{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026page=439"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":439,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4384,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials"],"text":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","Miscellaneous files","Printed materials","Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»","Russian"],"title_filing_ssi":"Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»","title_ssm":["Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»"],"title_tesim":["Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Первичная медико-санитарная помощь в Казахстане, Курлеутов Э.М., Алматы, «Казахстан»"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":229,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"language_ssim":["Russian"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#16/components#25","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c14_c17_c26"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"#1","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","III. Press","E. Audiovisual materials","Micro-cassette","#1","Box III.E. - 25"],"title_filing_ssi":"#1","title_ssm":["#1"],"title_tesim":["#1"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["#1"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3192,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to audiovisual items may be arranged in the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reading room depending on the format. Advance notice is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"containers_ssim":["Box III.E. - 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4/components#2/components#43","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. ","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Materials entirely in English."],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. ","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. ","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. ","Some digital materials are available online at https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. ","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources: ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. http://video.wvpublic.org/video/2365511585/","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. ","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"  2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\nhttps://www.congress.gov/crec/2014/12/04/CREC-2014-12-04-pt1-PgS6343-2.pdf","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. ","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. ","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. ","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  ","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. ","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. ","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["Materials entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7179,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:07:49.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c05_c03_c44"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"#10, #11, #12","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","I. Press","D. Audiovisual"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","I. Press","D. Audiovisual"],"text":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","I. Press","D. Audiovisual","#10, #11, #12","English .","Box I.D. - 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"#10, #11, #12","title_ssm":["#10, #11, #12"],"title_tesim":["#10, #11, #12"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["#10, #11, #12"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1015,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box I.D. - 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#203","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:19:41.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/209076","title_ssm":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"title_tesim":["Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"text":["A\u0026M 4118","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4","Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.","U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 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Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II, 2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. 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Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are closed until 2030. Permission to access materials may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available online at https://rahall.lib.wvu.edu/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eU.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["U.S. Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II served the people of West Virginia for nearly forty years. He began his political service in the early 1970s working in the cloak room of the U.S. Senate; as a staff member in the Senate Office of the Majority Whip from 1971-1974; and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 to represent West Virginia's Third District and was re-elected for nineteen terms, serving from January 3, 1977-January 2, 2015. ","Nick Rahall II was born on May 20, 1949, in Beckley, West Virginia, to parents Nick Joe Rahall, the co-founder of the WWNR radio station, and Mary Alice. He is the grandson of Nicholos Rahall, an immigrant from Kefeir, Lebanon, who settled in Beckley in 1909 and was the co-founder of Rahall Communications, a radio broadcasting company with stations in West Virginia, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Florida. Rahall graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Beckley and then earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1971. He also received some graduate education from George Washington University. He worked as a sales representative for his family's radio station while also serving as President of the Mountaineer Tour and Travel Agency and President of West Virginia Broadcasting in 1974. ","In 1976, he entered the race for the West Virginia Fourth Congressional District and defeated incumbent Congressman Ken Hechler for the Democratic nomination. Hechler tried to reclaim his seat during the 1978 primary, but Rahall gathered support and endorsements from leading Democrats, such as Robert C. Byrd and House Speaker Tip O'Neill. A final challenge from Hechler occurred in 1990, resulting again in a victory for Rahall. Rahall then defeated former Supreme Court Justice Elliot \"Spike\" Maynard during the general election on November 2, 2010.  