{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=12","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=11","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=13","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=591"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":12,"next_page":13,"prev_page":11,"total_pages":591,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":110,"total_count":5904,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gorin, Abbye A.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Abbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2043.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gorin, Abbey A., Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2006","1995-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1995-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1997.009"],"text":["Ms.1997.009","Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection","Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Abbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.","Sources: ","\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564 , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","The guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011.","Books written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's  catalog .","See also the  Abbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140 , in the Historic New Orleans Collection and  Abbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive , in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. ","The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Abbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","The materials in the colletion are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1997.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gorin, Abbye A."],"creator_ssim":["Gorin, Abbye A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gorin, Abbye A."],"creators_ssim":["Gorin, Abbye A."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1997, 2002, 2008, and 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564\"\u003ehttps://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Feb. 1, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Feb. 1, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.","Sources: ","\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564 , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin , accessed Feb. 1, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection, Ms1997-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection, Ms1997-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"catalog\"\u003ecatalog\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://hnoc.minisisinc.com/thnoc/catalog/1/1772\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140\u003c/a\u003e, in the Historic New Orleans Collection and \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archives.tulane.edu/repositories/8/resources/2317\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive\u003c/a\u003e, in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's  catalog .","See also the  Abbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140 , in the Historic New Orleans Collection and  Abbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive , in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb310e438d7821d101f5c82962c241d4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"persname_ssim":["Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the colletion are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:33:42.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2043.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gorin, Abbey A., Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2006","1995-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1995-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1997.009"],"text":["Ms.1997.009","Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection","Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Abbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.","Sources: ","\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564 , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","The guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011.","Books written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's  catalog .","See also the  Abbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140 , in the Historic New Orleans Collection and  Abbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive , in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. ","The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Abbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","The materials in the colletion are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1997.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abbye A. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1997, 2002, 2008, and 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564\"\u003ehttps://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Feb. 1, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Feb. 1, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin was born on August 22, 1927. An architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana, she graduated from the University of Texas at Austin (B.F.A., 1947), University of New Orleans (M.S., Urban Studies, 1985), and Virginia Tech (Ph.D., Environmental Design and Planning, 1989). Gorin died on August 4, 2017, and is buried in the Metaire Cemetery, New Orleans.","Sources: ","\"Abbye Gorin\" obituary, Legacy.com,  https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/theneworleansadvocate/name/abbye-gorin-obituary?id=10203564 , accessed Feb. 1, 2023.","\"Abbye Alexander Gorin\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/242282933/abbye-alexander-gorin , accessed Feb. 1, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the  Abbey A. Gorin Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection, Ms1997-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection, Ms1997-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection commenced and was completed in July 2010. An addition was integrated in March 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"catalog\"\u003ecatalog\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://hnoc.minisisinc.com/thnoc/catalog/1/1772\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140\u003c/a\u003e, in the Historic New Orleans Collection and \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archives.tulane.edu/repositories/8/resources/2317\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive\u003c/a\u003e, in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books written by Abbye Gorin may be found by performing a author search on \"Gorin, Abbye\" in the library's  catalog .","See also the  Abbye A. Gorin Collection, 2004.0140 , in the Historic New Orleans Collection and  Abbye A. Gorin Collection,  Photograph Collection 1, Image Archive , in the the Latin American Library of Tulane University. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Abbye A. Gorin Architectural Collection consists of a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The Rivergate was an exhibition center located in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Nathaniel Curtis, Jr., in the mid-1960s. It was demolished in 1995 to make way for a gambling casino. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. The collection also includes at 42-page \"Catalog of Work\" which has a curriculum vitae of Gorin's career achievements and lists her photographic collections located in the Historical New Orleans Collection and the Latin American Library at Tulane University. Various magazines are included with articles about or written by Gorin. Audio tape of an interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued audiotapes.  In 2011, Gorin submitted a CD entitled \"Remembering Milka, 1927-2010\" a photojournalism remembrance featuring 25 of Gorin's  photographs that have a some connection to Milka Bliznakov as remembered by Gorin."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb310e438d7821d101f5c82962c241d4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAbbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Abbye A. Gorin is an architectural researcher and writer of Metairie, Louisiana. Her collection contains a six-minute film entitled \"The Rivergate, 1968-1995,\" produced by Barbara Coleman and written by Gorin and Betty Moss. The film was created as a tribute to the building and as a protest to its demolition. Also present are a 42-page \"Catalog of Work,\" various magazines with articles about or written by Gorin, an audiocassette interview with the sculptor Angela Gregory, and a DVD containing 19 reissued interviews with Abraham Guillen and Samuel Wilson, Jr."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"persname_ssim":["Gorin, Abbye A.","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the colletion are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:33:42.