{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=3882","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=3881","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=3883","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=3906"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3882,"next_page":3883,"prev_page":3881,"total_pages":3906,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":38810,"total_count":39056,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_157_c12","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_157_c12#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis file includes reports dating to 1979 pertaining to the utilization and enrollments at the Wynne Lab School. 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Patterson - Wynne Lab School Records","Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments","box 01 of 01","This file includes reports dating to 1979 pertaining to the utilization and enrollments at the Wynne Lab School.  Some of the reports include date from multiple academic years (1978 – 1979 and 1979 – 1980)."],"title_filing_ssi":"Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments","title_ssm":["Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments"],"title_tesim":["Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1979 Academic Year"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wynne Campus School Utilization and Enrollments"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Charles H. 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Patterson - Wynne Lab School Records","Laboratory schools -- United States.","Education -- Study and teaching.","There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.","Dr. Charles H. Patterson, served as the chairman of the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy at Longwood College for 22 years (1951-1973). During his tenure as chair he established the Wynne Lab School and assisted with the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) site visit in spring 1983. Dr. Patterson also served as the Director of Graduate Programs (1973-1986 for 7 years. In March 1973, Dr. Patterson was made Board of Visitors Distinguished Professor of Education for his services to the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy and was made Emeritus Professor in March 1986 upon his retirement from Longwood College. Dr. Charles Patterson (October 11, 1924 - January 8, 2016) grew up in Waynesboro, Virginia. He was in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. Dr. Patterson received his Bachelors, Masters (1950) and Doctorate of Education (1958) from the University of Virginia. The Wynne Lab School is named for John Peter Wynne, the Director of Teacher Education during the 1920s when Longwood University was known as the State Teachers Collection at Farmville. The School was an elementary level laboratory or demonstration school, designed to provide future teachers with spaces to practice teaching skills, while being evaluated and monitored by college and university faculty. The Wynne Lab School was built in the late 1960 on Longwood College's campus and was open until the 1980s. After the Wynne Lab School closed, the Wynne Building was then used by different academic departments and was finally closed and demolished in 2006. The development of the Wynne Lab School spans the chairmanship of Dr. Charles H. Patterson, Chairman, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy (now the Department of Education), and three Longwood University Presidents Dr. Francis Greenfield Lankford (1955-1965), Dr. James Heflin Newman (1965-1967), and Dr. Henry Irving Willett, Jr. (1967-1981).","The materials in this collection originated in the office of Dr. Charles Patterson. It is not known when this collection was transferred to Greenwood Library. However, the transfer likely occurred after Dr. Patterson's retirement in 1986.","This collection consists of the records of Dr. Charles H. Patterson, Chairman, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy at Longwood College (now University). The collections consists of the correspondence (letters, memorandums, notes); reports; policies; budgets; floor plans and other documentation that pertains to the request for and construction of the Wynne Lab School on Longwood College's campus. The topics covered in this collection are for the need and justification of a laboratory or demonstration school; the construction of the Wynne building including the educational specifications for a laboratory school; and the operating and construction budgets. The majority of the correspondence is between Dr. Patterson; Dr. Henry I. Willett, Jr, President, Longwood College (1967-1981); Dr. Francis Lankford, President, Longwood College (1955-1965); Dr. James Newman, President, Longwood College (1965-1967); various Longwood College departments; the architect, Ben R. Jones; and the Virginia Council for Higher Education.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the request and justification for a demonstration or laboratory school.  This file also includes the correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the educational and physical specifications for a laboratory school.  There is also a set of letters from Dr. Charles H. Patterson to other universities and colleges requesting a site visit to observe their laboratory school programs and facilities.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the educational specifications for a laboratory school including the operational costs and budgets.  The file also includes a roster from the Laboratory School Administrators Association for 1967 – 1968 which Dr. Patterson was a member.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the planning and construction of a laboratory school such as the educational specifications, suggested changes to the floor plans, and policies pertaining to the student admissions to the John P. Wynne Lab School.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the Wynne Lab School planning such as the educational specifications, the floor plans with suggested changes, and policies pertaining to the student admission to the John P. Wynne Lab School.","This file includes a handwritten list of suggested changes for the laboratory school (dated September 11, 1968) and a schematic drawing (not dated).","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the construction bids and funding issues related to the Wynne Lab School.","This file includes a memorandum and spreadsheets pertaining to the Wynne Lab School's projected enrollments.","This file includes reports dating to 1979 pertaining to the utilization and enrollments at the Wynne Lab School.  Some of the reports include date from multiple academic years (1978 – 1979 and 1979 – 1980).","This file includes reports pertaining to laboratory schools at Longwood College, Virginia State University, and James Madison University.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters and memorandums) and reports pertaining to the justification for continuing to have a laboratory school.","This file includes reports and policies pertaining to the Wynne Lab School.  However, dates are unknown or cannot be inferred for these documents.","This file contains blue prints for the \"Proposed Site Layout, Campus Laboratory School, Longwood College, Farmville, Virginia, Ben R. Johns, Jr. Architect\", no date.","Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","Patterson, Charles H.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["LU.022","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Charles H. Patterson - Wynne Lab School Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Charles H. 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Patterson, served as the chairman of the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy at Longwood College for 22 years (1951-1973). During his tenure as chair he established the Wynne Lab School and assisted with the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) site visit in spring 1983. Dr. Patterson also served as the Director of Graduate Programs (1973-1986 for 7 years. In March 1973, Dr. Patterson was made Board of Visitors Distinguished Professor of Education for his services to the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy and was made Emeritus Professor in March 1986 upon his retirement from Longwood College. Dr. Charles Patterson (October 11, 1924 - January 8, 2016) grew up in Waynesboro, Virginia. He was in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. Dr. Patterson received his Bachelors, Masters (1950) and Doctorate of Education (1958) from the University of Virginia. The Wynne Lab School is named for John Peter Wynne, the Director of Teacher Education during the 1920s when Longwood University was known as the State Teachers Collection at Farmville. The School was an elementary level laboratory or demonstration school, designed to provide future teachers with spaces to practice teaching skills, while being evaluated and monitored by college and university faculty. The Wynne Lab School was built in the late 1960 on Longwood College's campus and was open until the 1980s. After the Wynne Lab School closed, the Wynne Building was then used by different academic departments and was finally closed and demolished in 2006. The development of the Wynne Lab School spans the chairmanship of Dr. Charles H. Patterson, Chairman, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy (now the Department of Education), and three Longwood University Presidents Dr. Francis Greenfield Lankford (1955-1965), Dr. James Heflin Newman (1965-1967), and Dr. Henry Irving Willett, Jr. (1967-1981).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical sketch"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Charles H. Patterson, served as the chairman of the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy at Longwood College for 22 years (1951-1973). During his tenure as chair he established the Wynne Lab School and assisted with the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) site visit in spring 1983. Dr. Patterson also served as the Director of Graduate Programs (1973-1986 for 7 years. In March 1973, Dr. Patterson was made Board of Visitors Distinguished Professor of Education for his services to the Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy and was made Emeritus Professor in March 1986 upon his retirement from Longwood College. Dr. Charles Patterson (October 11, 1924 - January 8, 2016) grew up in Waynesboro, Virginia. He was in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. Dr. Patterson received his Bachelors, Masters (1950) and Doctorate of Education (1958) from the University of Virginia. The Wynne Lab School is named for John Peter Wynne, the Director of Teacher Education during the 1920s when Longwood University was known as the State Teachers Collection at Farmville. The School was an elementary level laboratory or demonstration school, designed to provide future teachers with spaces to practice teaching skills, while being evaluated and monitored by college and university faculty. The Wynne Lab School was built in the late 1960 on Longwood College's campus and was open until the 1980s. After the Wynne Lab School closed, the Wynne Building was then used by different academic departments and was finally closed and demolished in 2006. The development of the Wynne Lab School spans the chairmanship of Dr. Charles H. Patterson, Chairman, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy (now the Department of Education), and three Longwood University Presidents Dr. Francis Greenfield Lankford (1955-1965), Dr. James Heflin Newman (1965-1967), and Dr. Henry Irving Willett, Jr. (1967-1981)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection originated in the office of Dr. Charles Patterson. It is not known when this collection was transferred to Greenwood Library. However, the transfer likely occurred after Dr. Patterson's retirement in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Ownership and Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials in this collection originated in the office of Dr. Charles Patterson. It is not known when this collection was transferred to Greenwood Library. However, the transfer likely occurred after Dr. Patterson's retirement in 1986."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the records of Dr. Charles H. Patterson, Chairman, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy at Longwood College (now University). The collections consists of the correspondence (letters, memorandums, notes); reports; policies; budgets; floor plans and other documentation that pertains to the request for and construction of the Wynne Lab School on Longwood College's campus. The topics covered in this collection are for the need and justification of a laboratory or demonstration school; the construction of the Wynne building including the educational specifications for a laboratory school; and the operating and construction budgets. The majority of the correspondence is between Dr. Patterson; Dr. Henry I. Willett, Jr, President, Longwood College (1967-1981); Dr. Francis Lankford, President, Longwood College (1955-1965); Dr. James Newman, President, Longwood College (1965-1967); various Longwood College departments; the architect, Ben R. Jones; and the Virginia Council for Higher Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the request and justification for a demonstration or laboratory school.  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The topics covered in this collection are for the need and justification of a laboratory or demonstration school; the construction of the Wynne building including the educational specifications for a laboratory school; and the operating and construction budgets. The majority of the correspondence is between Dr. Patterson; Dr. Henry I. Willett, Jr, President, Longwood College (1967-1981); Dr. Francis Lankford, President, Longwood College (1955-1965); Dr. James Newman, President, Longwood College (1965-1967); various Longwood College departments; the architect, Ben R. Jones; and the Virginia Council for Higher Education.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the request and justification for a demonstration or laboratory school.  This file also includes the correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the educational and physical specifications for a laboratory school.  There is also a set of letters from Dr. Charles H. Patterson to other universities and colleges requesting a site visit to observe their laboratory school programs and facilities.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) and reports pertaining to the educational specifications for a laboratory school including the operational costs and budgets.  The file also includes a roster from the Laboratory School Administrators Association for 1967 – 1968 which Dr. Patterson was a member.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the planning and construction of a laboratory school such as the educational specifications, suggested changes to the floor plans, and policies pertaining to the student admissions to the John P. Wynne Lab School.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the Wynne Lab School planning such as the educational specifications, the floor plans with suggested changes, and policies pertaining to the student admission to the John P. Wynne Lab School.","This file includes a handwritten list of suggested changes for the laboratory school (dated September 11, 1968) and a schematic drawing (not dated).","This file includes the business correspondence (letters, notes, memorandums) pertaining to the construction bids and funding issues related to the Wynne Lab School.","This file includes a memorandum and spreadsheets pertaining to the Wynne Lab School's projected enrollments.","This file includes reports dating to 1979 pertaining to the utilization and enrollments at the Wynne Lab School.  Some of the reports include date from multiple academic years (1978 – 1979 and 1979 – 1980).","This file includes reports pertaining to laboratory schools at Longwood College, Virginia State University, and James Madison University.","This file includes the business correspondence (letters and memorandums) and reports pertaining to the justification for continuing to have a laboratory school.","This file includes reports and policies pertaining to the Wynne Lab School.  However, dates are unknown or cannot be inferred for these documents.","This file contains blue prints for the \"Proposed Site Layout, Campus Laboratory School, Longwood College, Farmville, Virginia, Ben R. Johns, Jr. Architect\", no date."],"names_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","Patterson, Charles H."],"corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Patterson, Charles H."],"persname_ssim":["Patterson, Charles H."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. 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Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required.","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents","Series II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents","Series III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield. ","Series IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield","Series V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R","Series VI. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Central Records Library","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.\nSSS is Sub-sub-series.\nSSSS is Sub-sub-sub-series.","A. Edwin Martin","Split in two boxes.","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series. \nSSS is Sub-Sub series. \nSSSS is Sub-sub-sub-series.","Split in two boxes.","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Series","S is series","S is series","S is Series","S is series.","S is Series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series. \nSS is sub-series.","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","Arranged by docket number","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-Series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-Series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-Series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-Series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-Series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","I. Introduction","The history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.","II. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974  \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.","  A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026 Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.","III. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985","By 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.","  As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.","  In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.","  In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.","IV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989  \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.","  AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.","  The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.","  As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.","V. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001 Administration \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.","  The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"","  The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.","  The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.","  The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.","  During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.","  A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.","  As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.","  Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.","  For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.","  Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.","  The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.","  Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.","  By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.","Legal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.","  The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.","  In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.","  The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.","  Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.","  Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR, Reichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust , was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.","  In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.","  Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.","VI. Conclusion  \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century.","In 1975 a Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up to consolidate over one hundred Dalkon Shield personal injury tort cases pending in federal district courts in over a third of the states. The pretrial proceedings were held before U. S. District Judge Frank Theis in Wichita, Kansas. Bradley Post, a Wichita lawyer who had represented Connie Deemer, the first woman to win a verdict against Robins for her Dalkon Shield injuries, was chosen lead lawyer in the consolidated cases. Post led the court-ordered discovery proceedings that ran from 1976 through the late 1970s and resumed in 1981 and 1982.","  AHR was ordered to produce copies of tens of thousands of documents and to store them at the Richmond offices of McGuire, Woods \u0026 Battle, the law firm handling its defense. The collection of documents became known as the Source Files. Documents in the following subject categories were requested, copied and numbered at various times from 1976 through 1982: Research \u0026 Development, Adverse Reaction, Manufacturing, Administration, Commercial, Government, International, FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and Bibliography.","  In 1991, by administrative order, the Trust was directed to \"maintain a document depository in Richmond, Virginia, containing substantially all documents which the Trust, using its best efforts, has identified as having been produced without qualification by Robins in pre-petition Dalkon Shield personal injury tort litigation.