{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026page=2\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":12,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"C-SPAN Corporation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_139.xml","title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"text":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139","Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)","Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91.","The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.","Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".","The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.","R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"unitid_tesim":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"creators_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Francis J. McNamara in four deposits during the period 1995 to 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Catalog\" href=\"http://library.gmu.edu/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypes of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMain subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4be41bef83b492fd1ece72e24031bfec\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1a5db7978b0180701aa58c1b36c8b2e3\"\u003e\nR11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2344,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_139.xml","title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"text":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997","C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139","Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)","Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91.","The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.","Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".","The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.","R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, 1928/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"unitid_tesim":["C0024","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"creators_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Francis J. McNamara in four deposits during the period 1995 to 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Subversive activities -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Espionage, American -- History -- 20th century","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","Communism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["109.5 Linear Feet 216 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Anti-Communism and Subversive Activities, 1928-1975 (Boxes 1-154)\n      Series 2: National Security, 1976-1997 (Boxes 155-214)\n      Series 3: Realia, 1950s (Box 215)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis John McNamara was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. After earning degrees at St. John's University in 1938 and Niagara University in 1939 (both in English), he joined the U.S. Army during World War II. He served in Asia in the China-Burma theater of operations as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of Major. After the war, married his wife of fifty-five years, Katherine Foley, and joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) assisting in the Jehol and Hupeh provinces of China.","When he returned to the United States in 1948, he went to work as a researcher for American Business Consultants, Inc., in New York City, a security firm and publisher of the anticommunist newsletter Counterattack. In January of 1950 he became editor of Counterattack where he remained until May of 1954. He then moved to Washington, D.C., to head the National Security Program of the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW). In 1958 he left the VFW to serve as a research analyst and consultant to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). In 1961 he became director of research at HUAC, and in 1962, its staff director. In 1970 he went to work for the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB), where he served as executive secretary. In 1981 he became executive director of the Nathan Hale Foundation. He served as vice-chairman of the Security and Intelligence Foundation from 1987-90 and was a senior fellow at the Center for Intelligence Studies in Arlington, Virginia. McNamara died on February 27, 2007 at the age of 91."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Francis J. McNamara papers, C0024, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University. George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers were processed between 1995 and 2009 by Special Collections Research Center Staff. During this processing period, SCRC retained the donor's original filing scheme (alphabetical arrangement by subject/topic). A print finding aid (Francis J. McNamara collection: Finding Aid and Research Guide with Index) was initially published in 1997, which described the first 52 boxes. In 2007 the remaining portion of the collection was processed by Benjamin Ranta and Colva Weissenstein, and an EAD finding aid was prepared. Final processing was completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009. EAD revisions completed by David Arditi and Kelsey Willingham in 2008-2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Catalog\" href=\"http://library.gmu.edu/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds a small collection of books from McNamara's personal library (283 titles in total). These can be found in the University Libraries catalog  with a keyword search on \"Francis J. McNamara collection\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypes of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMain subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara Papers represent his lifelong career and study in the field of anticommunism and national security. Materials which comprise this collection track both his employment and interests during the period 1947-1997, including his work at American Business Consultants (1948-1954), the VFW (1954-1958), HUAC(1958-1969), SACB (1970-1973), and later consulting and editing work.","Types of materials include magazine and news clippings regarding subjects of interest to McNamara; final versions of U.S. government reports pertaining to investigations of individuals and/or organizations suspected of subversive activity; manuscript notes; correspondence both to and from McNamara; and pamphlets, journals and newsletters from both the left and right sides of the political spectrum covering the period 1928 through 1997.","Main subject areas include but are not limited to: domestic and foreign communism; the Cold War (i.e. the Soviet Bloc, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Latin America); espionage and intelligence; political and cultural figures; entertainment and news media; the antiwar movement; assassinations; and domestic groups (i.e. the Black Panthers, KKK, SNCC, and the Weather Underground).","The first series covers the first half of Francis McNamara's career, with collected material roughly covering the years 1928-1975. This series contains material from McNamara's career with the House Un-American Activities Committee in Congress and later with the Subversive Activities Control Board. The second series covers the second half of Francis McNamara's career, corresponding roughly with the dates 1976-1997. This series contains material from McNamara's career at the Hale Foundation and later work. The third series, consisting of one box, contains regalia and various artifacts such as stamps, notecards, and notebooks used by McNamara."