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The agency's total service area included approximately 4,400 residents.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, William Byrd Community House, M 259, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, William Byrd Community House, M 259, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the history, camps, committees and programs, the Oregon Hill Project, reports and budgets of the William Byrd Community House. 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At the present time, the WBCH is comprised of three integral parts: Community House activities and WBCH Field and Gymnasium, both funded by the United Way of Greater Richmond, and Arent's Free Public Library whose operating costs are paid by the St. Andrew's Association, Trustees of Miss Arent's Estate.","\"The area served by the WBCH is bounded by the James River on the south, Belvidere Street on the east, Main Street on the north and Randolph Street on the west. 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The agency's total service area included approximately 4,400 residents.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, William Byrd Community House, M 259, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, William Byrd Community House, M 259, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the history, camps, committees and programs, the Oregon Hill Project, reports and budgets of the William Byrd Community House. There are also a small number of slides that show the houses involved in the housing projects of Oregon Hill and other programs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the history, camps, committees and programs, the Oregon Hill Project, reports and budgets of the William Byrd Community House. There are also a small number of slides that show the houses involved in the housing projects of Oregon Hill and other programs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["William Byrd Community House (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","William Byrd Community House (Richmond, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","William Byrd Community House (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":507,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:33.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_116_c04_c81"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04_c174","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Youth Orchestra","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04_c174#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04_c174","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04_c174"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04_c174","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","vircu_repositories_5_resources_114_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Symphony records","Planning/Operations"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Symphony records","Planning/Operations"],"text":["Richmond Symphony records","Planning/Operations","Youth Orchestra","box 33"],"title_filing_ssi":"Youth Orchestra","title_ssm":["Youth Orchestra"],"title_tesim":["Youth Orchestra"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Youth Orchestra"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":740,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to Series I must by granted in writing by the Executive Director of the Richmond Symphony."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 33"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#173","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_114","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_114.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond Symphony records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 257","/repositories/5/resources/114"],"text":["M 257","/repositories/5/resources/114","Richmond Symphony records","Symphony orchestras -- Virginia -- Richmond","Access to Series I must by granted in writing by the Executive Director of the Richmond Symphony.","The materials are arranged alphabetically within each series except Correspondence, which is arranged first chronologically and then alphabetically. Series I--Personnel (1969-1981); Subseries: Musicians, Guest Artists, Staff, Applicants for Positions; Series II--Concerts (1973-1981); Series III--Programs/Brochures (1962-1980); Series IV--Planning/Operations (1965-1982); Series V--Correspondence (1973-1982); Series VI--Oversized Materials (1980). Located in oversize area.","Virginia's capitol had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930's; but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part-time \"Little Symphony\" into a full-time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in-school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state. In 1987 the orchestra welcomed its third director, the young George Manahan from the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra. The Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center). These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts. The Symphony's season runs approximately from October to April.","The collection consists of correspondence, contracts, and publicity materials, chiefly from the 1970's. Most of the material focuses on the artistic and financial arrangements made for each season's performances, though considerable attention is also given to special programs, public relations, and fundraising activities. Individual files detail the association with the Symphony of both members and guest artists. These may include personal data as well as professional details.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 257","/repositories/5/resources/114"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Symphony records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Symphony records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond Symphony"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"creators_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by The Board of the Richmond Symphony 10 March 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Symphony orchestras -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Symphony orchestras -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to Series I must by granted in writing by the Executive Director of the Richmond Symphony.