{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=11","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=10","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=12","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=225"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":11,"next_page":12,"prev_page":10,"total_pages":225,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":100,"total_count":2250,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"April-Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers","Series II-Office Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers","Series II-Office Files"],"text":["John C. Watkins papers","Series II-Office Files","April-Correspondence","box 35"],"title_filing_ssi":"April-Correspondence","title_ssm":["April-Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["April-Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1988, 1992-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["April-Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1100,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"containers_ssim":["box 35"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#23","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_140.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Watkins, John C., papers","title_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers"],"title_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1979-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140"],"text":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140","John C. Watkins papers","Virginia -- Politics and government.","Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein.","John C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan.","The collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 300","/repositories/5/resources/140"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John C. Watkins papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"collection_ssim":["John C. Watkins papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["Watkins, John C."],"creator_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"creators_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections and Archives by John C. Watkins in December 1992. Additional materials were donated in 1998, 1999 and 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators -- Virginia","Politicians -- Virginia","Local government -- Virginia -- Richmond Region."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["134.4 Linear Feet 134.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["134.4 Linear Feet 134.4 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into four main sections - each representing a different donation of office files. The processed collection uses the file folder names created in Watkins' office. Series I. Office Files (1979-1991) -- Series II--Office Files (1984-1997) -- Series III--Office Files (1977-1999) -- Series IV--Office Files (1997-2001). Collection is arranged alphabetically and chronological therein."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John C. Watkins was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on March 1, 1947. He is the son of B. Chewning and Margaret Bowman Watkins. He attended Chesterfield County Schools and graduated from Midlothian High School in 1965. In 1969, he received a B.S. in Agriculture/Horticulture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Watkins served in the United States Army from 1969 through 1971. He has been affiliated with Watkins Nurseries, Inc. since 1971, and has served as president of the company since 1990. From 1973 to 1981, Watkins was an adjunct faculty member of J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College. He has served on the Chippenham Medical Center/Johnston-Willis Hospital Board of Directors (1993-present) and the Richmond Metro Electric Vehicle Readiness Committee as General Chairman (1996-present). In 1982, Watkins was elected to the Virginia General Assembly-House of Delegates from the 34th Legislative District (Chesterfield, Powhatan, and Colonial Heights.) From 1983 to 1997, Watkins represented the 65th Legislative District (Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties). In 1998, Watkins was elected to the Virginia Senate where he represents the 10th Senatorial District comprised of the County of Powhatan and parts Chesterfield, Henrico, and the City of Richmond. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond, and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield. He is married to Kathryn Clawson Watkins and has three children: John Michael, Robert Schofield, and Thomas Ryan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn C. Watkins papers, Collection # M 300, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John C. Watkins papers, Collection # M 300, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the office files of Senator John C. Watkins (1947- ) covering the years from 1979 through 2001 and includes correspondence, reports, memoranda, files on legislation and various topics and issues that the Virginia General Assembly addressed during this time period. The correspondence contains letters to and from Senator Watkins and includes constituent requests for favors or patronage and letters of inquiry about legislation. Correspondents include United States Senators Paul Trible and John Warner, Virginia Governors George Allen, Gerald Baliles, Thomas Bliley, James Gilmore III, Charles Robb, and L. Douglas Wilder III, and President of the United States George Bush. The legislation covers issues of importance to Senator Watkins. Of particular concern are those that represent his committee assignments, including Agriculture, Conservation and National Resources, Commerce and Labor, Local Government, and Transportation. The Powhite Parkway, the Virginia Lottery, health care, gun control, education, and Disney America are among some of the issues addressed in the collection. Watkins has been active in encouraging increased cooperation between the City of Richmond and the county governments of Henrico and Chesterfield and the collection includes materials covering those issues."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee","Watkins, John C."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate. Commerce and Labor Committee"],"persname_ssim":["Watkins, John C."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2641,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_140_c02_c24"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"APVA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files"],"text":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Alphabetical Files","APVA","box 103"],"title_filing_ssi":"APVA","title_ssm":["APVA"],"title_tesim":["APVA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["APVA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1817,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"containers_ssim":["box 103"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#933","timestamp":"2026-05-11T15:08:17.991Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_142.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, papers","title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"text":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).","Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University ","The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 302","/repositories/5/resources/142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"creators_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Mrs. McClenahan in April 1994. Additional materials were added in 1996 and in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nonprofit organizations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Associations, institutions, etc. -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence (1933-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III--Other organizations (1951-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V--Politics (1985-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into a series of eight sections. Series I is primarily correspondence to Mrs. McClenahan. Series II consists of material of twelve major civic and volunteer organizations with which she was involved. Because of the volume of the materials, each organization in this series was divided into its own subseries. Series III is composed of other organizations in which she was active, but of sufficient quantity to justify its own subseries. The material in this series is divided alphabetically. Series IV is a collection of her speeches and articles. The speeches in this series are unidentified by audience or sponsor or affiliated with a group not otherwise not listed in another series. Additional speeches may be found in organizational series by checking folder headings. Series V contains material regarding political candidates and issues. Series VI consists of material relating to the various schools, colleges and universities she has been associated with and is divided alphabetical. Series VII contains material relating to her work with St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Series VIII consists of a variety of material reflecting Mrs. McClenahan's daily activities, social plans, and wide range of interests. [See the NOTE under Series for additional materials added in 2000.]","Series I--Correspondence (1933-1993)","Series II--Major volunteer organizations, Subseries A: Arts Council of Richmond (1982-1988), Subseries B: Maymont Foundation (1979-1992), Subseries C: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce (1981-1992), Subseries D: Planned Parenthood (1942-1992), Subseries E: Richmond Better Housing Coalition (1984-1993), Subseries F: Richmond-On-The-James (1978-1988), Subseries G: Richmond Renaissance (1982-1990), Subseries H: Richmond Urban Forum (1982-1990), Subseries I: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1957-1993), Subseries J: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1983-1990), Subseries K: Virginia Historical Society (1990-1993), Subseries L: Poplar Forest (1988-1993)","Series III--Other organizations (1951-1993)","Series IV--Speeches and Articles (1955-1993)","Series V--Politics (1985-1993)","Series VI--Schools, Colleges and Universities (1948-1993)","Series VII--St. Pauls' Episcopal Church (1937-1992)","Series VIII--Alphabetical Files (1935-1993)","Note: Additional materials were added in July 2000. The materials in these containers, boxes 91-109, were added to the end