\" The depository, to be made accessible to claimants and their attorneys, was comprised of documents previously in the custody of McGuire, Woods and was located at Datastor, a facility on the east end of the city.","  The A.H. Robins Company documents consist of the master group, the Source Files, produced under the direction of Judge Frank Theis in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In addition, there are a number of subsets of the Source Files gathered and arranged by plaintiffs' attorneys, and additional documents produced under orders from other judges in the mid-1980s.","According to a Trust memorandum, (see notebook labeled Background Information re Document Depository), AHR and its attorneys began collecting, reviewing, and copying these documents, later known as the Source Files, as early as 1975. In 1976 when the Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up, the range of documents was expanded to include information on Robins' international sales, and on its interactions with Hugh Davis, Robert Cohn, Thad Earl, and Irwin S. Lerner. Plaintiffs involved in the MDL proceedings were allowed access to all documents that were not privileged. The copies, held in Richmond in the custody of McGuire, Woods, were made from the original documents.","  The Law Library completed a project begun sometime ago to convert the Source Files to microform. Documents 1 through 171, 245 are available on microfiche; and 171,246 through 211, 892, on microfilm. Researchers may gain access to the Source File documents through any of its four indexes: document number, document date, name of document writer, and document type and date. The indexes are in three-ring notebooks, and on microfilm reels 1 to 6.","  Two types of materials in the Source Files, numbers 189,673 through 207,502, are not in microform (4 cartons, 5 linear feet). The first are computer printouts of names and addresses of the 200,000 doctors to whom AHR wrote in the early 1980s, requesting removal of the Shield. Box 1 contains names and addresses for physicians in Colombia, Sweden, The Netherlands, South Africa, and Australia; Box 2, for Mexico, Philippines, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, and Venezuela; and Box 3, for the United States. Second, in Box 4, is a collection of used Dalkon Shields sent back to AHR by Thad Earl, David Ostergard, and other doctors.","The MDL Chrono Files are a chronological arrangement of 1300 of some of the more important documents from the Source Files and were offered in evidence during the1976-1978 MDL discovery proceedings. The date range of the Chrono Files is 1938 to 1977, with the bulk of the documents falling between 1971 and 1975. In some cases the copy in the Chrono Files is more legible than the one in the Source Files.","  There is no list or index for the Chrono Files. Boxed with the files was a subject index to the first 183,000 SF documents; this index which pairs Source File number with subject was prepared in 1979. The Chrono Files are available on microfilm reels 19-22, as well as on paper in Boxes 1-6 (2.5 linear feet).","Bradley Post preserved a set of selected Robins Source File documents which he had submitted as evidence in a case around 1979. The Post documents are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 836 in the upper left corner; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The date range is 1938 to 1979, with bulk dates of 1971 to 1975. The Post documents are available on microfilm reels 22 and 23. A list of numbered Post documents providing extensive information about each entry is available on paper and also precedes the documents on the film.","In 1983 Robins, Zelle, Larson \u0026 Kaplan, a large firm in Minneapolis acquired about two hundred Dalkon Shield cases from another practice, and the firm appointed experienced plaintiffs' attorneys Dale Larson and Michael Ciresi to handle them. For the case of Shirley Dean v. A. H. Robins, the lawyers submitted as evidence 3,789 documents they had chosen from the Robins Source Files. Those documents comprise this subset and are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 3,789, usually near the top of the first page of the document; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The dates range from 1938 to 1984, but are concentrated in the years 1970 to 1980. The Robins, Zelle documents are available on microfilm reels 23-31. The list of numbered Robins, Zelle documents provides extensive information about each entry; it is available on paper, and it also precedes the documents on the film.","In 1983 Minnesota U.S. District Judge Miles Lord began hearing Dalkon Shield cases. By early 1984 he believed there were pertinent documents AHR had not produced during multi-district proceedings in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He, therefore, ordered a re-opening of discovery specifically for a number of categories, including correspondence with Aetna, AHR's insurance company, correspondence between certain top company officials and AHR lawyers, and documents relating to testing of Dalkon Shield safety. Furthermore, Lord appointed two attorneys to go to Richmond to supervise the production of these documents.","  The Lord Responsive documents are available on microfilm reels 31-33. These document numbers appear at the end of the Source File Document Number Index, but since a substantial number of them did not pertain to Lord's order, or were privileged, there are not corresponding documents for all the numbers. An annotated copy of the Lord pages from the Index precedes the documents on the film, and there the researcher can determine which documents will appear.","In 1984 and early 1985 lawyers for Claire Zelius were preparing their case against AHR in Florida. The federal district court allowed them to seek additional Robins documents, principally unpublished scientific or medical studies on the Dalkon Shield tail string.","  The Zelius Production documents are available on microfilm reels 34-41. The documents have been numbered, although there is no corresponding index for them in the Source Files index. Available on paper, and preceding the Zelius documents on microfilm, is an index which ties production date to a note book number, followed by another index which is a short list of doctors' names for depositions they gave in other cases.","Production commenced on the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device in 1968 under the direction of inventors Hugh Davis, gynecologist, and Irwin Lerner, electrical engineer. In early 1970 Davis and Lerner looked for a pharmaceutical company to market their product more widely, and by June of that year, AHR agreed to purchase it.","  The Dalkon Shield came in two sizes: standard, for women who had already had children (multiparous), and small, for women who had never had children (nulliparous). Shaped somewhat like a law enforcement officer's badge, hence its name, the Shield had five fingers protruding along each side, so that it also looked somewhat like a crab. Tied to its base was a three-inch length of synthetic polyfilament otherwise used for surgical sutures. In the case of the Shield, this filament, called the tail string, was principally designed for easy removal of the IUD.","  The A.H. Robins Company began production and sales in early 1971. Domestic sales were suspended in June of 1974, although foreign sales continued until August 1975. By the time sales ceased altogether, 3,600,000 Dalkon Shields had been sold worldwide.","  This sub-series of 7 boxes (2.9 linear feet) consists of packets of standard and small Dalkon Shields produced by the Dalkon Corporation and by A.H. Robins Co. In addition there are examples of boxes in which the packets were distributed; instruction sheets for physicians and patients; publicity material; rolls of the tail string material, loose shields, and various instruments. Finally, there is a videotape made by the Dalkon Corporation to demonstrate insertion and placement of the Dalkon Shield.","This two-box collection (0.8 linear feet) of miscellaneous A. H. Robins Company documents, assembled by the Trust, provides a bird's eye view of the purchase, production, and sale of the Dalkon Shield from 1970 to 1985. All of these documents can be located in the Source Files, but researchers may find these two boxes provide a convenient, simple and accessible introduction to the history of Robins and the Shield.","During the multi-district litigation proceedings from the late 1970s through the early 1980s, many employees of AHR were deposed, and their depositions made accessible to plaintiffs' lawyers all over the country. When the Trust set up the document depository for the use of claimants, the MDL depositions were included. In addition, depositions not under the aegis of the MDL panel, as well as a great deal of trial testimony of A. H. Robins employees, became part of the document depository. The Trust legal department also had a core collection of depositions, exhibits, etc. for their own attorneys' use in litigation. Materials in this series are principally on microfilm or videotape.","In 1976 when Bradley Post, on behalf of plaintiffs' attorneys, was seeking Robins documents for multi-district litigation, dozens of top officials in the A. H. Robins Co. were being deposed. The following Robins employees were deponents: Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. John I. Brewer, John Leo Burke, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Robert E. Cohn, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Dr. Roy William Dent, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad J. Earl, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Jack Freund, Edwin Hood, A.J. Kapadia, Oscar Klioze, Irwin Lerner, Frank William Mann, A. Edwin Martin, David Mefford, Kenneth Moore, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Allen Polon, Dr. Ellen Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, E.C. Robins, Melvin Rohling, W. Roy Smith, Ritchie Alan Snyder, Robert Walker Tankersley, Howard James Tatum, Dale Taylor, George E. Thomas, Roger Lewis Tuttle, Richard A. Velz, John Wesley Ward, Thomas C. Yu, and William L. Zimmer III.","  Depositions were taken from 1976 through 1983. These transcripts, available on microfilm reels 42-55, are arranged alphabetically by deponent and then chronologically. Most depositions lasted from one to four consecutive days, although a few deponents were called back for a second time. Some depositions are followed by exhibits, summaries, and/or objections. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.","At the same time of the MDL discovery process, Robins officials were being deposed for cases not included in the multi-district litigation. The following Robins employees were deponents: Jerald Eugene Adams, Frank Bedrick, Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. Anne J. W. Board, Eleanor Bradley, Bob L. Brown, Jeneal D. Brummett, John Leo Burke, John S. Campana, Edward C. Casey, Robert F. Childs, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Charles F. Christopher, Eugenia Clark, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Ben Clarkson, Robert E. Cohn, Everett L. Cook, Thomas E. Costa, Carlyne Crotty, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Arthur R. Cummings, Darwin Carl Dahl, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Charles T. Degolia, Dr. Roy William Dent, Jr., Erich De Romero, Calvin R. De Witt, Charles S. Donahue, Paul M. Duffy, Jr., Hartwell Durrance, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad Joseph Earl, John A. Emerick, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, Jeanne Featherston, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Dr. Jack Freund, Anne Friedman, John E. Gallapago, John T. Gaywood, Michael Gibb, Frank W. Gilbert, Donald Thomas Gillooly, Robert L. Gorvett, Lawrence Griffin, John Vincent Guiney, Ray Hanchey, William D. Hart, Jr., Norval Haugh, Dennis F. Heikka, Dr. E.B. Heilman, Doral Loren Hessman, Douglas Arthur Hewey, Robert A. Hogsett, Thomas B. Horne, Robert F. Hunley, David E. Jones, Herbert Joyce, Jr., Duwaine F. Kaufman, James W. Kennedy, Sidney M. Kessler, Louis Kilgore, Daniel Klimpel II, Oscar Klioze, David Mayer Koepke, John P. Kypriotis, Leonard Clayton Lacy, John P. Lage, Raymond L. Langston, Patricia Lashley, Irwin S. Lerner, Charles Hunter Leys, George Lobeck, Gene Ross Lucas, and Carl D. Lunsford.","  Also, Frank William Mann, Jr., A. Edwin Martin, Joseph Mazzeo, Thomas J. McCarthy III, William D. McGehee, Otto McGilvrey, Allen Arthur McKeel, Olivia McMichael, James Gray McWhorter, David Mefford, James Frederick Miller, Clyde Moore, Kenneth E. Moore, Emily M. Morley, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, James M. Nisely, Edward Normandia, Terry G. Oakley, Roy Francis O'Hanley, Jr., Guy Edward O'Neal, John P. Onkey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Jerry Paul Parker, William B. Plisco, Allen J. Polon, Dr. Ellen J. Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, Roscoe E. Puckett, Jr., Robert Lee Ramsay, E.C. Robins, Jr., E. Claiborne Robins, Sr., Julian Ross, Phillip Rudine, Raymond J. Russo, Carroll L. Saine, Philip J. Schmid, Walt W. Schoenberger, Stephen I. Schwartz, Thomas A. Schwartz, Leland Schweer, Stuart Shumate, Michael Silva, George Smith, Louis L. Smith, W. Roy Smith, William Smithdeal, Elmer A. Snyder, Sam Sparks, Hunter Spencer, George Stiles, Arthur M. Stranz, Stephen Richard Stubbs, Robert Walker Tankersley, August Tassan, Dr. Howard Tatum, Dale R. Taylor, John Trippe, Roger Lewis Tuttle, William S. Van Bezey, Richard A. Velz, Harris Wagenseil, John W. Ward, Robert Watts, Dale E. Weiss, James C. White, William T. Yale, Alan Young, Roland Younglin, and William L. Zimmer III.","  These depositions were taken between 1975 and 1985. The transcripts, available on microfilm reels 55-82, are arranged alphabetically by deponent, and then by case name. Exhibits are sometimes included. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.","Bradley Post helped the Trust select a number of cases for which the AHR company employees' trial testimony was particularly useful, and these documents became part of the Document Depository. The collection of trial testimony, available on microfilm reels 82-139, was divided in two groups arranged alphabetically by plaintiff's name.","  The first collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Kyle Askeland, Delma R. Barnes and Debra Jean Clark, Marguerite Bryson, Consuella Bundy, Candyce L. Cabe, Nancy S. Carley, Colorado Consolidated, or Janette A. Hawkinson, et al., Valerie Dembrosky, Susan L. Dodge, Marsha Feldman, Susan Fitzpatrick, Laureen Ford, Laurie Jo Franz, Kay Hamilton, Gay Lynn Hertzler, Linda Johnson, Terri Johnson, Patrick Junkin, Nancy Kaye, Nancy Lewis, Carole Mansfield, Jayne Miller, Gayle McCann, Joan Price, Karen Clark Raine, Carol Ann Setter, Kim Elizabeth Shewan, Joyce A. Smith, Kay E. Swenson, Robert C. and Deborah Terhune, Rosemary Warner, Francis G. Williams, and Anna Wilkins.","  The second collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Carin Linn Abramson, Miriam Breyer, Linda S. James Brown, Pamela Craig, Connie L. Deemer, Mary Ann Ducharme, Cynthia and Robert Fletzin, Mary Guenther, Martha E. Hahn, Linda and William Harre, Diane Hilliard, Regina and Keith Husbands, Cathy J. Maguire, Peggy Joan Mample, Sue and Wayne Mitchell, Rosalie Nunley, Carie M. Palmer, Janet and George Reif, Debbie Rohl, Elizabeth Rubin, Brenda Happke-Strempke, Loretta L. Tetuan, Pamela Van Duyn, and Sharon Worsham.","  The transcripts, having come from a variety of courts, vary a good bit, but for each case it is easy to determine whose testimony is where.","The Trust had a large collection of videotaped depositions (51 videotapes) and trial testimony (177 videotapes) of AHR employees. They transferred to the library all the tapes on VHS format. Many of these tapes, dating from 1979 to 1985, have corresponding transcripts in the previous three sub-series, but some do not.","This collection of trial material, 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet), was created by Trust employees for use in litigation. Included are copies of pre-trial orders, exhibits, depositions, and videotapes of depositions (33 videotapes). For Robins litigation, McGuire, Woods had prepared a set of exhibits, and so the Trust prepared their own based upon the law firm's set.","[videotapes of the edited depositions and testimonies are also available]","[videotapes of Sparks and Tuttle also available]","This series of U.S. Food and Drug Administration files is comprised of 5 boxes (2.1 linear feet). During 1974 the FDA held several hearings investigating IUDs and septic abortions, and, specifically, the safety of the Dalkon Shield. In preparation for these investigations the agency asked AHR to present documents concerning production of their IUD. The documents the company provided make up part of this series. (Most, if not all of these documents, are also found in the Source Files.) Also included here are transcripts of various hearings. In 1983 the FDA received a request under the Freedom of Information Act to produce documents relating to AHR and the Dalkon Shield. Copies of those documents are also in this series.","This series is comprised of newspaper clippings in 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet) and videotapes of television shows concerning Dalkon Shield injuries and litigation. The clippings, dated 1974-1985, are arranged alphabetically by state and are preceded by an index.","AHR filed for federal bankruptcy protection on August 21, 1985. The Trust kept on file each pleading that was entered in the case up through August of 2000. This series contains those pleadings. In addition, there is data on some of the lawsuits Robins resolved before bankruptcy. This data was studied by analyst Frances McGovern whose report is also included. Finally, there are transcripts of the estimation hearings.","The docket books for the AHR bankruptcy case contain, in order of filing, virtually all the pleadings entered between 1985 and 2000. In addition to the pleadings themselves in 416 three-ring notebooks (123 linear feet), there is a complete list of the documents providing the date each item was entered, its docket number, and the document's heading. Researchers must examine the list to determine the notebook-location of documents. Many of these documents also appear in other parts of the collection.","This series of 28 boxes (22.5 linear feet) is contains data derived from a sampling of cases A. H. Robins settled before bankruptcy proceedings began. In 1976 AHR created a Product Litigation System (PLS) to assist their lawyers in tracking Dalkon Shield claims and law suits. The master file in this database included the following information about a claim: claimant name; type of action; status of action; filing and resolution dates; insurance (Aetna) information; location of litigation; information about counsel; and resolution amounts.","  About ten years later, during the claims estimation phase of the bankruptcy proceedings, AHR was asked to provide information on settled suits to assist in determining the company's liability for outstanding claims. By that time the PLS database held information on 9,500 resolved cases, of which 1,800 were selected for analysis. According to Francis McGovern, the court-appointed master of the study, the selection included 1,600 cases chosen at random, plus \"a stratified sample\" of the one hundred lowest and one hundred highest cases.","  This new arrangement of resolved cases data presented eight categories of information: 1. Case Summary, which contained the master file data outlined above. 2. Dalkon Shield Use, providing basic information about use and type of injury. 3. Other Contraceptive Use, including dates and type. 4. Economic Damages, listing costs incurred by the claimant including work loss. 7. Statute of Limitation including date of claim, onset of injury, first consultation with attorney, state of residence. 8. Sexual History, including names of partners and dates of relationship. This information was followed by a medical history arranged by date and including information about symptoms, procedures performed, test and results.","  In addition to the resolved cases, the McGovern study also involved analysis of questionnaires sent to about 6,000 claimants with pending claims. See Series VI Sub-series 1 Boxes 15-17 for a copy of the questionnaire along with additional information about the McGovern study.","  The print-outs of the Resolved Cases Database are bound in twenty-six oversize volumes in Boxes 1-26. The names of the claimants and their partners have been obliterated, in order to protect their privacy. The volumes are open to research without restriction. Boxes 27 and 28 contain a copy of McGovern's final report titled Report of the Dalkon Shield Claims' Estimation Process, June 15, 1988.","From November 5 to 11, 1987, Judges Merhige and Shelley held hearings at which the various interested parties presented their estimates of the dollar value of the outstanding claims. Each party had hired experts to examine the data McGovern had compiled, and the work of these experts was presented at the hearing. Thomas Florence conducted the analysis and prepared the estimation for AHR. Other estimates were presented on behalf of the claimants' committee, Aetna, the official committee representing AHR shareholders, and the unsecured creditors. One month later Judge Merhige, having reviewed the estimates which ranged from $1.2 to 7.2 billion, announced that AHR's liability to claimants was $2.475 billion.","  On February 1, 1988, American Home Products agreed to acquire AHR, and on March 28, 1988 Robins filed its Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement Pursuant to Section 1125 of the Bankruptcy Code. This document begins with a summary of the case and a detailed overview of the settlement, followed by the Plan of Reorganization, the Claimants Trust and Other Claimants Trust Agreements, the Claims Resolution Facility, the Merger Agreement, and other documents. Along with letters of endorsement, relevant court orders and notices, and a ballot, the Disclosure Statement was mailed to all eligible claimants to vote on approval of the plan in late April 1988.","  This sub-series of 4 boxes and 1 carton (2.9 linear feet) contains the transcript of the hearing, Thomas Florence's estimation report, AHR memoranda on statute of limitations filed with the court at the time of estimation, and a copy of the disclosure statement with accompanying letters of endorsement, court orders and notices.","The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust opened in early 1988 with the appointment of five trustees, Barbara Blum, Kenneth Feinberg, Gene Locks, Stephen Saltzburg, and Ann Samani. The critical issue of how the Trust would be managed proved as controversial as most other aspects of the bankruptcy settlement. Consequently, within months disputes caused the resignations of Blum, Samani, and Locks. One of the new appointees, Georgene Vairo, eventually became chair of the Trust and remained in that post until it closed.","  Meanwhile the trustees hired Michael Sheppard, clerk of the bankruptcy court in Richmond, as executive director of the Trust. Others administrators hired shortly thereafter included Teri Lovelace and Ann Peters. At its peak the Trust employed a staff of almost four hundred. The staff included attorneys to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team consisting of Lynn Greer, Susan Manardo, and Patricia Powis whose job was to oversee and coordinate representation of the Trust in cases that went to arbitration or litigation. Richmond lawyers Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown were hired as outside counsel. The legal department grew along with the caseload. Assisting the Trust staff were attorneys chosen in regions throughout the U.S., and in other countries, as required to handle local litigation. In addition, local defense attorneys were hired on a case-by-case basis when a claim went to arbitration or litigation.","  The papers of the Trust include the Central Records Library (CRL), the official staff files which document the innumerable mailings to claimants, claims processing, and other Trust administrative matters, as well as the Trustees' minutes. Although the collection does not contain the files of administrative heads of the Trust, some of their correspondence and inter-office communications can be found in the CRL. The collection does include the files of the Trust's outside counsel, Orran L. Brown.","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","File Removed by DSCT Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list in Oversize Box 144, removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list in folder no. 1 removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant information removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","7 folders","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. ","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A. H. Robins Company","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2000.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/87"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers"],"collection_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. "],"acqinfo_ssim":["In September 2000, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by an order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Staff at the Trust first contacted the Law Library about the collection six months before the Trust was terminated at the end of April 2000. The collection came to the library in several installments between the late fall of that year and early 2001. It is comprised of 408 boxes and cartons of documents, 3 volumes, 416 three-ring notebooks, 271 videotapes, for a total of 327.5 linear feet; 139 reels of microfilm, and approximately 7500 pieces of microfiche, or approximately 170,000 items."