He was reelected to his nineteenth term in Congress on November 6, 2012 after defeating Republican Rick Snuffer. Rahall represented the Fourth District from 1977-1993 when it was redistricted to become part of the Third District. Rahall represented the Third District from 1993-2015. ","When he entered Congress in 1977, Rahall was the youngest member at age 28. He focused on a number of issues, including foreign policy, energy, infrastructure, coal, and environment and tourism. He became well-known for his efforts to provide aid for the benefit of coal miners and those suffering from black lung disease, veteran's benefits, and mine health and safety. He held a number of leadership positions, including Chairman of the Committee on Natural Resources (2007-2010), Vice Chairman of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources (1985-1993). ","His district covered the southern region of West Virginia where coal was the dominant source of revenue. He introduced legislation to improve mine health and safety issues, as well as black lung benefits, and publicly opposed legislation to end mountaintop removal mining. His efforts to improve mine health and safety include sponsoring the 1992 Coal Act, along with Senators John D. Rockefeller IV, Robert C. Byrd, and others. In 2006, he was able to secure funding for the Mine Safety Technology Consortium located in Montgomery, a response to the January 2, 2006 Sago Mine Disaster. ","While supporting the coal industry, Rahall also sought to preserve the environmental and historical resources of the state. In 1978, he introduced legislation establishing the New River Gorge National River as a unit of the National Park System in southern West Virginia. Ten years later, he worked to designate the Gauley River National Recreation Area and the Bluestone National Scenic River, creating the largest network of federally protected rivers in the eastern United States. In 1996, his leadership also established the National Coal Heritage Area in eleven southern West Virginia counties, which aims to preserve and interpret the structures and landscapes of the state's rich history of coal mining.","Rahall also led efforts in the area of transportation and infrastructure, developing federal highway and transit legislation. His efforts to improve West Virginia's infrastructure began in 1976 when he was first elected. He was integral to the development of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which required specific planning factors to be implemented in regional transportation plans, as well as authorizing federal surface transportation programs for highways, highway safety, and public transit. He also established the Rahall Transportation Institute (RTI), headquartered at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. RTI has since become a leader in transportation research and economic development for the Appalachian Region. ","To promote and diversify southern West Virginia's economic development, he became a front-runner for the Southern Highlands Initiative. This initiative aided in the development of industrial and business parks in the state's southern coal counties. Rahall also considered technological advancement a key component to West Virginia's economic development. He established the Nick J. Rahall, II High Technology Corridors Program, through which he promoted a sustainable approach to economic development by working with local communities to focus on small business and entrepreneurial advancement along major interstates. Rahall additionally helped to establish technology centers at Concord University in Athens, at Greenbrier Valley Airport in Lewisburg, and at the Raleigh County Airport near Beckley.","Proud of his Lebanese-Protestant heritage, he worked to ensure positive relationships between the Middle East and the United States.  He soon became the senior of the few Arab-American lawmakers on Capitol Hill. He became well known for his expertise in foreign policy and was active in dealing with Middle Eastern affairs. He was the co-chair of the 1996 Arab-American tribute at the Democratic National Convention and a member of the board of directors for the American Task Force for Lebanon. He was nominated as an honorary of the Middle East Policy Council's National Advisory Committee and worked closely with several other D.C.-based organizations, such as the National Association of Arab-Americans, the Arab-American Institute, and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. Throughout his career, he accompanied and led a number of congressional delegation trips to the region. \nIn 2014, Rahall faced fellow Democrat Richard Ojeda in the primary election, coming out ahead with more than sixty-five percent of the vote, but he lost the general election to Republican Evan Jenkins.","Sources: ","Cama, Timothy. \"Dem Rahall loses House seat after 38 years.\" The Hill. November 4, 2014. Accessed September 2016\nhttp://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/222908-rahall-loses-house-seat-in-west-virginia","\"Congressman Rahall to Al-Nashra.\" Al-Nashra. November-December 1996. \n\"Nick Rahall.\" The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Accessed September 2016 http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates/view/nick-rahall--WV-H.","\"Rahall, Nick Joe, II (1949-).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2017 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000011.","\"U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall: Representing West Virginia's Third Congressional District.\" The Spirit of Beckley: Congressman Nick J. Rahall II, 2007 Community Service Award. 2007. ","Wallace, Jim. \"Nick Joe Rahall.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. December 2015. Accessed September 2016 http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1963."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4118, Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, Christian Vieweg, Shannon Rowe, Dzondria Tarver, Ashley Brooker","The Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f256808487385caf174dfc6b5232d43\"\u003eNick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Nick Joe Rahall II (b.1949) represented West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives for nineteen terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1977-January 3, 2015. From 2007-2011, he was chair of the Committee on Natural Resources. From 1971-1974, he was a staff member in the United States Senate Office of the Majority Whip, and he was a delegate to both the 1972 and 1976 Democratic National Conventions. The bulk of the Congressman Nick Joe Rahall II papers document his 38-year career in the United States House of Representatives."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1f011dedf3ebd96ac2358da217630965\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources","Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining and Natural Resources"],"persname_ssim":["Rahall, Nick J., 1949-"],"language_ssim":["Materials almost entirely in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2067,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:19:41.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4_c01_c04_c204"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"text":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material","10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes","Box 43a","Item 10","VHS Tape"],"title_filing_ssi":"10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes","title_ssm":["10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes"],"title_tesim":["10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988 April"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["10 - Workshop III Hindman, Kentucky, Tape 0, Addie's Scenes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":302,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 43a","Item 10"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["VHS Tape"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#183","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1610.