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4be41bef83b492fd1ece72e24031bfec\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Francis J. McNamara papers contains materials collected by Francis J. McNamara dating from 1928 to 1997 pertaining to American politics and culture during this period. The main concentration in this collection deals with national security with respect to the influence of Communism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the counterculture. It is comprised of newspaper and magazine articles, letters, memoranda and other personal documents, U.S. government documents, pamphlets, and other printed materials."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1a5db7978b0180701aa58c1b36c8b2e3\"\u003e\nR11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R11, C3, S3-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nR12, C1, S2-S7 - C4, S2-S7\n\n\nOS R7, C2, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"persname_ssim":["McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Civil Liberties Union","Hale Foundation","United States. Central Intelligence Agency","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","United States. Subversive Activities Control Board","McNamara, Francis J., 1915-2007","McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957","Walter, Francis E. (Francis Eugene), 1894-1963"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2344,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_139"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records, 1955/1992","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights. The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992. Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies. It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_198","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_198.xml","title_filing_ssi":"George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights","title_ssm":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records, 1955/1992"],"text":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records, 1955/1992","R0007","/repositories/2/resources/198","United States -- Politics and government","Bills, Legislative -- United States","Video recordings","Photographs","Restricted.  Contains sensitive information.  Folders with speakers names will need to be screened before public is allowed to view the collection.","This collection is organized in three series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Subject, 1955-1992 (Boxes 1-18 and 20-33)\n      Series 2: Photographs, Visuals, and Slides, 1977-1989 (Box 19)\n      Series 3: Videotapes, 1982-1989 (Boxes 34-64)","The Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights examined the formation of the Bill of Rights and the ways that landmark document was influenced by George Mason of Gunston Hall.  Established in 1981 as the Project for the Study of Human Rights the center coordinated an annual lecture series, \"The Legacy of George Mason,\" and published these lectures through the George Mason University Press.  The lectures focused on the histories of states and countries that established bills of rights as well as the effects of the First Amendment.  The lectures were sponsored by Gunston Hall, the Fairfax Bar Association, the George Mason School of Law, the School of Continuing and Alternative Learning, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy, the Alexandria Bicentennial Center, the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and the departments of History, Public Affairs, American Studies, and Philosophy and Religious Studies.","Processing completed by Michelle Page in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Michelle Page in August 2013.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the George Mason University Archives.","This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.","Series 1, Subject files, contains readings and articles, book reviews, brochures, forms, documents on lecture series, meeting notes, grant proposal documents, correspondences, mailing lists, and audience surveys among other things.","Series 2, contains photographs, visuals, and slides, of the lecture series, the metro campus, George Mason Statue, and buildings around campus among other things.","Series 3, contains video recordings in VHS and U-matic formats from 1982-1989 of the Legacy of George Mason Lecture Series that were organized and hosted by the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records, 1955/1992"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights records, 1955/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["R0007","/repositories/2/resources/198"],"unitid_tesim":["R0007","/repositories/2/resources/198"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by George Mason University's Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bills, Legislative -- United States","Video recordings","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bills, Legislative -- United States","Video recordings","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["32 Linear Feet (64 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["32 Linear Feet (64 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Video recordings","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRestricted.  Contains sensitive information.  Folders with speakers names will need to be screened before public is allowed to view the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Restricted.  Contains sensitive information.  Folders with speakers names will need to be screened before public is allowed to view the collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized in three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Subject, 1955-1992 (Boxes 1-18 and 20-33)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, Visuals, and Slides, 1977-1989 (Box 19)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Videotapes, 1982-1989 (Boxes 34-64)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized in three series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Subject, 1955-1992 (Boxes 1-18 and 20-33)\n      Series 2: Photographs, Visuals, and Slides, 1977-1989 (Box 19)\n      Series 3: Videotapes, 1982-1989 (Boxes 34-64)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights examined the formation of the Bill of Rights and the ways that landmark document was influenced by George Mason of Gunston Hall.  