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2043"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abelson-Adelman correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"text":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files","Abelson-Adelman correspondence","box 5","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abelson-Adelman correspondence","title_ssm":["Abelson-Adelman correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Abelson-Adelman correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-1949, 1980-1987, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abelson-Adelman correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":300,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:40:35.358Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Marshak, Robert E., Papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.060"],"text":["Ms.1988.060","Robert E. Marshak Papers","Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)","Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.","Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online .","The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. ","Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.","The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.","Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. ","The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creators_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert E. Marshak Papers were donated to Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) in three separate donations. Series I, also known as the Rochester Conference Papers, were donated in 1989. The remainder of the collection (Series II-IX) was acquired by SCUA in 1989 and 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1988_060_MarshakRobertEPapers\"\u003eavailible online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is dividied into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Personal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Organizations and Research\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Audio Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Oversized Materials \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTeaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvents at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTypical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics\u003c/title\u003e (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180521195133/http://spec.lib.vt.edu/marshk/bio.htm\"\u003eA fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4m3nf11n/\"\u003eRobert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)\u003c/a\u003e are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026amp; Archives maintains the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A287920\"\u003eMarshak Collection\u003c/a\u003e, a digital collection of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_635d9808d6804b3f3d25c41245f53f24\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c2b6b4b53b3eb16993d115314b9ced29\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:40:35.358Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News"],"text":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News","\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"","box 1","folder 39"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"","title_ssm":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\""],"title_tesim":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\""],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\""],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":44,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1978],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 39"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#16","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:54.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1788.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Corson, Blake W., Jr., Papers \n","title_ssm":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"title_tesim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1984","1934-1979"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1934-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1990.055"],"text":["Ms.1990.055","Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Physics","Science and Technology","Aeronautical engineers","Physicists","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Correspondence","Engineering Drawings","Memorandums","The collection is open for research.","This collection is organized into five series by material type.","Series I: Personal Papers, 1861-1865, 1962-1966, n.d.  includes Corson's resume, personal photographs, and materials relating to the Corson family history, genealogy, and copies of family correspondence. This series is arranged by material type.","Series II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.  consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.","Series III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.  contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. ","Major correspondents in this collection include:\n A.W. Vogley Abe Silverstien Acoustics Division (Position Transfer) Admiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News) Anita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing) Bill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel) Chief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports) Chief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal) Chief of Compressibility Research (Project Z) Chief of Research (Mechanical Sink) Chief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers) Chief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller) Clyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory) David Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)  Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock) Donald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Donald D. Baals Dr. Adolph Busemann Dr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction) E. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans) Edgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel) Engineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15 Frank Smiley (Newport News City Manager) G.W. Lewis George R. Kinney H. J. E. Reid H.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades) Hamilton Standard Division Harleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System) Harry E. Shanner Henry Balfour Howard J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube) Hugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics) J. G. McHugh J.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council) J.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council) J.W. Crowly James B. Delanor John L. Crigler John N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages) John V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans) Keffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller) L. R. Quarles (Blade Elements) Lawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review) Leland B. Salters, Jr. Lindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Lowell Hasel Manned Spacecraft Center Mark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD) Mason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration) Mason (Gust Tunnel) Messick (Langley Field Rear Fan) Michael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review) Mr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel) Mr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel) NACA/LMAL Travel Permission Norman Silvers P.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker) Paul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel) Peninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News) Planning Office of the Technical Service Division President Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis) R.C. Platt R.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review) Ray W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel) Ribner Richard O. Carden Robert R. Gilruth S. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training) State Corporation Commission Sylvia Thomas (S.A.E.) Tab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors) Travel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System) Union Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence) William A. Harding William A. Scheller","Series IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.  includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. ","Subseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). ","Subseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. ","Subseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.","Subseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. ","Subseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. ","Major projects in this series include: \n 19 Foot Pressure Tunnel 20 Spin Tunnel AERL Ice Tunnel Air Breathing Propulsions Systems Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central base Annular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base Carderock Wind Tunnel Cascade Plug Nozzle Convergent Divergent Nozzle Exhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance High Speed Tunnel Jet Interference Program McDonnell Douglas Review Moffett Field Perforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint Propeller Research Tunnel Stability Tunnel Swept Wing Transonic Tunnel Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel","Series V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982  contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title.","Family History \nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. ","Blake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.","Corson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.","Blake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.","Education and Work \nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. ","Patents Cascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17 Nozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12","Publications \"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941. \"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941. \"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943. \"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944. \"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946. \"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948. \"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952. \"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960. \"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964. \"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966. \"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.","Sources: \n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary,  Daily Press  (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC \"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson \"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson Ancestry.com Library Edition\n","The guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley.","Please note:  The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. 