of the collection and are divided as follows: Correspondence (n.d., 1930-1998); Maymont Foundation (n.d., 1983-1997); Richmond Better Housing Coalition (n.d., 1988-1999); Richmond Renaissance (n.d., 1987-1996); miscellaneous colleges and schools (n.d., 1967-1997); Richmond Urban Forum (19- 19); Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation (1968-1993); St. Paul's Episcopal Church (n.d., 1984-1998); Stratford Hall (n.d., 1984-1989); Virginia Historical Society (n.d., 1983-1992); Virginia Union University (n.d., 1988- 1993); and miscellaneous civic and volunteer organizations (n.d., 1967-1998)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSome of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClubs include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAwards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHonorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDoctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan is a Richmond community leader, activist and philanthropist. She has been described as the \"conscience of Richmond\" for her contributions to the Richmond community in the areas of racial harmony, housing, Richmond revitalization and historic preservation. She has also been active in the arts, her church, and education.","Born in Richmond on April 6, 1917, Mary Tyler is the daughter of Douglas Southall Freeman (1886-1953), noted historian and journalist, and Inez Goddin Freeman (1891-1974). She attended St. Catherine's School and Vassar College, receiving an A.B. in English-Creative Writing in 1937.","After college she worked briefly as a secretary in the Department of Fine Arts of William and Mary College where she met Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1908-1992), then head of the department. They married in 1939. The Cheeks lived in Baltimore for three years while Mr. Cheek was Director of the Baltimore Museum of Fine Arts and in Washington, D.C. during World War II. While Mr. Cheek served in the Army, Mrs. McClenahan volunteered as a nurse's aid. After Cheek's discharge from the Army in 1945, they lived in New York City where Cheek had been hired as an Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine. The couple returned to Richmond when Cheek became the first director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (1948-1968). The Cheeks had four children. After Mr. Cheek's death in 1992, Mrs. Cheek married Dr. John Lorimer McClenahan, a retired Pennsylvanian radiologist, the following year.","Mrs. McClenahan is responsible for a number of Richmond civic initiatives, including bringing together the 35 groups that make up the Richmond Better Housing Coalition and founding the Richmond Urban Forum. She was twice president of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood and has participated as a volunteer and board member of numerous Richmond civic organizations, including Richmond Renaissance and Richmond-On- The- James. She has also been an active member of Richmond's historic St. Paul's Episcopal Church.","Some of the organizations Mrs. McClenahan has been associated with include: ","Member, Executive Committee and Board of The Arts Council of Richmond \nMember, 175th Anniversary of the Executive Mansion Commission \nAdvisory Committee Girl Scouts \nMember, Board of Historic Richmond Foundation \nDame and Member of the Board of Governors of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem \nMember, National Committee, Jefferson Poplar Forest Fund \nMember, Board of Leadership Metro Richmond \nMember, Board of Maymont Foundation \nChairman, Film Committee of the National Council for America's First Freedom: The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom \nRichmond AIDS Ministry \nCo-Chairman, Richmond Better Housing Coalition \nMember, Board of Richmond Hill \nMember, Board of Richmond-On-The-James \nMember, Executive Committee and Board of Richmond Renaissance \nFounder and Honorary Chairman, Richmond Urban Forum \nDirector for Virginia and Past President, Robert E. Lee Memorial Association which administers Stratford Hall, the birthplace of Robert E. Lee \nFormer Vestry member and Junior Warden of St. Paul's Episcopal Church \nMember, Board of Theatre Virginia Past President (twice) and honorary board member of Virginia League for Planned Parenthood \nTrustee, Virginia Union University ","Clubs include: ","Cosmopolitan Club, NYC \nHroswitha Club, NYC \nJames River Garden Club, Richmond \nRichmond First Club \nRichmond Kiwanis \nVirginia Writer's Club \nWoman's Club of Richmond ","Awards Mrs. McClenahan has received include: ","Richmond's Christmas Mother (1973) \nAssociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities' Mary Maso Williams Award (1977) \nJunior League of Richmond's Barbara Renson Andrews Award for Distinguished Volunteer Service (1982) \nSt Catherine's School's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983) \nVirginia League of Planned Parenthood Distinguished Service Award (1984) \nNational Conference of Christian and Jews' Brotherhood Citation (1985) \nOmicron Delta Kappa's Conspicuous Attainment Award (1986) \nYWCA of Richmond's Outstanding Woman of the Year (1986) \nRichmond First Club's Good Government Award (1987) \nRichmond Urban League's Charlotte T. Washington Community Services Award (1988) \nStyle Magazine's Richmonder of the Year (1991) \nHousing Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.) Fair Housing Award \nH.O.M.E. Sallie Wilson Peake Memorial Award for Outstanding Support of Fair Housing \nNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Silver Hope Award (1994) ","Honorary Degrees Mrs. McClenahan has received: ","Doctor of Humanities from University of Richmond \nDoctor of Humane Letters from St. Paul's College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Washington and Lee University \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Hollins College \nDoctor of Humane Letters from Virginia Commonwealth University "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers, M 302, Special Collection and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, clippings, various organizational minutes, reports and files, drafts of speeches, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1933 through 1993. The bulk of the collection dates from the late 1970s through the early 1990s and focuses on Mrs. McClenahan's involvement on issues of race, housing, historic preservation, and Richmond revitalization.","The organizational records in the collection include material from many of Richmond's major civic organizations, including Planned Parenthood, the Richmond Better Housing Coalition, Richmond-On-The-James, Richmond Renaissance and the Richmond Urban Forum. The activities of other organizations are also represented to a lesser degree. A number of these organizations are represented in other collections within Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Please ask a staff member for more information.","The collection also contains material documenting Mrs. McClenahan's involvement in education, the arts and politics in Richmond and Virginia, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and speeches she has given. Other material in the collection ranges from correspondence of friends and family to material on her daily life, social plans, family holidays and vacations to information on her various interests"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)","McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["McClanahan, Mary Tyler Cheek","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2899,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-11T15:08:17.991Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_142_c08_c934"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Archives Proceudres and Booklet","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents","Archives Proceudres and Booklet","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Archives Proceudres and Booklet","title_ssm":["Archives Proceudres and Booklet"],"title_tesim":["Archives Proceudres and Booklet"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1982-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archives Proceudres and Booklet"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"text":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Armanda Hoffler","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront"],"text":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Riverfront","Armanda Hoffler","box A17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Armanda Hoffler","title_ssm":["Armanda Hoffler"],"title_tesim":["Armanda Hoffler"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armanda Hoffler"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1037,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box A17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#352","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556"],"text":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556","Richmond Renaissance Inc. records","Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted.","The first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.","The collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection."," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future."," Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)"," Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)"," Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);"," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)"," Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)"," Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)","Richmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development"," The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director."," In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance.","Collection processed in May 1997.","The Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace.","The are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 303","/repositories/5/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The first donation from Richmond Renaissance Inc. Executive Director Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was made October 11, 1996, consisting of approximately 33 linear feet. A second donation from Richmond Renaissance Inc. occurred two years later, October 10, 1996, when the organization merged that month with the Central Richmond Association and Downtown Richmond Inc. This second donation consisted of 120 linear feet (many of which were oversize items, including posters and other large display materials)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["80 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Materials in Series II, Box 6 are restricted."