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Dalkon Shield (Intrauterine contraceptive)","Product liablitlity -- Intrauterine contraceptives","Tort liability of corporations","videotapes","Microfilms"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Dalkon Shield (Intrauterine contraceptive)","Product liablitlity -- Intrauterine contraceptives","Tort liability of corporations","videotapes","Microfilms"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["327.5  Linear Feet 408 boxes and cartons, 3 volumes, 271 videotapes, 416 three ring notebooks"],"extent_tesim":["327.5  Linear Feet 408 boxes and cartons, 3 volumes, 271 videotapes, 416 three ring notebooks"],"genreform_ssim":["videotapes","Microfilms"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRequests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eS is Series \nSS is Sub-series\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["S is Series \nSS is Sub-series"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. 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collection is arranged in six series:","Series I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents","Series II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents","Series III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield. ","Series IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield","Series V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R","Series VI. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Central Records Library","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series \nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series\nS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series.\nSSS is Sub-sub-series.\nSSSS is Sub-sub-sub-series.","A. Edwin Martin","Split in two boxes.","S is Series. \nSS is Sub-series. \nSSS is Sub-Sub series. \nSSSS is Sub-sub-sub-series.","Split in two boxes.","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Sub-series","S is Series\nSS is Series","S is series","S is series","S is Series","S is series.","S is Series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series","S is series. \nSS is sub-series.","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","Arranged by docket number","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is 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Sub-series","S is Series \nSS is Sub-series"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eI. Introduction\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eII. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974 \u003c/emph\u003e\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026amp; Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eIII. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eIV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989\u003c/emph\u003e \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eV. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAdministration\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLegal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026amp; Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR,\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" type=\"simple\"\u003eReichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust\u003c/title\u003e, was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eVI. Conclusion\u003c/emph\u003e \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["I. Introduction","The history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.","II. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974  \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.","  A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026 Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.","III. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985","By 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.","  As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.","  In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.","  In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.","IV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989  \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.","  AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.","  The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.","  As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.","V. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001 Administration \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.","  The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"","  The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.","  The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.","  The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.","  During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.","  A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.","  As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.","  Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.","  For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.","  Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.","  The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.","  Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.","  By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.","Legal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.","  The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.","  In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.","  The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.","  Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.","  Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR, Reichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust , was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.","  In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.","  Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.","VI. Conclusion  \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1975 a Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up to consolidate over one hundred Dalkon Shield personal injury tort cases pending in federal district courts in over a third of the states. The pretrial proceedings were held before U. S. District Judge Frank Theis in Wichita, Kansas. Bradley Post, a Wichita lawyer who had represented Connie Deemer, the first woman to win a verdict against Robins for her Dalkon Shield injuries, was chosen lead lawyer in the consolidated cases. Post led the court-ordered discovery proceedings that ran from 1976 through the late 1970s and resumed in 1981 and 1982.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  AHR was ordered to produce copies of tens of thousands of documents and to store them at the Richmond offices of McGuire, Woods \u0026amp; Battle, the law firm handling its defense. The collection of documents became known as the Source Files. Documents in the following subject categories were requested, copied and numbered at various times from 1976 through 1982: Research \u0026amp; Development, Adverse Reaction, Manufacturing, Administration, Commercial, Government, International, FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and Bibliography.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In 1991, by administrative order, the Trust was directed to \"maintain a document depository in Richmond, Virginia, containing substantially all documents which the Trust, using its best efforts, has identified as having been produced without qualification by Robins in pre-petition Dalkon Shield personal injury tort litigation.\" The depository, to be made accessible to claimants and their attorneys, was comprised of documents previously in the custody of McGuire, Woods and was located at Datastor, a facility on the east end of the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The A.H. Robins Company documents consist of the master group, the Source Files, produced under the direction of Judge Frank Theis in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In addition, there are a number of subsets of the Source Files gathered and arranged by plaintiffs' attorneys, and additional documents produced under orders from other judges in the mid-1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Trust memorandum, (see notebook labeled Background Information re Document Depository), AHR and its attorneys began collecting, reviewing, and copying these documents, later known as the Source Files, as early as 1975. In 1976 when the Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up, the range of documents was expanded to include information on Robins' international sales, and on its interactions with Hugh Davis, Robert Cohn, Thad Earl, and Irwin S. Lerner. Plaintiffs involved in the MDL proceedings were allowed access to all documents that were not privileged. The copies, held in Richmond in the custody of McGuire, Woods, were made from the original documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Law Library completed a project begun sometime ago to convert the Source Files to microform. Documents 1 through 171, 245 are available on microfiche; and 171,246 through 211, 892, on microfilm. Researchers may gain access to the Source File documents through any of its four indexes: document number, document date, name of document writer, and document type and date. The indexes are in three-ring notebooks, and on microfilm reels 1 to 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Two types of materials in the Source Files, numbers 189,673 through 207,502, are not in microform (4 cartons, 5 linear feet). The first are computer printouts of names and addresses of the 200,000 doctors to whom AHR wrote in the early 1980s, requesting removal of the Shield. Box 1 contains names and addresses for physicians in Colombia, Sweden, The Netherlands, South Africa, and Australia; Box 2, for Mexico, Philippines, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, and Venezuela; and Box 3, for the United States. Second, in Box 4, is a collection of used Dalkon Shields sent back to AHR by Thad Earl, David Ostergard, and other doctors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe MDL Chrono Files are a chronological arrangement of 1300 of some of the more important documents from the Source Files and were offered in evidence during the1976-1978 MDL discovery proceedings. The date range of the Chrono Files is 1938 to 1977, with the bulk of the documents falling between 1971 and 1975. In some cases the copy in the Chrono Files is more legible than the one in the Source Files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  There is no list or index for the Chrono Files. Boxed with the files was a subject index to the first 183,000 SF documents; this index which pairs Source File number with subject was prepared in 1979. The Chrono Files are available on microfilm reels 19-22, as well as on paper in Boxes 1-6 (2.5 linear feet).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBradley Post preserved a set of selected Robins Source File documents which he had submitted as evidence in a case around 1979. The Post documents are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 836 in the upper left corner; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The date range is 1938 to 1979, with bulk dates of 1971 to 1975. The Post documents are available on microfilm reels 22 and 23. A list of numbered Post documents providing extensive information about each entry is available on paper and also precedes the documents on the film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983 Robins, Zelle, Larson \u0026amp; Kaplan, a large firm in Minneapolis acquired about two hundred Dalkon Shield cases from another practice, and the firm appointed experienced plaintiffs' attorneys Dale Larson and Michael Ciresi to handle them. For the case of Shirley Dean v. A. H. Robins, the lawyers submitted as evidence 3,789 documents they had chosen from the Robins Source Files. Those documents comprise this subset and are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 3,789, usually near the top of the first page of the document; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The dates range from 1938 to 1984, but are concentrated in the years 1970 to 1980. The Robins, Zelle documents are available on microfilm reels 23-31. The list of numbered Robins, Zelle documents provides extensive information about each entry; it is available on paper, and it also precedes the documents on the film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983 Minnesota U.S. District Judge Miles Lord began hearing Dalkon Shield cases. By early 1984 he believed there were pertinent documents AHR had not produced during multi-district proceedings in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He, therefore, ordered a re-opening of discovery specifically for a number of categories, including correspondence with Aetna, AHR's insurance company, correspondence between certain top company officials and AHR lawyers, and documents relating to testing of Dalkon Shield safety. Furthermore, Lord appointed two attorneys to go to Richmond to supervise the production of these documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Lord Responsive documents are available on microfilm reels 31-33. These document numbers appear at the end of the Source File Document Number Index, but since a substantial number of them did not pertain to Lord's order, or were privileged, there are not corresponding documents for all the numbers. An annotated copy of the Lord pages from the Index precedes the documents on the film, and there the researcher can determine which documents will appear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984 and early 1985 lawyers for Claire Zelius were preparing their case against AHR in Florida. The federal district court allowed them to seek additional Robins documents, principally unpublished scientific or medical studies on the Dalkon Shield tail string.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Zelius Production documents are available on microfilm reels 34-41. The documents have been numbered, although there is no corresponding index for them in the Source Files index. Available on paper, and preceding the Zelius documents on microfilm, is an index which ties production date to a note book number, followed by another index which is a short list of doctors' names for depositions they gave in other cases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduction commenced on the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device in 1968 under the direction of inventors Hugh Davis, gynecologist, and Irwin Lerner, electrical engineer. In early 1970 Davis and Lerner looked for a pharmaceutical company to market their product more widely, and by June of that year, AHR agreed to purchase it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Dalkon Shield came in two sizes: standard, for women who had already had children (multiparous), and small, for women who had never had children (nulliparous). Shaped somewhat like a law enforcement officer's badge, hence its name, the Shield had five fingers protruding along each side, so that it also looked somewhat like a crab. Tied to its base was a three-inch length of synthetic polyfilament otherwise used for surgical sutures. In the case of the Shield, this filament, called the tail string, was principally designed for easy removal of the IUD.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The A.H. Robins Company began production and sales in early 1971. Domestic sales were suspended in June of 1974, although foreign sales continued until August 1975. By the time sales ceased altogether, 3,600,000 Dalkon Shields had been sold worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This sub-series of 7 boxes (2.9 linear feet) consists of packets of standard and small Dalkon Shields produced by the Dalkon Corporation and by A.H. Robins Co. In addition there are examples of boxes in which the packets were distributed; instruction sheets for physicians and patients; publicity material; rolls of the tail string material, loose shields, and various instruments. Finally, there is a videotape made by the Dalkon Corporation to demonstrate insertion and placement of the Dalkon Shield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis two-box collection (0.8 linear feet) of miscellaneous A. H. Robins Company documents, assembled by the Trust, provides a bird's eye view of the purchase, production, and sale of the Dalkon Shield from 1970 to 1985. All of these documents can be located in the Source Files, but researchers may find these two boxes provide a convenient, simple and accessible introduction to the history of Robins and the Shield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the multi-district litigation proceedings from the late 1970s through the early 1980s, many employees of AHR were deposed, and their depositions made accessible to plaintiffs' lawyers all over the country. When the Trust set up the document depository for the use of claimants, the MDL depositions were included. In addition, depositions not under the aegis of the MDL panel, as well as a great deal of trial testimony of A. H. Robins employees, became part of the document depository. The Trust legal department also had a core collection of depositions, exhibits, etc. for their own attorneys' use in litigation. Materials in this series are principally on microfilm or videotape.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976 when Bradley Post, on behalf of plaintiffs' attorneys, was seeking Robins documents for multi-district litigation, dozens of top officials in the A. H. Robins Co. were being deposed. The following Robins employees were deponents: Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. John I. Brewer, John Leo Burke, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Robert E. Cohn, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Dr. Roy William Dent, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad J. Earl, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Jack Freund, Edwin Hood, A.J. Kapadia, Oscar Klioze, Irwin Lerner, Frank William Mann, A. Edwin Martin, David Mefford, Kenneth Moore, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Allen Polon, Dr. Ellen Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, E.C. Robins, Melvin Rohling, W. Roy Smith, Ritchie Alan Snyder, Robert Walker Tankersley, Howard James Tatum, Dale Taylor, George E. Thomas, Roger Lewis Tuttle, Richard A. Velz, John Wesley Ward, Thomas C. Yu, and William L. Zimmer III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Depositions were taken from 1976 through 1983. These transcripts, available on microfilm reels 42-55, are arranged alphabetically by deponent and then chronologically. Most depositions lasted from one to four consecutive days, although a few deponents were called back for a second time. Some depositions are followed by exhibits, summaries, and/or objections. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the same time of the MDL discovery process, Robins officials were being deposed for cases not included in the multi-district litigation. The following Robins employees were deponents: Jerald Eugene Adams, Frank Bedrick, Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. Anne J. W. Board, Eleanor Bradley, Bob L. Brown, Jeneal D. Brummett, John Leo Burke, John S. Campana, Edward C. Casey, Robert F. Childs, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Charles F. Christopher, Eugenia Clark, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Ben Clarkson, Robert E. Cohn, Everett L. Cook, Thomas E. Costa, Carlyne Crotty, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Arthur R. Cummings, Darwin Carl Dahl, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Charles T. Degolia, Dr. Roy William Dent, Jr., Erich De Romero, Calvin R. De Witt, Charles S. Donahue, Paul M. Duffy, Jr., Hartwell Durrance, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad Joseph Earl, John A. Emerick, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, Jeanne Featherston, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Dr. Jack Freund, Anne Friedman, John E. Gallapago, John T. Gaywood, Michael Gibb, Frank W. Gilbert, Donald Thomas Gillooly, Robert L. Gorvett, Lawrence Griffin, John Vincent Guiney, Ray Hanchey, William D. Hart, Jr., Norval Haugh, Dennis F. Heikka, Dr. E.B. Heilman, Doral Loren Hessman, Douglas Arthur Hewey, Robert A. Hogsett, Thomas B. Horne, Robert F. Hunley, David E. Jones, Herbert Joyce, Jr., Duwaine F. Kaufman, James W. Kennedy, Sidney M. Kessler, Louis Kilgore, Daniel Klimpel II, Oscar Klioze, David Mayer Koepke, John P. Kypriotis, Leonard Clayton Lacy, John P. Lage, Raymond L. Langston, Patricia Lashley, Irwin S. Lerner, Charles Hunter Leys, George Lobeck, Gene Ross Lucas, and Carl D. Lunsford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Also, Frank William Mann, Jr., A. Edwin Martin, Joseph Mazzeo, Thomas J. McCarthy III, William D. McGehee, Otto McGilvrey, Allen Arthur McKeel, Olivia McMichael, James Gray McWhorter, David Mefford, James Frederick Miller, Clyde Moore, Kenneth E. Moore, Emily M. Morley, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, James M. Nisely, Edward Normandia, Terry G. Oakley, Roy Francis O'Hanley, Jr., Guy Edward O'Neal, John P. Onkey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Jerry Paul Parker, William B. Plisco, Allen J. Polon, Dr. Ellen J. Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, Roscoe E. Puckett, Jr., Robert Lee Ramsay, E.C. Robins, Jr., E. Claiborne Robins, Sr., Julian Ross, Phillip Rudine, Raymond J. Russo, Carroll L. Saine, Philip J. Schmid, Walt W. Schoenberger, Stephen I. Schwartz, Thomas A. Schwartz, Leland Schweer, Stuart Shumate, Michael Silva, George Smith, Louis L. Smith, W. Roy Smith, William Smithdeal, Elmer A. Snyder, Sam Sparks, Hunter Spencer, George Stiles, Arthur M. Stranz, Stephen Richard Stubbs, Robert Walker Tankersley, August Tassan, Dr. Howard Tatum, Dale R. Taylor, John Trippe, Roger Lewis Tuttle, William S. Van Bezey, Richard A. Velz, Harris Wagenseil, John W. Ward, Robert Watts, Dale E. Weiss, James C. White, William T. Yale, Alan Young, Roland Younglin, and William L. Zimmer III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  These depositions were taken between 1975 and 1985. The transcripts, available on microfilm reels 55-82, are arranged alphabetically by deponent, and then by case name. Exhibits are sometimes included. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBradley Post helped the Trust select a number of cases for which the AHR company employees' trial testimony was particularly useful, and these documents became part of the Document Depository. The collection of trial testimony, available on microfilm reels 82-139, was divided in two groups arranged alphabetically by plaintiff's name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The first collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Kyle Askeland, Delma R. Barnes and Debra Jean Clark, Marguerite Bryson, Consuella Bundy, Candyce L. Cabe, Nancy S. Carley, Colorado Consolidated, or Janette A. Hawkinson, et al., Valerie Dembrosky, Susan L. Dodge, Marsha Feldman, Susan Fitzpatrick, Laureen Ford, Laurie Jo Franz, Kay Hamilton, Gay Lynn Hertzler, Linda Johnson, Terri Johnson, Patrick Junkin, Nancy Kaye, Nancy Lewis, Carole Mansfield, Jayne Miller, Gayle McCann, Joan Price, Karen Clark Raine, Carol Ann Setter, Kim Elizabeth Shewan, Joyce A. Smith, Kay E. Swenson, Robert C. and Deborah Terhune, Rosemary Warner, Francis G. Williams, and Anna Wilkins.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The second collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Carin Linn Abramson, Miriam Breyer, Linda S. James Brown, Pamela Craig, Connie L. Deemer, Mary Ann Ducharme, Cynthia and Robert Fletzin, Mary Guenther, Martha E. Hahn, Linda and William Harre, Diane Hilliard, Regina and Keith Husbands, Cathy J. Maguire, Peggy Joan Mample, Sue and Wayne Mitchell, Rosalie Nunley, Carie M. Palmer, Janet and George Reif, Debbie Rohl, Elizabeth Rubin, Brenda Happke-Strempke, Loretta L. Tetuan, Pamela Van Duyn, and Sharon Worsham.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The transcripts, having come from a variety of courts, vary a good bit, but for each case it is easy to determine whose testimony is where.