{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=224","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=223","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=225","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=225"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":224,"next_page":225,"prev_page":223,"total_pages":225,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":2230,"total_count":2250,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writers at Work","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence","Writers at Work","box 4","folder 37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writers at Work","title_ssm":["Writers at Work"],"title_tesim":["Writers at Work"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987, 1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers at Work"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":180,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 37"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#178","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:54.451Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_224.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Levis, Larry, Papers","title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers"],"title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"text":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224","Larry Levis papers","Poets, American -- 20th century","Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.","In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.","The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.","Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems,  Wrecking\nCrew , which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n Crazyhorse , and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems,  The Afterlife , was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems,  The Dollmaker's Ghost , which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems,  Winter Stars , in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the  Western Humanities Review  from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves .","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published  Black Freckles , a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding  American Poetry Review ,  The New Yorker ,  Field ,  Southern Review , and  Antioch Review ,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including  The Rain's Witness  in 1975,  The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside \nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and  Sensationalism  in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside,  The Two\nTrees , in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.","Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work:  Elegy  (1997),  The Selected Levis  (2000),  The Gazer Within \n(2001), and  The Darkening Trapeze  (2016), as well as  Condition of the Spirit  (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to  The\nDarkening Trapeze . He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.","Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.","When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. ","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. ","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. ","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works  The Dollmaker's Ghost ,  Winter Stars ,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves ,  Black Freckles ,  Elegy , and  The Gazer Within . ","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. ","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work  Elegy  as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. ","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the collection was purchased from Nicholas Levis in 2009. Additional materials were gifted by Sheila Brady in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"extent_tesim":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLarry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWrecking\nCrew\u003c/title\u003e, which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCrazyhorse\u003c/title\u003e, and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Afterlife\u003c/title\u003e, was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWestern Humanities Review\u003c/title\u003e from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Poetry Review\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eField\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Review\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAntioch Review\u003c/title\u003e,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rain's Witness\u003c/title\u003e in 1975, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside\u003c/title\u003e\nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSensationalism\u003c/title\u003e in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Two\nTrees\u003c/title\u003e, in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems,  Wrecking\nCrew , which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n Crazyhorse , and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems,  The Afterlife , was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems,  The Dollmaker's Ghost , which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems,  Winter Stars , in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the  Western Humanities Review  from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves .","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published  Black Freckles , a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding  American Poetry Review ,  The New Yorker ,  Field ,  Southern Review , and  Antioch Review ,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including  The Rain's Witness  in 1975,  The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside \nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and  Sensationalism  in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside,  The Two\nTrees , in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExtant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e (1997), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Selected Levis\u003c/title\u003e (2000), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e\n(2001), and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Darkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e (2016), as well as \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCondition of the Spirit\u003c/title\u003e (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDetails of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe\nDarkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e. He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work:  Elegy  (1997),  The Selected Levis  (2000),  The Gazer Within \n(2001), and  The Darkening Trapeze  (2016), as well as  Condition of the Spirit  (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to  The\nDarkening Trapeze . He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. ","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDrafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. ","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. ","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works  The Dollmaker's Ghost ,  Winter Stars ,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves ,  Black Freckles ,  Elegy , and  The Gazer Within . ","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. ","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work  Elegy  as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. ","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"persname_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":558,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:54.451Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writings by Lee","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_595"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"text":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","Writings by Lee","box 10","folder 1-8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writings by Lee","title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"title_tesim":["Writings by Lee"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writings by Lee"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 10","folder 1-8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_595.