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The first deposit of the collection, consisting of about one third of the materials, was deposited to Special Collections and Archives (SCA) in transfile boxes labeled by subject (i.e. Jackson Ward, Sixth Street Marketplace). The collection was arranged to reflect this subject division, arranged topically by series and alphabetically therein. The second deposit of the collection has not been fully processed although it is inventoried and is accessible to researchers. Materials in this section of the archives will eventually be transferred to the appropriate collection series. Most of the original office folder headings have been maintained in the processing of this collection.","The collection is divided into seven series. Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992) consists of materials relating to the redevelopment of Jackson Ward, a historic African-American Richmond neighborhood. This series also contains information on Broad Street, the Church Hill neighborhood, and other downtown revitalization initiatives. Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991) is composed of material on various projects associated with the city's Riverfront area, including the Canal Walk, Belle Isle, and the James River Discovery Program. Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986) documents the early years of the Sixth Street Marketplace project, from its planning stages to the first few years of its existence. Series IV--General Office Files and Correspondence (n.d., 1982-1989) contains the organization's general office file and correspondence. This series also contains material relating to projects other than those in the first three sections of the collection."," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990) includes publications produced by the city, the state, the federal government, numerous organizations and publishers -- all relating to urban and regional planning. Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991) contains photographs, slides, and other media documenting many of the organization's endeavors -- including about three dozen large poster size placards used for presentations on Broad Street buildings and other redevelopment projects. The last series in the collection, Series VII, is made up of the second deposit of materials made by Richmond Renaissance, Inc. and includes materials found in the previous six sections of the collection. These materials date in range from 1969-1995 and will be placed in the appropriate sections of the collection in the future."," Series I--Jackson Ward (n.d., 1964-1992)"," Series II--Riverfront (n.d., 1983-1991)"," Series III--Sixth Street Marketplace (n.d., 1956-1986);"," Series V--Miscellaneous Reports and Publications (n.d., 1980-1990)"," Series VI--Photographs, Slides, Video and Audio Tapes (n.d., 1984-1991)"," Series VII--Unprocessed Portion of Collection (n.d., 1969-1995)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond Renaissance Inc. is a non-profit, bi-racial, public-private corporation formed in 1981 to foster economic development in downtown Richmond. Its first major project was the 6th Street Marketplace, which opened in 1985. Revitalization of Richmond's historic Jackson Ward neighborhood and improvements to the city's downtown riverfront property were two other major initiatives in which Richmond Renaissance has played an active role. Richmond Renaissance has been involved with other projects, including the Jackson Center office building, the Belle Isle pedestrian bridge and Canal Walk, increased downtown parking, the Cultural Link Trolley Project, the Broad Street Task Force and numerous other efforts to foster economic development"," The role and direction of Richmond Renaissance is overseen by its officers, many of whom are city officials, and a large board of directors (64 members in 1997). The board is comprised of prominent citizens, members of the business community, and various other city representatives. The Executive Committee manages the organization and includes members of the board, officers, and members of the Executive Staff. It is the Executive Staff which manages the day to day activities. The first Executive Director was J. Randall Evans, who served from October 1982 until December 1986. Clarence L. Townes, Jr. was the Deputy Director during that time. Townes then served as acting director from December 1986 to August 1987 when Robert E. Olson was named Executive Director. Townes continued as Deputy Director. In November 1991 Olson left to become Executive Director of the Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Mr. Townes was named Executive Director."," In the fall of 1996, Richmond Renaissance Inc. merged with two other city organizations that had been promoting economic development in Richmond, the Central Richmond Association (CRA), begun in the early 1950s, and Downtown Richmond Inc. The merger was described as an attempt to unify \"fund-raising efforts and to more effectively address Downtown issues.\" Townes continues in his position as Executive Director after the merger. Frances N. Johns, former director of CRA, was appointed Assistant Executive Director of Richmond Renaissance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, M 303, Richmond Renaissance Inc. Archives, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, M 303, Richmond Renaissance Inc. Archives, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in May 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in May 1997."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Richmond Renaissance Archives include correspondence, minutes, newspaper and journal clippings, various publications, reports, photographs, slides, and various promotional materials dating from 1956 through 1995. The bulk of the collection dates from 1982 through 1994 and focuses on Richmond Renaissance's activities to foster downtown Richmond revitalization. The collection documents the organization's involvement with a number of initiatives in the city, including the development of the city's riverfront properties, redevelopment of the downtown area, including Broad Street, and Jackson Ward neighborhood, and its planning, promotion and leadership in the development of the Sixth Street Marketplace."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1538,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_556_c08_c353"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Artemis","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications"],"text":["Cathryn Hankla papers","Publications","Artemis","box 15"],"title_filing_ssi":"Artemis","title_ssm":["Artemis"],"title_tesim":["Artemis"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Artemis"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":141,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box 15"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:03.818Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hankla, Cathryn, papers","title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"text":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138","Cathryn Hankla papers","Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century","Collection is open to research.","Collection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished.","Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present).","Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 299","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creator_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"creators_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- Virginia","Poets, American -- 20th century","Authors, American -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.95 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.95 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged chronologically. The collection is a result of a single accession. Artificial series were imposed on the collection to highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were eight subseries with correspondence arranged chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts. Researchers must note that within the collection there are places where documents from one series could be placed in another if it were not for the fact that two different works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that \"First Person Love\" was unpublished."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, Virginia to Joyce and Alden Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued her interest in writing by working on the school magazine, \"Inklings,\" at Pulaski County High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in 1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry, short stories, plays, and married writer and critic Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991). Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of English at Hollins College (1986-present)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla papers, Collection # M 299, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla papers, Collection # M 299, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry. Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly. These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style, form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except for some passing information in some of her book reviews, there is no significant information about Hankla herself. In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays, theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her published work. This is especially true in examples like Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a result, the collection documents the complete development of her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not represented in any other repository."