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This collection is of special interest to scholars interested in the University of Virginia's clinical investigation during the 1960s-70s on diabetes and endocrinology; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies (and other organizations sponsoring basic research) and physicians; the effect of and response to federal legislation of the early 1970s which regulated prescription writing; the role of the pharmacist and their relationship to the physician; the interaction of the University of Virginia's department of medicine with the hospital's lab/pathology department; and the use of free samples from drug companies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John A. Owen, Jr. Papers consist of 15 boxes of archival material including letters, research notes, and documentation, and other items which reflect his professional activities from 1951-1995. 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This collection is of special interest to scholars interested in the University of Virginia's clinical investigation during the 1960s-70s on diabetes and endocrinology; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies (and other organizations sponsoring basic research) and physicians; the effect of and response to federal legislation of the early 1970s which regulated prescription writing; the role of the pharmacist and their relationship to the physician; the interaction of the University of Virginia's department of medicine with the hospital's lab/pathology department; and the use of free samples from drug companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:59.701Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c03_c37"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1987 Department of Medicine, 1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05","parent_ssim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998","SERIES 5: Photographs and Artifacts"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_171","viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"1987 Department of Medicine","title_ssm":["1987 Department of Medicine"],"title_tesim":["1987 Department of Medicine"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1987 Department of Medicine, 1987"],"text":["1987 Department of Medicine, 1987","Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998","SERIES 5: Photographs and Artifacts","2 photo, 1 TD","box 041","folder 087"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998","SERIES 5: Photographs and Artifacts"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998","SERIES 5: Photographs and Artifacts"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":616,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 photo, 1 TD"],"containers_ssim":["box 041","folder 087"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access may be partially restricted to some materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Some use restrictions may apply."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#87","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_171","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_171.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/134701","title_ssm":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1947/1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998"],"text":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998","MS-18","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/171","22 linear feet containing 43 boxes: 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, and 1 artifact box: 46 cm x 39.5 cm x 8 cm. Processed materials total 12,305 items. Additional 2 linear feet containing 2 boxes: 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, and 1 artifact box 40 cm x 32 cm x 27. After the completion of additions processed in 2019, the collection contains 47 boxes.","may be partially restricted to some materials.","Series Description: This collection is organized into five principal series, as follows: 1.) Professional Organizations \u0026 Activities (9 boxes). 2.) Lectures \u0026 Presentations (1 box). 3.) History of UVa Department of Medicine, by Byrd S. Leavell (2 boxes). 4.) Office Files, alphabetically arranged (28 boxes). 5.) Photographs \u0026 Artifacts (4 boxes).","A sixth series containing mainly photographs and artifacts was added in October 2019. These two boxes are arranged by photographs and then by date. The materials accessioned in November 2019 were added to the sixth series by date. Items in this container were added to the end of Box 46 or filed in earlier boxes as appropriate. Duplicates were discarded.","Edward Watson Hook, Jr. was born in Sumter, South Carolina on August 10, 1924. He was the only child of school teacher parents. He obtained a B.S. degree from Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina and then attended Yale University as a participant in the U.S. Army Specialized Training program. He received an M.D. degree from Emory School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia in 1949. He served his internship at University Hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota and was an assistant resident and chief resident in medicine at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1951 to 1953 he served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. He taught medicine at Emory University and Johns Hopkins University before becoming the Head of the Division of Infectious Disease at Cornell University Medical College in New York in July 1959. In 1966, Hook was a visiting professor at the University of Bahia School of Medicine in Salvador, Brazil. In 1969 he was appointed Henry B. Mulholland Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Virginia and chaired the department for 21 years. In 1996 Hook was presented with the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest award given at the University of Virginia. Hook married Jessie Dale Thurecht on June 14, 1949. They had four children, Edward W. III, Susan Dale, Margaret Jane, and Robert Randall. Hook died unexpectedly of a coronary blood clot on October 5, 1998 at the age of 74.","Dr. Hook was involved in a great many organizations and endeavors outside of UVA. He took a leading role in several specialty and subspecialty societies and in organizations concerned with physician education and training. Hook was president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America during 1975-76, was chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was a charter member of the editorial board of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, and was a chair of the board of directors of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program from 1978 to 1988. A former president of the Association of Professors of Medicine, Dr. Hook served on the American Board of Internal Medicine from 1979 to 1987 and chaired its committee on the Evaluation of Clinical Competence.","A fellow of the American College of Physicians (ACP) since 1962 and its president in 1985, Dr. Hook also served as the College's governor in Virginia and on its board of regents. He visited the People's Republic of China in 1979 as a member of the ACP's first teaching delegation to that country. Hook authored over 130 publications. He received distinction early in his career for his research on the pathogenesis of salmonella and other intestinal infections.","Administration duties of running Internal Medicine took up the bulk of Hook's professional time. During his years as chairman, he built up the department of internal medicine, recruited highly trained division leaders, and initiated several programs that benefited the School of Medicine. In 1969 he founded an international health exchange program with the Federal University of Ceará in Brazil. He also developed and led UVa's hospital ethics committee. He began a primary care residency program in medicine and started a faculty-teaching practice program in Orange County. During the 1970s and 80s, Hook was a national leader in internal-medicine manpower, clinical skills evaluation, and the fostering of humanitarian attributes among physicians. Hook was keenly