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Trust had a large collection of videotaped depositions (51 videotapes) and trial testimony (177 videotapes) of AHR employees. They transferred to the library all the tapes on VHS format. Many of these tapes, dating from 1979 to 1985, have corresponding transcripts in the previous three sub-series, but some do not.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection of trial material, 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet), was created by Trust employees for use in litigation. Included are copies of pre-trial orders, exhibits, depositions, and videotapes of depositions (33 videotapes). For Robins litigation, McGuire, Woods had prepared a set of exhibits, and so the Trust prepared their own based upon the law firm's set.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[videotapes of the edited depositions and testimonies are also available]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[videotapes of Sparks and Tuttle also available]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series of U.S. Food and Drug Administration files is comprised of 5 boxes (2.1 linear feet). During 1974 the FDA held several hearings investigating IUDs and septic abortions, and, specifically, the safety of the Dalkon Shield. In preparation for these investigations the agency asked AHR to present documents concerning production of their IUD. The documents the company provided make up part of this series. (Most, if not all of these documents, are also found in the Source Files.) Also included here are transcripts of various hearings. In 1983 the FDA received a request under the Freedom of Information Act to produce documents relating to AHR and the Dalkon Shield. Copies of those documents are also in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of newspaper clippings in 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet) and videotapes of television shows concerning Dalkon Shield injuries and litigation. The clippings, dated 1974-1985, are arranged alphabetically by state and are preceded by an index.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAHR filed for federal bankruptcy protection on August 21, 1985. The Trust kept on file each pleading that was entered in the case up through August of 2000. This series contains those pleadings. In addition, there is data on some of the lawsuits Robins resolved before bankruptcy. This data was studied by analyst Frances McGovern whose report is also included. Finally, there are transcripts of the estimation hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe docket books for the AHR bankruptcy case contain, in order of filing, virtually all the pleadings entered between 1985 and 2000. In addition to the pleadings themselves in 416 three-ring notebooks (123 linear feet), there is a complete list of the documents providing the date each item was entered, its docket number, and the document's heading. Researchers must examine the list to determine the notebook-location of documents. Many of these documents also appear in other parts of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series of 28 boxes (22.5 linear feet) is contains data derived from a sampling of cases A. H. Robins settled before bankruptcy proceedings began. In 1976 AHR created a Product Litigation System (PLS) to assist their lawyers in tracking Dalkon Shield claims and law suits. The master file in this database included the following information about a claim: claimant name; type of action; status of action; filing and resolution dates; insurance (Aetna) information; location of litigation; information about counsel; and resolution amounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  About ten years later, during the claims estimation phase of the bankruptcy proceedings, AHR was asked to provide information on settled suits to assist in determining the company's liability for outstanding claims. By that time the PLS database held information on 9,500 resolved cases, of which 1,800 were selected for analysis. According to Francis McGovern, the court-appointed master of the study, the selection included 1,600 cases chosen at random, plus \"a stratified sample\" of the one hundred lowest and one hundred highest cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This new arrangement of resolved cases data presented eight categories of information: 1. Case Summary, which contained the master file data outlined above. 2. Dalkon Shield Use, providing basic information about use and type of injury. 3. Other Contraceptive Use, including dates and type. 4. Economic Damages, listing costs incurred by the claimant including work loss. 7. Statute of Limitation including date of claim, onset of injury, first consultation with attorney, state of residence. 8. Sexual History, including names of partners and dates of relationship. This information was followed by a medical history arranged by date and including information about symptoms, procedures performed, test and results.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  In addition to the resolved cases, the McGovern study also involved analysis of questionnaires sent to about 6,000 claimants with pending claims. See Series VI Sub-series 1 Boxes 15-17 for a copy of the questionnaire along with additional information about the McGovern study.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The print-outs of the Resolved Cases Database are bound in twenty-six oversize volumes in Boxes 1-26. The names of the claimants and their partners have been obliterated, in order to protect their privacy. The volumes are open to research without restriction. Boxes 27 and 28 contain a copy of McGovern's final report titled\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" type=\"simple\"\u003eReport of the Dalkon Shield Claims' Estimation Process, June 15, 1988.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom November 5 to 11, 1987, Judges Merhige and Shelley held hearings at which the various interested parties presented their estimates of the dollar value of the outstanding claims. Each party had hired experts to examine the data McGovern had compiled, and the work of these experts was presented at the hearing. Thomas Florence conducted the analysis and prepared the estimation for AHR. Other estimates were presented on behalf of the claimants' committee, Aetna, the official committee representing AHR shareholders, and the unsecured creditors. One month later Judge Merhige, having reviewed the estimates which ranged from $1.2 to 7.2 billion, announced that AHR's liability to claimants was $2.475 billion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  On February 1, 1988, American Home Products agreed to acquire AHR, and on March 28, 1988 Robins filed its Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement Pursuant to Section 1125 of the Bankruptcy Code. This document begins with a summary of the case and a detailed overview of the settlement, followed by the Plan of Reorganization, the Claimants Trust and Other Claimants Trust Agreements, the Claims Resolution Facility, the Merger Agreement, and other documents. Along with letters of endorsement, relevant court orders and notices, and a ballot, the Disclosure Statement was mailed to all eligible claimants to vote on approval of the plan in late April 1988.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This sub-series of 4 boxes and 1 carton (2.9 linear feet) contains the transcript of the hearing, Thomas Florence's estimation report, AHR memoranda on statute of limitations filed with the court at the time of estimation, and a copy of the disclosure statement with accompanying letters of endorsement, court orders and notices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust opened in early 1988 with the appointment of five trustees, Barbara Blum, Kenneth Feinberg, Gene Locks, Stephen Saltzburg, and Ann Samani. The critical issue of how the Trust would be managed proved as controversial as most other aspects of the bankruptcy settlement. Consequently, within months disputes caused the resignations of Blum, Samani, and Locks. One of the new appointees, Georgene Vairo, eventually became chair of the Trust and remained in that post until it closed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Meanwhile the trustees hired Michael Sheppard, clerk of the bankruptcy court in Richmond, as executive director of the Trust. Others administrators hired shortly thereafter included Teri Lovelace and Ann Peters. At its peak the Trust employed a staff of almost four hundred. The staff included attorneys to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team consisting of Lynn Greer, Susan Manardo, and Patricia Powis whose job was to oversee and coordinate representation of the Trust in cases that went to arbitration or litigation. Richmond lawyers Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown were hired as outside counsel. The legal department grew along with the caseload. Assisting the Trust staff were attorneys chosen in regions throughout the U.S., and in other countries, as required to handle local litigation. In addition, local defense attorneys were hired on a case-by-case basis when a claim went to arbitration or litigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The papers of the Trust include the Central Records Library (CRL), the official staff files which document the innumerable mailings to claimants, claims processing, and other Trust administrative matters, as well as the Trustees' minutes. Although the collection does not contain the files of administrative heads of the Trust, some of their correspondence and inter-office communications can be found in the CRL. The collection does include the files of the Trust's outside counsel, Orran L. Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile removed by DSCT, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile removed by DSCT, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile Removed by DSCT Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list in Oversize Box 144, removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list in folder no. 1 removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments with claimant information removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile removed by DSCT, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile removed by DSCT, 2/2004\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In 1975 a Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up to consolidate over one hundred Dalkon Shield personal injury tort cases pending in federal district courts in over a third of the states. The pretrial proceedings were held before U. S. District Judge Frank Theis in Wichita, Kansas. Bradley Post, a Wichita lawyer who had represented Connie Deemer, the first woman to win a verdict against Robins for her Dalkon Shield injuries, was chosen lead lawyer in the consolidated cases. Post led the court-ordered discovery proceedings that ran from 1976 through the late 1970s and resumed in 1981 and 1982.","  AHR was ordered to produce copies of tens of thousands of documents and to store them at the Richmond offices of McGuire, Woods \u0026 Battle, the law firm handling its defense. The collection of documents became known as the Source Files. Documents in the following subject categories were requested, copied and numbered at various times from 1976 through 1982: Research \u0026 Development, Adverse Reaction, Manufacturing, Administration, Commercial, Government, International, FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and Bibliography.","  In 1991, by administrative order, the Trust was directed to \"maintain a document depository in Richmond, Virginia, containing substantially all documents which the Trust, using its best efforts, has identified as having been produced without qualification by Robins in pre-petition Dalkon Shield personal injury tort litigation.\" The depository, to be made accessible to claimants and their attorneys, was comprised of documents previously in the custody of McGuire, Woods and was located at Datastor, a facility on the east end of the city.","  The A.H. Robins Company documents consist of the master group, the Source Files, produced under the direction of Judge Frank Theis in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In addition, there are a number of subsets of the Source Files gathered and arranged by plaintiffs' attorneys, and additional documents produced under orders from other judges in the mid-1980s.","According to a Trust memorandum, (see notebook labeled Background Information re Document Depository), AHR and its attorneys began collecting, reviewing, and copying these documents, later known as the Source Files, as early as 1975. In 1976 when the Multi-District Litigation Panel was set up, the range of documents was expanded to include information on Robins' international sales, and on its interactions with Hugh Davis, Robert Cohn, Thad Earl, and Irwin S. Lerner. Plaintiffs involved in the MDL proceedings were allowed access to all documents that were not privileged. The copies, held in Richmond in the custody of McGuire, Woods, were made from the original documents.","  The Law Library completed a project begun sometime ago to convert the Source Files to microform. Documents 1 through 171, 245 are available on microfiche; and 171,246 through 211, 892, on microfilm. Researchers may gain access to the Source File documents through any of its four indexes: document number, document date, name of document writer, and document type and date. The indexes are in three-ring notebooks, and on microfilm reels 1 to 6.","  Two types of materials in the Source Files, numbers 189,673 through 207,502, are not in microform (4 cartons, 5 linear feet). The first are computer printouts of names and addresses of the 200,000 doctors to whom AHR wrote in the early 1980s, requesting removal of the Shield. Box 1 contains names and addresses for physicians in Colombia, Sweden, The Netherlands, South Africa, and Australia; Box 2, for Mexico, Philippines, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, and Venezuela; and Box 3, for the United States. Second, in Box 4, is a collection of used Dalkon Shields sent back to AHR by Thad Earl, David Ostergard, and other doctors.","The MDL Chrono Files are a chronological arrangement of 1300 of some of the more important documents from the Source Files and were offered in evidence during the1976-1978 MDL discovery proceedings. The date range of the Chrono Files is 1938 to 1977, with the bulk of the documents falling between 1971 and 1975. In some cases the copy in the Chrono Files is more legible than the one in the Source Files.","  There is no list or index for the Chrono Files. Boxed with the files was a subject index to the first 183,000 SF documents; this index which pairs Source File number with subject was prepared in 1979. The Chrono Files are available on microfilm reels 19-22, as well as on paper in Boxes 1-6 (2.5 linear feet).","Bradley Post preserved a set of selected Robins Source File documents which he had submitted as evidence in a case around 1979. The Post documents are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 836 in the upper left corner; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The date range is 1938 to 1979, with bulk dates of 1971 to 1975. The Post documents are available on microfilm reels 22 and 23. A list of numbered Post documents providing extensive information about each entry is available on paper and also precedes the documents on the film.","In 1983 Robins, Zelle, Larson \u0026 Kaplan, a large firm in Minneapolis acquired about two hundred Dalkon Shield cases from another practice, and the firm appointed experienced plaintiffs' attorneys Dale Larson and Michael Ciresi to handle them. For the case of Shirley Dean v. A. H. Robins, the lawyers submitted as evidence 3,789 documents they had chosen from the Robins Source Files. Those documents comprise this subset and are arranged chronologically and numbered 1 to 3,789, usually near the top of the first page of the document; the Source File number is visible in the lower left corner. The dates range from 1938 to 1984, but are concentrated in the years 1970 to 1980. The Robins, Zelle documents are available on microfilm reels 23-31. The list of numbered Robins, Zelle documents provides extensive information about each entry; it is available on paper, and it also precedes the documents on the film.","In 1983 Minnesota U.S. District Judge Miles Lord began hearing Dalkon Shield cases. By early 1984 he believed there were pertinent documents AHR had not produced during multi-district proceedings in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He, therefore, ordered a re-opening of discovery specifically for a number of categories, including correspondence with Aetna, AHR's insurance company, correspondence between certain top company officials and AHR lawyers, and documents relating to testing of Dalkon Shield safety. Furthermore, Lord appointed two attorneys to go to Richmond to supervise the production of these documents.","  The Lord Responsive documents are available on microfilm reels 31-33. These document numbers appear at the end of the Source File Document Number Index, but since a substantial number of them did not pertain to Lord's order, or were privileged, there are not corresponding documents for all the numbers. An annotated copy of the Lord pages from the Index precedes the documents on the film, and there the researcher can determine which documents will appear.","In 1984 and early 1985 lawyers for Claire Zelius were preparing their case against AHR in Florida. The federal district court allowed them to seek additional Robins documents, principally unpublished scientific or medical studies on the Dalkon Shield tail string.","  The Zelius Production documents are available on microfilm reels 34-41. The documents have been numbered, although there is no corresponding index for them in the Source Files index. Available on paper, and preceding the Zelius documents on microfilm, is an index which ties production date to a note book number, followed by another index which is a short list of doctors' names for depositions they gave in other cases.","Production commenced on the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device in 1968 under the direction of inventors Hugh Davis, gynecologist, and Irwin Lerner, electrical engineer. In early 1970 Davis and Lerner looked for a pharmaceutical company to market their product more widely, and by June of that year, AHR agreed to purchase it.","  The Dalkon Shield came in two sizes: standard, for women who had already had children (multiparous), and small, for women who had never had children (nulliparous). Shaped somewhat like a law enforcement officer's badge, hence its name, the Shield had five fingers protruding along each side, so that it also looked somewhat like a crab. Tied to its base was a three-inch length of synthetic polyfilament otherwise used for surgical sutures. In the case of the Shield, this filament, called the tail string, was principally designed for easy removal of the IUD.","  The A.H. Robins Company began production and sales in early 1971. Domestic sales were suspended in June of 1974, although foreign sales continued until August 1975. By the time sales ceased altogether, 3,600,000 Dalkon Shields had been sold worldwide.","  This sub-series of 7 boxes (2.9 linear feet) consists of packets of standard and small Dalkon Shields produced by the Dalkon Corporation and by A.H. Robins Co. In addition there are examples of boxes in which the packets were distributed; instruction sheets for physicians and patients; publicity material; rolls of the tail string material, loose shields, and various instruments. Finally, there is a videotape made by the Dalkon Corporation to demonstrate insertion and placement of the Dalkon Shield.","This two-box collection (0.8 linear feet) of miscellaneous A. H. Robins Company documents, assembled by the Trust, provides a bird's eye view of the purchase, production, and sale of the Dalkon Shield from 1970 to 1985. All of these documents can be located in the Source Files, but researchers may find these two boxes provide a convenient, simple and accessible introduction to the history of Robins and the Shield.","During the multi-district litigation proceedings from the late 1970s through the early 1980s, many employees of AHR were deposed, and their depositions made accessible to plaintiffs' lawyers all over the country. When the Trust set up the document depository for the use of claimants, the MDL depositions were included. In addition, depositions not under the aegis of the MDL panel, as well as a great deal of trial testimony of A. H. Robins employees, became part of the document depository. The Trust legal department also had a core collection of depositions, exhibits, etc. for their own attorneys' use in litigation. Materials in this series are principally on microfilm or videotape.","In 1976 when Bradley Post, on behalf of plaintiffs' attorneys, was seeking Robins documents for multi-district litigation, dozens of top officials in the A. H. Robins Co. were being deposed. The following Robins employees were deponents: Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. John I. Brewer, John Leo Burke, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Robert E. Cohn, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Dr. Roy William Dent, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad J. Earl, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Jack Freund, Edwin Hood, A.J. Kapadia, Oscar Klioze, Irwin Lerner, Frank William Mann, A. Edwin Martin, David Mefford, Kenneth Moore, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Allen Polon, Dr. Ellen Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, E.C. Robins, Melvin Rohling, W. Roy Smith, Ritchie Alan Snyder, Robert Walker Tankersley, Howard James Tatum, Dale Taylor, George E. Thomas, Roger Lewis Tuttle, Richard A. Velz, John Wesley Ward, Thomas C. Yu, and William L. Zimmer III.","  Depositions were taken from 1976 through 1983. These transcripts, available on microfilm reels 42-55, are arranged alphabetically by deponent and then chronologically. Most depositions lasted from one to four consecutive days, although a few deponents were called back for a second time. Some depositions are followed by exhibits, summaries, and/or objections. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.","At the same time of the MDL discovery process, Robins officials were being deposed for cases not included in the multi-district litigation. The following Robins employees were deponents: Jerald Eugene Adams, Frank Bedrick, Ernest L. Bender, Jr., Dr. Anne J. W. Board, Eleanor Bradley, Bob L. Brown, Jeneal D. Brummett, John Leo Burke, John S. Campana, Edward C. Casey, Robert F. Childs, Dr. A.N. Chremos, Charles F. Christopher, Eugenia Clark, Dr. Fred A. Clark, Jr., Ben Clarkson, Robert E. Cohn, Everett L. Cook, Thomas E. Costa, Carlyne Crotty, Elderin Wayne Crowder, Arthur R. Cummings, Darwin Carl Dahl, Dr. Hugh J. Davis, Charles T. Degolia, Dr. Roy William Dent, Jr., Erich De Romero, Calvin R. De Witt, Charles S. Donahue, Paul M. Duffy, Jr., Hartwell Durrance, Thomas D. Downs, Dr. Thad Joseph Earl, John A. Emerick, Dorothy Kimball Ervin, Jeanne Featherston, William A. Forrest, Jr., Daniel Eugene French, Dr. Jack Freund, Anne Friedman, John E. Gallapago, John T. Gaywood, Michael Gibb, Frank W. Gilbert, Donald Thomas Gillooly, Robert L. Gorvett, Lawrence Griffin, John Vincent Guiney, Ray Hanchey, William D. Hart, Jr., Norval Haugh, Dennis F. Heikka, Dr. E.B. Heilman, Doral Loren Hessman, Douglas Arthur Hewey, Robert A. Hogsett, Thomas B. Horne, Robert F. Hunley, David E. Jones, Herbert Joyce, Jr., Duwaine F. Kaufman, James W. Kennedy, Sidney M. Kessler, Louis Kilgore, Daniel Klimpel II, Oscar Klioze, David Mayer Koepke, John P. Kypriotis, Leonard Clayton Lacy, John P. Lage, Raymond L. Langston, Patricia Lashley, Irwin S. Lerner, Charles Hunter Leys, George Lobeck, Gene Ross Lucas, and Carl D. Lunsford.","  Also, Frank William Mann, Jr., A. Edwin Martin, Joseph Mazzeo, Thomas J. McCarthy III, William D. McGehee, Otto McGilvrey, Allen Arthur McKeel, Olivia McMichael, James Gray McWhorter, David Mefford, James Frederick Miller, Clyde Moore, Kenneth E. Moore, Emily M. Morley, C.E. Morton, Dr. Robert S. Murphey, James M. Nisely, Edward Normandia, Terry G. Oakley, Roy Francis O'Hanley, Jr., Guy Edward O'Neal, John P. Onkey, Dr. Fletcher B. Owen, Jr., Jerry Paul Parker, William B. Plisco, Allen J. Polon, Dr. Ellen J. Preston, Dr. Lester W. Preston, Roscoe E. Puckett, Jr., Robert Lee Ramsay, E.C. Robins, Jr., E. Claiborne Robins, Sr., Julian Ross, Phillip Rudine, Raymond J. Russo, Carroll L. Saine, Philip J. Schmid, Walt W. Schoenberger, Stephen I. Schwartz, Thomas A. Schwartz, Leland Schweer, Stuart Shumate, Michael Silva, George Smith, Louis L. Smith, W. Roy Smith, William Smithdeal, Elmer A. Snyder, Sam Sparks, Hunter Spencer, George Stiles, Arthur M. Stranz, Stephen Richard Stubbs, Robert Walker Tankersley, August Tassan, Dr. Howard Tatum, Dale R. Taylor, John Trippe, Roger Lewis Tuttle, William S. Van Bezey, Richard A. Velz, Harris Wagenseil, John W. Ward, Robert Watts, Dale E. Weiss, James C. White, William T. Yale, Alan Young, Roland Younglin, and William L. Zimmer III.","  These depositions were taken between 1975 and 1985. The transcripts, available on microfilm reels 55-82, are arranged alphabetically by deponent, and then by case name. Exhibits are sometimes included. An index precedes the documents on the microfilm.","Bradley Post helped the Trust select a number of cases for which the AHR company employees' trial testimony was particularly useful, and these documents became part of the Document Depository. The collection of trial testimony, available on microfilm reels 82-139, was divided in two groups arranged alphabetically by plaintiff's name.","  The first collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Kyle Askeland, Delma R. Barnes and Debra Jean Clark, Marguerite Bryson, Consuella Bundy, Candyce L. Cabe, Nancy S. Carley, Colorado Consolidated, or Janette A. Hawkinson, et al., Valerie Dembrosky, Susan L. Dodge, Marsha Feldman, Susan Fitzpatrick, Laureen Ford, Laurie Jo Franz, Kay Hamilton, Gay Lynn Hertzler, Linda Johnson, Terri Johnson, Patrick Junkin, Nancy Kaye, Nancy Lewis, Carole Mansfield, Jayne Miller, Gayle McCann, Joan Price, Karen Clark Raine, Carol Ann Setter, Kim Elizabeth Shewan, Joyce A. Smith, Kay E. Swenson, Robert C. and Deborah Terhune, Rosemary Warner, Francis G. Williams, and Anna Wilkins.","  The second collection of testimony is for the following plaintiffs' trials: Carin Linn Abramson, Miriam Breyer, Linda S. James Brown, Pamela Craig, Connie L. Deemer, Mary Ann Ducharme, Cynthia and Robert Fletzin, Mary Guenther, Martha E. Hahn, Linda and William Harre, Diane Hilliard, Regina and Keith Husbands, Cathy J. Maguire, Peggy Joan Mample, Sue and Wayne Mitchell, Rosalie Nunley, Carie M. Palmer, Janet and George Reif, Debbie Rohl, Elizabeth Rubin, Brenda Happke-Strempke, Loretta L. Tetuan, Pamela Van Duyn, and Sharon Worsham.","  The transcripts, having come from a variety of courts, vary a good bit, but for each case it is easy to determine whose testimony is where.","The Trust had a large collection of videotaped depositions (51 videotapes) and trial testimony (177 videotapes) of AHR employees. They transferred to the library all the tapes on VHS format. Many of these tapes, dating from 1979 to 1985, have corresponding transcripts in the previous three sub-series, but some do not.","This collection of trial material, 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet), was created by Trust employees for use in litigation. Included are copies of pre-trial orders, exhibits, depositions, and videotapes of depositions (33 videotapes). For Robins litigation, McGuire, Woods had prepared a set of exhibits, and so the Trust prepared their own based upon the law firm's set.","[videotapes of the edited depositions and testimonies are also available]","[videotapes of Sparks and Tuttle also available]","This series of U.S. Food and Drug Administration files is comprised of 5 boxes (2.1 linear feet). During 1974 the FDA held several hearings investigating IUDs and septic abortions, and, specifically, the safety of the Dalkon Shield. In preparation for these investigations the agency asked AHR to present documents concerning production of their IUD. The documents the company provided make up part of this series. (Most, if not all of these documents, are also found in the Source Files.) Also included here are transcripts of various hearings. In 1983 the FDA received a request under the Freedom of Information Act to produce documents relating to AHR and the Dalkon Shield. Copies of those documents are also in this series.","This series is comprised of newspaper clippings in 9 boxes (3.75 linear feet) and videotapes of television shows concerning Dalkon Shield injuries and litigation. The clippings, dated 1974-1985, are arranged alphabetically by state and are preceded by an index.","AHR filed for federal bankruptcy protection on August 21, 1985. The Trust kept on file each pleading that was entered in the case up through August of 2000. This series contains those pleadings. In addition, there is data on some of the lawsuits Robins resolved before bankruptcy. This data was studied by analyst Frances McGovern whose report is also included. Finally, there are transcripts of the estimation hearings.","The docket books for the AHR bankruptcy case contain, in order of filing, virtually all the pleadings entered between 1985 and 2000. In addition to the pleadings themselves in 416 three-ring notebooks (123 linear feet), there is a complete list of the documents providing the date each item was entered, its docket number, and the document's heading. Researchers must examine the list to determine the notebook-location of documents. Many of these documents also appear in other parts of the collection.","This series of 28 boxes (22.5 linear feet) is contains data derived from a sampling of cases A. H. Robins settled before bankruptcy proceedings began. In 1976 AHR created a Product Litigation System (PLS) to assist their lawyers in tracking Dalkon Shield claims and law suits. The master file in this database included the following information about a claim: claimant name; type of action; status of action; filing and resolution dates; insurance (Aetna) information; location of litigation; information about counsel; and resolution amounts.","  About ten years later, during the claims estimation phase of the bankruptcy proceedings, AHR was asked to provide information on settled suits to assist in determining the company's liability for outstanding claims. By that time the PLS database held information on 9,500 resolved cases, of which 1,800 were selected for analysis. According to Francis McGovern, the court-appointed master of the study, the selection included 1,600 cases chosen at random, plus \"a stratified sample\" of the one hundred lowest and one hundred highest cases.","  This new arrangement of resolved cases data presented eight categories of information: 1. Case Summary, which contained the master file data outlined above. 2. Dalkon Shield Use, providing basic information about use and type of injury. 3. Other Contraceptive Use, including dates and type. 4. Economic Damages, listing costs incurred by the claimant including work loss. 7. Statute of Limitation including date of claim, onset of injury, first consultation with attorney, state of residence. 8. Sexual History, including names of partners and dates of relationship. This information was followed by a medical history arranged by date and including information about symptoms, procedures performed, test and results.","  In addition to the resolved cases, the McGovern study also involved analysis of questionnaires sent to about 6,000 claimants with pending claims. See Series VI Sub-series 1 Boxes 15-17 for a copy of the questionnaire along with additional information about the McGovern study.","  The print-outs of the Resolved Cases Database are bound in twenty-six oversize volumes in Boxes 1-26. The names of the claimants and their partners have been obliterated, in order to protect their privacy. The volumes are open to research without restriction. Boxes 27 and 28 contain a copy of McGovern's final report titled Report of the Dalkon Shield Claims' Estimation Process, June 15, 1988.","From November 5 to 11, 1987, Judges Merhige and Shelley held hearings at which the various interested parties presented their estimates of the dollar value of the outstanding claims. Each party had hired experts to examine the data McGovern had compiled, and the work of these experts was presented at the hearing. Thomas Florence conducted the analysis and prepared the estimation for AHR. Other estimates were presented on behalf of the claimants' committee, Aetna, the official committee representing AHR shareholders, and the unsecured creditors. One month later Judge Merhige, having reviewed the estimates which ranged from $1.2 to 7.2 billion, announced that AHR's liability to claimants was $2.475 billion.","  On February 1, 1988, American Home Products agreed to acquire AHR, and on March 28, 1988 Robins filed its Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement Pursuant to Section 1125 of the Bankruptcy Code. This document begins with a summary of the case and a detailed overview of the settlement, followed by the Plan of Reorganization, the Claimants Trust and Other Claimants Trust Agreements, the Claims Resolution Facility, the Merger Agreement, and other documents. Along with letters of endorsement, relevant court orders and notices, and a ballot, the Disclosure Statement was mailed to all eligible claimants to vote on approval of the plan in late April 1988.","  This sub-series of 4 boxes and 1 carton (2.9 linear feet) contains the transcript of the hearing, Thomas Florence's estimation report, AHR memoranda on statute of limitations filed with the court at the time of estimation, and a copy of the disclosure statement with accompanying letters of endorsement, court orders and notices.","The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust opened in early 1988 with the appointment of five trustees, Barbara Blum, Kenneth Feinberg, Gene Locks, Stephen Saltzburg, and Ann Samani. The critical issue of how the Trust would be managed proved as controversial as most other aspects of the bankruptcy settlement. Consequently, within months disputes caused the resignations of Blum, Samani, and Locks. One of the new appointees, Georgene Vairo, eventually became chair of the Trust and remained in that post until it closed.","  Meanwhile the trustees hired Michael Sheppard, clerk of the bankruptcy court in Richmond, as executive director of the Trust. Others administrators hired shortly thereafter included Teri Lovelace and Ann Peters. At its peak the Trust employed a staff of almost four hundred. The staff included attorneys to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team consisting of Lynn Greer, Susan Manardo, and Patricia Powis whose job was to oversee and coordinate representation of the Trust in cases that went to arbitration or litigation. Richmond lawyers Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown were hired as outside counsel. The legal department grew along with the caseload. Assisting the Trust staff were attorneys chosen in regions throughout the U.S., and in other countries, as required to handle local litigation. In addition, local defense attorneys were hired on a case-by-case basis when a claim went to arbitration or litigation.","  The papers of the Trust include the Central Records Library (CRL), the official staff files which document the innumerable mailings to claimants, claims processing, and other Trust administrative matters, as well as the Trustees' minutes. Although the collection does not contain the files of administrative heads of the Trust, some of their correspondence and inter-office communications can be found in the CRL. The collection does include the files of the Trust's outside counsel, Orran L. Brown.","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","File Removed by DSCT Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list in Oversize Box 144, removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list in folder no. 1 removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant information removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","Documents with claimant identification removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004","7 folders","Mailing list removed by DSCT Redaction Team, 2/2004","File removed by DSCT, 2/2004"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMultiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAny rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A. H. Robins Company"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A. H. Robins Company"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A. H. Robins Company"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":824,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:34:46.863Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c04_c49"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers","Series 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes [boxes 3-5]"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers","Series 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes [boxes 3-5]"],"text":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers","Series 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes [boxes 3-5]","Wyoming County","Box 5","Folder 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County","title_ssm":["Wyoming County"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979–1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":73,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980],"containers_ssim":["Box 5","Folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#48","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:26:04.763Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1272.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208473","title_ssm":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"title_tesim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1967-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"text":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272","J. Davitt McAteer Papers","UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.","Series include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)","This series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.","This series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.","This series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","McAteer, J. Davitt","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_ssim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creators_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy."],"access_subjects_ssm":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.08 Linear Feet 2 ft. 1 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["2.08 Linear Feet 2 ft. 1 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], J. Davitt McAteer Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3088, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], J. Davitt McAteer Papers, A\u0026M 3088, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.","Series include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)","This series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.","This series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.","This series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9f482e71e0f807828bdd33497ade1ac6\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","McAteer, J. Davitt"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"persname_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:26:04.763Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272_c02_c49"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Huddle Family Papers","Box 8: Charles Huddle, Sr. Professional and Personal Papers; Memorabilia; Newsclippings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Huddle Family Papers","Box 8: Charles Huddle, Sr. Professional and Personal Papers; Memorabilia; Newsclippings"],"text":["Huddle Family Papers","Box 8: Charles Huddle, Sr. Professional and Personal Papers; Memorabilia; Newsclippings","Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings","box 8","folder 30"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings","title_ssm":["Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe-Bland Water Authority- News Clippings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Huddle Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":226,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 30"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#29","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:50.108Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1709.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Huddle Family Papers","title_ssm":["Huddle Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Huddle Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.084"],"text":["Ms.1989.084","Huddle Family Papers","Wythe County (Va.)","Coal mines and mining","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)","Photographs","The collection is open for research.","The collection is in its original order. In addition to a folder-level list, the contents list below includes a brief description of the type of materials found in each box and the family member to which they relate.","Charles Ross Huddle (1885-1970) and his son Charles Richard Huddle (1911-1986) were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, who served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. ","External sources:","\"Charles Ross Huddle\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85599696/charles-ross-huddle , accessed July 2, 2024.","\"Charles Richard Huddle Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85601773/charles_richard_huddle , accessed July 2, 2024.","The guide to the Huddle Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Huddle Family Papers was completed in September 2014. Some initial labeling of materials was completed prior to 2000. Additional processing and the majority of the collection description was completed in 2014.","This collection contains papers associated with Charles Ross Huddle and his son Charles Richard Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. The papers include the Huddles' personal and business correspondence, W. F. Rupp's correspondence (business manager of the Ivanhoe Furnace Company's home office in Pittsburgh), and A. B. Dally's correspondence (chief executive officer of Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation), reports, business ledgers, employee records, deeds, blueprints, and approximately 300 photographs of Ivanhoe and the businesses with which the Huddles were associated. The collection also includes Charles Richard Huddle's files on St. John's Episcopal Church and Wythe county, and the local Ruritan Club. Papers date from the 1850s to the 1970s.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection primarily contains papers associated with Charles Huddle and his son Charles Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. In addition, the collection contains some personal correspondence, memorabilia, and business papers of the family. Materials date from the 1850s to the 1970s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation","Air Reduction Company (1915-1971)","National Carbide Company","Ivanhoe Furnace Company","Huddle family","Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.084"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Huddle Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Huddle Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Huddle Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Wythe County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986","Huddle family"],"creator_ssim":["Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986","Huddle family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Huddle family"],"creators_ssim":["Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986","Huddle family"],"places_ssim":["Wythe County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mines and mining","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mines and mining","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.2 Cubic Feet 11 boxes and 6 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["13.2 Cubic Feet 11 boxes and 6 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is in its original order. In addition to a folder-level list, the contents list below includes a brief description of the type of materials found in each box and the family member to which they relate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is in its original order. In addition to a folder-level list, the contents list below includes a brief description of the type of materials found in each box and the family member to which they relate."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Ross Huddle (1885-1970) and his son Charles Richard Huddle (1911-1986) were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, who served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles Ross Huddle\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85599696/charles-ross-huddle\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85599696/charles-ross-huddle\u003c/a\u003e, accessed July 2, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles Richard Huddle Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85601773/charles_richard_huddle\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85601773/charles_richard_huddle\u003c/a\u003e, accessed July 2, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Ross Huddle (1885-1970) and his son Charles Richard Huddle (1911-1986) were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, who served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. ","External sources:","\"Charles Ross Huddle\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85599696/charles-ross-huddle , accessed July 2, 2024.","\"Charles Richard Huddle Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85601773/charles_richard_huddle , accessed July 2, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Huddle Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Huddle Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Huddle Family Papers, 1854-1983, Ms1989-084, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Huddle Family Papers, 1854-1983, Ms1989-084, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Huddle Family Papers was completed in September 2014. Some initial labeling of materials was completed prior to 2000. Additional processing and the majority of the collection description was completed in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Huddle Family Papers was completed in September 2014. Some initial labeling of materials was completed prior to 2000. Additional processing and the majority of the collection description was completed in 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers associated with Charles Ross Huddle and his son Charles Richard Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. The papers include the Huddles' personal and business correspondence, W. F. Rupp's correspondence (business manager of the Ivanhoe Furnace Company's home office in Pittsburgh), and A. B. Dally's correspondence (chief executive officer of Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation), reports, business ledgers, employee records, deeds, blueprints, and approximately 300 photographs of Ivanhoe and the businesses with which the Huddles were associated. The collection also includes Charles Richard Huddle's files on St. John's Episcopal Church and Wythe county, and the local Ruritan Club. Papers date from the 1850s to the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers associated with Charles Ross Huddle and his son Charles Richard Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. The papers include the Huddles' personal and business correspondence, W. F. Rupp's correspondence (business manager of the Ivanhoe Furnace Company's home office in Pittsburgh), and A. B. Dally's correspondence (chief executive officer of Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation), reports, business ledgers, employee records, deeds, blueprints, and approximately 300 photographs of Ivanhoe and the businesses with which the Huddles were associated. The collection also includes Charles Richard Huddle's files on St. John's Episcopal Church and Wythe county, and the local Ruritan Club. Papers date from the 1850s to the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_783bd0274aa9df28fa958183b222f94e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection primarily contains papers associated with Charles Huddle and his son Charles Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. In addition, the collection contains some personal correspondence, memorabilia, and business papers of the family. Materials date from the 1850s to the 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection primarily contains papers associated with Charles Huddle and his son Charles Huddle who were mining engineers in Ivanhoe, Virginia, and served in various capacities with the National Carbide Company; Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation (formerly the Ivanhoe Furnace Company); New River Mineral Company; and Sand Mountain Sand Corporation. In addition, the collection contains some personal correspondence, memorabilia, and business papers of the family. Materials date from the 1850s to the 1970s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation","Air Reduction Company (1915-1971)","National Carbide Company","Ivanhoe Furnace Company","Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation","Air Reduction Company (1915-1971)","National Carbide Company","Ivanhoe Furnace Company","Huddle family","Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ivanhoe Mining and Smelting Corporation","Air Reduction Company (1915-1971)","National Carbide Company","Ivanhoe Furnace Company"],"famname_ssim":["Huddle family"],"persname_ssim":["Huddle, Charles Ross, 1885-1970","Huddle, Royall","Huddle, Charles Richard, 1911-1986"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":284,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:50.108Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1709_c08_c30"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe County","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series III: Virginia County Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series III: Virginia County Records"],"text":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Series III: Virginia County Records","Wythe County","box 39","folder 58"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe County","title_ssm":["Wythe County"],"title_tesim":["Wythe County"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["n.d., 1860-1865, 1894, 1996, 2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe County"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":343,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"containers_ssim":["box 39","folder 58"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#99","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1974.