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to Series I must by granted in writing by the Executive Director of the Richmond Symphony."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged alphabetically within each series except Correspondence, which is arranged first chronologically and then alphabetically. Series I--Personnel (1969-1981); Subseries: Musicians, Guest Artists, Staff, Applicants for Positions; Series II--Concerts (1973-1981); Series III--Programs/Brochures (1962-1980); Series IV--Planning/Operations (1965-1982); Series V--Correspondence (1973-1982); Series VI--Oversized Materials (1980). Located in oversize area.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged alphabetically within each series except Correspondence, which is arranged first chronologically and then alphabetically. Series I--Personnel (1969-1981); Subseries: Musicians, Guest Artists, Staff, Applicants for Positions; Series II--Concerts (1973-1981); Series III--Programs/Brochures (1962-1980); Series IV--Planning/Operations (1965-1982); Series V--Correspondence (1973-1982); Series VI--Oversized Materials (1980). Located in oversize area."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia's capitol had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930's; but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part-time \"Little Symphony\" into a full-time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in-school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state. In 1987 the orchestra welcomed its third director, the young George Manahan from the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra. The Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center). These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts. The Symphony's season runs approximately from October to April.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia's capitol had its own symphony orchestra for a brief period in the 1930's; but the present Richmond Symphony dates from 1956, when it was founded as a community orchestra. Edgar Schenkman led the orchestra as its music director and conductor from its founding until 1971, when direction was taken over by French conductor Jacques Houtmann. The Symphony expanded greatly during Houtmann's sixteen years of leadership, achieving regional orchestra status and turning its part-time \"Little Symphony\" into a full-time Sinfonia in 1973. The first such professional symphonic ensemble to be established in Virginia, the Richmond Sinfonia proceeded to expand its schedule, particularly in the area of in-school concerts for Virginia's school children. Further performing flexibility was lent by the Symphony's String, Brass, and Woodwind Ensembles. The development of student concerts and the sponsorship of youth orchestras rounded out the Symphony's extensive involvement with music education in the state. In 1987 the orchestra welcomed its third director, the young George Manahan from the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra. The Richmond Symphony continues to be the largest performing arts organization in Virginia. Concert series, both classical and popular, are held in the Richmond Mosque and the Virginia Center for the Performing Arts (Carpenter Center). These and other special performances are supported by foundations, private donations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts. The Symphony's season runs approximately from October to April."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond Symphony Archives, M 257, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond Symphony Archives, M 257, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, contracts, and publicity materials, chiefly from the 1970's. Most of the material focuses on the artistic and financial arrangements made for each season's performances, though considerable attention is also given to special programs, public relations, and fundraising activities. Individual files detail the association with the Symphony of both members and guest artists. These may include personal data as well as professional details.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, contracts, and publicity materials, chiefly from the 1970's. Most of the material focuses on the artistic and financial arrangements made for each season's performances, though considerable attention is also given to special programs, public relations, and fundraising activities. Individual files detail the association with the Symphony of both members and guest artists. These may include personal data as well as professional details."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Symphony"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Symphony"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 23"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#84","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:36.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_715","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_715","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_715","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_715","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_715.