Established in 1981 as the Project for the Study of Human Rights the center coordinated an annual lecture series, \"The Legacy of George Mason,\" and published these lectures through the George Mason University Press.  The lectures focused on the histories of states and countries that established bills of rights as well as the effects of the First Amendment.  The lectures were sponsored by Gunston Hall, the Fairfax Bar Association, the George Mason School of Law, the School of Continuing and Alternative Learning, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy, the Alexandria Bicentennial Center, the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and the departments of History, Public Affairs, American Studies, and Philosophy and Religious Studies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights examined the formation of the Bill of Rights and the ways that landmark document was influenced by George Mason of Gunston Hall.  Established in 1981 as the Project for the Study of Human Rights the center coordinated an annual lecture series, \"The Legacy of George Mason,\" and published these lectures through the George Mason University Press.  The lectures focused on the histories of states and countries that established bills of rights as well as the effects of the First Amendment.  The lectures were sponsored by Gunston Hall, the Fairfax Bar Association, the George Mason School of Law, the School of Continuing and Alternative Learning, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy, the Alexandria Bicentennial Center, the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and the departments of History, Public Affairs, American Studies, and Philosophy and Religious Studies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Records, Collection #R0007, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Records, Collection #R0007, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Michelle Page in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Michelle Page in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Michelle Page in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Michelle Page in August 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the George Mason University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the George Mason University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Subject files, contains readings and articles, book reviews, brochures, forms, documents on lecture series, meeting notes, grant proposal documents, correspondences, mailing lists, and audience surveys among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, contains photographs, visuals, and slides, of the lecture series, the metro campus, George Mason Statue, and buildings around campus among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, contains video recordings in VHS and U-matic formats from 1982-1989 of the Legacy of George Mason Lecture Series that were organized and hosted by the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.","Series 1, Subject files, contains readings and articles, book reviews, brochures, forms, documents on lecture series, meeting notes, grant proposal documents, correspondences, mailing lists, and audience surveys among other things.","Series 2, contains photographs, visuals, and slides, of the lecture series, the metro campus, George Mason Statue, and buildings around campus among other things.","Series 3, contains video recordings in VHS and U-matic formats from 1982-1989 of the Legacy of George Mason Lecture Series that were organized and hosted by the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f9ec180c75bcd5427c10a2d29975b4ec\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. 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Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f9ec180c75bcd5427c10a2d29975b4ec\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights.  The collection has documents from 1982 to 1992.  Material in this collection include address lists, audience survey forms, bibliography of human rights, organizational bill of rights, documents on advisory committees as well as a number of associations and institutional societies.  It also contains records pertaining to lecture series, correspondence, grants proposals, budgets, conferences, videotapes, and photographs among other things."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for the Study of Constitutional Rights"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34017bdda695e1338c1fa08544302106\"\u003eRoutine correspondence from the thirty-first governor of West Virginia, Gaston Caperton, about suggestions for government reorganization and changes in finance.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Routine correspondence from the thirty-first governor of West Virginia, Gaston Caperton, about suggestions for government reorganization and changes in finance."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8d413916e6bb081467031861d108ef65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Fisher papers, 1930/1992","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fisher, Joseph L.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. 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After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).","Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.","This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means","Fisher, Joseph L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph L. 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In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. 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Materials date from 1943 to 1992.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_719ded8763f4474b33e000a5ce8d4214\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. 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Fisher papers, 1930/1992","C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124","Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992","Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. 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In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).","Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.","This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. 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In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. 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Materials date from 1943 to 1992.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_719ded8763f4474b33e000a5ce8d4214\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. 