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195886","title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1997","1951-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1951-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"text":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610","Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)","West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  ","This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"places_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 June 5. ","Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 July 11.","Transfer from West Virginia University Art Museum, 2022 April 29."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play, \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including \u003ctitle\u003eJohn Henry\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eOle Miz Dacey\u003c/title\u003e. Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelect audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41a071f25400b148208ada4216a47db7\"\u003eMaryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_59b034a3f262570e93a472c5cb053744\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1537,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c184"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers","Artwork","Prints and Reproductions","Political cartoons"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers","Artwork","Prints and Reproductions","Political cartoons"],"text":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers","Artwork","Prints and Reproductions","Political cartoons","11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons","box 72","Artifact 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons","title_ssm":["11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons"],"title_tesim":["11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["11 1/2 x 17\" reproductions of various political cartoons"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":913,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"containers_ssim":["box 72","Artifact 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1000","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1000.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/138991","title_filing_ssi":"Oliphant, Patrick artwork and papers","title_ssm":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"title_tesim":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16492","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1000"],"text":["MSS 16492","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1000","Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers","The collection is open for research use.","Patrick Bruce \"Pat\" Oliphant, born July 24, 1935, is an Australian-born American artist whose career spanned more than sixty years. He began his art career in 1955, drawing cartoons and illustrations for Adelaide's The Advertiser newspaper. In 1964, Oliphant moved to the United States and became the cartoonist at the Denver Post, and by 1965 his work was syndicated internationally by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate. Oliphant was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1967. In 1975 he moved to the Washington Star and joined the Universal Press Syndicate. In 1979 Oliphant was naturalized as an American citizen. When the Star went out of business in 1981, Oliphant decided to remain independent, living off the earnings from his syndication. He was the first political cartoonist in the twentieth century to work independently from a home newspaper, a situation that provided him with significant independence from editorial control. By 1983 Oliphant was the most widely syndicated American political cartoonist, with his work appearing in more than 500 newspapers. His body of work focuses mostly on American and global politics and culture; he is particularly known for his caricatures of American presidents and other world leaders. While he is most well known as a political cartoonist, over the course of his career Oliphant also produced dozens of bronze sculptures, along with many other drawings and paintings. He retired in 2015.","Source: Wikipedia contributors. \"Pat Oliphant.\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Jan. 2022. Web. 18 Jan. 2022.","Drawings of varying size, political cartoons, sculpture, books, framed items, scrapbooks, sketchbooks, slides, video tapes, and news clippings.","The Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers collection contains materials documenting the life and work of artist Patrick Oliphant. It covers his career as a political cartoonist from 1955 to 2015, including thousands of original cartoon drawings. It also includes examples of his other artistic works, like sculptures, sketches, paintings, lithographs, and other drawings. Oliphant's artwork, especially the political cartoons, cover a wide variety of political and cultural topics, both in the United States and across the globe and could be useful to researchers interested in many aspects of political and social history in the second half of the 20th century. ","The collection also includes materials that provide insight into the creation and promotion of exhibits of Oliphant's work, travel and speaking engagements, and business papers documenting sales of his artwork. It contains personal papers and correspondence, including a large number of letters from the public. Photographs also provide insight into the creation and promotion of Oliphant's pieces. The collection also contains audiovisual materials, consisting mostly of interviews with Oliphant. ","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16492","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"collection_ssim":["Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acccesion number ViU-2018-0074, purchase 19 April 2018 from Patrick B. and Susan Conway Oliphant."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["80 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatrick Bruce \"Pat\" Oliphant, born July 24, 1935, is an Australian-born American artist whose career spanned more than sixty years. He began his art career in 1955, drawing cartoons and illustrations for Adelaide's The Advertiser newspaper. In 1964, Oliphant moved to the United States and became the cartoonist at the Denver Post, and by 1965 his work was syndicated internationally by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate. Oliphant was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1967. In 1975 he moved to the Washington Star and joined the Universal Press Syndicate. In 1979 Oliphant was naturalized as an American citizen. When the Star went out of business in 1981, Oliphant decided to remain independent, living off the earnings from his syndication. He was the first political cartoonist in the twentieth century to work independently from a home newspaper, a situation that provided him with significant independence from editorial control. By 1983 Oliphant was the most widely syndicated American political cartoonist, with his work appearing in more than 500 newspapers. His body of work focuses mostly on American and global politics and culture; he is particularly known for his caricatures of American presidents and other world leaders. While he is most well known as a political cartoonist, over the course of his career Oliphant also produced dozens of bronze sculptures, along with many other drawings and paintings. He retired in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Wikipedia contributors. \"Pat Oliphant.\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Jan. 2022. Web. 18 Jan. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Patrick Bruce \"Pat\" Oliphant, born July 24, 1935, is an Australian-born American artist whose career spanned more than sixty years. He began his art career in 1955, drawing cartoons and illustrations for Adelaide's The Advertiser newspaper. In 1964, Oliphant moved to the United States and became the cartoonist at the Denver Post, and by 1965 his work was syndicated internationally by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate. Oliphant was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1967. In 1975 he moved to the Washington Star and joined the Universal Press Syndicate. In 1979 Oliphant was naturalized as an American citizen. When the Star went out of business in 1981, Oliphant decided to remain independent, living off the earnings from his syndication. He was the first political cartoonist in the twentieth century to work independently from a home newspaper, a situation that provided him with significant independence from editorial control. By 1983 Oliphant was the most widely syndicated American political cartoonist, with his work appearing in more than 500 newspapers. His body of work focuses mostly on American and global politics and culture; he is particularly known for his caricatures of American presidents and other world leaders. While he is most well known as a political cartoonist, over the course of his career Oliphant also produced dozens of bronze sculptures, along with many other drawings and paintings. He retired in 2015.","Source: Wikipedia contributors. \"Pat Oliphant.\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Jan. 2022. Web. 18 Jan. 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS16492 Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers, box number, folder number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MS16492 Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers, box number, folder number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawings of varying size, political cartoons, sculpture, books, framed items, scrapbooks, sketchbooks, slides, video tapes, and news clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers collection contains materials documenting the life and work of artist Patrick Oliphant. It covers his career as a political cartoonist from 1955 to 2015, including thousands of original cartoon drawings. It also includes examples of his other artistic works, like sculptures, sketches, paintings, lithographs, and other drawings. Oliphant's artwork, especially the political cartoons, cover a wide variety of political and cultural topics, both in the United States and across the globe and could be useful to researchers interested in many aspects of political and social history in the second half of the 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials that provide insight into the creation and promotion of exhibits of Oliphant's work, travel and speaking engagements, and business papers documenting sales of his artwork. It contains personal papers and correspondence, including a large number of letters from the public. Photographs also provide insight into the creation and promotion of Oliphant's pieces. The collection also contains audiovisual materials, consisting mostly of interviews with Oliphant. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawings of varying size, political cartoons, sculpture, books, framed items, scrapbooks, sketchbooks, slides, video tapes, and news clippings.","The Patrick Oliphant artwork and papers collection contains materials documenting the life and work of artist Patrick Oliphant. It covers his career as a political cartoonist from 1955 to 2015, including thousands of original cartoon drawings. It also includes examples of his other artistic works, like sculptures, sketches, paintings, lithographs, and other drawings. Oliphant's artwork, especially the political cartoons, cover a wide variety of political and cultural topics, both in the United States and across the globe and could be useful to researchers interested in many aspects of political and social history in the second half of the 20th century. ","The collection also includes materials that provide insight into the creation and promotion of exhibits of Oliphant's work, travel and speaking engagements, and business papers documenting sales of his artwork. It contains personal papers and correspondence, including a large number of letters from the public. Photographs also provide insight into the creation and promotion of Oliphant's pieces. The collection also contains audiovisual materials, consisting mostly of interviews with Oliphant. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1924,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1000_c01_c02_c01_c03"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"text":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material","11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes","Box 43a","Item 11","VHS Tape"],"title_filing_ssi":"11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes","title_ssm":["11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes"],"title_tesim":["11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988 April"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["11 - Workshop III - Tape 2, Sat. Night / Mark's Scenes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":303,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 43a","Item 11"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["VHS Tape"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#184","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1610.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195886","title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1997","1951-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1951-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"text":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610","Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)","West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  ","This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"places_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 June 5. ","Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 July 11.","Transfer from West Virginia University Art Museum, 2022 April 29."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play, \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including \u003ctitle\u003eJohn Henry\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eOle Miz Dacey\u003c/title\u003e. Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelect audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41a071f25400b148208ada4216a47db7\"\u003eMaryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_59b034a3f262570e93a472c5cb053744\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1537,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c185"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"12 - Friday Afternoon - Workshop III #3, Final Scenes, Hindman","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c186","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. Audiovisual Material"],"text":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Series 3. 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"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 43a","Item 12"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["VHS Tape"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#185","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1610.