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lee, Heslip M. \"Happy\", papers","title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-2003","1949-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1949-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"text":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595","Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers","The collection is open for research.","Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.","Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.","The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 322","/repositories/5/resources/595"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"collection_ssim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.86 Linear Feet 9, 5\" document cases\n1 2.5\" document case\n6, 17\" print boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by folder title and chronologically therein. Correspondence and many of the folders of collected writing were originally bound and arranged by Lee. These have been unbound but retain the arrangement created by Lee. Oversized materials are arranged intellectually in alphabetical order, but are housed separately in oversized boxes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cP\u003eIn 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.\u003c/P\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Heslip Malbert \"Happy\" Lee, minister, educator, social, and political activist, spent much of his life working to improve race relations in the United States. His life's work is representative of many other like-minded individuals of his generation who were active in the cause for civil rights and equality in the last half of the 20th century. A native of Georgia, Lee's work during the height of the struggle for civil rights brought him to Virginia in the early 1960s, where he served as executive director of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. In the late 1960s and 1970s, he served as a consultant to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.","Lee was born in rural Polk County, Georgia, on February 21, 1922, to Mary Camp Lee (1918-1983) and Malbert Warren Lee (1898-1976). He had two younger siblings, a sister, Virginia (born 1924), and a brother, Charles, who died at age 2. The Lee family were poor tenant farmers, raising cotton and corn, living without electricity and running water. Lee attended elementary and high school in Polk County. The origin of the name \"Happy\" began when Lee's sister could not pronounce his first name. She eventually started calling him something that sounded like \"Happy.\" Lee was at Junior College when the name \"Happy\" began to be used by more than his family. One of his professors considered his name Heslip too hard to remember and asked him if he had a nickname. Lee recounted his sister calling him \"Happy.\" The professor preferred the nickname, and it stuck. ","In 1941, Lee married Laura McClung (1924-2011) of Haralson County. They later had five children: Dwain, Glen, Joan, Stephen, and Laurie. Lee operated a dairy farm and grocery business in Polk County. Ordained to \"preach the Gospel\" in October 1949, Lee became the pastor of Antioch Baptist Church in July 1950. During his career, he served as pastor of nearly a dozen Baptist churches in Georgia and other states. At 29, Lee uprooted his young family and sold everything they owned to pursue higher education and see the wider world outside Polk County. Lee eventually received a B.A. Degree in Philosophy in June, 1954 from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and a Master of Divinity Degree in 1957 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He became pastor of York Baptist Church, in York, New York, while working in a number of local community organizations. From 1957-1959, he returned to Georgia and served as Director of Religious Activities at Mercer University in Macon. Lee then served as pastor of First Baptist Church in Springfield, Virginia from 1959-1961. While in Virginia he became a member of the Board of Directors of the Virginia Council of Human Relations (VCHR), a biracial statewide organization that worked to foster communication and improve relations between Black and white people. Lee and his family moved to Richmond when he accepted the post as Executive Director of VCHR. He also served as a member of the Virginia State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1961-1964. Lee was extremely active as VCHR's Executive Director. He worked to increase the number of local VCHR groups and overall membership; he spoke to numerous groups in both small and large settings, as well as helped in the desegregation of dozens of public facilities in Virginia, and monitored actions in Prince Edward County, Virginia, where county officials had closed the pubic schools in an effort to block school desegregation.","In late 1964 Lee left Virginia and became the Executive Director of Salisbury-Rowan Community Service Council, Inc., in Salisbury, North Carolina and served as Chairman, North Carolina State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. In 1966 he began serving as Vice President for Development at Shaw University in Raleigh and continued to be active in the fight for civil rights in the state. Beginning in 1968, he would serve for nearly ten years under a variety of titles acting as a consultant to several educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities. Lee retired in 1978 in Cedartown, Georgia. In retirement he remained busy, operating a family jewelry store, Happy Lee Family Jewelers, and raising cattle. In the 1980s, he participated in the American Baptist Interim Minister Pprogram of the American Baptist Churches serving as \"Minister at Large\" in churches from New York to Utah. In the 1990s he chaired the 7th District (7 Counties) Democratic Party in Georgia and is credited with revitalizing the Polk County Democratic Party.","In 2004, the Gandhi Foundation of USA, which promotes the philosophies of both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., chose Rev. Lee to be the first non-Indian recipient of the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his work in human relations. Rev. Lee received the Gandhi Lifetime Achievement Award on October 9, 2004 at a ceremony held at the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic District.His life was chronicled in 2005, in Happy Warrior: The Legend of Happy Lee by H.V. Shivadas. Lee died in 2011 and was survived by his wife, four of his children, and many grandchildren and great- grandchildren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee Papers, 1915-2003. Manuscript M 322, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heslip M. \"Happy\" Lee, consists primarily of correspondence, committee work, writings, and publications and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the material is from 1950-2003.  