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Born in 1913, Harway grew up as a second-generation American son of White Russian immigrants on Manhattan's Lower East Side. He graduated from the prestigious Townsend Harris Hall high school in 1930. Among his classmates were Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, actor Cornel Wilde, and author Herman Wouk.","After graduating from the City College of New York, Harway worked for the Works Progress Administration while presiding over a chapter of the American Federation of Teachers. In Washington in 1941, he became a chief economist for the federal Office of Price Administration, overseeing the rationing of sugar, coffee and other foodstuffs. He later spent 3 1/2 years in the U.S. Army Air Force, joined the State Department, and helped repair Europe's railroad and canal barge network under the Marshall Plan. In 1952 Harway received a master's degree in international relations from Georgetown University.","While applying for a faculty position at the University of Maryland in the 1950s, Harway encountered job discrimination as a Jew. He recalls the department head complementing his credentials but turning him down with the explanation, \"I'm so sorry, we already have one Hebrew on the faculty.\"","Harway then entered a private minerals import-export business while living in Casablanca. In 1963, President Lyndon Johnson called on him to be a consultant in his War on Poverty, at a salary of $1 a year. A second State Department tour took Harway to Vietnam and Cambodia from 1965 to 1978, after which he moved to Warrenton. In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.","Harway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics.","This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Maxwell Harway, an economist with the United States Department of State and Department of Labor and a historian and critic of current affairs. Materials include reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fauquier Historical Society (Va.)","United States. 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Born in 1913, Harway grew up as a second-generation American son of White Russian immigrants on Manhattan's Lower East Side. He graduated from the prestigious Townsend Harris Hall high school in 1930. Among his classmates were Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, actor Cornel Wilde, and author Herman Wouk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from the City College of New York, Harway worked for the Works Progress Administration while presiding over a chapter of the American Federation of Teachers. In Washington in 1941, he became a chief economist for the federal Office of Price Administration, overseeing the rationing of sugar, coffee and other foodstuffs. He later spent 3 1/2 years in the U.S. Army Air Force, joined the State Department, and helped repair Europe's railroad and canal barge network under the Marshall Plan. In 1952 Harway received a master's degree in international relations from Georgetown University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile applying for a faculty position at the University of Maryland in the 1950s, Harway encountered job discrimination as a Jew. He recalls the department head complementing his credentials but turning him down with the explanation, \"I'm so sorry, we already have one Hebrew on the faculty.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarway then entered a private minerals import-export business while living in Casablanca. In 1963, President Lyndon Johnson called on him to be a consultant in his War on Poverty, at a salary of $1 a year. A second State Department tour took Harway to Vietnam and Cambodia from 1965 to 1978, after which he moved to Warrenton. In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maxwell Harway has had a long and varied career, which includes years working for the U.S. State Department, as an economist with the Department of Labor, and ultimately, as an adjunct history professor at George Mason University. Born in 1913, Harway grew up as a second-generation American son of White Russian immigrants on Manhattan's Lower East Side. He graduated from the prestigious Townsend Harris Hall high school in 1930. Among his classmates were Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, actor Cornel Wilde, and author Herman Wouk.","After graduating from the City College of New York, Harway worked for the Works Progress Administration while presiding over a chapter of the American Federation of Teachers. In Washington in 1941, he became a chief economist for the federal Office of Price Administration, overseeing the rationing of sugar, coffee and other foodstuffs. He later spent 3 1/2 years in the U.S. Army Air Force, joined the State Department, and helped repair Europe's railroad and canal barge network under the Marshall Plan. In 1952 Harway received a master's degree in international relations from Georgetown University.","While applying for a faculty position at the University of Maryland in the 1950s, Harway encountered job discrimination as a Jew. He recalls the department head complementing his credentials but turning him down with the explanation, \"I'm so sorry, we already have one Hebrew on the faculty.\"","Harway then entered a private minerals import-export business while living in Casablanca. In 1963, President Lyndon Johnson called on him to be a consultant in his War on Poverty, at a salary of $1 a year. A second State Department tour took Harway to Vietnam and Cambodia from 1965 to 1978, after which he moved to Warrenton. In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.","Harway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMax Harway papers, C0120, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Max Harway papers, C0120, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Maxwell Harway, an economist with the United States Department of State and Department of Labor and a historian and critic of current affairs. 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In 1952 Harway received a master's degree in international relations from Georgetown University.","While applying for a faculty position at the University of Maryland in the 1950s, Harway encountered job discrimination as a Jew. He recalls the department head complementing his credentials but turning him down with the explanation, \"I'm so sorry, we already have one Hebrew on the faculty.\"","Harway then entered a private minerals import-export business while living in Casablanca. In 1963, President Lyndon Johnson called on him to be a consultant in his War on Poverty, at a salary of $1 a year. A second State Department tour took Harway to Vietnam and Cambodia from 1965 to 1978, after which he moved to Warrenton. In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.","Harway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics.","This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Maxwell Harway, an economist with the United States Department of State and Department of Labor and a historian and critic of current affairs. Materials include reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fauquier Historical Society (Va.)","United States. 