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195886","title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1997","1951-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1951-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"text":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610","Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)","West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  ","This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"places_ssim":["Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 June 5. ","Gift from Lee, Robert, 1998 July 11.","Transfer from West Virginia University Art Museum, 2022 April 29."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. (42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play, \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including \u003ctitle\u003eJohn Henry\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eOle Miz Dacey\u003c/title\u003e. Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelect audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41a071f25400b148208ada4216a47db7\"\u003eMaryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_59b034a3f262570e93a472c5cb053744\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Audiovisual Material","13 - Workshop III - Tape #1 - Hindman, KY - Addie/Mark R's Scenes","Box 43a","Item 13","VHS Tape"],"title_filing_ssi":"13 - Workshop III - Tape #1 - Hindman, KY - Addie/Mark R's Scenes","title_ssm":["13 - Workshop III - Tape #1 - Hindman, KY - Addie/Mark R's Scenes"],"title_tesim":["13 - Workshop III - Tape #1 - Hindman, KY - Addie/Mark R's Scenes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988 April"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["13 - Workshop III - Tape #1 - Hindman, KY - Addie/Mark R's Scenes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":305,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"containers_ssim":["Box 43a","Item 13"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVHS Tape\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["VHS Tape"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#186","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1610.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195886","title_ssm":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1997","1951-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1951-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610"],"text":["A\u0026M 3300","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1610","Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers","Hinton (W. Va.)","New York (N.Y.)","West Virginia Feminist Activist Collection","Community theater","Community arts projects","Women authors, American   -- 20th century","Women in community organization","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. ","Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  ","This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert","English \n.    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(42 records cartons, 15 in. each); (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2.5 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 3.5 in.); (7 medium flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 1.5 in.); (5 large item boxes, 5 in. each); (1 small item box, 3 in.); (1 large clamshell box, 5 in.); (9 paintings, 1.5 in. each); (1 framed item, 0.5 in.); (1 plaster bust, 7 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["63.54 Linear Feet 63 ft. 6.5 in. 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"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play, \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including \u003ctitle\u003eJohn Henry\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eOle Miz Dacey\u003c/title\u003e. Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with \u003ctitle\u003eDOPE!\u003c/title\u003e and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maryat Lee was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project.  ","Maryat Lee was born as Mary Attaway Lee in Covington, Kentucky on May 26, 1923, to Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee. Maryat, as she came to be known, grew up with her musician mother, lawyer and businessman father, and two older brothers, John and Robert. ","She graduated from Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Bible History in 1945.","In the following years, Lee was employed in various jobs in New York City, including editing religious films, transcribing oral history tapes for Columbia University, and serving as an assistant to Margaret Mead at the Society for Applied Anthropology.  ","Inspired by a conversation with East Harlem storefront church ministers about declining local interest in religion and surging drug usage, Lee sought to become acquainted with the population of Harlem, a largely African American neighborhood in New York City. This led to the writing of her first play,  DOPE!  which began showings in storefront churches, on sidewalks, and in alleys in 1951, using the local people Lee had met in Harlem as actors. Interest in this street theater, as it would come to be known, faded quickly, but it set the foundation for much of Lee's later work. ","In 1957, she met and began a friendship with author Flannery O'Connor that would last until the latter's death in 1964. That same year, in 1957, she married Australian furniture designer David Foulkes Taylor in Japan. The couple parted ways soon after, and Taylor died in a car accident in Australia in 1965.   ","In 1966, Lee began a long business and romantic relationship with photographer Fran Belin, with whom she would go on to co-found the Women's Farm and EcoTheater.","She founded the East Harlem Soul and Latin Theater (SALT) in New York City in 1970, building upon her work with Harlem residents seventeen years prior. SALT used non-actors and encouraged audience reactions in opposition to what Lee viewed as the more stifling contemporary theater. ","Soon after, Lee parted ways with SALT after troupe members became discontented with the way she was handling copyright of the works produced, and the troupe dissolved two years later.  ","In 1971, Lee moved to Powley's Creek, West Virginia with Belin and founded the Women's Farm, as part of a wider Back-to-the-land movement that occurred in America in the 1960s and 1970s. The Women's Farm sought to provide a work retreat for artists and musicians and serve as the foundation for a new type of local theater.  ","During this time, Lee focused on learning about her local community in Hinton, West Virginia, and wrote plays inspired by what she heard, including  John Henry  and  Ole Miz Dacey . Both plays would be shown on Lee's farm and performed by youth from the Governor's Summer Youth Program, marking the beginning of EcoTheater in 1975.  ","EcoTheater, described by Lee as \"indigenous Appalachian theater\" produced plays based on oral histories collected from the local community, and as with  DOPE!  and SALT, used non-actors in its performances.  ","In 1984, Lee moved to Lewisburg, West Virginia, where she worked on her EcoTheater Workbook. From 1987 to 1989, Lee focused her energies on producing several theater workshops in West Virginia and Kentucky. ","Maryat Lee passed away at her home in Lewisburg, West Virginia on September 18, 1989, while working on her EcoTheater Workbook.