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0061"],"text":["UA 0061","Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records","Child abuse -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Abused children -- Services for -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Child Welfare -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Missing children -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Newsletters","Letters (correspondence)","Bibliographies","Annual reports","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Physical copies of the Virginia Child Protection Newsletter are cataloged separately and are available upon request.","Some letters of a sensitive nature were removed by the transferring office pending approval for their inclusion with redaction. Location of letters are noted at the file level. Additionally, printouts of Google search results for \"Virginia Child Protection Newsletter\" or similar phrases were discarded. \"VCPN on the Web\" contained a grouping of materials termed \"mentions,\" \"other mentions,\" and \"reprints\" which comprised web citations (dead links), reprinted articles, etc. in which VCPN articles are mentioned, cited, or reprinted were not retained. Reference lists of the reprinted articles, etc. were retained and filed under the Reference Lists series. CDs and floppy disks comprising draft articles and graphics printed in the physical newsletters were discarded as well.","Series 1: Correspondence and Requests, 1981- 2017","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence and Complimentary Notes","Subseries 1.2: Requests for Reprints and Back Issues","Series 2: Reference Lists, 1927-2010","Series 3: Year-end Reports and Grant Summaries, 1990-2010","The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) was originally published by the University of Virginia, with the support of the Bureau of Child Protective Services, Virginia Department of Welfare, beginning in 1974. In 1981, VCPN was transferred to James Madison University when Dr. Joann Grayson and student, Charlotte McNulty, won a bid from the Department of Social Services to take over the newsletter. Each newsletter focuses on one or more topics in child welfare and spotlights local organizations in Virginia that are dedicated to the issue's related topic. Topics included physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; missing children; and the impacts of drugs and alcohol. Some of the articles provide a survey of literature, address current and practice issues, or discuss grants for Virginia community projects. The VCPN was mailed to about 13,000 agencies and individuals in Virginia and across the United States.","Dr. Joann Hess Grayson joined James Madison University in 1975 through the Department of Psychology. In addition to her role as editor of the VCPN, she worked full-time as a professor and supervisor for Psychology 202- Introductory Field Work up until her retirement in 2011. At this time, Debbie Sturm, Professor in the Department of Graduate Psychology, became the new editor of the VCPN. As of 2023, VCPN is no longer in print.","Much of the collection was transferred in binders. Materials were removed and re-foldered according to original order and groupings.","Virginia child protection newsletter (Harrisonburg, Va.). (1981-). James Madison University, Center for Child Abuse Education, Psychology Dept.","The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence and complimentary notes, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for the sources used in each volume, year-end reports, grant summaries, and select physical copies of newsletters.","Volumes 1-3 of Child Abuse and Neglect: The Problem and Its Management were separated and catalogued.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for each volume, year-end reports, and grant summaries.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0061"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Child Protection Newsletter records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Joann Grayson, professor and psychologist from JMU's Department of Psychology, transferred the bulk of the collection on April 5, 2017. There were then additional transfers in April and May 2017, one of which included two boxes from Wanda Baker."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Child abuse -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Abused children -- Services for -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Child Welfare -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Missing children -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Newsletters","Letters (correspondence)","Bibliographies","Annual reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Child abuse -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Abused children -- Services for -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Child Welfare -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Missing children -- Virginia -- Periodicals","Newsletters","Letters (correspondence)","Bibliographies","Annual reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.48 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.48 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newsletters","Letters (correspondence)","Bibliographies","Annual reports"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhysical copies of the Virginia Child Protection Newsletter are cataloged separately and are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Physical copies of the Virginia Child Protection Newsletter are cataloged separately and are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome letters of a sensitive nature were removed by the transferring office pending approval for their inclusion with redaction. Location of letters are noted at the file level. Additionally, printouts of Google search results for \"Virginia Child Protection Newsletter\" or similar phrases were discarded. \"VCPN on the Web\" contained a grouping of materials termed \"mentions,\" \"other mentions,\" and \"reprints\" which comprised web citations (dead links), reprinted articles, etc. in which VCPN articles are mentioned, cited, or reprinted were not retained. Reference lists of the reprinted articles, etc. were retained and filed under the Reference Lists series. CDs and floppy disks comprising draft articles and graphics printed in the physical newsletters were discarded as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Some letters of a sensitive nature were removed by the transferring office pending approval for their inclusion with redaction. Location of letters are noted at the file level. Additionally, printouts of Google search results for \"Virginia Child Protection Newsletter\" or similar phrases were discarded. \"VCPN on the Web\" contained a grouping of materials termed \"mentions,\" \"other mentions,\" and \"reprints\" which comprised web citations (dead links), reprinted articles, etc. in which VCPN articles are mentioned, cited, or reprinted were not retained. Reference lists of the reprinted articles, etc. were retained and filed under the Reference Lists series. CDs and floppy disks comprising draft articles and graphics printed in the physical newsletters were discarded as well."