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In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maxwell Harway has had a long and varied career, which includes years working for the U.S. State Department, as an economist with the Department of Labor, and ultimately, as an adjunct history professor at George Mason University. Born in 1913, Harway grew up as a second-generation American son of White Russian immigrants on Manhattan's Lower East Side. He graduated from the prestigious Townsend Harris Hall high school in 1930. Among his classmates were Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, actor Cornel Wilde, and author Herman Wouk.","After graduating from the City College of New York, Harway worked for the Works Progress Administration while presiding over a chapter of the American Federation of Teachers. In Washington in 1941, he became a chief economist for the federal Office of Price Administration, overseeing the rationing of sugar, coffee and other foodstuffs. He later spent 3 1/2 years in the U.S. Army Air Force, joined the State Department, and helped repair Europe's railroad and canal barge network under the Marshall Plan. In 1952 Harway received a master's degree in international relations from Georgetown University.","While applying for a faculty position at the University of Maryland in the 1950s, Harway encountered job discrimination as a Jew. He recalls the department head complementing his credentials but turning him down with the explanation, \"I'm so sorry, we already have one Hebrew on the faculty.\"","Harway then entered a private minerals import-export business while living in Casablanca. In 1963, President Lyndon Johnson called on him to be a consultant in his War on Poverty, at a salary of $1 a year. A second State Department tour took Harway to Vietnam and Cambodia from 1965 to 1978, after which he moved to Warrenton. In recognition of Harway's accomplishments, especially his part in rebuilding Europe's transportation network after World War II, Clark University awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1996.","Harway later became president of the Fauquier Historical Society and turned to the county's history by writing articles, taking active roles in the Society, obtaining contributions so that Warrenton's Old Jail Museum could be open six days a week, and spearheading the celebration in August 2000 of the 175th anniversary of the Marquis de Lafayette's visit to Fauquier. In 2005, he began teaching modern U.S. and European history at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMax Harway papers, C0120, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Max Harway papers, C0120, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Updated and revised by Amy Blake in September 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of personal papers on both national and Northern Virginia politics."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Max Harway, including reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles. Items from earlier in his career include United States Department of State papers and reports from Harway's work as an economist with the Office of Price Administration's Division of Food Rationing during and after World War II. Items from later in his career include papers of the Fauquier Historical Society, of which Harway served as president, campaign ads to elect Harway to Warrenton Town Council, op-eds to various newspapers, and articles by Harway on the Middle East and China."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Maxwell Harway, an economist with the United States Department of State and Department of Labor and a historian and critic of current affairs. Materials include reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials pertaining to the long and varied career of Maxwell Harway, an economist with the United States Department of State and Department of Labor and a historian and critic of current affairs. Materials include reports and memoranda, newsclippings, business cards, and magazine articles."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fauquier Historical Society (Va.)","United States. Department of State"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fauquier Historical Society (Va.)","United States. Department of State"],"persname_ssim":["Harway, Maxwell"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fauquier Historical Society (Va.)","United States. Department of State","Harway, Maxwell"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_585"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_924.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195369","title_ssm":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material"],"title_tesim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"text":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006","A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Addendum of 2024 August 12, gift of Plein, L. Christopher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 6 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 large flat storage box, 3 in. each"],"extent_tesim":["3.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 6 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 large flat storage box, 3 in. each"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Political Campaigns and Elections Material, A\u0026amp;M 2818, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Political Campaigns and Elections Material, A\u0026M 2818, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c30b61553209e59420017acc4861a208\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:50.562Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_924.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195369","title_ssm":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material"],"title_tesim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"text":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006","A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Political Campaigns and Elections Material, 1860/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2818","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/924"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Addendum of 2024 August 12, gift of Plein, L. Christopher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Elections","Gubernatorial election campaigns - 1968.","Sweeney, Tom - Senate campaign.","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 6 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 large flat storage box, 3 in. each"],"extent_tesim":["3.