","Finally, Series 21 contains electronic media, specifically a number of 5 1/4 inch floppy discs used for a program called Wordstar.\n","Mid-20th century photographs of Washington, D.C., area landmarks, including Gunston Hall, the White House, and embassies; local businesses, including Texaco stations and Hot Shoppes; and more common subjects, like artwork, animals, nature, or people.  These images are in several formats: negatives, slides, prints, and publications.  \n","George Mason University--Photographs.","Gunston Hall (Va.)--Photographs.","Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n","Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1890-1969--Photographs.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972--Photographs.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0032\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["The Charles Baptie photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n"],"creator_ssim":["Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n"],"creators_ssim":["Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in several stages by Charles Baptie and J. Roger Bentley.  Charles Baptie, in November 1993, donated GMU materials and other material relating to Northern Virginia.  He donated 2.4 linear feet of negatives in July 1994.  He donated more photographic negatives and other material in September 1994.  In May 2002, J. Roger Bentley donated 1900 negatives, 1,400 photographs, and some publication materials.  The next year, May 2003, he donated approximately 2,000 negatives, slides, and photographs, as well as pamphlets, postcards, news clippings and other documents.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Buildings--Photographs.","Drive-in restaurants--Photographs.","Embassy buildings--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Monuments and memorials--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Nature--Photographs.","Service stations--Photographs.","Technology--Photographs.","Aerial photographs.","Negtaives.","Photographic prints.","Portraits.","Slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Buildings--Photographs.","Drive-in restaurants--Photographs.","Embassy buildings--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Monuments and memorials--Washington (D.C.)--Photographs.","Nature--Photographs.","Service stations--Photographs.","Technology--Photographs.","Aerial photographs.","Negtaives.","Photographic prints.","Portraits.","Slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 linear feet (24 document boxes, 35 3-ring photo boxes, and 12 oversize boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["26 linear feet (24 document boxes, 35 3-ring photo boxes, and 12 oversize boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 21 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Buildings: Interior and Exterior, 1947-1975\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Embassies, 1950s-1970s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Art, 1947-1975\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Publications, 1942-1994\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Texaco Stations, 1950-1972\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Hot Shoppes, 1948-1953\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Washington, D.C., Monuments, 1944-1991\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Aerial Photographs, 1934-1991\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Nature, 1917-1988\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Maps and Building Plans, 1941-1973\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: People, 1944-1976\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Food, 1950s-1960s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 13: Museum Exhibits, 1952-1970s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 14: Animals, 1946-1980s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 15: Technology, 1948-1974\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 16: George Mason College, 1959-1976\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 17: Vehicles, 1946-1995\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 18: Gunston Hall, 1960s-1993\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 19: International, 1958-1989\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 20: Correspondence, 1955-1990s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 21: Electronic Media, 1970s-1980s\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 21 series.","Series 1: Buildings: Interior and Exterior, 1947-1975\n Series 2: Embassies, 1950s-1970s\n Series 3: Art, 1947-1975\n Series 4: Publications, 1942-1994\n Series 5: Texaco Stations, 1950-1972\n Series 6: Hot Shoppes, 1948-1953\n Series 7: Washington, D.C., Monuments, 1944-1991\n Series 8: Aerial Photographs, 1934-1991\n Series 9: Nature, 1917-1988\n Series 10: Maps and Building Plans, 1941-1973\n Series 11: People, 1944-1976\n Series 12: Food, 1950s-1960s\n Series 13: Museum Exhibits, 1952-1970s\n Series 14: Animals, 1946-1980s\n Series 15: Technology, 1948-1974\n Series 16: George Mason College, 1959-1976\n Series 17: Vehicles, 1946-1995\n Series 18: Gunston Hall, 1960s-1993\n Series 19: International, 1958-1989\n Series 20: Correspondence, 1955-1990s\n Series 21: Electronic Media, 1970s-1980s\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Baptie, a photographer, printer, and publisher, was born in Munhall, PA on March 13, 1914. Early in life, Baptie became interested in photography and airplanes, interests that would eventually lead to him becoming a photographer and public relations agent for Capital Airlines. His camera recorded the life of the airline for many years. When Capital Airlines merged with United Airlines, Baptie left the company and formed his own business, Charles Baptie Studios, Inc.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile operating his own studio, Baptie provided photographs for more than fifty books and other publications, including: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCapital Airlines: A Nostalgic Flight Into the Past\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eGreat Houses of Washington\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCamera on Assignment\u003c/title\u003e (with Ollie Atkins), the sixteen volume \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEncyclopedia of United States History\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eGuest House of the Presidents\u003c/title\u003e, the story of the Blair Lee House, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMid the Hills of Pennsylvania\u003c/title\u003e. As a photojournalist, Baptie covered feature stories for leading magazines and other news publications. Over the course of his journalistic career, Baptie met and photographed many world leaders and public figures.  