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence and Requests, 1981- 2017\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: Correspondence and Complimentary Notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Requests for Reprints and Back Issues\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Reference Lists, 1927-2010\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Year-end Reports and Grant Summaries, 1990-2010\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Correspondence and Requests, 1981- 2017","Subseries 1.1: Correspondence and Complimentary Notes","Subseries 1.2: Requests for Reprints and Back Issues","Series 2: Reference Lists, 1927-2010","Series 3: Year-end Reports and Grant Summaries, 1990-2010"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) was originally published by the University of Virginia, with the support of the Bureau of Child Protective Services, Virginia Department of Welfare, beginning in 1974. In 1981, VCPN was transferred to James Madison University when Dr. Joann Grayson and student, Charlotte McNulty, won a bid from the Department of Social Services to take over the newsletter. Each newsletter focuses on one or more topics in child welfare and spotlights local organizations in Virginia that are dedicated to the issue's related topic. Topics included physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; missing children; and the impacts of drugs and alcohol. Some of the articles provide a survey of literature, address current and practice issues, or discuss grants for Virginia community projects. The VCPN was mailed to about 13,000 agencies and individuals in Virginia and across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Joann Hess Grayson joined James Madison University in 1975 through the Department of Psychology. In addition to her role as editor of the VCPN, she worked full-time as a professor and supervisor for Psychology 202- Introductory Field Work up until her retirement in 2011. At this time, Debbie Sturm, Professor in the Department of Graduate Psychology, became the new editor of the VCPN. As of 2023, VCPN is no longer in print.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administration History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) was originally published by the University of Virginia, with the support of the Bureau of Child Protective Services, Virginia Department of Welfare, beginning in 1974. In 1981, VCPN was transferred to James Madison University when Dr. Joann Grayson and student, Charlotte McNulty, won a bid from the Department of Social Services to take over the newsletter. Each newsletter focuses on one or more topics in child welfare and spotlights local organizations in Virginia that are dedicated to the issue's related topic. Topics included physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; missing children; and the impacts of drugs and alcohol. Some of the articles provide a survey of literature, address current and practice issues, or discuss grants for Virginia community projects. The VCPN was mailed to about 13,000 agencies and individuals in Virginia and across the United States.","Dr. Joann Hess Grayson joined James Madison University in 1975 through the Department of Psychology. In addition to her role as editor of the VCPN, she worked full-time as a professor and supervisor for Psychology 202- Introductory Field Work up until her retirement in 2011. At this time, Debbie Sturm, Professor in the Department of Graduate Psychology, became the new editor of the VCPN. As of 2023, VCPN is no longer in print."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Child Protection Newsletter Records, 1927-2017, UA 0061, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Child Protection Newsletter Records, 1927-2017, UA 0061, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection was transferred in binders. Materials were removed and re-foldered according to original order and groupings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Much of the collection was transferred in binders. Materials were removed and re-foldered according to original order and groupings."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia child protection newsletter (Harrisonburg, Va.). (1981-). James Madison University, Center for Child Abuse Education, Psychology Dept.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia child protection newsletter (Harrisonburg, Va.). (1981-). James Madison University, Center for Child Abuse Education, Psychology Dept."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence and complimentary notes, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for the sources used in each volume, year-end reports, grant summaries, and select physical copies of newsletters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence and complimentary notes, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for the sources used in each volume, year-end reports, grant summaries, and select physical copies of newsletters."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVolumes 1-3 of Child Abuse and Neglect: The Problem and Its Management were separated and catalogued.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Volumes 1-3 of Child Abuse and Neglect: The Problem and Its Management were separated and catalogued."