interested in teaching medical students.","After retiring from the chair of the department in 1990, Hook founded the humanities in medicine program. This program offered talks, concerts, and short courses for medical students. He also helped lead the Medical Center Hour, a weekly conference covering health issues. Hook was also chair of the Arts program which used art work to beautify the hospital.","Processed by: \n        Susan Swasta and Sara Huyser, Historical Collections Staff","Duplicates found in the additional boxes donated in 2016 and 2019 were not processed into the collection.","The Edward Watson Hook papers reflect his wide-ranging professional activities related to heading the Department of Internal Medicine, participating in the larger Health System/University processes, and pursuing his own research and external activities. The documents detail Hook's direct personal participation in professional organizations and also show the wide range of details he coordinated in running the department of internal medicine. A noteworthy aspect of the collection includes an unpublished History of the Department of Medicine written by Byrd Leavell. Hook read and critiqued the manuscript, but Leavell died before completing the book. Also, Hook conducted a series of interviews with Thomas H. Hunter which complement with the Thomas H. Hunter papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.","Some use restrictions may apply.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998"],"collection_ssim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. papers, 1947/1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-18","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/171"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-18","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/171"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Some use restrictions may apply."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were acquired from the Program of Humanities in Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Career related memorabilia, including certificates, photographs, plaques and paperweights were donated by Dr. Hook's daughters on March 10, 2016. Additional materials were transferred to Historical Collections by Marcia Childress on November 9, 1019."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["22 linear feet containing 43 boxes: 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, and 1 artifact box: 46 cm x 39.5 cm x 8 cm. Processed materials total 12,305 items. Additional 2 linear feet containing 2 boxes: 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, and 1 artifact box 40 cm x 32 cm x 27. After the completion of additions processed in 2019, the collection contains 47 boxes."],"extent_ssm":["19.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["19.45 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003emay be partially restricted to some materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["may be partially restricted to some materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nSeries Description: This collection is organized into five principal series, as follows: 1.) Professional Organizations \u0026amp; Activities (9 boxes). 2.) Lectures \u0026amp; Presentations (1 box). 3.) History of UVa Department of Medicine, by Byrd S. Leavell (2 boxes). 4.) Office Files, alphabetically arranged (28 boxes). 5.) Photographs \u0026amp; Artifacts (4 boxes).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nA sixth series containing mainly photographs and artifacts was added in October 2019. These two boxes are arranged by photographs and then by date. The materials accessioned in November 2019 were added to the sixth series by date. Items in this container were added to the end of Box 46 or filed in earlier boxes as appropriate. Duplicates were discarded.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series Description: This collection is organized into five principal series, as follows: 1.) Professional Organizations \u0026 Activities (9 boxes). 2.) Lectures \u0026 Presentations (1 box). 3.) History of UVa Department of Medicine, by Byrd S. Leavell (2 boxes). 4.) Office Files, alphabetically arranged (28 boxes). 5.) Photographs \u0026 Artifacts (4 boxes).","A sixth series containing mainly photographs and artifacts was added in October 2019. These two boxes are arranged by photographs and then by date. The materials accessioned in November 2019 were added to the sixth series by date. Items in this container were added to the end of Box 46 or filed in earlier boxes as appropriate. Duplicates were discarded."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nEdward Watson Hook, Jr. was born in Sumter, South Carolina on August 10, 1924. He was the only child of school teacher parents. He obtained a B.S. degree from Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina and then attended Yale University as a participant in the U.S. Army Specialized Training program. He received an M.D. degree from Emory School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia in 1949. He served his internship at University Hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota and was an assistant resident and chief resident in medicine at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1951 to 1953 he served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. He taught medicine at Emory University and Johns Hopkins University before becoming the Head of the Division of Infectious Disease at Cornell University Medical College in New York in July 1959. In 1966, Hook was a visiting professor at the University of Bahia School of Medicine in Salvador, Brazil. In 1969 he was appointed Henry B. Mulholland Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Virginia and chaired the department for 21 years. In 1996 Hook was presented with the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest award given at the University of Virginia. Hook married Jessie Dale Thurecht on June 14, 1949. They had four children, Edward W. III, Susan Dale, Margaret Jane, and Robert Randall. Hook died unexpectedly of a coronary blood clot on October 5, 1998 at the age of 74.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Hook was involved in a great many organizations and endeavors outside of UVA. He took a leading role in several specialty and subspecialty societies and in organizations concerned with physician education and training. Hook was president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America during 1975-76, was chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was a charter member of the editorial board of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, and was a chair of the board of directors of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program from 1978 to 1988. A former president of the Association of Professors of Medicine, Dr. Hook served on the American Board of Internal Medicine from 1979 to 1987 and chaired its committee on the Evaluation of Clinical Competence.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nA fellow of the American College of Physicians (ACP) since 1962 and its president in 1985, Dr. Hook also served as the College's governor in Virginia and on its board of regents. He visited the People's Republic of China in 1979 as a member of the ACP's first teaching delegation to that country. Hook authored over 130 publications. He received distinction early in his career for his research on the pathogenesis of salmonella and other intestinal infections.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAdministration duties of running Internal Medicine took up the bulk of Hook's professional time. During his years as chairman, he built up the department of internal medicine, recruited highly trained division leaders, and initiated several programs that benefited the School of Medicine. In 1969 he founded an international health exchange program with the Federal University of Ceará in Brazil. He also developed and led UVa's hospital ethics committee. He began a primary care residency program in medicine and started a faculty-teaching practice program in Orange County. During the 1970s and 80s, Hook was a national leader in internal-medicine manpower, clinical skills evaluation, and the fostering of humanitarian attributes among physicians. Hook was keenly interested in teaching medical students.