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in.; 6 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 large flat storage box, 3 in. each"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Political Campaigns and Elections Material, A\u0026amp;M 2818, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Political Campaigns and Elections Material, A\u0026M 2818, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c30b61553209e59420017acc4861a208\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. (Harvey Walker), 1865-1961","Harris, Fred R., 1930-","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Hechler, Ken","Hedrick, E. H.","Hill, Claude R.","Hiner, Ben H.","Hogg, Gory.","Holt, John A.","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Ludwig, William","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Brown, Bonn.","Burnside, Maurice Gwinn, 1902-1991","Byrd, Robert C.","Caperton, Gaston","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clark, Ed.","Clark, Ramsey, 1927-","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Copenhaver, John T.","Cox, Stan.","Curtis, Charles.","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Dawson, Daniel Boone.","Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971","Dix, David.","Doughlas, Stephen A.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Elkins, Davis, 1876-1959","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Ferguson, Milton J. (Milton James), 1879-1954","Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Funkhouser, Raymond J.","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881","Glasscock, Wm. E. (William Ellsworth), 1862-1925","Goff, Guy Despard, 1867-1933","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872","Hamilton, Pat.","Harmer, Harvey W. 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(Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:50.562Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_924"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Spencer, Lynn","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_663.xml","title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection"],"title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"text":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663","United States -- Politics and government","Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.","Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.","Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.","Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections.","- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","R 72, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Lynn Spencer in November 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"genreform_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Political Items Collectors collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0023\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0031\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Harvard University\" href=\"https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/library-knowledge-services/collections/political-buttons%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Stony Brook University\" href=\"https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/libspecial/collections/manuscripts/politicalbuttons.php%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Vanderbilt University\" href=\"https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1549%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of South Carolina\" href=\"https://digital.library.sc.edu/collections/political-campaign-button-collection/%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Yale University\" href=\"https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/11519\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e all hold political buttons collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)\n\u003c/p\u003e\nOther buttons include \"Pat for First Lady,\" GOP and Republican Party-themed buttons, and buttons promoting Democratic Missouri Senator Jim Symington. A few of the buttons are in foreign languages, included Hebrew and Greek. The included scarf was created for Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f4d8613092f293b5c02c9ce2ac46c355\"\u003e114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35d52388820fce87ade85b0b4df71aab\"\u003eR 72, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_coll_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_663.xml","title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection"],"title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"text":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663","United States -- Politics and government","Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.","Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.","Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.","Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections.","- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","R 72, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"unitid_tesim":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Lynn Spencer in November 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"genreform_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Political Items Collectors collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0023\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0031\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Harvard University\" href=\"https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/library-knowledge-services/collections/political-buttons%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Stony Brook University\" href=\"https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/libspecial/collections/manuscripts/politicalbuttons.php%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Vanderbilt University\" href=\"https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1549%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of South Carolina\" href=\"https://digital.library.sc.edu/collections/political-campaign-button-collection/%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Yale University\" href=\"https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/11519\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e all hold political buttons collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)\n\u003c/p\u003e\nOther buttons include \"Pat for First Lady,\" GOP and Republican Party-themed buttons, and buttons promoting Democratic Missouri Senator Jim Symington. A few of the buttons are in foreign languages, included Hebrew and Greek. The included scarf was created for Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f4d8613092f293b5c02c9ce2ac46c355\"\u003e114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35d52388820fce87ade85b0b4df71aab\"\u003eR 72, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_coll_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_328.xml","title_ssm":["Roger Wilkins papers"],"title_tesim":["Roger Wilkins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008"],"text":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008","C0212","/repositories/2/resources/328","United States -- Politics