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robertson, James I., Papers","title_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1994.021"],"text":["Ms.1994.021","James I. Robertson Jr. Papers","Virginia","Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History","Collection is open to research.","Series I: Writings, 1981-2004  This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for  Jackson \u0026 Lee , for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. ","Series II: General Materials, 1862-1996  All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. ","Series III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005  This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011  This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.  This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. ","American Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. ","Robertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including  Soldiers Blue and Gray  (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History),  Civil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation  (1991),  General A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior ; and  Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend  (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers:  Civil War! America Becomes One Nation  (1992) and  Standing Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson  (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. ","The guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Accession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022.","The papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.","Introduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Beth Brown","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Ed Raus","with corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Dennis Frye","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by author","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown","with corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins","with author's final corrections; 4 folders","with publisher's final corrections; 2 folders","with publisher's comments","with corrections by author","with corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)","with corrections by Charles Roland","with corrections by Gary Gallagher","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","incorporating publisher's revisions","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by unidentified person","with corrections by unidentified person","limited edition signed print by Brian Kraus","The following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:","Barringer, Paul B.  Narrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968  ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  Echoes of 1861-1961  ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  The Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table  ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec","Wilshin, Francis.  Manassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia  (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. Also contains a small set of general materials which includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Robertson, James I., Jr.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1994.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James I. Robertson Jr. Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"places_ssim":["Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robertson Papers were donated by James I. and Elizabeth Robertson in several accessions from 1992 until 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.4 Cubic Feet 43 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["30.4 Cubic Feet 43 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Writings, 1981-2004\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eJackson \u0026amp; Lee\u003c/title\u003e, for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: General Materials, 1862-1996\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Writings, 1981-2004  This series contains research notes, manuscript and typescript drafts, edited working copies, master copies and galley proofs for 10 books and two articles published between 1982 and 2004. The series is arranged by the works' chronological order of publication. The materials for each work are arranged in chronological order, according to the dates supplied. (Where dates were unavailable, the sequence was determined by comparing the different drafts.) The drafts include revisions made by Robertson and others (identified in the individual folder descriptions, when possible). The series' holdings are not comprehensive and do not include every draft of every work. The subseries for  Jackson \u0026 Lee , for example, contains only a typescript draft of a single chapter. ","Series II: General Materials, 1862-1996  All materials not directly related to the writing and publication of Robertson's works are assembled within this series, which includes items pertaining to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park, manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson, a list of articles written by Robertson and assorted ephemera. Materials are arranged by function. ","Series III: Virginia County Records, 1852-2005  This series contains records of Virginia counties during and after the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series IV: Virginia Unit Records, 1849-2011  This series contains records of Virginia  units during the American Civil War, including xeroxed sets of letters as well as additional records of individuals and other ephemeral material.","Series V: Oversize Materials, [1982?]-2000, n.d.  This series consists of oversize galley proofs which were too large to be filed in Series I. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in Series I. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldiers Blue and Gray\u003c/title\u003e (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation\u003c/title\u003e (1991), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeneral A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior\u003c/title\u003e; and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend\u003c/title\u003e (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War! America Becomes One Nation\u003c/title\u003e (1992) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStanding Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson\u003c/title\u003e (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["American Civil War historian and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, James I. \"Bud\" Robertson, Jr. (1930-2019) was born in Danville, Virginia. After graduating from Randolph-Macon College (B.A., 1955), Robertson obtained his M.A. (1956) and Ph.D. (1959) at Emory University and served as a teaching fellow (instructor in history) at Emory from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 to 1961, Robertson served as editor of Civil War History, a quarterly journal published by the University of Iowa. In 1961, he was appointed executive director of the National Civil War Centennial Commission by President John F. Kennedy and served until 1965, supervising the national observance of the Civil War centenary. Robertson served as professor of history at the University of Montana from 1965 until 1967, when he joined the faculty of Virginia Tech. He served as History Department head from 1969 to 1977, and was C. P. Miles Professor of History from 1977 to 1992. He became Alumni Distinguished Professor of History in 1992. ","Robertson has authored many award-winning scholarly books on Civil War-related topics, including  Soldiers Blue and Gray  (1988) (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in History),  Civil War Virginia: Battleground for a Nation  (1991),  General A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior ; and  Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend  (1997). He has also written two books for younger readers:  Civil War! America Becomes One Nation  (1992) and  Standing Like a Stone Wall: the Life of General Thomas J. Jackson  (2001). Robertson has been a contributing author and editor for several other works; his articles, too numerous to list here, have appeared in many encyclopedias, Civil War magazines and historical society journals. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession, Ms1994-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James I. Robertson Jr. Papers, Accession, Ms1994-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accession I was processed in May 1996 by Helen Harrison, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, manuscripts curator. Processing, arrangement and description of Accession II commenced in September 2002 and was completed in November 2002. The two accessions were merged at this time. Additional accessions processed by Miles Abernethy from Janruary to May 2022 and August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntroduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Beth Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Ed Raus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Dennis Frye\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Richard Harwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith author's final corrections; 4 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's final corrections; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Charles Roland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Gary Gallagher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincorporating publisher's revisions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith publisher's comments; 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by author\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by unidentified person\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith corrections by unidentified person\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elimited edition signed print by Brian Kraus\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of James I. Robertson Jr., American Civil War historian, author, and Alumni Distinguished Professor of History at Virginia Tech, span the dates 1849 to 2011 and are comprised of writings, research papers, and collected original materials for the Civil War and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The writings consist of materials (research notes, manuscript drafts, typescript drafts and galley proofs) related to the writing and publication of a portion of Robertson's books and articles between 1982 and 2004, a large collection of notes and records of Virginia county and Civil War activity, and a collection of Virginia Civil War unit notes, records, and correspondence. Some general materials includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park and a few manuscript drafts for various speeches made by Robertson.","Introduction; Pre-1848; Post-Mexican War; Coming of War; Williamsburg; Promotion to Brigadier General; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Frayser's Farm; End of Seven Days' Campaign; Cedar Mountain; Second Manassas; Antietam Creek; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Bristoe Station; Wilderness; Petersburg; 1865","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Beth Brown, Richard Harwell and Random House","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Beth Brown","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Ed Raus","with corrections by Robert Krick and Ed Raus","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by Dennis Frye","with corrections by Richard Harwell","with corrections by author","with corrections by Elizabeth Robertson, Harry Pfanz and Beth Brown","with corrections by Beth Brown and Chris Calkins","with author's final corrections; 4 folders","with publisher's final corrections; 2 folders","with publisher's comments","with corrections by author","with corrections by Ludwell Johnson (chapters 1-5 only)","with corrections by Charles Roland","with corrections by Gary Gallagher","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","incorporating publisher's revisions","with publisher's comments; 2 folders","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by Lowell Reidenbaugh","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by author","with corrections by unidentified person","with corrections by unidentified person","limited edition signed print by Brian Kraus"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarringer, Paul B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNarrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnston, J. Ambler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEchoes of 1861-1961\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnston, J. Ambler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilshin, Francis. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following publications have been separated to the Rare Books Collection of VT Special Collections and University Archives:","Barringer, Paul B.  Narrative of Pilgrimage to Cedar Mountain and Manassas Battlefields, September 4-5, 1968  ([Richmond?: s.n., 1968?]) E472.183 N377 1968 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  Echoes of 1861-1961  ([Richmond]: privately printed, 1970) F227 .J6 1970 c.3 Civil War Spec","Johnston, J. Ambler.  The Civil War 1861-1865 in Arkansas and Missouri: Notes on the April, 1967 Trip of the Chicago Civil War Round Table  ([Richmond]: Distributed by the Virginia State Penitentiary, 1967) E470.4 .J647 1967 c.2 Civil War Spec","Wilshin, Francis.  Manassas (Bull Run) National Battlefield Park, Virginia  (Washington D.C., 1957) Docs I 29.58:15/2 Civil War Spec"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_591a58887f476736372340a2230c0d66\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. Also contains a small set of general materials which includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes research notes, manuscripts, typescript drafts, working copies and galley proofs for books and articles written by Virginia Tech's Alumni Distinguished Professor of History James I. Robertson Jr., 1982-2001. Large collection of notes, papers, and correspondence relateing to Virginia Civil War counties and units. Also contains a small set of general materials which includes items related to the preservation of lands adjacent to Manassas National Battlefield Park."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Robertson, James I., Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Robertson, James I., Jr."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":516,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1974_c03_c100"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe County","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension","Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records","Subseries B. District Financial Records","Records by District","Southwest District"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension","Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records","Subseries B. District Financial Records","Records by District","Southwest District"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension","Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records","Subseries B. District Financial Records","Records by District","Southwest District","Wythe County","box 35","folder 7"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe County","title_ssm":["Wythe County"],"title_tesim":["Wythe County"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe County"],"component_level_isim":[5],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":902,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research, except for boxes 22 and 23 which are restricted for confidentiality and personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"containers_ssim":["box 35","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#1/components#1/components#5/components#18","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:43:59.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3065.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Cooperative Extension, Records of the","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.26"],"text":["RG.26","Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension","University Archives","Agricultural extension work","University Archives","University History","The collection is open for research, except for boxes 22 and 23 which are restricted for confidentiality and personally identifiable information.","Restricted due to confidentiality and personally identifiable information.","Duplicate budget books were removed from this collection and destroyed.","The Records of the Virginia cooperative Extension are organized into the following series:","Series I. Rural Communities, 1993-1994 Series II. Reports and and Statistics, 1926-1949 Series III. Bob Swain Records, 1907-1990 Series IV. Extension Administration Records, 1994-1997 Series V. Joint Legistlative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), 1962-1993 Series VI. Virginia Association of Extenison Secretaries, 1958-1993 Series VII. Lucy Is Still Here papers, 1980-1989 Series VIII. Slides, 1980-1989 Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records is arranged by material type, with most of original order retained, into two subseries:\n Subseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title. Subseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.","This series is arranged into two subseries by material type. ","Subseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title."," Subseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.","For the most part, the original order is retained.","\"Extension work at the university can trace its roots to 1906, when an extension program was established in Virginia. After the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 was passed, overall administration of extension, or demonstration, work was transferred to Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI), with Hampton Institute (later Hampton University) as a division initially serving Black communities. At that time, it became the Agricultural Extension Service, also called the Cooperative Extension Service. In 1930, Virginia State College (later Virginia State University (VSU)) took over the extension responsibilities of Hampton Institute.","In 1966, the Virginia General Assembly established the VPI Extension Division, which combined the Cooperative Extension Service, General Extension Division, State Technical Services, and Continuing Education Center. After passage of the 1977 U. S. Farm Bill, VSU's extension program became an equal partner to VT's program, rather than a division reporting to VT. In 1995, the Division became the Virginia Cooperative Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station Division, often shortened to the Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE), still operated jointly by VT and VSU today.\"","Edwin Jones became the director of Virginia Cooperative Extension and associate dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences in April 2011. Prior to that he served as associate director and state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; associate state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; assistant department head and department extension leader in forestry; and as extension wildlife specialist and professor of forestry at NC State University. He has also served as extension wildlife specialist at Mississippi State University. Jones earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from the University of Washington, and master of science and a doctoral degree from Virginia Tech in fisheries and wildlife science. He has held leadership positions in the Extension Disaster Education Network, the National Association of Community Development Extension Professionals, and the Southern Region Program Leader Network.","The guide to the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Audiovisual materials require special equipment to access. Special Collections and University Archives has equipment for accessing DVDs and  VHS tapes. Other audiovisual materials in this collection may not be accessible due to format.","Initial minimal description of the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension was completed in August 2019. The processing, arrangement, and description was completed in December 2019. Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records was integrated in July 2021.","Additional unprocessed records and ephemera are available upon request. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives staff for more information.","This collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain. ","The records are divided into eight seires. The first series, Rural Communities, contains videotapes from Rural Communities and notes. Series II, Reports and Statistics, includes statistical and narrative doruments, annual reports, plans of work, and progress reports. ","The third series, Bob Swain records, are subdivided chronologically. This series includes budgets, financial statements and reports, allotment estimates, salaries, expenditures, legistlative documents, treasurer's statements, interest on federal funds, and extension donations. ","Series four, Extension Administration Records, is restricted due to the contents containing perosnal information. The fifth series, JLARC, contains action reports, correspondence, news and media, recordings and other documents relating to the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1862 to 1993. Series six, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, contains correspondence, meeting notes, newsletters, and other documents from 1958-1993. The seventh series contains papers from the presentation Lucy is Still Here, and the last series, Slides, contain slides from New 4-H leader orientation and inflation.","Additional audiovisual tapes and reels are available, and a separate inventory is online.","Memorandum of Agreement between CES, Soil Conservation Soceity of America and the Va. Resource Education Council","Payroll reimbursements, Budget purposal, extension staff support, group statistics, outreach service consideration","This series includes administrative and financial documents relating to Virginia Cooperative Extension. Materials date from 1915 to 1997. Administrative documents contain the USDA administrative expectations for Cooperative extension programs and VCE specific policies. Other materials include publications, meeting minutes, photographs of newly trained extension workers, newspaper clippings, and a study of Virginia Cooperative Extension completed by the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget. A report about Seaman A. Knapp, produced by his college, is also a part of the contents. District Financial Records contain documents relating to the budget, appropriations, and employment, separated into three subgroups. Records by Date, containing budget requests, is organized by year, from 1968 to 1982 and 1994. Records by District contain budget requests, correspondence regarding appropriations and employment opportunities. The materials are organized by district and further by unit, either a county or city, following the Virginia Cooperative Extension assignment of local offices. ","To learn more about local offices are organined, see: \n https://ext.vt.edu/offices.html","\nThe 1995 Budget Restoration contains news articles specific to the VCE budget restoration efforts, letters of support, thank you letters, and signed county resolutions.","Publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain and Edwin J. Jones. The collection also documents the VCE's role in Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, and their work within rural communities.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["RG.26"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension were transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in 2015 and 2016. Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records were tranferred in June 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University Archives","Agricultural extension work","University Archives","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University Archives","Agricultural extension work","University Archives","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["29.32 Cubic Feet 35 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["29.32 Cubic Feet 35 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research, except for boxes 22 and 23 which are restricted for confidentiality and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted due to confidentiality and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research, except for boxes 22 and 23 which are restricted for confidentiality and personally identifiable information.","Restricted due to confidentiality and personally identifiable information."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicate budget books were removed from this collection and destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicate budget books were removed from this collection and destroyed."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Records of the Virginia cooperative Extension are organized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rural Communities, 1993-1994\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Reports and and Statistics, 1926-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Bob Swain Records, 1907-1990\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Extension Administration Records, 1994-1997\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Joint Legistlative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), 1962-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Virginia Association of Extenison Secretaries, 1958-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Lucy Is Still Here papers, 1980-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Slides, 1980-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records is arranged by material type, with most of original order retained, into two subseries:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSubseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSubseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged into two subseries by material type. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Subseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the most part, the original order is retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Records of the Virginia cooperative Extension are organized into the following series:","Series I. Rural Communities, 1993-1994 Series II. Reports and and Statistics, 1926-1949 Series III. Bob Swain Records, 1907-1990 Series IV. Extension Administration Records, 1994-1997 Series V. Joint Legistlative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), 1962-1993 Series VI. Virginia Association of Extenison Secretaries, 1958-1993 Series VII. Lucy Is Still Here papers, 1980-1989 Series VIII. Slides, 1980-1989 Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records is arranged by material type, with most of original order retained, into two subseries:\n Subseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title. Subseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.","This series is arranged into two subseries by material type. ","Subseries A: Administrative Documents. This includes meeting minutes, USDA budgets, newspaper clippings, and speeches. Materials are organized by type. Folders are arranged alphabetically by folder title."," Subseries B: District Financial Records. These are divided into three subgroups; Records by date, organized chronologically; Records by District, arranged alphabetically by county name with the individual folders organized chronologically; 1995 Budget restoration, including newspaper articles, correspondence, and budget reports, arranged alphabetically.","For the most part, the original order is retained."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Extension work at the university can trace its roots to 1906, when an extension program was established in Virginia. After the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 was passed, overall administration of extension, or demonstration, work was transferred to Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI), with Hampton Institute (later Hampton University) as a division initially serving Black communities. At that time, it became the Agricultural Extension Service, also called the Cooperative Extension Service. In 1930, Virginia State College (later Virginia State University (VSU)) took over the extension responsibilities of Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, the Virginia General Assembly established the VPI Extension Division, which combined the Cooperative Extension Service, General Extension Division, State Technical Services, and Continuing Education Center. After passage of the 1977 U. S. Farm Bill, VSU's extension program became an equal partner to VT's program, rather than a division reporting to VT. In 1995, the Division became the Virginia Cooperative Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station Division, often shortened to the Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE), still operated jointly by VT and VSU today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Jones became the director of Virginia Cooperative Extension and associate dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences in April 2011. Prior to that he served as associate director and state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; associate state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; assistant department head and department extension leader in forestry; and as extension wildlife specialist and professor of forestry at NC State University. He has also served as extension wildlife specialist at Mississippi State University. Jones earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from the University of Washington, and master of science and a doctoral degree from Virginia Tech in fisheries and wildlife science. He has held leadership positions in the Extension Disaster Education Network, the National Association of Community Development Extension Professionals, and the Southern Region Program Leader Network.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Adminsitrative History","Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"Extension work at the university can trace its roots to 1906, when an extension program was established in Virginia. After the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 was passed, overall administration of extension, or demonstration, work was transferred to Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI), with Hampton Institute (later Hampton University) as a division initially serving Black communities. At that time, it became the Agricultural Extension Service, also called the Cooperative Extension Service. In 1930, Virginia State College (later Virginia State University (VSU)) took over the extension responsibilities of Hampton Institute.","In 1966, the Virginia General Assembly established the VPI Extension Division, which combined the Cooperative Extension Service, General Extension Division, State Technical Services, and Continuing Education Center. After passage of the 1977 U. S. Farm Bill, VSU's extension program became an equal partner to VT's program, rather than a division reporting to VT. In 1995, the Division became the Virginia Cooperative Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station Division, often shortened to the Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE), still operated jointly by VT and VSU today.\"","Edwin Jones became the director of Virginia Cooperative Extension and associate dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences in April 2011. Prior to that he served as associate director and state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; associate state program leader for Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Community and Rural Development; assistant department head and department extension leader in forestry; and as extension wildlife specialist and professor of forestry at NC State University. He has also served as extension wildlife specialist at Mississippi State University. Jones earned a bachelor's degree in zoology from the University of Washington, and master of science and a doctoral degree from Virginia Tech in fisheries and wildlife science. He has held leadership positions in the Extension Disaster Education Network, the National Association of Community Development Extension Professionals, and the Southern Region Program Leader Network."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual materials require special equipment to access. Special Collections and University Archives has equipment for accessing DVDs and  VHS tapes. Other audiovisual materials in this collection may not be accessible due to format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Audiovisual materials require special equipment to access. Special Collections and University Archives has equipment for accessing DVDs and  VHS tapes. Other audiovisual materials in this collection may not be accessible due to format."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, RG 26, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, RG 26, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInitial minimal description of the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension was completed in August 2019. The processing, arrangement, and description was completed in December 2019. Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records was integrated in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed records and ephemera are available upon request. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Initial minimal description of the Records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension was completed in August 2019. The processing, arrangement, and description was completed in December 2019. Series IX. Office of the Director, Edwin J. Jones, Records was integrated in July 2021.","Additional unprocessed records and ephemera are available upon request. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives staff for more information."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into eight seires. The first series, Rural Communities, contains videotapes from Rural Communities and notes. Series II, Reports and Statistics, includes statistical and narrative doruments, annual reports, plans of work, and progress reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third series, Bob Swain records, are subdivided chronologically. This series includes budgets, financial statements and reports, allotment estimates, salaries, expenditures, legistlative documents, treasurer's statements, interest on federal funds, and extension donations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries four, Extension Administration Records, is restricted due to the contents containing perosnal information. The fifth series, JLARC, contains action reports, correspondence, news and media, recordings and other documents relating to the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1862 to 1993. Series six, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, contains correspondence, meeting notes, newsletters, and other documents from 1958-1993. The seventh series contains papers from the presentation Lucy is Still Here, and the last series, Slides, contain slides from New 4-H leader orientation and inflation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1JbWX1Eu9BoB2VT-m186O11E22abIGsafgUw_RlnBses/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAdditional audiovisual tapes and reels are available, and a separate inventory is online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorandum of Agreement between CES, Soil Conservation Soceity of America and the Va. Resource Education Council\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePayroll reimbursements, Budget purposal, extension staff support, group statistics, outreach service consideration\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes administrative and financial documents relating to Virginia Cooperative Extension. Materials date from 1915 to 1997. Administrative documents contain the USDA administrative expectations for Cooperative extension programs and VCE specific policies. Other materials include publications, meeting minutes, photographs of newly trained extension workers, newspaper clippings, and a study of Virginia Cooperative Extension completed by the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget. A report about Seaman A. Knapp, produced by his college, is also a part of the contents. District Financial Records contain documents relating to the budget, appropriations, and employment, separated into three subgroups. Records by Date, containing budget requests, is organized by year, from 1968 to 1982 and 1994. Records by District contain budget requests, correspondence regarding appropriations and employment opportunities. The materials are organized by district and further by unit, either a county or city, following the Virginia Cooperative Extension assignment of local offices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo learn more about local offices are organined, see: \n\u003ca href=\"https://ext.vt.edu/offices.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://ext.vt.edu/offices.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1995 Budget Restoration contains news articles specific to the VCE budget restoration efforts, letters of support, thank you letters, and signed county resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain. ","The records are divided into eight seires. The first series, Rural Communities, contains videotapes from Rural Communities and notes. Series II, Reports and Statistics, includes statistical and narrative doruments, annual reports, plans of work, and progress reports. ","The third series, Bob Swain records, are subdivided chronologically. This series includes budgets, financial statements and reports, allotment estimates, salaries, expenditures, legistlative documents, treasurer's statements, interest on federal funds, and extension donations. ","Series four, Extension Administration Records, is restricted due to the contents containing perosnal information. The fifth series, JLARC, contains action reports, correspondence, news and media, recordings and other documents relating to the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1862 to 1993. Series six, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, contains correspondence, meeting notes, newsletters, and other documents from 1958-1993. The seventh series contains papers from the presentation Lucy is Still Here, and the last series, Slides, contain slides from New 4-H leader orientation and inflation.","Additional audiovisual tapes and reels are available, and a separate inventory is online.","Memorandum of Agreement between CES, Soil Conservation Soceity of America and the Va. Resource Education Council","Payroll reimbursements, Budget purposal, extension staff support, group statistics, outreach service consideration","This series includes administrative and financial documents relating to Virginia Cooperative Extension. Materials date from 1915 to 1997. Administrative documents contain the USDA administrative expectations for Cooperative extension programs and VCE specific policies. Other materials include publications, meeting minutes, photographs of newly trained extension workers, newspaper clippings, and a study of Virginia Cooperative Extension completed by the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget. A report about Seaman A. Knapp, produced by his college, is also a part of the contents. District Financial Records contain documents relating to the budget, appropriations, and employment, separated into three subgroups. Records by Date, containing budget requests, is organized by year, from 1968 to 1982 and 1994. Records by District contain budget requests, correspondence regarding appropriations and employment opportunities. The materials are organized by district and further by unit, either a county or city, following the Virginia Cooperative Extension assignment of local offices. ","To learn more about local offices are organined, see: \n https://ext.vt.edu/offices.html","\nThe 1995 Budget Restoration contains news articles specific to the VCE budget restoration efforts, letters of support, thank you letters, and signed county resolutions."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f96017f76b4b7ca63792328cd56b5110\"\u003eThis collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain and Edwin J. Jones. The collection also documents the VCE's role in Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, and their work within rural communities.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the administrative records of the Virginia Cooperative Extension, including correspondence, reports, financial documents, slides, videos, and the records of Bob Swain and Edwin J. Jones. The collection also documents the VCE's role in Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, Virginia Association of Extension Secretaries, and their work within rural communities."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Cooperative Extension (1995-)","Virginia Cooperative Extension Service","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":926,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:43:59.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3065_c09_c02_c02_c06_c19"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe County Houses,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"text":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers","Wythe County Houses,","box 5","folder 20"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe County Houses,","title_ssm":["Wythe County Houses,"],"title_tesim":["Wythe County Houses,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1979-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe County Houses,"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":92,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 20"],"_nest_path_":"/components#91","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2646.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Shackelford, George Green, Student Papers\n","title_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1963-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.006"],"text":["Ms.2011.006","George Green Shackelford Student Papers","Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","Geroge G. Shackelford (1921-2010) was a Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1955-1986, and Professor Emeritus since 1986. Among various projects, Shackelford helped start the renovations of Smithfield Plantation at Virginia Tech. He also served on the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and on the board of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. ","Shackelford was married to Grace Howard McConnell Shackelford. He died in November 2010. ","The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.","See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. The paper topics cover specific people, places, or general geographic locations throughout Virginia, as well as some locations in West Virginia and North Carolina. Papers detail the history and design of the building or structure in question, and often include pictures and floor plans. Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History","Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"creator_ssim":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"creators_ssim":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Green Shackelford Student Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeroge G. Shackelford (1921-2010) was a Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1955-1986, and Professor Emeritus since 1986. Among various projects, Shackelford helped start the renovations of Smithfield Plantation at Virginia Tech. He also served on the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and on the board of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShackelford was married to Grace Howard McConnell Shackelford. He died in November 2010. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Geroge G. Shackelford (1921-2010) was a Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1955-1986, and Professor Emeritus since 1986. Among various projects, Shackelford helped start the renovations of Smithfield Plantation at Virginia Tech. He also served on the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and on the board of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. ","Shackelford was married to Grace Howard McConnell Shackelford. He died in November 2010. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e, also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. The paper topics cover specific people, places, or general geographic locations throughout Virginia, as well as some locations in West Virginia and North Carolina. Papers detail the history and design of the building or structure in question, and often include pictures and floor plans. Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. The paper topics cover specific people, places, or general geographic locations throughout Virginia, as well as some locations in West Virginia and North Carolina. Papers detail the history and design of the building or structure in question, and often include pictures and floor plans. Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14b04b32868c862592822cd5bfcdbc79\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History","Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History"],"persname_ssim":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":93,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c92"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe County Jail and Courthouse,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c91","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c91"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c91","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"text":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers","Wythe County Jail and Courthouse,","box 5","folder 19"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe County Jail and Courthouse, ","title_ssm":["Wythe County Jail and Courthouse,"],"title_tesim":["Wythe County Jail and Courthouse,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1977-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1977/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe County Jail and Courthouse,"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978,1979,1980],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 19"],"_nest_path_":"/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2646.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Shackelford, George Green, Student Papers\n","title_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1963-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.006"],"text":["Ms.2011.006","George Green Shackelford Student Papers","Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","Geroge G. Shackelford (1921-2010) was a Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1955-1986, and Professor Emeritus since 1986. Among various projects, Shackelford helped start the renovations of Smithfield Plantation at Virginia Tech. He also served on the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and on the board of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. ","Shackelford was married to Grace Howard McConnell Shackelford. He died in November 2010. ","The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.","See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. The paper topics cover specific people, places, or general geographic locations throughout Virginia, as well as some locations in West Virginia and North Carolina. Papers detail the history and design of the building or structure in question, and often include pictures and floor plans. Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Green Shackelford Student Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeroge G. 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"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e, also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. 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Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14b04b32868c862592822cd5bfcdbc79\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History","Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 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Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#92","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2646.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Shackelford, George Green, Student Papers\n","title_ssm":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Green Shackelford Student Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1963-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.006"],"text":["Ms.2011.006","George Green Shackelford Student Papers","Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","Geroge G. Shackelford (1921-2010) was a Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1955-1986, and Professor Emeritus since 1986. Among various projects, Shackelford helped start the renovations of Smithfield Plantation at Virginia Tech. He also served on the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and on the board of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. ","Shackelford was married to Grace Howard McConnell Shackelford. He died in November 2010. ","The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.","See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. The paper topics cover specific people, places, or general geographic locations throughout Virginia, as well as some locations in West Virginia and North Carolina. Papers detail the history and design of the building or structure in question, and often include pictures and floor plans. Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Green Shackelford Student Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in alphabetical order, as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeroge G. 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"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Green Shackelford Student Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Green Shackelford Student Papers, Ms2011-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Green Shackelford Student Papers was completed in February 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e, also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008 , also at the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989. 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Items have been kept in their original order as organized by Dr. Shackelford."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14b04b32868c862592822cd5bfcdbc79\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains student papers from Dr. George Green Shackelford's Historic Preservation classes at Virginia Tech, spanning 1963-1989."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History","Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of History"],"persname_ssim":["Shackelford, George Green, 1921-2010"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":93,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2646_c93"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W-Z","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 1: Alphabetical correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 1: Alphabetical correspondence"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 1: Alphabetical correspondence","W-Z","box 106","folder 8"],"title_filing_ssi":"W-Z","title_ssm":["W-Z"],"title_tesim":["W-Z"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976/1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W-Z"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1491,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"containers_ssim":["box 106","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#1187","timestamp":"2026-06-05T07:18:42.949Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"text":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","James M. Buchanan papers","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series Series 1: Biographical materials Series 2: Correspondence Series 3: Writings Series 4: Academia Series 5: Professional service Series 6: Betty Tillman papers Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers Series 8: Writings by others Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. ","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published  Public Principles of Public Debt . In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published  The Calculus of Consent . ","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including  Cost and Choice  (1969),  Academia in Anarchy  with Nicos Devletoglou (1970),  The Limits of Liberty  (1975), and  The Power to Tax  with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). ","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published  The Reason of Rules  (1985),  Better than Plowing  (1992), and  Politics by Principle, Not Interest  with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. ","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. ","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  ","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing  The Collected Works of James Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","Ann Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. ","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. ","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. ","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. ","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. ","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.","This subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.","This subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Contains CD","This subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Appears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","This subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.","The correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. ","Note that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.","Alphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Contains media: photographs","Restriction: FERPA and PII restriction.","Bulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.","contains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'","Potential preservation concerns (fading)","Folder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter","Flagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.","Folder restricted for letters of recommendation","Folder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Restricted for bank account information","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for personnel information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Contains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032","Folder restricted for FERPA","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.","includes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for bank account information","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.","Oversize item","contains photographs","Oversize item","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains photographs","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph and CD","Flagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.","Contains photograph.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.","Contains photographs","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph","Oversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips","Removed from binder","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.","Contains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Chronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.","Includes Ronald Reagan form letter","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","The writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Jo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably  Politics by Principle, Not Interest ,  The Return to Increasing Returns , and  Post-Socialist Political Economy  in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Note: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"","various titles","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.","This subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Many of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","This subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Includes correspondence discussed in lecture notes","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","This subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to  Papers on Non-Market Decision Making , a journal founded by the Center that later became  Public Choice . The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","This subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Betty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. ","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Donor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.","This subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. ","Tillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.","Contains book reviews of  Cost and Choice  and  Academia in Anarchy.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","This subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Betty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. ","Tillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.","This subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","includes floppy disc","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Contains photograph","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","There are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Jo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.","There are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.","This subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Folder restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains CD","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","The family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock . It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , materials related to  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","This subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","This series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.","Back cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply","contains annotations by Buchanan","Includes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.","Original discarded due to mold damage.","Scope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan","This series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.","Some materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed.","Issue of  The Wall Street Journal , December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series Series 1: Biographical materials Series 2: Correspondence Series 3: Writings Series 4: Academia Series 5: Professional service Series 6: Betty Tillman papers Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers Series 8: Writings by others Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnn Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. ","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published  Public Principles of Public Debt . In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published  The Calculus of Consent . ","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including  Cost and Choice  (1969),  Academia in Anarchy  with Nicos Devletoglou (1970),  The Limits of Liberty  (1975), and  The Power to Tax  with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). ","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published  The Reason of Rules  (1985),  Better than Plowing  (1992), and  Politics by Principle, Not Interest  with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. ","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. ","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  ","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing  The Collected Works of James Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","Ann Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","File","File"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. ","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. ","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains media: photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestriction: FERPA and PII restriction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePotential preservation concerns (fading)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted for bank account information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personnel information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for bank account information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from binder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Ronald Reagan form letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Return to Increasing Returns\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003ePost-Socialist Political Economy\u003c/title\u003e in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003evarious titles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence discussed in lecture notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to \u003ctitle\u003ePapers on Non-Market Decision Making\u003c/title\u003e, a journal founded by the Center that later became \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Choice\u003c/title\u003e. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains book reviews of \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e, published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e. It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e, materials related to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBack cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains annotations by Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal discarded due to mold damage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and 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Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. ","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. ","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. ","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.","This subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.","This subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Contains CD","This subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Appears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","This subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.","The correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. ","Note that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.","Alphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Contains media: photographs","Restriction: FERPA and PII restriction.","Bulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.","contains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'","Potential preservation concerns (fading)","Folder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter","Flagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.","Folder restricted for letters of recommendation","Folder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Restricted for bank account information","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for personnel information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Contains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032","Folder restricted for FERPA","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.","includes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for bank account information","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.","Oversize item","contains photographs","Oversize item","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains photographs","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph and CD","Flagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.","Contains photograph.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.","Contains photographs","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph","Oversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips","Removed from binder","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.","Contains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Chronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.","Includes Ronald Reagan form letter","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","The writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Jo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably  Politics by Principle, Not Interest ,  The Return to Increasing Returns , and  Post-Socialist Political Economy  in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Note: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"","various titles","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.","This subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Many of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","This subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Includes correspondence discussed in lecture notes","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","This subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to  Papers on Non-Market Decision Making , a journal founded by the Center that later became  Public Choice . The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","This subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Betty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. ","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Donor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.","This subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. ","Tillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.","Contains book reviews of  Cost and Choice  and  Academia in Anarchy.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","This subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Betty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. ","Tillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.","This subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","includes floppy disc","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Contains photograph","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","There are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Jo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.","There are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.","This subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Folder restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains CD","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","The family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock . It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , materials related to  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","This subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","This series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.","Back cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply","contains annotations by Buchanan","Includes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.","Original discarded due to mold damage.","Scope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan","This series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.","Some materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIssue of \u003ctitle\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003c/title\u003e, December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Issue of  The Wall Street Journal , December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-05T07:18:42.949Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c01_c1188"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":127},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":6907},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":9908},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":127},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1580},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":72},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":2654},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Randolph-Macon College","value":"Randolph-Macon College","hits":67},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Randolph-Macon+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":559},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1x1 Japan Exhibition Materials, 1965-2024","value":"1x1 Japan Exhibition Materials, 1965-2024","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=1x1+Japan+Exhibition+Materials%2C+1965-2024\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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