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAfter retiring from the chair of the department in 1990, Hook founded the humanities in medicine program. This program offered talks, concerts, and short courses for medical students. He also helped lead the Medical Center Hour, a weekly conference covering health issues. Hook was also chair of the Arts program which used art work to beautify the hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Watson Hook, Jr. was born in Sumter, South Carolina on August 10, 1924. He was the only child of school teacher parents. He obtained a B.S. degree from Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina and then attended Yale University as a participant in the U.S. Army Specialized Training program. He received an M.D. degree from Emory School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia in 1949. He served his internship at University Hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota and was an assistant resident and chief resident in medicine at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1951 to 1953 he served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. He taught medicine at Emory University and Johns Hopkins University before becoming the Head of the Division of Infectious Disease at Cornell University Medical College in New York in July 1959. In 1966, Hook was a visiting professor at the University of Bahia School of Medicine in Salvador, Brazil. In 1969 he was appointed Henry B. Mulholland Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Virginia and chaired the department for 21 years. In 1996 Hook was presented with the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest award given at the University of Virginia. Hook married Jessie Dale Thurecht on June 14, 1949. They had four children, Edward W. III, Susan Dale, Margaret Jane, and Robert Randall. Hook died unexpectedly of a coronary blood clot on October 5, 1998 at the age of 74.","Dr. Hook was involved in a great many organizations and endeavors outside of UVA. He took a leading role in several specialty and subspecialty societies and in organizations concerned with physician education and training. Hook was president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America during 1975-76, was chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was a charter member of the editorial board of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, and was a chair of the board of directors of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program from 1978 to 1988. A former president of the Association of Professors of Medicine, Dr. Hook served on the American Board of Internal Medicine from 1979 to 1987 and chaired its committee on the Evaluation of Clinical Competence.","A fellow of the American College of Physicians (ACP) since 1962 and its president in 1985, Dr. Hook also served as the College's governor in Virginia and on its board of regents. He visited the People's Republic of China in 1979 as a member of the ACP's first teaching delegation to that country. Hook authored over 130 publications. He received distinction early in his career for his research on the pathogenesis of salmonella and other intestinal infections.","Administration duties of running Internal Medicine took up the bulk of Hook's professional time. During his years as chairman, he built up the department of internal medicine, recruited highly trained division leaders, and initiated several programs that benefited the School of Medicine. In 1969 he founded an international health exchange program with the Federal University of Ceará in Brazil. He also developed and led UVa's hospital ethics committee. He began a primary care residency program in medicine and started a faculty-teaching practice program in Orange County. During the 1970s and 80s, Hook was a national leader in internal-medicine manpower, clinical skills evaluation, and the fostering of humanitarian attributes among physicians. Hook was keenly interested in teaching medical students.","After retiring from the chair of the department in 1990, Hook founded the humanities in medicine program. This program offered talks, concerts, and short courses for medical students. He also helped lead the Medical Center Hour, a weekly conference covering health issues. Hook was also chair of the Arts program which used art work to beautify the hospital."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by: \u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Swasta and Sara Huyser, Historical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: \n        Susan Swasta and Sara Huyser, Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Edward Watson Hook, Jr. Papers, 1947-1998,  #MS-18, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Edward Watson Hook, Jr. Papers, 1947-1998,  #MS-18, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates found in the additional boxes donated in 2016 and 2019 were not processed into the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicates found in the additional boxes donated in 2016 and 2019 were not processed into the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Edward Watson Hook papers reflect his wide-ranging professional activities related to heading the Department of Internal Medicine, participating in the larger Health System/University processes, and pursuing his own research and external activities. The documents detail Hook's direct personal participation in professional organizations and also show the wide range of details he coordinated in running the department of internal medicine. A noteworthy aspect of the collection includes an unpublished History of the Department of Medicine written by Byrd Leavell. Hook read and critiqued the manuscript, but Leavell died before completing the book. Also, Hook conducted a series of interviews with Thomas H. Hunter which complement with the Thomas H. Hunter papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Edward Watson Hook papers reflect his wide-ranging professional activities related to heading the Department of Internal Medicine, participating in the larger Health System/University processes, and pursuing his own research and external activities. The documents detail Hook's direct personal participation in professional organizations and also show the wide range of details he coordinated in running the department of internal medicine. A noteworthy aspect of the collection includes an unpublished History of the Department of Medicine written by Byrd Leavell. Hook read and critiqued the manuscript, but Leavell died before completing the book. Also, Hook conducted a series of interviews with Thomas H. Hunter which complement with the Thomas H. Hunter papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome use restrictions may apply.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some use restrictions may apply."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":836,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_171_c05_c88"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program, 1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29","parent_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Photographs and negatives","Legacy and departmental materials, 1857/2006","Radiology, 1959/1991"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_229","viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08","viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01","viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29"],"title_filing_ssi":"1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program","title_ssm":["1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program"],"title_tesim":["1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program, 1987"],"text":["1987 Graduates of the Radiology Technology Program, 1987","University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Photographs and negatives","Legacy and departmental materials, 1857/2006","Radiology, 1959/1991","box 26","folder 84"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Photographs and negatives","Legacy and departmental materials, 1857/2006","Radiology, 1959/1991"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Photographs and negatives","Legacy and departmental materials, 1857/2006","Radiology, 1959/1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":575,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 84"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access restrictions may apply to some photographic materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Some images may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0/components#28/components#2","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_229.