The correspondence section of the collection is rich with details on Lee's activities as executive deirector of the Virginia Council on Human Relations in the early 1960s and as a consultant in the late 1960s and 1970s to various educational, urban, and community programs in North Carolina, Georgia, and other localities.\n","The folders of correspondence may also contain reports and ephemera as Lee originally bound these materials together, and the arrangement he created has been maintained. Some copies of outgoing correspondence are contained with the outgoing correspondence as well. Subjects in the correspondence range from Civil Rights era issues including African American education in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Virginia Council on Human Relations, the War on Poverty, and Prince Edward County, to religion, ministry, and Baptists. Notable correspondents and subjects include Wyatt Tee Walker, J. Rupert Picott, Rufus Harris, Virginia Lt. Governor Henry Howell, Georgia Senator Max Cleland, Willie Carter, and L. Francis Griffen. \n","Writings collected by and composed by Lee contain sermons, papers, and notes on various topics, many related to civil rights. Most materials are written by Lee himself. \n","\nPhotographs in the collection are a mix of personal photographs of Lee and his family, and professional activities. Notable people in the photographs with Lee include Corretta Scott King, Bill Clinton, Max Cleland, and Jimmy Carter. There are also photographs of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, the Happy Lee Family Jewelers store, and the NAACP convention in New York City.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011","Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Heslip M. (Heslip Malbert), 1922-2011"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":95,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_595_c91"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127_c654","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WTKR Editorials","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_127_c654#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127_c654","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_127_c654"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127_c654","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_127"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_127"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Municipal League records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Municipal League records"],"text":["Virginia Municipal League records","WTKR Editorials","box 64"],"title_filing_ssi":"WTKR Editorials","title_ssm":["WTKR Editorials"],"title_tesim":["WTKR Editorials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WTKR Editorials"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Municipal League records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":654,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Any financial or personnel materials still in the collection are not available for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Restricted"],"date_range_isim":[1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["box 64"],"_nest_path_":"/components#653","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_127","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_127.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00095.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Municipal League records","title_ssm":["Virginia Municipal League records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Municipal League records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 276"],"text":["M 276","Virginia Municipal League records","Cities and towns -- History -- 20th century. -- Virginia","Municipal government -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia","Any financial or personnel materials still in the collection are not available for research.","Collection is arranged by subject and chronological therein.","Was League of Virginia Municipalities.","This collection contains papers held by the VML. These papers deal with the issues that are of concern to any municipality. A few examples are public safety, waste water regulations, annexation issues, drug dependency and programs, etc. The main bulk seems to be information dealing with Virginia municipalities complying to federal and state regulations. The collection includes reports, bulletins, publications and legal documents. In addition, the library also receives the VML publication, Town and County; for more up-to-date information.","Restricted","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Municipal League","League of Virginia Municipalities","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives","English \n.    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These papers deal with the issues that are of concern to any municipality. A few examples are public safety, waste water regulations, annexation issues, drug dependency and programs, etc. The main bulk seems to be information dealing with Virginia municipalities complying to federal and state regulations. The collection includes reports, bulletins, publications and legal documents. In addition, the library also receives the VML publication, Town and County; for more up-to-date information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers held by the VML. These papers deal with the issues that are of concern to any municipality. A few examples are public safety, waste water regulations, annexation issues, drug dependency and programs, etc. The main bulk seems to be information dealing with Virginia municipalities complying to federal and state regulations. The collection includes reports, bulletins, publications and legal documents. In addition, the library also receives the VML publication, Town and County; for more up-to-date information."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Terms Governing Use and Reproduction"],"userestrict_tesim":["Restricted"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Municipal League","League of Virginia Municipalities","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Municipal League","League of Virginia Municipalities","Virginia Municipal League -- Archives","League of Virginia Municipalities -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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The first deposit of materials from the LWV of the Richmond Area (7/12/83) included minutes, newsletters, correspondence and other materials, dates from 1920 until 1973. A second deposit (4/1/94) of similar materials dates from the late 1970s until 1992. The collection also includes four additional deposits of material: one from Geraldine Fineberg Archivist for the League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metro Area (95-Jun-24); a second from Muriel H. Smith (95-Jul-32), member of LWV of the Richmond Metro Area; a third deposit from Donna Reynolds (96-Oct-28); and a fourth deposit from an undetermined donor (97-Jun-12).","The Virginia League of Women Voters (LWV) was organized on November 9, 1920 in the State Capitol building in Richmond. This date was chosen to coincide with the anniversary of the organization of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia in 1909. The meeting was attended by women from all parts of the state.The Richmond League organized a few weeks later, on November 30, 1920, in a meeting called by Adele Clark, one of several early LWV members who had been active in the women's suffrage movement in Virginia. The purpose of the organization, expressed in its original constitution, was \"to stimulate education in citizenship and to suggest and support improved legislation.