and government","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Education, Higher -- Virginia","Correspondence","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by into six series:\nseries 1 - Publications, 1965-2008, (Boxes 1-5)\nseries 2 - General Correspondence, [undated] 1987-2006, (Box 5)\nseries 3 - Affilitations, 1995-2000, (Box 6)\nseries 4 - Biographical papers, [undated] 1923, 1963-2007, (Box 6)\nseries 5 - George Mason University, 1990-2006, (Boxes 7 and 8)\nseries 6 - Audio/Visual, [undated] 1995-2004, (Boxes 8 and 9)","Organized into 6 series","Series\n      Series 1: Publications, 1965-2008, (Boxes 1-5)\n      Series 2: General Correspondence, 1987-2006) (Box 5)\n      Series 3: Affiliations, 1995-2000, (Box 6)\n      Series 4: Biographical papers, 1928, 1963-2007 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: George Mason University, 1990-2006, (Boxes 7-8)\n      Series 6: Audio/Visual, 1994-2004, (Boxes 8-9; oversize 1)","Born in 1932 in Kansas City, Missouri, Roger Wilkins attended the University of Michigan and earned his Bachelor's degree in 1953 and his J.D. in 1956. He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year.","Processed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2021.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other Robinson professors.","The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","Series 1 contains the publications of Roger Wilkins and the various conferences, lecture series, and symposiums he attended and contributed to.  The series includes articles he wrote organized by general subject, two of the books he published with various book reviews of the works, and the various flyers and papers of the conferences.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 2 contains Wilkins' general correspondence during his time as a Robinson professor.  This series is organized chronologically by folder.","Series 3 contains the papers on the various organizations in which Wilkins was involved such as the African American Institute, the MacArthur Foundation, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 4 is made up of biographical material on Roger Wilkins.  It includes articles he wrote describing himself as a father as well as other documents discussing his mother's and uncle's work for civil rights.  There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. Lindsay given by Roger Wilkins as well as a letter from Lindsay's widow.  This series is organized by medium and then chronologically.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","Map Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0212","/repositories/2/resources/328"],"unitid_tesim":["C0212","/repositories/2/resources/328"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"creators_ssim":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017","George Mason University. Libraries. 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He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1932 in Kansas City, Missouri, Roger Wilkins attended the University of Michigan and earned his Bachelor's degree in 1953 and his J.D. in 1956. He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRoger Wilkins papers, C0212, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Roger Wilkins papers, C0212, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. 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There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. Lindsay given by Roger Wilkins as well as a letter from Lindsay's widow.  This series is organized by medium and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","Series 1 contains the publications of Roger Wilkins and the various conferences, lecture series, and symposiums he attended and contributed to.  The series includes articles he wrote organized by general subject, two of the books he published with various book reviews of the works, and the various flyers and papers of the conferences.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 2 contains Wilkins' general correspondence during his time as a Robinson professor.  This series is organized chronologically by folder.","Series 3 contains the papers on the various organizations in which Wilkins was involved such as the African American Institute, the MacArthur Foundation, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 4 is made up of biographical material on Roger Wilkins.  It includes articles he wrote describing himself as a father as well as other documents discussing his mother's and uncle's work for civil rights.  There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. Lindsay given by Roger Wilkins as well as a letter from Lindsay's widow.  This series is organized by medium and then chronologically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e95d32f9f1e4e0c233934736c9ce8301\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1ca6a9e64e9d671ec90cafaf9795222f\"\u003eMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":67,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:37.194Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_328.xml","title_ssm":["Roger Wilkins papers"],"title_tesim":["Roger Wilkins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008"],"text":["Roger Wilkins papers, 1928/2008","C0212","/repositories/2/resources/328","United States -- Politics and government","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Education, Higher -- Virginia","Correspondence","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by into six series:\nseries 1 - Publications, 1965-2008, (Boxes 1-5)\nseries 2 - General Correspondence, [undated] 1987-2006, (Box 5)\nseries 3 - Affilitations, 1995-2000, (Box 6)\nseries 4 - Biographical papers, [undated] 1923, 1963-2007, (Box 6)\nseries 5 - George Mason University, 1990-2006, (Boxes 7 and 8)\nseries 6 - Audio/Visual, [undated] 1995-2004, (Boxes 8 and 9)","Organized into 6 series","Series\n      Series 1: Publications, 1965-2008, (Boxes 1-5)\n      Series 2: General Correspondence, 1987-2006) (Box 5)\n      Series 3: Affiliations, 1995-2000, (Box 6)\n      Series 4: Biographical papers, 1928, 1963-2007 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: George Mason University, 1990-2006, (Boxes 7-8)\n      Series 6: Audio/Visual, 1994-2004, (Boxes 8-9; oversize 1)","Born in 1932 in Kansas City, Missouri, Roger Wilkins attended the University of Michigan and earned his Bachelor's degree in 1953 and his J.D. in 1956. He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year.","Processed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2021.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other Robinson professors.","The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","Series 1 contains the publications of Roger Wilkins and the various conferences, lecture series, and symposiums he attended and contributed to.  The series includes articles he wrote organized by general subject, two of the books he published with various book reviews of the works, and the various flyers and papers of the conferences.