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maryat Lee, Playwright, Papers, A\u0026M 3300, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelect audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection mostly contains materials created and collected by Maryat Lee between 1951 and 1989 during her work on a wide variety of art and theatre projects, including Street and Latin Theater (SALT), the Women's Farm, and EcoTheater. Also present in the collection are materials created by Maryat Lee's parents, Grace Barbee Dyer Lee and Dewitt Collins Lee between 1910 and 1945. Materials present beyond Maryat Lee's death in 1989 consist of various EcoTheater and the Women's Farm administrative and promotional writings. ","Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt. ","The collection is divided into seven series based upon Maryat Lee's original folder labeling and the prevalence of certain subject matter. Due to the fact that Lee did not package the materials for donation herself, some boxes and folders within the series are physically out of order in relation to their intellectual arrangement. Addendum are also split between series. ","Series 1. Writings: This series contains writings by Maryat Lee outside of her workshops and various programs, such as notes and manuscripts. ","Series 2. Subjects: This series contains materials labeled as \"subjects\" by Maryat Lee. It includes correspondence and research materials mostly related to individuals involved in theater, writing, and publishing. ","Series 3. Audiovisual Material: This series contains reels, VHS, and cassette tapes created by Maryat Lee or one of her associates. The audiovisual material contains music, plays, family gatherings, workshops, board meetings, and presentations. Box 62 is an addendum of 2005/04/12.","Series 4. Theater Programs and Workshops: This series contains working papers from Maryat Lee's involvement in a wide variety of theater and theater-adjacent programs. Most prominent in this series are materials relating to Soul and Latin Theater (SOUL), the Women's Farm, EcoTheater, the Governor's Summer Youth Program (GSYP), theater workshops, and prison theater programs. Materials include grant applications, correspondence, newspaper articles, manuscripts, notes, proposals, press releases, newsletters, and photographs. Boxes 59-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 5. Personal: This series contains materials personal to Maryat Lee. It includes materials related to her family and friends outside of their associations with Maryat's various theater programs. Included are photographs, photo slides, negatives, correspondence, scrapbooks, journals, medical information, drawings, and planners. Boxes 58-61 are an addendum of 1998/07/22. Boxes 63-64 are an addendum of an unknown date. ","Series 6. Publications: This series contains published plays collected, but not written, by Maryat Lee.","Series 7. Paintings and Busts: This series contains nine paintings by Maryat Lee and a plaster bust of Maryat Lee. Paintings 7-8 are an addendum of 2022/04/29. ","This collection was reprocessed on 2024/11/07. A crosswalk between the original organization and the new organization is available upon request. ","Select audiovisual materials have been digitized. Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41a071f25400b148208ada4216a47db7\"\u003eMaryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Maryat Lee (1923-1989) was an American playwright and theater director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theater. She pioneered street theater in Harlem and later founded EcoTheater in West Virginia, a community-based theater project. Materials include reports, newsletters, correspondence, newspaper clippings, photographs, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, posters, manuscripts, notes, scripts, screenplays, published plays, genealogical research, journals, drawings, and paintings. Also present is a piece of stained glass created by Lee, a dress worn by Lee, and an EcoTheater T-Shirt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_59b034a3f262570e93a472c5cb053744\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum","Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Art Museum"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Maryat, 1923-1989","Lee, Robert"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1537,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:14:58.776Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1610_c03_c187"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1592 Tremont St: Boston","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection","Project Drawings","Street number/address"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection","Project Drawings","Street number/address"],"text":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection","Project Drawings","Street number/address","1592 Tremont St: Boston"],"title_filing_ssi":"1592 Tremont St: Boston","title_ssm":["1592 Tremont St: Boston"],"title_tesim":["1592 Tremont St: Boston"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1592 Tremont St: Boston"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1988],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:37.482Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2173.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Joan Wood Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2001.039"],"text":["Ms.2001.039","Joan Wood Architectural Collection","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Collection is open for research.","The Joan Wood Architectural Collection is organized into two series: Biographical Information and Project Drawings. Project records are ordered alphabetically by client last name, with a few exceptions ordered by street number/address where no client name is given. Project photographs corresponding to a drawing file are stored separately with the other manuscript material.","The Joan Wood Architectural Accession is organized into the series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records. The series are recorded chronologically with a project index. ","Joan Wood, née Klawans, received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Chicago and a Bachelor of Architecture degree from M.I.T. in 1960. Following graduation, Wood established her own firm, Joan Wood Architects, in Boston in 1962. Most of the firm's work can be found in New England and is primarily residential, with some commercial and institutional work. Joan Wood Architects is now owned by her son and has since been renamed to \"Rose-Wood Architects.\" Wood's most notable work includes: Lodging House for the Working Homeless in Dorchester, the South End Community Health Center in Boston, and the \"Ice House\" in New Hampshire. Wood was a board member and vice-chair of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Design Selection Board, an alternate on the Boston Zoning Board of Appeals, building committee member and design review committee member for numerous urban projects and institutions, and was featured in the AIA Women in Architecture traveling exhibit and Boston Society for Architecture's (BSA) Women in Architecture exhibits yearly from 1987.","The Guide to the Joan Wood Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joan Wood Architectural Collection began in July 2023 and was completed in October 2023.","See also: Box 16, folder 94, \"Many More: Women in Architecture, 1978-1988,\" Exhibit Files and Panels.  