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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Physics","Science and Technology","Aeronautical engineers","Physicists","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Correspondence","Engineering Drawings","Memorandums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Physics","Science and Technology","Aeronautical engineers","Physicists","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Correspondence","Engineering Drawings","Memorandums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.7 Cubic Feet 9 boxes; 17 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["17.7 Cubic Feet 9 boxes; 17 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Correspondence","Engineering Drawings","Memorandums"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into five series by material type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1861-1865, 1962-1966, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e includes Corson's resume, personal photographs, and materials relating to the Corson family history, genealogy, and copies of family correspondence. This series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor correspondents in this collection include:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eA.W. Vogley\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAbe Silverstien\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAcoustics Division (Position Transfer)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAdmiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAnita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Compressibility Research (Project Z)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Mechanical Sink)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eClyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDavid Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDonald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDonald D. Baals\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDr. Adolph Busemann\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eE. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEdgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEngineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eFrank Smiley (Newport News City Manager)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eG.W. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eGeorge R. Kinney\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eH. J. E. Reid\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eH.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHamilton Standard Division\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHarleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHarry E. Shanner\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHenry Balfour\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHoward J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ. G. McHugh\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.W. Crowly\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJames B. Delanor\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eJohn L. Crigler\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJohn N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJohn V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eKeffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eL. R. Quarles (Blade Elements)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLeland B. Salters, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLowell Hasel\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eManned Spacecraft Center\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMason (Gust Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMessick (Langley Field Rear Fan)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMichael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNACA/LMAL Travel Permission\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNorman Silvers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eP.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePaul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePeninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePlanning Office of the Technical Service Division\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePresident Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eR.C. Platt\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eR.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRay W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRibner\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRichard O. Carden\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRobert R. Gilruth\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eS. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eState Corporation Commission\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSylvia Thomas (S.A.E.)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eTab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTravel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eUnion Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence)\u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003eWilliam A. Harding\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eWilliam A. Scheller\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor projects in this series include: \n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e19 Foot Pressure Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e20 Spin Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAERL Ice Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAir Breathing Propulsions Systems\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAnnular Nozzle with a Concave Central base\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAnnular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eCarderock Wind Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eCascade Plug Nozzle\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eConvergent Divergent Nozzle\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eExhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eHigh Speed Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eJet Interference Program\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eMcDonnell Douglas Review\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eMoffett Field\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePerforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePropeller Research Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eStability Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSwept Wing\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTransonic Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTwo Dimensional Pressure Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982\u003c/emph\u003e contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series by material type.","Series I: Personal Papers, 1861-1865, 1962-1966, n.d.  includes Corson's resume, personal photographs, and materials relating to the Corson family history, genealogy, and copies of family correspondence. This series is arranged by material type.","Series II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.  consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.","Series III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.  contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. ","Major correspondents in this collection include:\n A.W. Vogley Abe Silverstien Acoustics Division (Position Transfer) Admiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News) Anita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing) Bill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel) Chief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports) Chief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal) Chief of Compressibility Research (Project Z) Chief of Research (Mechanical Sink) Chief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers) Chief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller) Clyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory) David Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)  Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock) Donald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Donald D. Baals Dr. Adolph Busemann Dr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction) E. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans) Edgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel) Engineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15 Frank Smiley (Newport News City Manager) G.W. Lewis George R. Kinney H. J. E. Reid H.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades) Hamilton Standard Division Harleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System) Harry E. Shanner Henry Balfour Howard J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube) Hugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics) J. G. McHugh J.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council) J.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council) J.W. Crowly James B. Delanor John L. Crigler John N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages) John V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans) Keffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller) L. R. Quarles (Blade Elements) Lawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review) Leland B. Salters, Jr. Lindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Lowell Hasel Manned Spacecraft Center Mark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD) Mason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration) Mason (Gust Tunnel) Messick (Langley Field Rear Fan) Michael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review) Mr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel) Mr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel) NACA/LMAL Travel Permission Norman Silvers P.