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/134743","title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"text":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229","University of Virginia","All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.","RG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.","Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["20 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["RG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_128cff2466aa6ab0f80f49cd804eb6e4\"\u003eNote: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1821,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c08_c01_c29_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color, 1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219"],"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","parent_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_8_resources_183"],"title_filing_ssi":"1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color","title_ssm":["1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color"],"title_tesim":["1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color, 1987"],"text":["1987, Homecoming, (9) photos, 3 ½ x 5, color, 1987","University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007","box 18","folder 07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":219,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"containers_ssim":["box 18","folder 07"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#218","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:26.833Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_183","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_8_resources_183.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/164","title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"text":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007","2016Org02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/183","The papers are organized in two levels of description, series and chronology. Series description includes Board of Directors papers, Committee Series, Leadership Series, Financial Series, Fundraising Series, the Bice Lectureship series, Events Series, and the Scholarship/Awards Series. Box 11 begins chronological organization in this collection and contains obituaries of various members of the Alumni Association, publications from various SON alumnae, significant, various written histories and representative documents, Reports on the School of Nursing, individual folders for the graduating classes, class newsletters, cards, telegrams, letters, photos, financial records. Oversized Box F5 contains an 11x14 ledger recording cash receipts of Alumni Association membership dues from 1937 to 1947. In the back of this ledger are expense accounts. Scope and Content","The University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association was organized in 1916 with 31 charter members.  \"All graduates of the diploma, and undergraduate, graduate and certificate programs are members of the University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association\" (By-Laws, revised 1992). The organization has grown in membership and in service to the School of Nursing and the community. In 1951, in recognition of the School of Nursing's Golden Anniversary, the Alumnae sponsored several activities. In 1969 an executive secretary was employed by the association.  In 1975, after the death of Zula Mae Barber Bice (acting dean of School of Nursing 1961-1962), the Alumni Association helped establish the annual lectureship in Bice's honor. Under the leadership of Jeanette Lancaster, Dean of School of Nursing, 1989, the School of Nursing and the Alumni Association developed a vigorous partnership and created an Advisory Board in 1991 consisting of alumni, faculty, business and professional leaders who provide advice and support to the School of Nursing.","The aims of the Alumni Association, as stated by their by-laws (revised 1992), are to serve as a resource for nursing alumni, work closely with and assist the University of Virginia School of Nursing Administration through financial and organizational support, provide monetary support and provide opportunity for learning the Science of Nursing through sponsored programs. The leadership of this association consists of elected officers including a President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and two members at large, a Board of Directors which consists of five elected officers and two members at large, the employees of the association which consists of the Executive Director and Secretary and various committees. The organization is funded solely by the generous donations of the members and membership dues.","This collection consists of 17 boxes. The main characteristics of this collection are extensive correspondence, organizational papers including Board of Directors and various committee minutes and financial reports. Another strong characteristic of this collection are papers and photographs representing the social events within the Alumni Association and those sponsored by the Alumni Association involving the School of Nursing. Awards and Scholarships sponsored and presented by the Alumni Association are also represented in this collection.","The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association Collection, 1916/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016Org02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/183"],"unitid_tesim":["2016Org02","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/183"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"creators_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.4 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are organized in two levels of description, series and chronology. Series description includes Board of Directors papers, Committee Series, Leadership Series, Financial Series, Fundraising Series, the Bice Lectureship series, Events Series, and the Scholarship/Awards Series. Box 11 begins chronological organization in this collection and contains obituaries of various members of the Alumni Association, publications from various SON alumnae, significant, various written histories and representative documents, Reports on the School of Nursing, individual folders for the graduating classes, class newsletters, cards, telegrams, letters, photos, financial records. Oversized Box F5 contains an 11x14 ledger recording cash receipts of Alumni Association membership dues from 1937 to 1947. In the back of this ledger are expense accounts. Scope and Content\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are organized in two levels of description, series and chronology. Series description includes Board of Directors papers, Committee Series, Leadership Series, Financial Series, Fundraising Series, the Bice Lectureship series, Events Series, and the Scholarship/Awards Series. Box 11 begins chronological organization in this collection and contains obituaries of various members of the Alumni Association, publications from various SON alumnae, significant, various written histories and representative documents, Reports on the School of Nursing, individual folders for the graduating classes, class newsletters, cards, telegrams, letters, photos, financial records. Oversized Box F5 contains an 11x14 ledger recording cash receipts of Alumni Association membership dues from 1937 to 1947. In the back of this ledger are expense accounts. Scope and Content"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association was organized in 1916 with 31 charter members.  \"All graduates of the diploma, and undergraduate, graduate and certificate programs are members of the University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association\" (By-Laws, revised 1992). The organization has grown in membership and in service to the School of Nursing and the community. In 1951, in recognition of the School of Nursing's Golden Anniversary, the Alumnae sponsored several activities. In 1969 an executive secretary was employed by the association.  In 1975, after the death of Zula Mae Barber Bice (acting dean of School of Nursing 1961-1962), the Alumni Association helped establish the annual lectureship in Bice's honor. Under the leadership of Jeanette Lancaster, Dean of School of Nursing, 1989, the School of Nursing and the Alumni Association developed a vigorous partnership and created an Advisory Board in 1991 consisting of alumni, faculty, business and professional leaders who provide advice and support to the School of Nursing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The aims of the Alumni Association, as stated by their by-laws (revised 1992), are to serve as a resource for nursing alumni, work closely with and assist the University of Virginia School of Nursing Administration through financial and organizational support, provide monetary support and provide opportunity for learning the Science of Nursing through sponsored programs. The leadership of this association consists of elected officers including a President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and two members at large, a Board of Directors which consists of five elected officers and two members at large, the employees of the association which consists of the Executive Director and Secretary and various committees. The organization is funded solely by the generous donations of the members and membership dues.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association was organized in 1916 with 31 charter members.  \"All graduates of the diploma, and undergraduate, graduate and certificate programs are members of the University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association\" (By-Laws, revised 1992). The organization has grown in membership and in service to the School of Nursing and the community. In 1951, in recognition of the School of Nursing's Golden Anniversary, the Alumnae sponsored several activities. In 1969 an executive secretary was employed by the association.  In 1975, after the death of Zula Mae Barber Bice (acting dean of School of Nursing 1961-1962), the Alumni Association helped establish the annual lectureship in Bice's honor. Under the leadership of Jeanette Lancaster, Dean of School of Nursing, 1989, the School of Nursing and the Alumni Association developed a vigorous partnership and created an Advisory Board in 1991 consisting of alumni, faculty, business and professional leaders who provide advice and support to the School of Nursing.","The aims of the Alumni Association, as stated by their by-laws (revised 1992), are to serve as a resource for nursing alumni, work closely with and assist the University of Virginia School of Nursing Administration through financial and organizational support, provide monetary support and provide opportunity for learning the Science of Nursing through sponsored programs. The leadership of this association consists of elected officers including a President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and two members at large, a Board of Directors which consists of five elected officers and two members at large, the employees of the association which consists of the Executive Director and Secretary and various committees. The organization is funded solely by the generous donations of the members and membership dues."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia School of Nursing, Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry, Papers of the University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Nursing, Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry, Papers of the University of Virginia School of Nursing Alumni Association."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 17 boxes. The main characteristics of this collection are extensive correspondence, organizational papers including Board of Directors and various committee minutes and financial reports. Another strong characteristic of this collection are papers and photographs representing the social events within the Alumni Association and those sponsored by the Alumni Association involving the School of Nursing. Awards and Scholarships sponsored and presented by the Alumni Association are also represented in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 17 boxes. The main characteristics of this collection are extensive correspondence, organizational papers including Board of Directors and various committee minutes and financial reports. Another strong characteristic of this collection are papers and photographs representing the social events within the Alumni Association and those sponsored by the Alumni Association involving the School of Nursing. Awards and Scholarships sponsored and presented by the Alumni Association are also represented in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:26.833Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_183_c219"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction, 1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05","parent_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Planning documents and reports"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_212","viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction","title_ssm":["1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction"],"title_tesim":["1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction, 1987"],"text":["1988-1990 Biennium preplanning study for University of Virginia agency 207 for new construction, 1987","University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Planning documents and reports","BIR-522"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Planning documents and reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Planning documents and reports"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":165,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"containers_ssim":["BIR-522"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There may be restrictions on access to some of the planning documents and reports. Records in this series must be reviewed before access is given."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrcitions may apply."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_212.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/142986","title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-present"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"text":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212","University of Virginia","All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.","The UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.","Subdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:","Department and Legacy Collections\nAnnual Reports\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\nCommencement Records\nPlanning Documents and Reports\nMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Accreditation Files\nPhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\nPublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nPublications\nAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nStudent Organization Records and Publications\nWebpages\nOrganizational Charts\nPolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\nSyllabi and Other Course Materials\nMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\nFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCourse Schedules and Catalogs\nLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nAdmissions Publications\nFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\nFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nConference Programs and