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c3f7fda0728f285169e85d523221823a\"\u003eThe Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for each volume, year-end reports, and grant summaries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Child Protection Newsletter (VCPN) Records, 1927-2017, comprise eight boxes of materials related to the publication and distribution of the newsletter. The collection contains correspondence, requests for reference materials and back issues, reference lists for each volume, year-end reports, and grant summaries."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Department of Psychology. Center for Child Abuse Education"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":162,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:36.248Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_715_c02_c85"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers","1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers","1981"],"text":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers","1981","YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:","box 25","folder 49"],"title_filing_ssi":"YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:","title_ssm":["YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:"],"title_tesim":["YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["August 20-30, 1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YPO Groups in Tokyo and Hong Kong:"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":885,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["box 25","folder 49"],"_nest_path_":"/components#39/components#30","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:31:30.853Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1406.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kraft, Christopher C., Papers","title_ssm":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"title_tesim":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1998","1941-1982"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1941-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1985.001"],"text":["Ms.1985.001","Christopher C. Kraft Papers","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History","Aeronautical engineers","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","The collection is open for research.","For the most part, the collection in arranged in chronological order. Whenever the exact date is unknown, materials are filed at the end of the known month or year. Oversize drawings, sketches, blueprints, calculations, graphs, and charts were removed from the collection and are arranged in their original order in folders. Oversize newspaper clippings, for preservation purposes, are in a separate oversize folder.","Christopher Columbus Kraft, Jr. was born on February 28, 1924, in Phoebus, Virginia. He received his BS degree in aeronautical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in December 1944. ","Kraft joined the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1945 as a flight engineer. In October 1958, he was selected as one of the original members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Task Group, which had been established to manage Project Mercury, the nation's first project to put a man in space. In the early phases of Project Mercury, Kraft was a prime contributor to the development of many of the basic mission and flight control techniques used in manned space flight. He personally served as Flight Director for all the Mercury missions and many of the Gemini missions. During the latter phase of Project Mercury, he directed the design and implementation of the Mission Control Center at the Johnson Space Center (originally the Manned Spacecraft Center) in Houston, from which all of NASA's manned space flights have been conducted. Kraft was named deputy director of the Manned Spacecraft Center in 1970, and later director in 1972. He retired from NASA in 1982 and and subsequently served as a consultant for various corporations. In 2001, Kraft's autobiography,  Flight: My Life in Mission Control  was published. ","Kraft has been the recipient of a number of awards and honors, including three honorary doctorates (Indiana Institute of Technology, 1966; St. Louis University, 1967; and Villanova University, 1979); the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, 1963; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1969; the American Astronautical Society's Space Flight Award, 1970; and the Ambassador of Exploration Award, 2006. In 2011, the Johnson Space Center renamed its Mission Control Center the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center in his honor.","Kraft died on July 22, 2019, at the age of 95.","\nRecent News:\n NASA Names Mission Control for Legendary Flight Director Christopher Kraft, April 14, 2011 Air \u0026 Space Magazine Interview, March 17, 2010 Johnson Space Center Oral History Project","The guide to the Christopher C. Kraft Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Initial processing, arrangement, and description of the Christopher C. Kraft Papers was completed in the late 1980s. During 2010 and 2011, materials were re-foldered and oversize items were removed from boxes. The existing folder list was revised against the collection contents, and a new finding aid was created.","There are also collections from several individuals with whom Kraft worked or knew available at Special Collections and University Archives: ","Ms2024-064, Christopher Kraft and Neil Armstrong Collection","Ms2024-065, Christopher Kraft Letter to Elizabeth Plank","Ms1987-057, Melvin N. Gough Papers","Ms1990-053, Robert R. Gilruth Papers","Ms2005-019, William Hewitt Phillips Papers","There is an  oral history with Christopher C. Kraft , available online, in the VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015.","The Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for Kraft's autobiography. ","From Kraft's early years at Langley Flight Research Division, the collection includes notes, calculations, and drawings for many projects (testing the stability and control of the X-1, P-47 Thunderbolt, and P-51 H Mustang airplanes, for example). It also includes calculations and draft reports on the gust-alleviation system designed by Kraft and then-division head, William Hewitt Phillips. ","The collection contains heavily-annotated editions of \"Mission Rules\" for Project Mercury, extensive files of post-launch reports and astronaut debriefing transcripts from Kraft's early NASA years (1958-1970), as well as correspondence, notes, and memoranda. Materials from Kraft's later years at NASA (1970-1982) include professional notes, detailing meetings and telephone conversations, plus meeting agendas, memos, and other work documents. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for 2001 Kraft's autobiography. Kraft (1924-2019) graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1944 and went on to become NASA's first flight director and the director of the Johnson Space Center.","Please note:  The majority of this collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Oversize materials are on-site. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (1973-)","Project Mercury (U.S.)","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Manned Spacecraft Center (1961-1973) (U.S.)","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Project Gemini (U.S.)","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1985.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Christopher C. Kraft Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"creator_ssim":["Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"creators_ssim":["Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The majority of the collection was given to Newman Library in November 1985 and formally donated in April 1986. 14 Apollo photographs were donated in March 1971 and merged with the rest of the collection after its donation in 1985/1986. Additional materials were donated to Special Collections in December 2002 and January 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History","Aeronautical engineers","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History","Aeronautical engineers","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["28 Cubic Feet 27 boxes; 6 folders [plus 2 boxes of duplicate materials]"],"extent_tesim":["28 Cubic Feet 27 boxes; 6 folders [plus 2 boxes of duplicate materials]"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor the most part, the collection in arranged in chronological order. Whenever the exact date is unknown, materials are filed at the end of the known month or year. Oversize drawings, sketches, blueprints, calculations, graphs, and charts were removed from the collection and are arranged in their original order in folders. Oversize newspaper clippings, for preservation purposes, are in a separate oversize folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["For the most part, the collection in arranged in chronological order. Whenever the exact date is unknown, materials are filed at the end of the known month or year. Oversize drawings, sketches, blueprints, calculations, graphs, and charts were removed from the collection and are arranged in their original order in folders. Oversize newspaper clippings, for preservation purposes, are in a separate oversize folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristopher Columbus Kraft, Jr. was born on February 28, 1924, in Phoebus, Virginia. He received his BS degree in aeronautical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in December 1944. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKraft joined the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1945 as a flight engineer. In October 1958, he was selected as one of the original members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Task Group, which had been established to manage Project Mercury, the nation's first project to put a man in space. In the early phases of Project Mercury, Kraft was a prime contributor to the development of many of the basic mission and flight control techniques used in manned space flight. He personally served as Flight Director for all the Mercury missions and many of the Gemini missions. During the latter phase of Project Mercury, he directed the design and implementation of the Mission Control Center at the Johnson Space Center (originally the Manned Spacecraft Center) in Houston, from which all of NASA's manned space flights have been conducted. Kraft was named deputy director of the Manned Spacecraft Center in 1970, and later director in 1972. He retired from NASA in 1982 and and subsequently served as a consultant for various corporations. In 2001, Kraft's autobiography, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFlight: My Life in Mission Control\u003c/title\u003e was published. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKraft has been the recipient of a number of awards and honors, including three honorary doctorates (Indiana Institute of Technology, 1966; St. Louis University, 1967; and Villanova University, 1979); the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, 1963; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1969; the American Astronautical Society's Space Flight Award, 1970; and the Ambassador of Exploration Award, 2006. In 2011, the Johnson Space Center renamed its Mission Control Center the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKraft died on July 22, 2019, at the age of 95.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nRecent News:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/behindscenes/kraft_mcc.html\"\u003eNASA Names Mission Control for Legendary Flight Director Christopher Kraft, April 14, 2011\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/AS-Interview-Chris-Kraft.html\"\u003eAir \u0026amp; Space Magazine Interview, March 17, 2010\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www11.