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker) Paul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel) Peninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News) Planning Office of the Technical Service Division President Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis) R.C. Platt R.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review) Ray W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel) Ribner Richard O. Carden Robert R. Gilruth S. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training) State Corporation Commission Sylvia Thomas (S.A.E.) Tab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors) Travel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System) Union Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence) William A. Harding William A. Scheller","Series IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.  includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. ","Subseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). ","Subseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. ","Subseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.","Subseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. ","Subseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. ","Major projects in this series include: \n 19 Foot Pressure Tunnel 20 Spin Tunnel AERL Ice Tunnel Air Breathing Propulsions Systems Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central base Annular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base Carderock Wind Tunnel Cascade Plug Nozzle Convergent Divergent Nozzle Exhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance High Speed Tunnel Jet Interference Program McDonnell Douglas Review Moffett Field Perforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint Propeller Research Tunnel Stability Tunnel Swept Wing Transonic Tunnel Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel","Series V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982  contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFamily History\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eEducation and Work\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePatents\u003c/emph\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eCascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePublications\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily Press\u003c/title\u003e (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC\"\u003ehttps://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAncestry.com Library Edition\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Family History \nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. ","Blake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.","Corson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.","Blake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.","Education and Work \nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. ","Patents Cascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17 Nozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12","Publications \"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941. \"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941. \"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943. \"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944. \"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946. \"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948. \"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952. \"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960. \"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964. \"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966. \"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.","Sources: \n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary,  Daily Press  (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC \"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson \"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson Ancestry.com Library Edition\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers, Ms1990-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers, Ms1990-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7a799cb0db65ef10e4ffe48a4d568355\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6b661db184ae833aebf7f839f3046ffd\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. ","Bierman, David","Messick, Mr.","Keffer, Percy","Edwards, H. B."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory"],"persname_ssim":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. ","Bierman, David","Messick, Mr.","Keffer, Percy","Edwards, H. B."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":766,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:54.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c17"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News"],"text":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Series II: Personal Projects","Subseries B: Cleaning Up Newport News","\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft","box 1","folder 38"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft","title_ssm":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft"],"title_tesim":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Abolish The Dung Heaps\"-- Draft"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":43,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1978],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 38"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#15","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:54.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1788.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Corson, Blake W., Jr., Papers \n","title_ssm":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"title_tesim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1984","1934-1979"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1934-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1990.055"],"text":["Ms.1990.055","Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Physics","Science and Technology","Aeronautical engineers","Physicists","United States -- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -- Officials and employees","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Correspondence","Engineering Drawings","Memorandums","The collection is open for research.","This collection is organized into five series by material type.","Series I: Personal Papers, 1861-1865, 1962-1966, n.d.  includes Corson's resume, personal photographs, and materials relating to the Corson family history, genealogy, and copies of family correspondence. This series is arranged by material type.","Series II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.  consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.","Series III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.  contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. ","Major correspondents in this collection include:\n A.W. Vogley Abe Silverstien Acoustics Division (Position Transfer) Admiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News) Anita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing) Bill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel) Chief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports) Chief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal) Chief of Compressibility Research (Project Z) Chief of Research (Mechanical Sink) Chief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers) Chief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller) Clyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory) David Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)  Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock) Donald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Donald D. Baals Dr. Adolph Busemann Dr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction) E. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans) Edgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel) Engineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15 Frank Smiley (Newport News City Manager) G.W. Lewis George R. Kinney H. J. E. Reid H.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades) Hamilton Standard Division Harleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System) Harry E. Shanner Henry Balfour Howard J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube) Hugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics) J. G. McHugh J.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council) J.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council) J.W. Crowly James B. Delanor John L. Crigler John N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages) John V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans) Keffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller) L. R. Quarles (Blade Elements) Lawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review) Leland B. Salters, Jr. Lindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Lowell Hasel Manned Spacecraft Center Mark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD) Mason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration) Mason (Gust Tunnel) Messick (Langley Field Rear Fan) Michael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review) Mr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel) Mr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel) NACA/LMAL Travel Permission Norman Silvers P.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker) Paul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel) Peninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News) Planning Office of the Technical Service Division President Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis) R.C. Platt R.