He passed away in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Baptie, a photographer, printer, and publisher, was born in Munhall, PA on March 13, 1914. Early in life, Baptie became interested in photography and airplanes, interests that would eventually lead to him becoming a photographer and public relations agent for Capital Airlines. His camera recorded the life of the airline for many years. When Capital Airlines merged with United Airlines, Baptie left the company and formed his own business, Charles Baptie Studios, Inc.\n","While operating his own studio, Baptie provided photographs for more than fifty books and other publications, including:  Capital Airlines: A Nostalgic Flight Into the Past ,  Great Houses of Washington ,  Camera on Assignment  (with Ollie Atkins), the sixteen volume  Encyclopedia of United States History ,  Guest House of the Presidents , the story of the Blair Lee House, and  Mid the Hills of Pennsylvania . As a photojournalist, Baptie covered feature stories for leading magazines and other news publications. Over the course of his journalistic career, Baptie met and photographed many world leaders and public figures.  He passed away in 2000."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Baptie Photograph Collection contains color prints and negatives of Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason; color transparencies from the Encyclopedia of United States History; color transparencies and prints from the Great Houses of Washington, D.C.; black \u0026amp; white negatives of the Washington metropolitan area; and photographs of George Mason College.  There are, in addition, aerial photographs, photographs of malaria prevention overseas, and publicity photographs for various publications. Also included in this collection are photographs pertaining to the childrens' book, Herkie the Pup, written by Charles Baptie. The total volume of the collection is 26 linear feet, consisting of 24 document boxes, 35 3-ring photo boxes, and 12 oversize boxes.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 is a group of images of buildings, both interior and exterior, including facades of famous houses and embassies around DC as well as images of the interior decorations; also included are images of churches, DC monuments, hotels, restaurants, schools, laboratories, service stations, theaters, hospitals, and personal homes.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 consists of images of the Belgian, Brazilian, French, Irish, Mexican, Peruvian, Spanish, and Turkish embassies; most of these items are also found in series 1. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains images of artwork, including of paintings, sculptures, dolls, trophies, and architecture; also images of artwork used for publications such as a baseball book, an Encyclopedia of American History, a History of the Civil War, and a Northern Virginia guidebook.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is for Publications for which Baptie either provided photos or printed at his studio including brochures and pamphlets, guide books, logos, small print books, magazines, and poetry collections.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 shows images of Texaco stations in the area, both on the ground and in the air throughout the Washington, D.C., area included are aerial views and on-the-ground images, as well as plans, blueprints, portraits, and vehicles.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHot Shoppes restaurant photos make up Series 6, Hot Shoppes were a chain of restaurant owned by the Marriott Company and the series includes images of food, their Airline service, their kitchens, and the dining rooms of the restaurants. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 includes photographs of D.C. monuments and landmarks including Capitol Hill, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Washington Monument, the White House, and Mount Vernon.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 contains images from several other series that happen to be aerial shots, as well as general aerial views from around the country; images of nearby locations include Alexandria, Annandale, Texaco service stations, construction sites, DC monuments, Gunston Hall, Sully Plantation, and the Potomac River.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 consists of nature scenes, such as trees, mountains, clouds, gardens, fireworks, sunsets, clouds, bodies of water, landscapes, and cemeteries.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10 contains maps and building plans, such as blueprints or architectural renderings, specific topics include St. Agnes School, Baltimore, Texaco, Hazelton labs, Woodbridge Toll Center, and Fairfax Hills.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople make up the subject of Series 11, where the people are doing something else or just taking a portrait.  Many photos have unidentified subjects, while others show notable Washingtonians and politicians, athletes, scientists, wedding guests, presidents, actors, the National Symphony, and military leaders.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12 consists of pictures of food from restaurants, Hot Shoppes, and holiday events.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 13 is made up of museum exhibits and artifacts including the Star Spangled Banner, dolls, and various Smithsonian objects and exhibits.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 14 documents various animals including monkeys, horses, birds, bees, cattle, dogs, hippopotamuses, snakes, butterflies and animals for scientific testing.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 15 shows different types of technology such as science labs, computers, a space shuttle, factories, and a camera.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason College is featured in Series 16 with images of athletic teams, staff members, buildings, campus, students, graduations, George Mason Day, and printed materials.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 17 includes pictures of vehicles, such as cars, baby carriage, planes, trains, ships, helicopters and bicycles.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 18 consists of images from Gunston Hall, the historical home of George Mason.  