\"The Richmond League has been active on a number of issues, including child welfare, women's rights at work, redistricting, and support for the Equal Rights Amendment. Throughout its existence it has encouraged citizen participation in elections. In the 1970's the name of the Richmond Area LWV was changed to the LWV of the Richmond Metropolitan Area, Virginia, Inc. -representing the areas of Richmond, Chesterfield County and Henrico County.","The collection includes minutes, correspondence, annual as well as other reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, notes, various publications and other materials. The date range of the collection, from the early 1920's until the present, spans the history of the organization. There seems to be some minutes missing from the years 1939 through 1945.Much of the correspondence from the 1970s focuses on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and includes letters to and from Virginia's U.S. Congressional delegation. Numerous regional and state issues are also documented in the collection.","No restriction on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 18","/repositories/5/resources/80"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Area records"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Area records"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Area records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restriction on use."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Women -- Societies and clubs -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Women -- Societies and clubs -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphobetically and chronologically therein. The first deposit of materials from the LWV of the Richmond Area (7/12/83) included minutes, newsletters, correspondence and other materials, dates from 1920 until 1973. A second deposit (4/1/94) of similar materials dates from the late 1970s until 1992. The collection also includes four additional deposits of material: one from Geraldine Fineberg Archivist for the League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metro Area (95-Jun-24); a second from Muriel H. Smith (95-Jul-32), member of LWV of the Richmond Metro Area; a third deposit from Donna Reynolds (96-Oct-28); and a fourth deposit from an undetermined donor (97-Jun-12).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphobetically and chronologically therein. The first deposit of materials from the LWV of the Richmond Area (7/12/83) included minutes, newsletters, correspondence and other materials, dates from 1920 until 1973. A second deposit (4/1/94) of similar materials dates from the late 1970s until 1992. The collection also includes four additional deposits of material: one from Geraldine Fineberg Archivist for the League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metro Area (95-Jun-24); a second from Muriel H. Smith (95-Jul-32), member of LWV of the Richmond Metro Area; a third deposit from Donna Reynolds (96-Oct-28); and a fourth deposit from an undetermined donor (97-Jun-12)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia League of Women Voters (LWV) was organized on November 9, 1920 in the State Capitol building in Richmond. This date was chosen to coincide with the anniversary of the organization of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia in 1909. The meeting was attended by women from all parts of the state.The Richmond League organized a few weeks later, on November 30, 1920, in a meeting called by Adele Clark, one of several early LWV members who had been active in the women's suffrage movement in Virginia. The purpose of the organization, expressed in its original constitution, was \"to stimulate education in citizenship and to suggest and support improved legislation.\"The Richmond League has been active on a number of issues, including child welfare, women's rights at work, redistricting, and support for the Equal Rights Amendment. Throughout its existence it has encouraged citizen participation in elections. In the 1970's the name of the Richmond Area LWV was changed to the LWV of the Richmond Metropolitan Area, Virginia, Inc. -representing the areas of Richmond, Chesterfield County and Henrico County.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia League of Women Voters (LWV) was organized on November 9, 1920 in the State Capitol building in Richmond. This date was chosen to coincide with the anniversary of the organization of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia in 1909. The meeting was attended by women from all parts of the state.The Richmond League organized a few weeks later, on November 30, 1920, in a meeting called by Adele Clark, one of several early LWV members who had been active in the women's suffrage movement in Virginia. The purpose of the organization, expressed in its original constitution, was \"to stimulate education in citizenship and to suggest and support improved legislation.\"The Richmond League has been active on a number of issues, including child welfare, women's rights at work, redistricting, and support for the Equal Rights Amendment. Throughout its existence it has encouraged citizen participation in elections. In the 1970's the name of the Richmond Area LWV was changed to the LWV of the Richmond Metropolitan Area, Virginia, Inc. -representing the areas of Richmond, Chesterfield County and Henrico County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox, League of Women Voters of the Richmond Area Archives, M 18, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box, League of Women Voters of the Richmond Area Archives, M 18, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes minutes, correspondence, annual as well as other reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, notes, various publications and other materials. The date range of the collection, from the early 1920's until the present, spans the history of the organization. There seems to be some minutes missing from the years 1939 through 1945.Much of the correspondence from the 1970s focuses on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and includes letters to and from Virginia's U.S. Congressional delegation. Numerous regional and state issues are also documented in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes minutes, correspondence, annual as well as other reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, notes, various publications and other materials. The date range of the collection, from the early 1920's until the present, spans the history of the organization. There seems to be some minutes missing from the years 1939 through 1945.Much of the correspondence from the 1970s focuses on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and includes letters to and from Virginia's U.S. Congressional delegation. Numerous regional and state issues are also documented in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restriction on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restriction on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Norton and Company","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c173#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c173","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c173"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c173","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Larry Levis papers","Series 1: Correspondence","W. W. Norton and Company","box 4","folder 31"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. W. Norton and Company","title_ssm":["W. W. Norton and Company"],"title_tesim":["W. W. Norton and Company"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1980, 1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. W. Norton and Company"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":174,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 31"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#172","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:54.451Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_224.