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/oral_histories.htm\"\u003eJohnson Space Center Oral History Project\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christopher Columbus Kraft, Jr. was born on February 28, 1924, in Phoebus, Virginia. He received his BS degree in aeronautical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in December 1944. ","Kraft joined the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1945 as a flight engineer. In October 1958, he was selected as one of the original members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Task Group, which had been established to manage Project Mercury, the nation's first project to put a man in space. In the early phases of Project Mercury, Kraft was a prime contributor to the development of many of the basic mission and flight control techniques used in manned space flight. He personally served as Flight Director for all the Mercury missions and many of the Gemini missions. During the latter phase of Project Mercury, he directed the design and implementation of the Mission Control Center at the Johnson Space Center (originally the Manned Spacecraft Center) in Houston, from which all of NASA's manned space flights have been conducted. Kraft was named deputy director of the Manned Spacecraft Center in 1970, and later director in 1972. He retired from NASA in 1982 and and subsequently served as a consultant for various corporations. In 2001, Kraft's autobiography,  Flight: My Life in Mission Control  was published. ","Kraft has been the recipient of a number of awards and honors, including three honorary doctorates (Indiana Institute of Technology, 1966; St. Louis University, 1967; and Villanova University, 1979); the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, 1963; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1969; the American Astronautical Society's Space Flight Award, 1970; and the Ambassador of Exploration Award, 2006. In 2011, the Johnson Space Center renamed its Mission Control Center the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center in his honor.","Kraft died on July 22, 2019, at the age of 95.","\nRecent News:\n NASA Names Mission Control for Legendary Flight Director Christopher Kraft, April 14, 2011 Air \u0026 Space Magazine Interview, March 17, 2010 Johnson Space Center Oral History Project"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Christopher C. Kraft Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Christopher C. Kraft Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Christopher C. Kraft Papers, Ms1985-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Christopher C. Kraft Papers, Ms1985-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInitial processing, arrangement, and description of the Christopher C. Kraft Papers was completed in the late 1980s. During 2010 and 2011, materials were re-foldered and oversize items were removed from boxes. The existing folder list was revised against the collection contents, and a new finding aid was created.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Initial processing, arrangement, and description of the Christopher C. Kraft Papers was completed in the late 1980s. During 2010 and 2011, materials were re-foldered and oversize items were removed from boxes. The existing folder list was revised against the collection contents, and a new finding aid was created."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are also collections from several individuals with whom Kraft worked or knew available at Special Collections and University Archives: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4279.xml\u0026amp;chunk.id=\u0026amp;toc.depth=1\u0026amp;toc.id=\u0026amp;brand=default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMs2024-064, Christopher Kraft and Neil Armstrong Collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4280.xml\u0026amp;chunk.id=\u0026amp;toc.depth=1\u0026amp;toc.id=\u0026amp;brand=default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMs2024-065, Christopher Kraft Letter to Elizabeth Plank\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1500.xml\"\u003eMs1987-057, Melvin N. Gough Papers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1786.xml\"\u003eMs1990-053, Robert R. Gilruth Papers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2291.xml\"\u003eMs2005-019, William Hewitt Phillips Papers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is an \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2016-015/Ms2016-015_ChrisKraft\"\u003eoral history with Christopher C. Kraft\u003c/a\u003e, available online, in the VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are also collections from several individuals with whom Kraft worked or knew available at Special Collections and University Archives: ","Ms2024-064, Christopher Kraft and Neil Armstrong Collection","Ms2024-065, Christopher Kraft Letter to Elizabeth Plank","Ms1987-057, Melvin N. Gough Papers","Ms1990-053, Robert R. Gilruth Papers","Ms2005-019, William Hewitt Phillips Papers","There is an  oral history with Christopher C. Kraft , available online, in the VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for Kraft's autobiography. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom Kraft's early years at Langley Flight Research Division, the collection includes notes, calculations, and drawings for many projects (testing the stability and control of the X-1, P-47 Thunderbolt, and P-51 H Mustang airplanes, for example). It also includes calculations and draft reports on the gust-alleviation system designed by Kraft and then-division head, William Hewitt Phillips. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains heavily-annotated editions of \"Mission Rules\" for Project Mercury, extensive files of post-launch reports and astronaut debriefing transcripts from Kraft's early NASA years (1958-1970), as well as correspondence, notes, and memoranda. Materials from Kraft's later years at NASA (1970-1982) include professional notes, detailing meetings and telephone conversations, plus meeting agendas, memos, and other work documents. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for Kraft's autobiography. ","From Kraft's early years at Langley Flight Research Division, the collection includes notes, calculations, and drawings for many projects (testing the stability and control of the X-1, P-47 Thunderbolt, and P-51 H Mustang airplanes, for example). It also includes calculations and draft reports on the gust-alleviation system designed by Kraft and then-division head, William Hewitt Phillips. ","The collection contains heavily-annotated editions of \"Mission Rules\" for Project Mercury, extensive files of post-launch reports and astronaut debriefing transcripts from Kraft's early NASA years (1958-1970), as well as correspondence, notes, and memoranda. Materials from Kraft's later years at NASA (1970-1982) include professional notes, detailing meetings and telephone conversations, plus meeting agendas, memos, and other work documents. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f060fdb2c6d658d612688594ca6b49b6\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for 2001 Kraft's autobiography. Kraft (1924-2019) graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1944 and went on to become NASA's first flight director and the director of the Johnson Space Center.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Christopher C. Kraft Papers consists of approximately 28 cu. ft. of manuscripts, particularly NACA and NASA reports and documents, meeting notes and agendas, and research materials. A later donation contains the manuscript for 2001 Kraft's autobiography. Kraft (1924-2019) graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1944 and went on to become NASA's first flight director and the director of the Johnson Space Center."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a44187eecd7e8bf882782b367173acd0\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e The majority of this collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Oversize materials are on-site. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  The majority of this collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Oversize materials are on-site. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (1973-)","Project Mercury (U.S.)","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Manned Spacecraft Center (1961-1973) (U.S.)","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Project Gemini (U.S.)","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (1973-)","Project Mercury (U.S.)","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Manned Spacecraft Center (1961-1973) (U.S.)","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Project Gemini (U.S.)","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (1973-)","Project Mercury (U.S.)","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Manned Spacecraft Center (1961-1973) (U.S.)","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Project Gemini (U.S.)","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Kraft, Christopher C. (Christopher Columbus), 1924-2019"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":937,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:31:30.853Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1406_c40_c31"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02_c103","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y. Tosa Notes","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02_c103#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02_c103","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02_c103"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02_c103","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"text":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files","Y. Tosa Notes","box 24","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y. Tosa Notes","title_ssm":["Y. Tosa Notes"],"title_tesim":["Y. Tosa Notes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y. Tosa Notes"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1066,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["box 24","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#102","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:40:35.358Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Marshak, Robert E., Papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.060"],"text":["Ms.1988.060","Robert E. Marshak Papers","Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)","Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.","Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online .","The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. ","Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.","The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.","Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. ","The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creators_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert E. Marshak Papers were donated to Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) in three separate donations. Series I, also known as the Rochester Conference Papers, were donated in 1989. The remainder of the collection (Series II-IX) was acquired by SCUA in 1989 and 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1988_060_MarshakRobertEPapers\"\u003eavailible online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is dividied into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Personal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Organizations and Research\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Audio Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Oversized Materials \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTeaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvents at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTypical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics\u003c/title\u003e (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180521195133/http://spec.lib.vt.edu/marshk/bio.htm\"\u003eA fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4m3nf11n/\"\u003eRobert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)\u003c/a\u003e are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026amp; Archives maintains the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A287920\"\u003eMarshak Collection\u003c/a\u003e, a digital collection of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_635d9808d6804b3f3d25c41245f53f24\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c2b6b4b53b3eb16993d115314b9ced29\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. 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