Reports\nLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nHistories and Biographical Files\nManagement Reports\nOther Reports (Historically Significant)\nMedical Student Records\nDirectories\nMeeting Minutes\nAwards and Honors\nLectures and Presentations\nRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]","Historical Overview of the School of Medicine","The School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations.","Dunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.","In the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.","Also of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.","By the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.","Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.","Rapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.","*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\".","Deans of the UVA School of Medicine","Richard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\nTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\nJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\nHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\nVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\nThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\nKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\nJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\nWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\nNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\nRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\nArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\nSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\nSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\nNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\nRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\nDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\nMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-","Prior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes.","Potentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution.","RG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\").","Materials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]","The UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.","Administrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.","Communications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.","Medical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.","The collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items.","The UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection.","Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["71 Linear Feet 11 Records boxes, 76 document boxes, and (approximately) 22 linear feet of bound material."],"extent_tesim":["71 Linear Feet 11 Records boxes, 76 document boxes, and (approximately) 22 linear feet of bound material."],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003col\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDepartment and Legacy Collections\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAnnual Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCommencement Records\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePlanning Documents and Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Accreditation Files\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePublications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eStudent Organization Records and Publications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eWebpages\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOrganizational Charts\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSyllabi and Other Course Materials\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCourse Schedules and Catalogs\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAdmissions Publications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eConference Programs and Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eHistories and Biographical Files\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eManagement Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOther Reports (Historically Significant)\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMedical Student Records\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDirectories\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMeeting Minutes\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAwards and Honors\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLectures and Presentations\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.","Subdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:","Department and Legacy Collections\nAnnual Reports\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\nCommencement Records\nPlanning Documents and Reports\nMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Accreditation Files\nPhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\nPublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nPublications\nAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nStudent Organization Records and Publications\nWebpages\nOrganizational Charts\nPolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\nSyllabi and Other Course Materials\nMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\nFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCourse Schedules and Catalogs\nLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nAdmissions Publications\nFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\nFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nConference Programs and Reports\nLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nHistories and Biographical Files\nManagement Reports\nOther Reports (Historically Significant)\nMedical Student Records\nDirectories\nMeeting Minutes\nAwards and Honors\nLectures and Presentations\nRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorical Overview of the School of Medicine\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbr\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations. \n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBy the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nRapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\". \n\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\nDeans of the UVA School of Medicine\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRichard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPrior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Historical Overview of the School of Medicine","The School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations.","Dunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.","In the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.","Also of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.","By the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.","Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.","Rapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.","*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\".","Deans of the UVA School of Medicine","Richard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\nTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\nJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\nHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\nVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\nThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\nKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\nJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\nWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\nNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\nRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\nArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\nSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\nSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\nNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\nRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\nDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\nMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-","Prior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePotentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Potentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["RG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\")."