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Levis, Larry, Papers","title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers"],"title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"text":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224","Larry Levis papers","Poets, American -- 20th century","Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.","In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.","The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.","Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems,  Wrecking\nCrew , which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n Crazyhorse , and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems,  The Afterlife , was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems,  The Dollmaker's Ghost , which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems,  Winter Stars , in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the  Western Humanities Review  from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves .","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published  Black Freckles , a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding  American Poetry Review ,  The New Yorker ,  Field ,  Southern Review , and  Antioch Review ,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including  The Rain's Witness  in 1975,  The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside \nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and  Sensationalism  in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside,  The Two\nTrees , in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.","Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work:  Elegy  (1997),  The Selected Levis  (2000),  The Gazer Within \n(2001), and  The Darkening Trapeze  (2016), as well as  Condition of the Spirit  (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to  The\nDarkening Trapeze . He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.","Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.","When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. ","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. ","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. ","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works  The Dollmaker's Ghost ,  Winter Stars ,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves ,  Black Freckles ,  Elegy , and  The Gazer Within . ","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. ","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work  Elegy  as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. ","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the collection was purchased from Nicholas Levis in 2009. Additional materials were gifted by Sheila Brady in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"extent_tesim":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. ","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLarry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWrecking\nCrew\u003c/title\u003e, which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCrazyhorse\u003c/title\u003e, and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Afterlife\u003c/title\u003e, was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWestern Humanities Review\u003c/title\u003e from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Poetry Review\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eField\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Review\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAntioch Review\u003c/title\u003e,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rain's Witness\u003c/title\u003e in 1975, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside\u003c/title\u003e\nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSensationalism\u003c/title\u003e in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Two\nTrees\u003c/title\u003e, in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLevis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems,  Wrecking\nCrew , which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n Crazyhorse , and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems,  The Afterlife , was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems,  The Dollmaker's Ghost , which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems,  Winter Stars , in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the  Western Humanities Review  from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves .","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published  Black Freckles , a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding  American Poetry Review ,  The New Yorker ,  Field ,  Southern Review , and  Antioch Review ,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including  The Rain's Witness  in 1975,  The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside \nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and  Sensationalism  in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside,  The Two\nTrees , in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExtant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e (1997), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Selected Levis\u003c/title\u003e (2000), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e\n(2001), and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Darkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e (2016), as well as \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCondition of the Spirit\u003c/title\u003e (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDetails of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe\nDarkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e. He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work:  Elegy  (1997),  The Selected Levis  (2000),  The Gazer Within \n(2001), and  The Darkening Trapeze  (2016), as well as  Condition of the Spirit  (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to  The\nDarkening Trapeze . He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. ","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDrafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. ","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. ","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works  The Dollmaker's Ghost ,  Winter Stars ,  The Widening Spell of the Leaves ,  Black Freckles ,  Elegy , and  The Gazer Within . ","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. ","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work  Elegy  as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. ","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"persname_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":558,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:54.451Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c173"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"WXEX/TV 8, n.d.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files","WXEX/TV 8, n.d.","box 94"],"title_filing_ssi":"WXEX/TV 8, n.d.","title_ssm":["WXEX/TV 8, n.d."],"title_tesim":["WXEX/TV 8, n.d."],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WXEX/TV 8, n.d."