Images in the series include the Mason coat of arms, publications, postcard images, aerial views, and a car show hosted by Gunston Hall.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 19 is consists of images of international subjects taken during Baptie's many travels, including various settings in Central America, like Brazil, Honduras, and Ecuador; and other locations, such as Paris or India.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 20 is made up of documents consisting of correspondence between Charles Baptie and others about photograph orders and publications. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, Series 21 contains electronic media, specifically a number of 5 1/4 inch floppy discs used for a program called Wordstar.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Baptie Photograph Collection contains color prints and negatives of Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason; color transparencies from the Encyclopedia of United States History; color transparencies and prints from the Great Houses of Washington, D.C.; black \u0026 white negatives of the Washington metropolitan area; and photographs of George Mason College.  There are, in addition, aerial photographs, photographs of malaria prevention overseas, and publicity photographs for various publications. Also included in this collection are photographs pertaining to the childrens' book, Herkie the Pup, written by Charles Baptie. The total volume of the collection is 26 linear feet, consisting of 24 document boxes, 35 3-ring photo boxes, and 12 oversize boxes.  ","Series 1 is a group of images of buildings, both interior and exterior, including facades of famous houses and embassies around DC as well as images of the interior decorations; also included are images of churches, DC monuments, hotels, restaurants, schools, laboratories, service stations, theaters, hospitals, and personal homes.  \n","Series 2 consists of images of the Belgian, Brazilian, French, Irish, Mexican, Peruvian, Spanish, and Turkish embassies; most of these items are also found in series 1. \n","Series 3 contains images of artwork, including of paintings, sculptures, dolls, trophies, and architecture; also images of artwork used for publications such as a baseball book, an Encyclopedia of American History, a History of the Civil War, and a Northern Virginia guidebook.  \n","Series 4 is for Publications for which Baptie either provided photos or printed at his studio including brochures and pamphlets, guide books, logos, small print books, magazines, and poetry collections.  \n","Series 5 shows images of Texaco stations in the area, both on the ground and in the air throughout the Washington, D.C., area included are aerial views and on-the-ground images, as well as plans, blueprints, portraits, and vehicles.  \n","Hot Shoppes restaurant photos make up Series 6, Hot Shoppes were a chain of restaurant owned by the Marriott Company and the series includes images of food, their Airline service, their kitchens, and the dining rooms of the restaurants. \n","Series 7 includes photographs of D.C. monuments and landmarks including Capitol Hill, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Washington Monument, the White House, and Mount Vernon.  \n","Series 8 contains images from several other series that happen to be aerial shots, as well as general aerial views from around the country; images of nearby locations include Alexandria, Annandale, Texaco service stations, construction sites, DC monuments, Gunston Hall, Sully Plantation, and the Potomac River.  \n","Series 9 consists of nature scenes, such as trees, mountains, clouds, gardens, fireworks, sunsets, clouds, bodies of water, landscapes, and cemeteries.  \n","Series 10 contains maps and building plans, such as blueprints or architectural renderings, specific topics include St. Agnes School, Baltimore, Texaco, Hazelton labs, Woodbridge Toll Center, and Fairfax Hills.  \n","People make up the subject of Series 11, where the people are doing something else or just taking a portrait.  Many photos have unidentified subjects, while others show notable Washingtonians and politicians, athletes, scientists, wedding guests, presidents, actors, the National Symphony, and military leaders.  \n","Series 12 consists of pictures of food from restaurants, Hot Shoppes, and holiday events.  \n","Series 13 is made up of museum exhibits and artifacts including the Star Spangled Banner, dolls, and various Smithsonian objects and exhibits.  \n","Series 14 documents various animals including monkeys, horses, birds, bees, cattle, dogs, hippopotamuses, snakes, butterflies and animals for scientific testing.  \n","Series 15 shows different types of technology such as science labs, computers, a space shuttle, factories, and a camera.  ","George Mason College is featured in Series 16 with images of athletic teams, staff members, buildings, campus, students, graduations, George Mason Day, and printed materials.  \n","Series 17 includes pictures of vehicles, such as cars, baby carriage, planes, trains, ships, helicopters and bicycles.  \n","Series 18 consists of images from Gunston Hall, the historical home of George Mason.  Images in the series include the Mason coat of arms, publications, postcard images, aerial views, and a car show hosted by Gunston Hall.  \n","Series 19 is consists of images of international subjects taken during Baptie's many travels, including various settings in Central America, like Brazil, Honduras, and Ecuador; and other locations, such as Paris or India.  \n","Series 20 is made up of documents consisting of correspondence between Charles Baptie and others about photograph orders and publications. \n","Finally, Series 21 contains electronic media, specifically a number of 5 1/4 inch floppy discs used for a program called Wordstar.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMid-20th century photographs of Washington, D.C., area landmarks, including Gunston Hall, the White House, and embassies; local businesses, including Texaco stations and Hot Shoppes; and more common subjects, like artwork, animals, nature, or people.  These images are in several formats: negatives, slides, prints, and publications.  \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Mid-20th century photographs of Washington, D.C., area landmarks, including Gunston Hall, the White House, and embassies; local businesses, including Texaco stations and Hot Shoppes; and more common subjects, like artwork, animals, nature, or people.  These images are in several formats: negatives, slides, prints, and publications.  \n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University--Photographs.","Gunston Hall (Va.)--Photographs.","Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n","Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1890-1969--Photographs.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972--Photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University--Photographs.","Gunston Hall (Va.)--Photographs."],"persname_ssim":["Charles Baptie, 1914-2000\n","Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1890-1969--Photographs.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972--Photographs."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":775,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:46:57.587Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00017_c18_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21"],"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_8_resources_1826"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_8_resources_1826"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"text":["Rural Research Centers Papers","03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\""],"title_filing_ssi":"03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\"","title_ssm":["03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\""],"title_tesim":["03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\""],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["03-001 SRMHRC - RELATED MATERIALS: GLENN R. YANK, GALT SCHOLAR, \"RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA\""],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":21,"date_range_isim":[1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#20","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:30.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_8_resources_1826.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230297","title_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1992-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1992-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826"],"text":["2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826","Rural Research Centers Papers","Materials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order.","Founded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.","Dr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010. ","The Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.","The most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers.","The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet Five standard manuscript boxes."],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet Five standard manuscript boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.","Dr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.","The most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers."],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":63,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:30.376Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c21"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"#1","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette","#1","Box III.E. - 25"],"title_filing_ssi":"#1","title_ssm":["#1"],"title_tesim":["#1"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["#1"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3192,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to audiovisual items may be arranged in the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reading room depending on the format. Advance notice is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"containers_ssim":["Box III.E. - 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4/components#2/components#43","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. ","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Materials entirely in English."],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["Materials entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7179,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"100 Years of William and Mary Football","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eOne VHS videotape. The tape was shown at \"Fourth and Goal,\" the celebration for the football fundraising drive. Tape length is approximately 12 minutes, 20 seconds. Acc. 1990.044\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03_c573","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8675","viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8675","viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_8675_c05_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University Archives Audiovisual Collection","Series 5: Videotapes","VHS Videotapes"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University Archives Audiovisual Collection","Series 5: Videotapes","VHS Videotapes"],"text":["University Archives Audiovisual Collection","Series 5: Videotapes","VHS Videotapes","100 Years of William and Mary Football","Box Series 5, Box 87","One VHS videotape. The tape was shown at \"Fourth and Goal,\" the celebration for the football fundraising drive. Tape length is approximately 12 minutes, 20 seconds. Acc. 1990.044"],"title_filing_ssi":"100 Years of William and Mary Football","title_ssm":["100 Years of William and Mary Football"],"title_tesim":["100 Years of William and Mary Football"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 22, 1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["100 Years of William and Mary Football"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["University Archives Audiovisual Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2581,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional material is added to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional material is added to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by format. This collection is being arranged and described on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by format. 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Many items in the collection will require preservation reformatting before they can be used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The University Archives Audiovisual Collection is an artificial collection of various audio and visual formats documenting the College of William and Mary campus, events, people, etc. The collection contains analog, magnetic, and digital media and while not comprehensive, it does include material from a variety of time periods and types of events including commencements, Charter Day, building dedications, lecture series, Raft Debates, visiting scholars and distinguished guests, athletic events, and much more.  