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.\u003c/p\u003e \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eCommunications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eMedical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.","Administrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.","Communications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.","Medical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.","The collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items.","The UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b76629f2a96d875f29b35869f044ff5b\"\u003eNote: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3420,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c05_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission","title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"title_tesim":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991"],"text":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission, 1984/1991","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1984-1991"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":20,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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(Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union","title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"title_tesim":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991"],"text":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union, 1987/1991","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1991"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":33,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20, 1986/1987","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia, the lawn\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","parent_ssim":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_149"],"title_filing_ssi":"1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20;","title_ssm":["1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20"],"title_tesim":["1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20, 1986/1987"],"text":["1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 19 and 20, 1986/1987","William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007","40 slides;","box 12","folder 012","Includes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia, the lawn"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William H. 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Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"physdesc_tesim":["40 slides;"],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 012"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia, the lawn\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia, the lawn"],"_nest_path_":"/components#208","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_149.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133","title_ssm":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"text":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007","MS.48","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/149","12 boxes, 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5,\" 5' 5\", 210 folders","Collection is open to research.","Boxes one through four contain personal and professional correspondence arranged alphabetically by name. Also included are news clippings about Dr. Muller. Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital.","Dr. William H. Muller, Jr. was born in Dillon, South Carolina, on August 19, 1919, graduated from the McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, earned his B.S. from The Citadel in 1940, and graduated from Duke University Medical School in 1943. Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.","He was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.","Dr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.","In addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. Dr. Muller served as an active member of the Executive Committee from 1974 to 1987.","In 1968 a group of his former residents created the Muller Surgical Society in his honor. He was the recipient of the Thomas Jefferson Award from the University of Virginia in 1982 and the Walter Reed Distinguished Achievement Award from the UVa Medical Alumni Association in 1997.","Married to Hildwin Clare for over 50 years and the father of three children, Dr. Muller retired in 1990. He died in Irvington, Virginia, at the age of 92, on April 19, 2012.","Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff","The collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. There is also a 25 page recollection of his time with Dr. Alfred Blalock, a UVa Surgery Department scrapbook, photos, and slides of the construction of the 1989 hospital.","There are no restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"collection_ssim":["William H. 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Muller, Jr. in March 2009."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["12 boxes, 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5,\" 5' 5\", 210 folders"],"extent_ssm":["4.58 Linear Feet 12 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.58 Linear Feet 12 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes one through four contain personal and professional correspondence arranged alphabetically by name. Also included are news clippings about Dr. Muller. Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes one through four contain personal and professional correspondence arranged alphabetically by name. Also included are news clippings about Dr. Muller. Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDr. William H. Muller, Jr. was born in Dillon, South Carolina, on August 19, 1919, graduated from the McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, earned his B.S. from The Citadel in 1940, and graduated from Duke University Medical School in 1943. Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. 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Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.","He was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.","Dr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.","In addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. Dr. Muller served as an active member of the Executive Committee from 1974 to 1987.","In 1968 a group of his former residents created the Muller Surgical Society in his honor. He was the recipient of the Thomas Jefferson Award from the University of Virginia in 1982 and the Walter Reed Distinguished Achievement Award from the UVa Medical Alumni Association in 1997.","Married to Hildwin Clare for over 50 years and the father of three children, Dr. Muller retired in 1990. He died in Irvington, Virginia, at the age of 92, on April 19, 2012."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Muller, Jr. Papers, MS-48, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William H. Muller, Jr. Papers, MS-48, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. There is also a 25 page recollection of his time with Dr. Alfred Blalock, a UVa Surgery Department scrapbook, photos, and slides of the construction of the 1989 hospital.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. There is also a 25 page recollection of his time with Dr. Alfred Blalock, a UVa Surgery Department scrapbook, photos, and slides of the construction of the 1989 hospital."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c209"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1989 UVa Hospital and environs, notebook pages 21 and 22, 1987","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia grounds\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","parent_ssim":["William H. 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Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"physdesc_tesim":["40 slides;"],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia grounds\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes overview of Medical Center complex, University of Virginia grounds"],"_nest_path_":"/components#209","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_149","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_149.