Finding aid  available online.","This collection contains personal papers and biographical materials, professional papers, office records, and project records. Personal papers include student work and thesis work. Professional papers include slides of Wood's exhibits and lectures for the AIA. Office records include color slides and portfolio sheets for Joan Wood Associates. Project records include project notes, photographic materials, paper records, and drawings organized by client name.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains a mix of biographical information, project records, and architectural drawings. Records include drawings for 112 architectural projects from the architect Joan Wood and her Boston-based firm, Joan Wood Architects, along with some notes, correspondence, and project photographs. The later addition contains paper records, photographic materials, and design records for 73 named clients in the Boston area.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wood, Joan","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2001.039"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Joan Wood Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Joan"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Joan"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Joan"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Joan"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Riosaria Piomelli donated one folder of biographical material in 2000. A large additional donation was made in 2011 by Joan Wood's estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.92 Cubic Feet 1 half-document box and 15 telescoping boxes.","9.27 Cubic Feet 7 boxes and 6 oversized folders"],"extent_tesim":["7.92 Cubic Feet 1 half-document box and 15 telescoping boxes.","9.27 Cubic Feet 7 boxes and 6 oversized folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joan Wood Architectural Collection is organized into two series: Biographical Information and Project Drawings. Project records are ordered alphabetically by client last name, with a few exceptions ordered by street number/address where no client name is given. Project photographs corresponding to a drawing file are stored separately with the other manuscript material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Joan Wood Architectural Accession is organized into the series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records. The series are recorded chronologically with a project index. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Joan Wood Architectural Collection is organized into two series: Biographical Information and Project Drawings. Project records are ordered alphabetically by client last name, with a few exceptions ordered by street number/address where no client name is given. Project photographs corresponding to a drawing file are stored separately with the other manuscript material.","The Joan Wood Architectural Accession is organized into the series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records. The series are recorded chronologically with a project index. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Wood, née Klawans, received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Chicago and a Bachelor of Architecture degree from M.I.T. in 1960. Following graduation, Wood established her own firm, Joan Wood Architects, in Boston in 1962. Most of the firm's work can be found in New England and is primarily residential, with some commercial and institutional work. Joan Wood Architects is now owned by her son and has since been renamed to \"Rose-Wood Architects.\" Wood's most notable work includes: Lodging House for the Working Homeless in Dorchester, the South End Community Health Center in Boston, and the \"Ice House\" in New Hampshire. Wood was a board member and vice-chair of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Design Selection Board, an alternate on the Boston Zoning Board of Appeals, building committee member and design review committee member for numerous urban projects and institutions, and was featured in the AIA Women in Architecture traveling exhibit and Boston Society for Architecture's (BSA) Women in Architecture exhibits yearly from 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joan Wood, née Klawans, received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Chicago and a Bachelor of Architecture degree from M.I.T. in 1960. Following graduation, Wood established her own firm, Joan Wood Architects, in Boston in 1962. Most of the firm's work can be found in New England and is primarily residential, with some commercial and institutional work. Joan Wood Architects is now owned by her son and has since been renamed to \"Rose-Wood Architects.\" Wood's most notable work includes: Lodging House for the Working Homeless in Dorchester, the South End Community Health Center in Boston, and the \"Ice House\" in New Hampshire. Wood was a board member and vice-chair of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Design Selection Board, an alternate on the Boston Zoning Board of Appeals, building committee member and design review committee member for numerous urban projects and institutions, and was featured in the AIA Women in Architecture traveling exhibit and Boston Society for Architecture's (BSA) Women in Architecture exhibits yearly from 1987."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Guide to the Joan Wood Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The Guide to the Joan Wood Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joan Wood Architectural Collection, Ms2001-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joan Wood Architectural Collection, Ms2001-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Joan Wood Architectural Collection began in July 2023 and was completed in October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joan Wood Architectural Collection began in July 2023 and was completed in October 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: Box 16, folder 94, \"Many More: Women in Architecture, 1978-1988,\" Exhibit Files and Panels. \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2124\" title=\"Finding aid\"\u003eFinding aid\u003c/extref\u003e available online.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Box 16, folder 94, \"Many More: Women in Architecture, 1978-1988,\" Exhibit Files and Panels.  Finding aid  available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains personal papers and biographical materials, professional papers, office records, and project records. Personal papers include student work and thesis work. Professional papers include slides of Wood's exhibits and lectures for the AIA. Office records include color slides and portfolio sheets for Joan Wood Associates. Project records include project notes, photographic materials, paper records, and drawings organized by client name.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains personal papers and biographical materials, professional papers, office records, and project records. Personal papers include student work and thesis work. Professional papers include slides of Wood's exhibits and lectures for the AIA. Office records include color slides and portfolio sheets for Joan Wood Associates. Project records include project notes, photographic materials, paper records, and drawings organized by client name."