Researchers are encouraged to verify with staff the format of individual items and availability for immediate use. Many items in the collection will require preservation reformatting before they can be used."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA VHS video cassette tape was pulled from the Office of the President, Timothy J. Sullivan, Acc. 1998.024, and was added to this collection in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Twelve cubic feet of videocassette tapes and films of game footage from the William and Mary football team were pulled from Acc. 2011.535 of the Department of Athletics Records (UA 181), and were added to this collection on 8/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e One DVD was pulled from the Office of the President, Timothy J. Sullivan, Acc. 2006.007, and was added to this collection in February 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Audiovisual material from the Gentlemen of the College were pulled from their collection and have been added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection under Acc. 2007.030.001-2007.030.093 in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Three reel-to-reel audiotapes of theater productions of \"Fairy Stones,\" \"Greek Rhapsody,\" and a tape labelled \"Chapman 1\" were pulled from this collection and added to the Manuscripts Audiovisual Collection on 1/28/14.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A VHS video cassette tape was pulled from the Office of the President, Timothy J. 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Sullivan, Acc. 2006.007, and was added to this collection in February 2012."," Audiovisual material from the Gentlemen of the College were pulled from their collection and have been added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection under Acc. 2007.030.001-2007.030.093 in August 2013."," Three reel-to-reel audiotapes of theater productions of \"Fairy Stones,\" \"Greek Rhapsody,\" and a tape labelled \"Chapman 1\" were pulled from this collection and added to the Manuscripts Audiovisual Collection on 1/28/14."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Choir and Chorus","College of William and Mary. 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Press","D. Audiovisual"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","I. Press","D. Audiovisual"],"text":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","I. Press","D. Audiovisual","#10, #11, #12","English .","Box I.D. - 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"#10, #11, #12","title_ssm":["#10, #11, #12"],"title_tesim":["#10, #11, #12"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["#10, #11, #12"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1015,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box I.D. - 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#203","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:19:41.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/209076","title_ssm":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"title_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"text":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4","Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.","U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources","Rahall, Nick J., 1949-","Materials almost entirely in English."],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"creator_ssim":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"creators_ssim":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II, 2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2089 Linear Feet 2089 record cartons; plaques, mobile office sign, framed photographs"],"extent_tesim":["2089 Linear Feet 2089 record cartons; plaques, mobile office sign, framed photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eU.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f256808487385caf174dfc6b5232d43\"\u003eNick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1f011dedf3ebd96ac2358da217630965\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources","Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 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Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"text":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82","101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company","Oversize Box 82"],"title_filing_ssi":"101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company","title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company"],"title_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":350,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 82"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc One-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_79.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"Archon Finding Aid location","title_filing_ssi":"Guida, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network Inc.","title_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2008, undated","1960-1985","Date acquired: 07/21/2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2008, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/21/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79"],"text":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79","Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans","Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information.","The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.","Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich","Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.","This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.","The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.","ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)","English Italian"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. 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Guida","Acc. 2017.012 was received by Special Collections and University from the donor via movers on 7/21/2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.60 Linear Feet","74 Hollinger document cases, 7 record center cartons, 12 oversize boxes, and 32 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.60 Linear Feet","74 Hollinger document cases, 7 record center cartons, 12 oversize boxes, and 32 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026amp;B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Madeline Dietrich\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_117ebc98b796fc1ba94521c1db2cd862\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"language_ssim":["English Italian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1246,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"text":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82","101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company","Oversize Box 82"],"title_filing_ssi":"101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company","title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company"],"title_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":352,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 82"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Three-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_79.