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1531,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box 94"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#647","timestamp":"2026-05-10T07:10:22.597Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"text":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University ","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2899,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-10T07:10:22.597Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c648"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Xerox Cooperation","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront"],"text":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront","Xerox Cooperation","box A6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Xerox Cooperation","title_ssm":["Xerox Cooperation"],"title_tesim":["Xerox Cooperation"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Xerox Cooperation"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":764,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["box A6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#79","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556"],"text":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556","Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted.","The first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.","The collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection."," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future."," Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)"," Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)"," Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);"," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)"," Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)"," Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)","Richmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development"," The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director."," In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance.","Collection processed in May 1997.","The Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace.","The are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The first donation from Richmond Renaissance Inc. Executive Director Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was made October 11, 1996, consisting of approximately 33 linear feet. A second donation from Richmond Renaissance Inc. occurred two years later, October 10, 1996, when the organization merged that month with the Central Richmond Association and Downtown Richmond Inc. This second donation consisted of 120 linear feet (many of which were oversize items, including posters and other large display materials)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["80 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.","The collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection."," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future."," Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)"," Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)"," Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);"," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)"," Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)"," Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development"," The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director."," In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, M 303, Richmond Renaissance Inc. Archives, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, M 303, Richmond Renaissance Inc. Archives, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in May 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in May 1997."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1538,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c80"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yarrow","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications"],"text":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications","Yarrow","box 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yarrow","title_ssm":["Yarrow"],"title_tesim":["Yarrow"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yarrow"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":209,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#77","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:03.818Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hankla, Cathryn, papers","title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"text":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138","Cathryn Hankla papers","Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century","Collection is open to research.","Collection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished.","Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present).","Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creator_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creators_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.95 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.95 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla papers, Collection # M 299, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers, Collection # M 299, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"persname_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":211,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:03.818Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c78"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Major Volunteer Organizations","Richmond Better Housing Coalition (RBHC)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Major Volunteer Organizations","Richmond Better Housing Coalition (RBHC)"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Major Volunteer Organizations","Richmond Better Housing Coalition (RBHC)","Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer","box 26"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer","title_ssm":["Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer"],"title_tesim":["Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yates, Larry--Virginia Low Income Housing Primer"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":392,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box 26"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4/components#97","timestamp":"2026-05-10T07:10:22.597Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"text":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University ","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2899,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-10T07:10:22.597Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c02_c05_c98"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c82","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yearbooks","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c82#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c82","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c82"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03_c82","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","vircu_repositories_5_resources_201_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation"],"text":["Encampment for Citizenship collection","Series 3: Marion Silverbear donation","Yearbooks","box 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yearbooks","title_ssm":["Yearbooks"],"title_tesim":["Yearbooks"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yearbooks"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":117,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#81","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_201","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_201.