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133","title_ssm":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007"],"text":["William H. Muller, Jr. papers, 1945/2007","MS.48","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/149","12 boxes, 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5,\" 5' 5\", 210 folders","Collection is open to research.","Boxes one through four contain personal and professional correspondence arranged alphabetically by name. Also included are news clippings about Dr. Muller. Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital.","Dr. William H. Muller, Jr. was born in Dillon, South Carolina, on August 19, 1919, graduated from the McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, earned his B.S. from The Citadel in 1940, and graduated from Duke University Medical School in 1943. Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.","He was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.","Dr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.","In addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. Dr. Muller served as an active member of the Executive Committee from 1974 to 1987.","In 1968 a group of his former residents created the Muller Surgical Society in his honor. He was the recipient of the Thomas Jefferson Award from the University of Virginia in 1982 and the Walter Reed Distinguished Achievement Award from the UVa Medical Alumni Association in 1997.","Married to Hildwin Clare for over 50 years and the father of three children, Dr. Muller retired in 1990. He died in Irvington, Virginia, at the age of 92, on April 19, 2012.","Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff","The collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. 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Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes one through four contain personal and professional correspondence arranged alphabetically by name. Also included are news clippings about Dr. Muller. Boxes five through nine contain correspondence and documents related to Dr. Muller's professional organizations and some of his lectures, again arranged alphabetically. The end of box 9 includes photos and miscellaneous clippings. Box 10 contains documents and photos related to the 1989 hospital planning and ground-breaking. Box 11 contains pages from Dr. Muller's scrapbook which covers 1967-1972 and also an architectural drawing of the Medical Center area. Box 12 is stored in the Historical Collections Vault and contains slides showing the progression of the construction process of the 1989 University of Virginia Hospital."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDr. William H. Muller, Jr. was born in Dillon, South Carolina, on August 19, 1919, graduated from the McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, earned his B.S. from The Citadel in 1940, and graduated from Duke University Medical School in 1943. Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. 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Muller trained under Dr. Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he did his internship and residencies in general surgery and cardiovascular surgery. From April 1946 to August 1947 he was a captain stationed overseas with the U.S. Army. He was then in private practice in Dillon for a year before returning to John Hopkins Hospital for further training. He served as an Instructor in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School for one year prior to taking the position of Assistant Professor of Surgery in 1949 at UCLA and helping to establish a new medical school with Dr. William Longmire. He served for a period of time as Chief of General Surgery and developed a cardiothoracic surgical program in the Harbor General Hospital and the St. John's Hospital because the UCLA Hospital had not yet been completed.","He was recruited to come to Charlottesville as Chair of the Department of Surgery and the S. Hurt Watts Professor in 1954. At that time the department had five faculty members. He recruited new faculty whom he helped develop and created a nationally recognized Department of Surgery. He served as Chair until 1982. Dr. Muller became Vice President for Health Affairs in 1976 and held that position until 1987 when he became Special Assistant to the President of the University. He was critical to the creation in 1980 of the Health Services Foundation, an organization that increased the money available for faculty salaries and for running the School of Medicine. He was also a driving force behind the construction of the new University of Virginia Hospital which opened in 1989.","Dr. Muller was a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. When Dr. Blalock operated on the first 'blue baby', a child with a congenital defect known as the \"tetralogy of Fallot,\" Dr. Muller was in the room. While in Los Angeles he developed the pulmonary artery banding procedure and was able to apply it to clinical cases. He shared the honor of being one of two surgeons who performed the earliest total aortic valve replacement in 1958 and designed his own Muller valve from Teflon.","In addition to his leadership in California, at the University of Virginia and in clinical medicine, Dr. Muller was involved in many national organizations. He was a founder of the Association for Academic Surgery. He was president of the Society of University Surgeons, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the Southern Surgical Association, and the American Surgical Association. He became a member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Surgeons in 1971, was made Chairman of the Board in 1976, and was President-elect in 1978. He served as President of the College in 1979-1980. Dr. Muller served as an active member of the Executive Committee from 1974 to 1987.","In 1968 a group of his former residents created the Muller Surgical Society in his honor. He was the recipient of the Thomas Jefferson Award from the University of Virginia in 1982 and the Walter Reed Distinguished Achievement Award from the UVa Medical Alumni Association in 1997.","Married to Hildwin Clare for over 50 years and the father of three children, Dr. Muller retired in 1990. He died in Irvington, Virginia, at the age of 92, on April 19, 2012."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Muller, Jr. Papers, MS-48, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William H. Muller, Jr. Papers, MS-48, Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. There is also a 25 page recollection of his time with Dr. Alfred Blalock, a UVa Surgery Department scrapbook, photos, and slides of the construction of the 1989 hospital.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes personal and professional correspondence. Some are family letters, most are professionally related. Included University of Virginia correspondents are John T. Ashley, Robert M. Carey, Rose M. Chioni, Kenneth Crispell, Don E. Detmer, Richard F. Edlich, Frank L. Hereford, R. Scott Jones, Norman J. Knorr, and Robert M. O'Neil. Correspondents outside of UVa include W. G. Anlyan, Willard E. Goodwin, Hiram C. Polk, Mark M. Ravitch, Jonathan E. Rhoads, Robert S. Sparkman, H. William Scott, and Richard L. Varco. Dr. Muller was a member of many organizations and some of those are represented here including the American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Halsted Society, Medical Society of Virginia, Muller Surgical Society, Society of University Surgeons, Southern Society for Clinical Research, and Southern Surgical Association. There is also a 25 page recollection of his time with Dr. Alfred Blalock, a UVa Surgery Department scrapbook, photos, and slides of the construction of the 1989 hospital."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_149_c210"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":4985},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","value":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=8th+Evacuation+Hospital+collection%2C+1941%2F2011\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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