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"persname_ssim":["Hankla, Cathryn, 1958-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":211,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:03.818Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_138_c06_c10"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02","vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02","vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers","Series 2: Professional papers","Subseries 2.4: Articles, reports, and unpublished works"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers","Series 2: Professional papers","Subseries 2.4: Articles, reports, and unpublished works"],"text":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers","Series 2: Professional papers","Subseries 2.4: Articles, reports, and unpublished works","Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses","box 5","folder 116"],"title_filing_ssi":"Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses","title_ssm":["Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses"],"title_tesim":["Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Article,  Consumer Report, Sunglasses"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":115,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 116"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_318","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_318.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ham, William T., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2010.May.5","/repositories/3/resources/318"],"text":["2010.May.5","/repositories/3/resources/318","William T. Ham, Jr. papers","Collection is open to research.","This collection is divided into three series: Series 1, Personal Papers, 1933-1995; Series 2, Professional Papers, 1937-1996; and Series 3, MCV Papers, 1948-1994. ","Efforts have been made to maintain the original organization when possible. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and the materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.","Dr. William Taylor Ham, Jr. (1908-1998) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, to William and Lucy Ham. He attended Episcopal High School and then the University of Virginia where he received a B.S. in Engineering and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Physics in 1931, 1933, and 1935 respectively. After completing his degrees at Virginia, Ham taught physics at Columbia University from 1936 to 1937. Upon the death of his father in 1937, he worked briefly in the family flour business, W.T. Ham \u0026 Company, Inc. In 1938, he returned to the University of Virginia to assist Dr. Jesse Beams and Dr. Leland B. Snoddy who were developing ultracentrifugation to separate uranium isotopes as part of the Manhattan Project. ","During World War II Ham served in the Pacific with the United States Marine Corp. He was assigned as a radar officer for the 5th AA Battalion on Okinawa at the conclusion of the war. Ham left the Marine Corps in 1946, having attained the rank of Major. He returned to Charlottesville to head the Division of Physics and Electronics at the Institute of Textile Technology. ","In 1948, Ham joined the faculty of the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as an associate professor. He worked with Dr. Everett I. Evans and his team to study the biological effects of thermal and ionizing radiation in nuclear warfare. He also participated in  Operation Ranger,  a series of nuclear tests that provided important data on the time duration of thermal flash from a nuclear fireball, conducted in Nevada in 1951. This data aided studies on thermal flash burns and provided the U.S. military with crucial information for planning strategies. Ham went with a five-man team to Japan in 1956, at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. The team investigated the feasibility of gathering accurate data on the exact level of radiation exposure for each survivor of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Their findings were the foundation for  Project Ichiban,  a program to document the location of survivors at the instant the bombs detonated. Since many survivors were indoors at the time of detonation, the project recreated traditional wood-frame Japanese houses on a test site in Nevada. These structures were subjected to a simulated nuclear blast to study their shielding properties. ","When MCV created the Department of Biophysics in 1953, Ham became the first chair and was promoted to the rank of full professor. He taught courses on biophysics and radiobiology. In addition he continued his research on retinal burns in rabbits, collaborated with colleagues, and served as a consultant for groups such as the Atomic Energy Commission, Corning Glass Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Polaroid Corporation, and Xerox, among others. As laser technology developed in the 1960s, Ham began to study the ocular effects of laser radiation and other light sources such as the sun. Ham and his colleagues conducted research that demonstrated the damaging effects of extended exposure to blue light and its role in age-related macular degeneration. He retired as chair of Biophysics in 1976, and was named professor emeritus. Ham continued as an active researcher until 1989. ","Over his career Ham authored 40 published papers, and received numerous recognitions including the Life Achievement Award in Science presented by the Science Museum of Virginia in 1990 and the George M. Wilkening Award in Laser Safety in 1997. Ham has been described as a pioneer and leader in the biomedical application of lasers and as an expert on the effects of radiant energy on the retina. ","Ham married Jean Stratton Anderson (b. 1913) of Aberdeen, Scotland in 1940. They had two children, Christina Duncan Anderson Ham and Elspeth Read Ham.","The papers of Dr. William Taylor Ham, Jr., contain both personal and professional materials, but are primarily composed of items relating to his work as a biophysist and as a professor at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). The collection includes accounts, correspondence, lecture and conference materials, notebooks, his journal articles, research reports, unpublished works, and papers relating to his tenure as a professor and chair of the Department of Biophysics at MCV. ","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1933-1995. The collection contains the personal papers of Ham including accounts and receipts, correspondence, curriculum vitae and biographies of Ham and his colleagues, educational materials (including his school notebooks, thesis, and transcripts), family genealogy, the papers of his wife Jean Stratton (Anderson) Ham (pertaining mostly to her process of immigration and naturalization), estate papers of his mother Lucy G. Ham, photographs, short stories composed by Ham, United States Marine Corps material, and other personal papers. ","Series 2: Professional Papers, 1937-1996. Consists of papers relating to Ham's professional career. This series is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 2.1: Correspondence and Subject Files. Contains general correspondence relating to Ham's professional life. This series also contains files kept by Ham on specific colleagues and subjects, which include correspondence and related materials. Files of particular note are the  Atomic Energy Commission  and the  Operation Ranger,  which highlight Ham's participation in research on the effects of nuclear warfare and  Congressional Testimony  which includes his presentation before Congress on the hazards of laser radiation. ","Subseries 2.2: Notebooks. This subseries contains notebooks, 1948-1988, which include notes on experiments and research projects, meetings, professional literature, lectures, and some personal reflections. Items of note include a separate volume detailing Ham's work on a grant to study the effects of radiation on rabbit retinas for the Atomic Energy Commission from 1958 to 1963. His notebook dated 1954-1957, contains notes and reflections on his trip to Japan in 1956. Ham traveled to Japan at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission to study the feasibility of gathering specific data on radiation exposure received by those who survived the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ","Subseries 2.3: Conferences, Lectures, and Workshops. This subseries is comprised of materials relating to conferences, lectures, symposiums, and workshop in which Ham participated. Of particular interest are the several drafts of his often-delivered  Art and Science  lecture and his talks on nuclear weapons and civil defense that he presented to civic groups and schools. ","Subseries 2.4: Articles, Reports, and Unpublished Works. Contains drafts of scientific papers and reprints of journal publications authored or co-authored by Ham. They pertain mainly to the effects of light and radiation on the eye and flash burns or retinal damage due to nuclear weapons. This series contains Ham's unpublished book manuscript entitled,  The Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of the Eye.","Series 3: MCV Papers, 1948-1994. This series consists of papers relating to Ham's tenure at the Medical College of Virginia. It includes correspondence, course files, materials relating to the Department of Biophysics, and other items associated with his career at MCV. Of interest is the history of the Department of Biophysics written by Ham entitled,  Biophysics at MCV, 1948-1968 , and his course files which contain notebooks with lecture notes and other materials relating to his teaching. This series includes background information compiled by VCU in 1994 to refute allegations that the University conducted unethical radiation studies during the 1950s, in which Ham participated.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2010.May.5","/repositories/3/resources/318"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Ham, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of William T. Ham, Jr."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into three series: Series 1, Personal Papers, 1933-1995; Series 2, Professional Papers, 1937-1996; and Series 3, MCV Papers, 1948-1994. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEfforts have been made to maintain the original organization when possible. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and the materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series: Series 1, Personal Papers, 1933-1995; Series 2, Professional Papers, 1937-1996; and Series 3, MCV Papers, 1948-1994. ","Efforts have been made to maintain the original organization when possible. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and the materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. William Taylor Ham, Jr. (1908-1998) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, to William and Lucy Ham. He attended Episcopal High School and then the University of Virginia where he received a B.S. in Engineering and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Physics in 1931, 1933, and 1935 respectively. After completing his degrees at Virginia, Ham taught physics at Columbia University from 1936 to 1937. Upon the death of his father in 1937, he worked briefly in the family flour business, W.T. Ham \u0026amp; Company, Inc. In 1938, he returned to the University of Virginia to assist Dr. Jesse Beams and Dr. Leland B. Snoddy who were developing ultracentrifugation to separate uranium isotopes as part of the Manhattan Project. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II Ham served in the Pacific with the United States Marine Corp. He was assigned as a radar officer for the 5th AA Battalion on Okinawa at the conclusion of the war. Ham left the Marine Corps in 1946, having attained the rank of Major. He returned to Charlottesville to head the Division of Physics and Electronics at the Institute of Textile Technology. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, Ham joined the faculty of the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as an associate professor. He worked with Dr. Everett I. Evans and his team to study the biological effects of thermal and ionizing radiation in nuclear warfare. He also participated in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eOperation Ranger,\u003c/title\u003e a series of nuclear tests that provided important data on the time duration of thermal flash from a nuclear fireball, conducted in Nevada in 1951. This data aided studies on thermal flash burns and provided the U.S. military with crucial information for planning strategies. Ham went with a five-man team to Japan in 1956, at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. The team investigated the feasibility of gathering accurate data on the exact level of radiation exposure for each survivor of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Their findings were the foundation for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eProject Ichiban,\u003c/title\u003e a program to document the location of survivors at the instant the bombs detonated. Since many survivors were indoors at the time of detonation, the project recreated traditional wood-frame Japanese houses on a test site in Nevada. These structures were subjected to a simulated nuclear blast to study their shielding properties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen MCV created the Department of Biophysics in 1953, Ham became the first chair and was promoted to the rank of full professor. He taught courses on biophysics and radiobiology. In addition he continued his research on retinal burns in rabbits, collaborated with colleagues, and served as a consultant for groups such as the Atomic Energy Commission, Corning Glass Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Polaroid Corporation, and Xerox, among others. As laser technology developed in the 1960s, Ham began to study the ocular effects of laser radiation and other light sources such as the sun. Ham and his colleagues conducted research that demonstrated the damaging effects of extended exposure to blue light and its role in age-related macular degeneration. He retired as chair of Biophysics in 1976, and was named professor emeritus. Ham continued as an active researcher until 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver his career Ham authored 40 published papers, and received numerous recognitions including the Life Achievement Award in Science presented by the Science Museum of Virginia in 1990 and the George M. Wilkening Award in Laser Safety in 1997. Ham has been described as a pioneer and leader in the biomedical application of lasers and as an expert on the effects of radiant energy on the retina. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHam married Jean Stratton Anderson (b. 1913) of Aberdeen, Scotland in 1940. They had two children, Christina Duncan Anderson Ham and Elspeth Read Ham.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. William Taylor Ham, Jr. (1908-1998) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, to William and Lucy Ham. He attended Episcopal High School and then the University of Virginia where he received a B.S. in Engineering and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Physics in 1931, 1933, and 1935 respectively. After completing his degrees at Virginia, Ham taught physics at Columbia University from 1936 to 1937. Upon the death of his father in 1937, he worked briefly in the family flour business, W.T. Ham \u0026 Company, Inc. In 1938, he returned to the University of Virginia to assist Dr. Jesse Beams and Dr. Leland B. Snoddy who were developing ultracentrifugation to separate uranium isotopes as part of the Manhattan Project. ","During World War II Ham served in the Pacific with the United States Marine Corp. He was assigned as a radar officer for the 5th AA Battalion on Okinawa at the conclusion of the war. Ham left the Marine Corps in 1946, having attained the rank of Major. He returned to Charlottesville to head the Division of Physics and Electronics at the Institute of Textile Technology. ","In 1948, Ham joined the faculty of the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as an associate professor. He worked with Dr. Everett I. Evans and his team to study the biological effects of thermal and ionizing radiation in nuclear warfare. He also participated in  Operation Ranger,  a series of nuclear tests that provided important data on the time duration of thermal flash from a nuclear fireball, conducted in Nevada in 1951. This data aided studies on thermal flash burns and provided the U.S. military with crucial information for planning strategies. Ham went with a five-man team to Japan in 1956, at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. The team investigated the feasibility of gathering accurate data on the exact level of radiation exposure for each survivor of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Their findings were the foundation for  Project Ichiban,  a program to document the location of survivors at the instant the bombs detonated. Since many survivors were indoors at the time of detonation, the project recreated traditional wood-frame Japanese houses on a test site in Nevada. These structures were subjected to a simulated nuclear blast to study their shielding properties. ","When MCV created the Department of Biophysics in 1953, Ham became the first chair and was promoted to the rank of full professor. He taught courses on biophysics and radiobiology. In addition he continued his research on retinal burns in rabbits, collaborated with colleagues, and served as a consultant for groups such as the Atomic Energy Commission, Corning Glass Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Polaroid Corporation, and Xerox, among others. As laser technology developed in the 1960s, Ham began to study the ocular effects of laser radiation and other light sources such as the sun. Ham and his colleagues conducted research that demonstrated the damaging effects of extended exposure to blue light and its role in age-related macular degeneration. He retired as chair of Biophysics in 1976, and was named professor emeritus. Ham continued as an active researcher until 1989. ","Over his career Ham authored 40 published papers, and received numerous recognitions including the Life Achievement Award in Science presented by the Science Museum of Virginia in 1990 and the George M. Wilkening Award in Laser Safety in 1997. Ham has been described as a pioneer and leader in the biomedical application of lasers and as an expert on the effects of radiant energy on the retina. ","Ham married Jean Stratton Anderson (b. 1913) of Aberdeen, Scotland in 1940. They had two children, Christina Duncan Anderson Ham and Elspeth Read Ham."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Guide to the Papers of Dr. William T. Ham, Jr., 1933-1996. Accession # 2010/May/5, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Dr. William T. Ham, Jr., 1933-1996. Accession # 2010/May/5, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Dr. William Taylor Ham, Jr., contain both personal and professional materials, but are primarily composed of items relating to his work as a biophysist and as a professor at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). The collection includes accounts, correspondence, lecture and conference materials, notebooks, his journal articles, research reports, unpublished works, and papers relating to his tenure as a professor and chair of the Department of Biophysics at MCV. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1933-1995. The collection contains the personal papers of Ham including accounts and receipts, correspondence, curriculum vitae and biographies of Ham and his colleagues, educational materials (including his school notebooks, thesis, and transcripts), family genealogy, the papers of his wife Jean Stratton (Anderson) Ham (pertaining mostly to her process of immigration and naturalization), estate papers of his mother Lucy G. Ham, photographs, short stories composed by Ham, United States Marine Corps material, and other personal papers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional Papers, 1937-1996. Consists of papers relating to Ham's professional career. This series is divided into four subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: Correspondence and Subject Files. Contains general correspondence relating to Ham's professional life. This series also contains files kept by Ham on specific colleagues and subjects, which include correspondence and related materials. Files of particular note are the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eAtomic Energy Commission\u003c/title\u003e and the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eOperation Ranger,\u003c/title\u003e which highlight Ham's participation in research on the effects of nuclear warfare and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eCongressional Testimony\u003c/title\u003e which includes his presentation before Congress on the hazards of laser radiation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Notebooks. This subseries contains notebooks, 1948-1988, which include notes on experiments and research projects, meetings, professional literature, lectures, and some personal reflections. Items of note include a separate volume detailing Ham's work on a grant to study the effects of radiation on rabbit retinas for the Atomic Energy Commission from 1958 to 1963. His notebook dated 1954-1957, contains notes and reflections on his trip to Japan in 1956. Ham traveled to Japan at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission to study the feasibility of gathering specific data on radiation exposure received by those who survived the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3: Conferences, Lectures, and Workshops. This subseries is comprised of materials relating to conferences, lectures, symposiums, and workshop in which Ham participated. Of particular interest are the several drafts of his often-delivered \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eArt and Science\u003c/title\u003e lecture and his talks on nuclear weapons and civil defense that he presented to civic groups and schools. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4: Articles, Reports, and Unpublished Works. Contains drafts of scientific papers and reprints of journal publications authored or co-authored by Ham. They pertain mainly to the effects of light and radiation on the eye and flash burns or retinal damage due to nuclear weapons. This series contains Ham's unpublished book manuscript entitled, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of the Eye.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: MCV Papers, 1948-1994. This series consists of papers relating to Ham's tenure at the Medical College of Virginia. It includes correspondence, course files, materials relating to the Department of Biophysics, and other items associated with his career at MCV. Of interest is the history of the Department of Biophysics written by Ham entitled, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBiophysics at MCV, 1948-1968\u003c/title\u003e, and his course files which contain notebooks with lecture notes and other materials relating to his teaching. This series includes background information compiled by VCU in 1994 to refute allegations that the University conducted unethical radiation studies during the 1950s, in which Ham participated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Dr. William Taylor Ham, Jr., contain both personal and professional materials, but are primarily composed of items relating to his work as a biophysist and as a professor at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). The collection includes accounts, correspondence, lecture and conference materials, notebooks, his journal articles, research reports, unpublished works, and papers relating to his tenure as a professor and chair of the Department of Biophysics at MCV. ","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1933-1995. The collection contains the personal papers of Ham including accounts and receipts, correspondence, curriculum vitae and biographies of Ham and his colleagues, educational materials (including his school notebooks, thesis, and transcripts), family genealogy, the papers of his wife Jean Stratton (Anderson) Ham (pertaining mostly to her process of immigration and naturalization), estate papers of his mother Lucy G. Ham, photographs, short stories composed by Ham, United States Marine Corps material, and other personal papers. ","Series 2: Professional Papers, 1937-1996. Consists of papers relating to Ham's professional career. This series is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 2.1: Correspondence and Subject Files. Contains general correspondence relating to Ham's professional life. This series also contains files kept by Ham on specific colleagues and subjects, which include correspondence and related materials. Files of particular note are the  Atomic Energy Commission  and the  Operation Ranger,  which highlight Ham's participation in research on the effects of nuclear warfare and  Congressional Testimony  which includes his presentation before Congress on the hazards of laser radiation. ","Subseries 2.2: Notebooks. This subseries contains notebooks, 1948-1988, which include notes on experiments and research projects, meetings, professional literature, lectures, and some personal reflections. Items of note include a separate volume detailing Ham's work on a grant to study the effects of radiation on rabbit retinas for the Atomic Energy Commission from 1958 to 1963. His notebook dated 1954-1957, contains notes and reflections on his trip to Japan in 1956. Ham traveled to Japan at the behest of the National Research Council and the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission to study the feasibility of gathering specific data on radiation exposure received by those who survived the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ","Subseries 2.3: Conferences, Lectures, and Workshops. This subseries is comprised of materials relating to conferences, lectures, symposiums, and workshop in which Ham participated. Of particular interest are the several drafts of his often-delivered  Art and Science  lecture and his talks on nuclear weapons and civil defense that he presented to civic groups and schools. ","Subseries 2.4: Articles, Reports, and Unpublished Works. Contains drafts of scientific papers and reprints of journal publications authored or co-authored by Ham. They pertain mainly to the effects of light and radiation on the eye and flash burns or retinal damage due to nuclear weapons. This series contains Ham's unpublished book manuscript entitled,  The Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of the Eye.","Series 3: MCV Papers, 1948-1994. This series consists of papers relating to Ham's tenure at the Medical College of Virginia. It includes correspondence, course files, materials relating to the Department of Biophysics, and other items associated with his career at MCV. Of interest is the history of the Department of Biophysics written by Ham entitled,  Biophysics at MCV, 1948-1968 , and his course files which contain notebooks with lecture notes and other materials relating to his teaching. This series includes background information compiled by VCU in 1994 to refute allegations that the University conducted unethical radiation studies during the 1950s, in which Ham participated."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":157,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_318_c02_c04_c02"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Articles","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","vircu_repositories_5_resources_567_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","Series 4: Clippings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","Series 4: Clippings"],"text":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","Series 4: Clippings","Articles","box 15","folder 5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Articles","title_ssm":["Articles"],"title_tesim":["Articles"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Articles"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":132,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records"],"title_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 425","/repositories/5/resources/567"],"text":["M 425","/repositories/5/resources/567","Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized in four series: Series 1: Organizational records, 1972-1996; Series 2: Pro-ERA Organizations, 1971-2002; Series 3: Subject Files, 1970-1996; Series 4: Clippings, 1971-1996.","Elizabeth Smith served as executive director the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council, and she continued to collect materials pertaining to the amendment throughout her time with the Council and in the years following. ","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.","This collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Smith, Elizabeth","English \n.    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The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith served as executive director the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council, and she continued to collect materials pertaining to the amendment throughout her time with the Council and in the years following. ","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. 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Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center), a downtown theater in whose renovation the Symphony took part. These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia's capital had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930s, but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. 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These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Symphony Archives, Collection Number M 382, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Symphony Archives, Collection Number M 382, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, musician files, concert programs, season plans, contracts, newspaper clippings and articles, Board meeting minutes, scrapbooks, photography, financial records and administrative documents, and audio-visual materials, chiefly from the 1980s through the 2000s, but also from earlier decades. 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Emswiller, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2011.Feb.02"],"text":["2011.Feb.02","Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers","Pharmacy","Pharmacy -- Virginia -- history","Medicine -- Formulae, recipes, prescriptions","The collection is open to research with the exception of some materials which are restricted under FERPA.","The collection is arranged alphabetically with the correspondence arranged chronologically. Efforts were made to retain the original order where possible.","Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. was born in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1935. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1953 to October 1957 as Aviation Storekeeper, First Class. Emswiller went on to attend the Medical College of Virginia, School of Pharmacy. He graduated with a B.S. in 1962. That same year he joined Eugene V. White at his ground breaking, office-based pharmacy in Berryville, Virginia, as an associate pharmacist. During this time he and White created one of the nation's first pharmaceutical care centers. This was a very innovative idea which eschewed the traditional pharmacy model in favor of a more patient focused pharmacy. ","In 1968, Emswiller purchased Edwards Drug Store in Leesburg, Virginia, where her continued to hone the patient-focused model. He moved his pharmacy in 1974 to a medical office building co-located with physicians and other health professionals. The office-based model eliminated the sale of commercial goods and was equipped with a private consulting room. Patient care services expanded to include patient medication record reviews as well as blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol monitoring in collaboration with local physicians. This model of pharmacy service raised the pharmacist to the level of health care partner rather than simply a medication dispenser. Both White's and Emswiller's pharmacies served as examples for other pharmacists throughout the county.","  Emswiller was actively engaged with his profession as a member of various professional groups including the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association (currently known as the Virginia Pharmacists Association), the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA, now known as the American Pharmacists Association), the American College of Apothecaries (ACA), the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, the American Association of the Colleges of Pharmacy, and the National Association of Retail Druggist. He held numerous positions over the years in these groups such as the chair of the ACA, member of the APhA Board of Directors, and president of the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, to name a few. Emswiller also served as an associate clinical instructor of Pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV campus for more than 25 years and also served as the chair of the Virginia State Board of Pharmacy."," Emswiller's innovation and dedication were recognized many times throughout his career. The most prestigious of the awards he received was the Remington Honor Medal in 1999, which is the profession of pharmacy's highest honor. Other awards include Virginia Pharmacist of the Year, 1981; the American Pharmaceutical Association's Daniel B. Smith Award, the highest honor given to a community pharmacist, 1983; Loudoun County Man of the Year, 1987; Outstanding Alumnus Award, MCV, Pharmacy Division, 1991; Virginia Pharmaceutical Association Outstanding Pharmacist Award, 1994; the Virginia Commonwealth University Alumni Star Award, 1999; and the American College of Apothecaries J. Leon Lascoff Memorial Award, 2000."," In 2000, Emswiller retired from his practice. He died on December 10, 2009. His wife Jewell, who also shared his passion and enthusiasm for collaborative, patient-centered pharmacy practice, endowed the Jewell and Carl Emswiller, Jr. Interprofessional Symposium, which was first held in 2013. The symposium is committed to educating health professional students and practitioners about providing meaningful patient care through innovative interprofessional practice."," The sources of information for this biography are Emswiller's bios and curriculum vitae found in this collection.","This collection was originally processed in 2016. One box of materials was inadvertently left out during that time. In 2018, these materials were incorporated into the previously processed collection. Much of the content was either loose, in unlabeled folders, or the label did not match the content of the folder, as was the case with the portion of the collection processed in 2016. Where it was clear that materials had been ordered and the kept together, the arrangement was kept (e.g., a folder for materials related to Eugene White, correspondence with a particular individual, etc.) Otherwise, like materials were group together and described in a manner to best facilitate access and use. For preservation purposes the scrapbook was disassembled and the materials placed in a folder in the same order in which they were in the scrapbook. A photo album was also disassembled and the pages placed in a folder.","This collection consists of correspondence, clippings, presentations, publications, photographs, speeches and other related materials. The items span Emswiller's 38 year career in pharmacy. There is a great deal of personal correspondence written to Emswiller by his colleagues and friends upon receipt of his many awards. The materials in the collection also provide insight into the evolvement of office-based, patient-centered pharmacy practices. This was a very innovative approach which spanned the transition from the traditional pharmacy of the early 20th century to the pharmacy model of the early 21st century.","The collection also includes some items of historical interest including Prohibition era prescriptions for whiskey and prescription preparation books from the late 19th to early 20th century. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Pharmacy","Emswiller, Carl F., Jr., 1935-2009","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2011.Feb.02"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Jewell M. 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Efforts were made to retain the original order where possible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically with the correspondence arranged chronologically. Efforts were made to retain the original order where possible."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl F. Emswiller, Jr. was born in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1935. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1953 to October 1957 as Aviation Storekeeper, First Class. Emswiller went on to attend the Medical College of Virginia, School of Pharmacy. He graduated with a B.S. in 1962. That same year he joined Eugene V. White at his ground breaking, office-based pharmacy in Berryville, Virginia, as an associate pharmacist. During this time he and White created one of the nation's first pharmaceutical care centers. This was a very innovative idea which eschewed the traditional pharmacy model in favor of a more patient focused pharmacy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1968, Emswiller purchased Edwards Drug Store in Leesburg, Virginia, where her continued to hone the patient-focused model. He moved his pharmacy in 1974 to a medical office building co-located with physicians and other health professionals. The office-based model eliminated the sale of commercial goods and was equipped with a private consulting room. Patient care services expanded to include patient medication record reviews as well as blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol monitoring in collaboration with local physicians. This model of pharmacy service raised the pharmacist to the level of health care partner rather than simply a medication dispenser. Both White's and Emswiller's pharmacies served as examples for other pharmacists throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Emswiller was actively engaged with his profession as a member of various professional groups including the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association (currently known as the Virginia Pharmacists Association), the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA, now known as the American Pharmacists Association), the American College of Apothecaries (ACA), the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, the American Association of the Colleges of Pharmacy, and the National Association of Retail Druggist. He held numerous positions over the years in these groups such as the chair of the ACA, member of the APhA Board of Directors, and president of the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, to name a few. Emswiller also served as an associate clinical instructor of Pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV campus for more than 25 years and also served as the chair of the Virginia State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Emswiller's innovation and dedication were recognized many times throughout his career. The most prestigious of the awards he received was the Remington Honor Medal in 1999, which is the profession of pharmacy's highest honor. Other awards include Virginia Pharmacist of the Year, 1981; the American Pharmaceutical Association's Daniel B. Smith Award, the highest honor given to a community pharmacist, 1983; Loudoun County Man of the Year, 1987; Outstanding Alumnus Award, MCV, Pharmacy Division, 1991; Virginia Pharmaceutical Association Outstanding Pharmacist Award, 1994; the Virginia Commonwealth University Alumni Star Award, 1999; and the American College of Apothecaries J. Leon Lascoff Memorial Award, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, Emswiller retired from his practice. He died on December 10, 2009. His wife Jewell, who also shared his passion and enthusiasm for collaborative, patient-centered pharmacy practice, endowed the Jewell and Carl Emswiller, Jr. Interprofessional Symposium, which was first held in 2013. The symposium is committed to educating health professional students and practitioners about providing meaningful patient care through innovative interprofessional practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The sources of information for this biography are Emswiller's bios and curriculum vitae found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. was born in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1935. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1953 to October 1957 as Aviation Storekeeper, First Class. Emswiller went on to attend the Medical College of Virginia, School of Pharmacy. He graduated with a B.S. in 1962. That same year he joined Eugene V. White at his ground breaking, office-based pharmacy in Berryville, Virginia, as an associate pharmacist. During this time he and White created one of the nation's first pharmaceutical care centers. This was a very innovative idea which eschewed the traditional pharmacy model in favor of a more patient focused pharmacy. ","In 1968, Emswiller purchased Edwards Drug Store in Leesburg, Virginia, where her continued to hone the patient-focused model. He moved his pharmacy in 1974 to a medical office building co-located with physicians and other health professionals. The office-based model eliminated the sale of commercial goods and was equipped with a private consulting room. Patient care services expanded to include patient medication record reviews as well as blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol monitoring in collaboration with local physicians. This model of pharmacy service raised the pharmacist to the level of health care partner rather than simply a medication dispenser. Both White's and Emswiller's pharmacies served as examples for other pharmacists throughout the county.","  Emswiller was actively engaged with his profession as a member of various professional groups including the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association (currently known as the Virginia Pharmacists Association), the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA, now known as the American Pharmacists Association), the American College of Apothecaries (ACA), the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, the American Association of the Colleges of Pharmacy, and the National Association of Retail Druggist. He held numerous positions over the years in these groups such as the chair of the ACA, member of the APhA Board of Directors, and president of the Northern Virginia Society of Pharmacists, to name a few. Emswiller also served as an associate clinical instructor of Pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV campus for more than 25 years and also served as the chair of the Virginia State Board of Pharmacy."," Emswiller's innovation and dedication were recognized many times throughout his career. The most prestigious of the awards he received was the Remington Honor Medal in 1999, which is the profession of pharmacy's highest honor. Other awards include Virginia Pharmacist of the Year, 1981; the American Pharmaceutical Association's Daniel B. Smith Award, the highest honor given to a community pharmacist, 1983; Loudoun County Man of the Year, 1987; Outstanding Alumnus Award, MCV, Pharmacy Division, 1991; Virginia Pharmaceutical Association Outstanding Pharmacist Award, 1994; the Virginia Commonwealth University Alumni Star Award, 1999; and the American College of Apothecaries J. Leon Lascoff Memorial Award, 2000."," In 2000, Emswiller retired from his practice. He died on December 10, 2009. His wife Jewell, who also shared his passion and enthusiasm for collaborative, patient-centered pharmacy practice, endowed the Jewell and Carl Emswiller, Jr. Interprofessional Symposium, which was first held in 2013. The symposium is committed to educating health professional students and practitioners about providing meaningful patient care through innovative interprofessional practice."," The sources of information for this biography are Emswiller's bios and curriculum vitae found in this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers, Accession # 2011.Feb.02, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers, Accession # 2011.Feb.02, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally processed in 2016. One box of materials was inadvertently left out during that time. In 2018, these materials were incorporated into the previously processed collection. Much of the content was either loose, in unlabeled folders, or the label did not match the content of the folder, as was the case with the portion of the collection processed in 2016. Where it was clear that materials had been ordered and the kept together, the arrangement was kept (e.g., a folder for materials related to Eugene White, correspondence with a particular individual, etc.) Otherwise, like materials were group together and described in a manner to best facilitate access and use. For preservation purposes the scrapbook was disassembled and the materials placed in a folder in the same order in which they were in the scrapbook. A photo album was also disassembled and the pages placed in a folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was originally processed in 2016. One box of materials was inadvertently left out during that time. In 2018, these materials were incorporated into the previously processed collection. Much of the content was either loose, in unlabeled folders, or the label did not match the content of the folder, as was the case with the portion of the collection processed in 2016. Where it was clear that materials had been ordered and the kept together, the arrangement was kept (e.g., a folder for materials related to Eugene White, correspondence with a particular individual, etc.) Otherwise, like materials were group together and described in a manner to best facilitate access and use. For preservation purposes the scrapbook was disassembled and the materials placed in a folder in the same order in which they were in the scrapbook. A photo album was also disassembled and the pages placed in a folder."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, clippings, presentations, publications, photographs, speeches and other related materials. The items span Emswiller's 38 year career in pharmacy. There is a great deal of personal correspondence written to Emswiller by his colleagues and friends upon receipt of his many awards. The materials in the collection also provide insight into the evolvement of office-based, patient-centered pharmacy practices. This was a very innovative approach which spanned the transition from the traditional pharmacy of the early 20th century to the pharmacy model of the early 21st century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes some items of historical interest including Prohibition era prescriptions for whiskey and prescription preparation books from the late 19th to early 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence, clippings, presentations, publications, photographs, speeches and other related materials. The items span Emswiller's 38 year career in pharmacy. There is a great deal of personal correspondence written to Emswiller by his colleagues and friends upon receipt of his many awards. The materials in the collection also provide insight into the evolvement of office-based, patient-centered pharmacy practices. This was a very innovative approach which spanned the transition from the traditional pharmacy of the early 20th century to the pharmacy model of the early 21st century.","The collection also includes some items of historical interest including Prohibition era prescriptions for whiskey and prescription preparation books from the late 19th to early 20th century. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Pharmacy","Emswiller, Carl F., Jr., 1935-2009"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. 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She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).","Born in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.","Fishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.","Fishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.","\nSources: ","Patricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator.   (Weblink)","League of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017.   (Article link)","\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\"  Washington Post , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\"  Richmond Times-Disptach , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","The Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.","The correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.","The general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.","The news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. Also found in this collection are photographs of Fishback and other ERA supporters participating in protests and demonstrations in 1988.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Fishback, Patricia D.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 514","/repositories/5/resources/581"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"collection_ssim":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creator_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creators_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Patricia Fishback in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.84 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.84 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fishback is a feminist activist who lobbied  Virginia delegates on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Ratification Council. She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator. \u003cextref href=\"https://prabook.com/web/patricia_davis.fishback/816939\"\u003e (Weblink)\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeague of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017. \u003cextref href=\"https://patch.com/virginia/leesburg/league-women-voters-biennial-convention-2017\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\" \u003ctitle\u003eWashington Post\u003c/title\u003e, February 9, 2018. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginias-hopes-of-era-ratification-go-down-in-flames-this-year/2018/02/09/7acfbf80-0dab-11e8-8890-372e2047c935_story.html?utm_term=.55ab87f86872\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Disptach\u003c/title\u003e, February 9, 2018. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/government-politics/general-assembly/women-pack-committee-rooms-demanding-virginia-debate-equal-rights-amendment/article_f905cd96-89b4-599b-a43b-4922a3cc7638.html\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Patricia Fishback is a feminist activist who lobbied  Virginia delegates on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Ratification Council. She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).","Born in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.","Fishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.","Fishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.","\nSources: ","Patricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator.   (Weblink)","League of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017.   (Article link)","\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\"  Washington Post , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\"  Richmond Times-Disptach , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, Collection # M 514, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, Collection # M 514, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. Also found in this collection are photographs of Fishback and other ERA supporters participating in protests and demonstrations in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.","The correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.","The general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.","The news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. Also found in this collection are photographs of Fishback and other ERA supporters participating in protests and demonstrations in 1988."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Fishback, Patricia D."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council"],"persname_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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