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"Archon Finding Aid location","title_filing_ssi":"Guida, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network Inc.","title_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2008, undated","1960-1985","Date acquired: 07/21/2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2008, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/21/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79"],"text":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79","Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans","Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information.","The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.","Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich","Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.","This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.","The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.","ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)","English Italian"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 128","/repositories/5/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. 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Guida","Acc. 2017.012 was received by Special Collections and University from the donor via movers on 7/21/2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sound recording executives and procedures","Composers","Playwrights","Authors--United States","Rock music--Virginia--Norfolk","Civic leaders--Virginia--Norfolk","Italian-Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.60 Linear Feet","74 Hollinger document cases, 7 record center cartons, 12 oversize boxes, and 32 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.60 Linear Feet","74 Hollinger document cases, 7 record center cartons, 12 oversize boxes, and 32 audiovisual boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026amp;B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Madeline Dietrich\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_117ebc98b796fc1ba94521c1db2cd862\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"language_ssim":["English Italian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1246,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c06"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82"],"text":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 82","101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company","Oversize Box 82"],"title_filing_ssi":"101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company","title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company"],"title_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":351,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 82"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["101 Number One Hit Records-Disc Two-Beautiful Music Company, 1990, Oversize Box 82, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_79.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"Archon Finding Aid location","title_filing_ssi":"Guida, Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network Inc.","title_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. 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Please consult a staff member for further information.","The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.","Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich","Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.","This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. 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Please consult a staff member for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026amp;B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Madeline Dietrich\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_117ebc98b796fc1ba94521c1db2cd862\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc.","Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Rockmasters International Network Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Guida, Frank (1922-2007)","Guida, Carmela T. (1924-2008)"],"language_ssim":["English Italian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1246,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:41:17.996Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c01_c05"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","B. Speeches and statements"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","B. Speeches and statements"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","B. Speeches and statements","101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate","1 of 3 folders","English .","Box III.B. - 2","Folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate","title_ssm":["101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate"],"title_tesim":["101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["101st Congress - 2nd Session speeches made outside the Senate"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 of 3 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":23,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Speeches and statements can be accessed in the reading room of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. Advance notice is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"date_range_isim":[1990],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box III.B. - 2","Folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#17","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. ","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Materials entirely in English."],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["Materials entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7179,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c18"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":201},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and 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