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Encampment for Citizenship","title_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"title_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201"],"text":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201","Encampment for Citizenship collection","Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container.","The Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"","The EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.","Between the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.","For several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\"","Special Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.","Materials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 391","/repositories/5/resources/201"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"collection_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Marr, Nancy.","Encampment for Citizenship","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Encampment for Citizenship","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship"],"creators_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)","Encampment for Citizenship"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated in 2010 by Margot Gibney, Pamela Barefoot, Marion Silverbear, and Nancy Marr."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Youth -- Political activity -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Camps -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.78 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.78 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in the collection are in alphabetical order within each container."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Encampment for Citizenship (EFC), a national youth program affiliated with the American Ethical Union, was founded in 1946, by Algernon D. Black, social activist and New York Society for Ethical Culture leader, and Alice K. (Nanny) Pollitzer, prominent civic leader and Ethical Culture Movement member. In response to the rise of fascism abroad and to the country's domestic problems of the day, it was their intention to create \"community learning environments for youth which transcended racial, ethnic, class, religious and national boundaries,\" a vision inspired by their belief that \"young people would grow as citizens and leaders if they lived and worked together in self-made democratic communities.\" From this experience, it was hoped that they would \"develop a deeper knowledge of themselves and a vision of a more humane society.\"","The EFC's primary objective became \"the creation of a responsible, informed and effective citizenship among American youth\" capable of helping to solve society's most complex and intractable problems, and the organization aimed to foster youth leadership and civic involvement within a decidedly multicultural framework. Program participants were encouraged to examine current political, social, and economic issues through a curriculum designed to develop critical thinking and leadership skills. Over the years, the program came to include internship and community service projects, field trips, political activities, and community government participation. In addition, a wide variety of workshops, discussion groups, and lectures were held, in which the following types of subjects would be explored: social and economic justice, health and poverty, criminal justice, international relations, human rights, the environment, labor politics, education reform, racism and sexism, community and economic democracy, and youth empowerment.","Between the Encampment's inception in 1946 and dissolution in 1995, more than 7,000 young people from a diversity of racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and geographic backgrounds participated in EFC annual summer sessions, year-round leadership training programs, and various short-term projects. Some notable EFC alumni include: Gale Brewer, Ada Deer, Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, Barney Frank, William Haddad, David Harris, Allard Lowenstein, Jean McGuire, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles Patterson, David Rothenberg, Hal Sieber, and Floyd \"Red Crow\" Westerman.","For several decades, the EFC enjoyed a national reputation. Prominent Encampment supporters included Eleanor Roosevelt, who served as Chairwoman of the EFC Board of Sponsors from 1946 to 1962, and Martin Luther King, Jr. In the 1950s, the organization was viewed by some with suspicion, including the American Legion, which accused the EFC of being \"un-American\" and \"socialistic.\" Widespread support for the organization continued through the 1970s, but began to wane in the 1980s within the country's conservative political climate. By the early 1990s, the Encampment had lost most of its funding base and programs were suspended in 1997. Efforts by former EFC leaders and alumni to revise the organization led to a summer 2013 pilot program in Richmond, Virginia. Since then, the EFC has offered summer and year-long programs to prepare young people to be \"informed, responsible and effective global citizens working for social justice.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncampment for Citizenship Collection, Collection Number M 391, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Encampment for Citizenship Collection, Collection Number M 391, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives began collecting records of the Encampment for Citizenship (EFC) in the spring of 2010, and it is expected that the burgeoning collection will become more comprehensive as the procurement of materials continues. As of December 2010, donations have been made by: Margot Gibney, former EFC National Executive Director; Marion Silverbear [who donated materials that were compiled and collected by Margot Gibney], former EFC Alumni Coordinator and Development Coordinator; Pamela Barefoot, a former EFC staff member; and Nancy Marr, an Encampment alumna. Dr. Edward H. Peeples, Emeritus Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at Virginia Commonwealth University, has been involved in coordinating donation efforts. Dr. Peeples' affiliation with the EFC began when he attended the 1957 Encampment, and he remained actively involved with the organization as a recruiter, site Director, guest speaker, and advisory committee member. There are additional records related to the EFC in the Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, which are also located in Special Collections and Archives.","Materials in the collection include Encampment publications, program and recruitment brochures, student applications, fundraising and sponsorship materials, staff handbooks, student and staff evaluation questionnaires, student and staff workshop materials, photographs and slides. The collection also contains correspondence and memoranda of EFC staff and board members, letters and correspondence of students and alumni, alumni and staff directories, alumni newsletters and reunion materials, yearbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles. The bulk of the materials date primarily from 1946 to 1997, with concentrations in the collection's holdings dating from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, and from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Much of the collection's correspondence records are from these periods."],"names_coll_ssim":["Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Gibney, Margo M."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives","Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Encampment for Citizenship","Encampment for Citizenship -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Marr, Nancy.","Barefoot, Pamela","Silverbear, Marion.","Gibney, Margo M.","Peeples, Edward H. (Edward Harden)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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