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 2 contains Wilkins' general correspondence during his time as a Robinson professor.  This series is organized chronologically by folder.","Series 3 contains the papers on the various organizations in which Wilkins was involved such as the African American Institute, the MacArthur Foundation, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 4 is made up of biographical material on Roger Wilkins.  It includes articles he wrote describing himself as a father as well as other documents discussing his mother's and uncle's work for civil rights.  There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. 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He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1932 in Kansas City, Missouri, Roger Wilkins attended the University of Michigan and earned his Bachelor's degree in 1953 and his J.D. in 1956. He interned with Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund during his studies and his uncle, Roy Wilkins, served as the executive secretary of the NAACP from 1955 to 1977. In his early career, Roger Wilkins worked with the Ohio Welfare Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as the assistant attorney general under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following this, Wilkins pursued a successful career in journalism writing for The New York Times, The Washington Times, and editing The Washington Star. In 1972, as a member of The Washington Post's editorial staff, Wilkins along with Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Herbert Block earned the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the Watergate Scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation. A widely published author, Wilkins wrote \"A Man's Life,\" his autobiography, published first in 1982 and reprinted in 1991. In addition, Wilkins co-authored \"Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States\" with Fred Harris in 1988 and published \"Jefferson's Pillow: the Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism\" in 2001. In 1986 he joined George Mason University as the Clarence Robinson Professor of History and American Culture and retired in 2007. Wilkins passed away in 2017. George Mason University named the Roger Wilkins Plaza after him that same year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRoger Wilkins papers, C0212, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Roger Wilkins papers, C0212, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. EAD markup completed by Stephanie Washburn in 2012. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other Robinson professors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other Robinson professors."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.      \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the publications of Roger Wilkins and the various conferences, lecture series, and symposiums he attended and contributed to.  The series includes articles he wrote organized by general subject, two of the books he published with various book reviews of the works, and the various flyers and papers of the conferences.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains Wilkins' general correspondence during his time as a Robinson professor.  This series is organized chronologically by folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains the papers on the various organizations in which Wilkins was involved such as the African American Institute, the MacArthur Foundation, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is made up of biographical material on Roger Wilkins.  It includes articles he wrote describing himself as a father as well as other documents discussing his mother's and uncle's work for civil rights.  There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. Lindsay given by Roger Wilkins as well as a letter from Lindsay's widow.  This series is organized by medium and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.","Series 1 contains the publications of Roger Wilkins and the various conferences, lecture series, and symposiums he attended and contributed to.  The series includes articles he wrote organized by general subject, two of the books he published with various book reviews of the works, and the various flyers and papers of the conferences.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 2 contains Wilkins' general correspondence during his time as a Robinson professor.  This series is organized chronologically by folder.","Series 3 contains the papers on the various organizations in which Wilkins was involved such as the African American Institute, the MacArthur Foundation, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 4 is made up of biographical material on Roger Wilkins.  It includes articles he wrote describing himself as a father as well as other documents discussing his mother's and uncle's work for civil rights.  There are also several transcribed interviews, one of which was conducted by one of his daughters. The series is arranged alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 5 contains various syllabi and notes from the classes Wilkins taught while at George Mason from 1990 through 2006.  In addition there is information about the provost search in the spring of 1990.  The series is organized alphabetically by folder and then chronologically.","Series 6 contains photographs, two cassette tapes of speeches, and 14 VHS tapes of lectures by Wilkins and other professors from 1995 through 2004.  The series includes a funeral speech for George N. Lindsay given by Roger Wilkins as well as a letter from Lindsay's widow.  This series is organized by medium and then chronologically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e95d32f9f1e4e0c233934736c9ce8301\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The papers document Wilkins' career while he was a professor at George Mason University. The documents include correspondence, publications, and speeches. There are also 14 videotape cassettes with lectures by other Robinson professors and media appearances by Wilkins."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1ca6a9e64e9d671ec90cafaf9795222f\"\u003eMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Wilkins, Roger W., 1932-2017"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":67,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:37.194Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_328"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:09:24.326Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:09:24.326Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","value":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=C-SPAN+records%2C+1809%2F2012%2C+bulk+1978%2F2012\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Francis J. 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