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_71d26fa4571a2777c3259a1a894d1619\"\u003eThis collection contains a mix of biographical information, project records, and architectural drawings. Records include drawings for 112 architectural projects from the architect Joan Wood and her Boston-based firm, Joan Wood Architects, along with some notes, correspondence, and project photographs. The later addition contains paper records, photographic materials, and design records for 73 named clients in the Boston area.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a mix of biographical information, project records, and architectural drawings. Records include drawings for 112 architectural projects from the architect Joan Wood and her Boston-based firm, Joan Wood Architects, along with some notes, correspondence, and project photographs. The later addition contains paper records, photographic materials, and design records for 73 named clients in the Boston area."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wood, Joan"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Joan"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:37.482Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2173_c02_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1961 Billboard, Top Rock N' Roll Hits, Rhino","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMade on Recordable Music CD-ROM Disc\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02_c27","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_79","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_79_c08_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 83"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. Collection","Series VIII: Audio Visual","Sub-Series A: Compact Discs","Oversize Box 83"],"text":["Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International Network, Inc. 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At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. 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The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. 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Please consult a staff member for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection are closed until January 1, 2033. Please consult a staff member for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: Series I: Personal; Series II: Rockmasters International Network Inc.; Series III: Songs; Series IV: Certificates; Series V: Contracts; Series VI: Royalties; Series VII: Court Cases; Series VIII: Audiovisual; Series IX: Memorabilia; and Series X: Artifacts and Equipment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026amp;B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Madeline Dietrich\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Guida and his wife Carmela T. \"Millie\" Guida were prominent figures in the Norfolk arts and business communities in the latter half of the 20th century. Frank is most remembered for his work as a music composer and producer and for creating what he dubbed the \"Norfolk Sound,\" which characterized a number of hit records from the early 1960s featuring Jimmy Soul, Gary U.S. Bonds, and other artists.","Frank J. Guida was born in Palermo, Sicily on May 26, 1922. At age two, his family immigrated to the West Bronx neighborhood of New York City where he grew up.  Millie (born Carmela Teresa Addesso on Sept. 11, 1924) who also grew up in New York City and graduated from Evander Childs High School. While in school, she attracted the attention of her teachers for her extraordinary singing voice and was strongly encouraged to study voice at New York's Juilliard School of Music, but World War II and marriage put her on a different path. She and Frank were married in 1942 and soon after Frank enlisted in the US Army. He was stationed at Port of Spain, Trinidad, where became interested in calypso music and performed as the \"Calypso Kid\" in the USO. After the war, he returned to NYC and continued his singing career performing at calypso clubs in New York's Harlem neighborhood. The Guidas moved to Norfolk in 1953 and opened Frankie's Birdland, a popular record store featuring jazz, R\u0026B and pop music records. Beyond that Frank was active in the local music scene promoting and managing musical acts and ultimately opening a series of recording studios. He had a Friday Night radio show on local station WLOW and hosted Frankie's Jazz Workshop on WTOV-TV Channel 27. He owned several record labels including Legrand and S.P.Q.R. He was an advocate for the local and national Italian American community, a business leader, and at times an outspoken commentator of Norfolk's City Council. For his work in promoting cultural and business ties between the United States and Italy, he was awarded the title of \"Cavaliere\" by the Italian Republic. After raising a family and living a fulfilling career in Norfolk Frank passed away on May 19, 2007. Millie passed the following year on March 20, 2008.","Frank Guida's career as a hit-maker began in 1959 when he co-wrote the song \"High School U.S.A.\" with Joe Royster and recorded it with Tommy Facenda on vocals. The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot 100 later that year. But it was the following year that Guida rose to greater notoriety as a producer with the release of \"New Orleans\" featuring Gary U.S. Bonds and which introduced Guida's characteristic overmodulated sound to the world. \"New Orleans\" reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the summer of 1960, and in 1961 Guida had his first #1 hit with \"Quarter to Three\" (Gary U.S. Bonds). Guida and Bonds had several more Billboard hits in 1961-1962. Guida again had a #1 hit in 1963 with \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" co-written by Joe Royster and Millie Guida and featuring Jimmy Soul on vocals. Frank's achievements in the arts, business, and cross-cultural endeavors made him a true Renaissance man, a description that would have pleased him given his life-long admiration of Leonardo DaVinci.","Note written by Madeline Dietrich"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Frank and Carmela Guida/Rockmasters International, Inc. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was processed by Mona Farrow, Kathleen Smith, and Madeline Dietrich from July 2016 through May 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains both the personal papers of Frank and Carmela Guida, as well as the records of Frank's music business, including Rockmasters International Network Inc. The bulk of the collection consists of the records related to Rockmasters International Network, Inc. and includes correspondence, administrative records, photographs of artists and Guida's record stores, audiovisual material produced by Guida, and recording equipment used by Guida while recording the music he produced. The rest of the collection consists of the personal papers of the Guidas including corresponence, their involvement in the Italian-American Community, and plays and other writings authored by Frank Guida."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_117ebc98b796fc1ba94521c1db2cd862\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. Guida, his community service, creative endeavors and his work in creating the \"Norfolk Sound.\" Most of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative documents, publications, articles, research materials, technical manuals, photographs, audio-visual items, and recording equipment in regard to Frank J. 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