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review) Ray W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel) Ribner Richard O. Carden Robert R. Gilruth S. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training) State Corporation Commission Sylvia Thomas (S.A.E.) Tab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors) Travel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System) Union Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence) William A. Harding William A. Scheller","Series IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.  includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. ","Subseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). ","Subseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. ","Subseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.","Subseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. ","Subseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. ","Major projects in this series include: \n 19 Foot Pressure Tunnel 20 Spin Tunnel AERL Ice Tunnel Air Breathing Propulsions Systems Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central base Annular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base Carderock Wind Tunnel Cascade Plug Nozzle Convergent Divergent Nozzle Exhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance High Speed Tunnel Jet Interference Program McDonnell Douglas Review Moffett Field Perforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint Propeller Research Tunnel Stability Tunnel Swept Wing Transonic Tunnel Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel","Series V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982  contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title.","Family History \nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. ","Blake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.","Corson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.","Blake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.","Education and Work \nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. ","Patents Cascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17 Nozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12","Publications \"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941. \"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941. \"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943. \"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944. \"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946. \"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948. \"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952. \"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960. \"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964. \"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966. \"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.","Sources: \n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary,  Daily Press  (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC \"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson \"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson Ancestry.com Library Edition\n","The guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley.","Please note:  The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. ","Bierman, David","Messick, Mr.","Keffer, Percy","Edwards, H. B.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1990.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991"],"creator_ssim":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991"],"creators_ssim":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blake W. 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This series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor correspondents in this collection include:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eA.W. Vogley\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAbe Silverstien\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAcoustics Division (Position Transfer)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAdmiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAnita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Compressibility Research (Project Z)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Mechanical Sink)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eChief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eClyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDavid Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDonald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDonald D. Baals\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDr. Adolph Busemann\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eE. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEdgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eEngineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eFrank Smiley (Newport News City Manager)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eG.W. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eGeorge R. Kinney\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eH. J. E. Reid\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eH.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHamilton Standard Division\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHarleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHarry E. Shanner\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHenry Balfour\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHoward J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ. G. McHugh\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJ.W. Crowly\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJames B. Delanor\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eJohn L. Crigler\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJohn N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJohn V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eKeffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eL. R. Quarles (Blade Elements)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLeland B. Salters, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eLowell Hasel\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eManned Spacecraft Center\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMason (Gust Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMessick (Langley Field Rear Fan)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMichael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNACA/LMAL Travel Permission\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNorman Silvers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eP.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePaul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePeninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePlanning Office of the Technical Service Division\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003ePresident Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eR.C. Platt\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eR.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRay W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRibner\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRichard O. Carden\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eRobert R. Gilruth\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eS. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eState Corporation Commission\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSylvia Thomas (S.A.E.)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eTab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTravel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System)\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eUnion Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence)\u003c/item\u003e \u003citem\u003eWilliam A. Harding\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eWilliam A. Scheller\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.\u003c/emph\u003e includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor projects in this series include: \n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e19 Foot Pressure Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e20 Spin Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAERL Ice Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAir Breathing Propulsions Systems\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAnnular Nozzle with a Concave Central base\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eAnnular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eCarderock Wind Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eCascade Plug Nozzle\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eConvergent Divergent Nozzle\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eExhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eHigh Speed Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eJet Interference Program\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eMcDonnell Douglas Review\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eMoffett Field\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePerforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003ePropeller Research Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eStability Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSwept Wing\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTransonic Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eTwo Dimensional Pressure Tunnel\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982\u003c/emph\u003e contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series by material type.","Series I: Personal Papers, 1861-1865, 1962-1966, n.d.  includes Corson's resume, personal photographs, and materials relating to the Corson family history, genealogy, and copies of family correspondence. This series is arranged by material type.","Series II: Personal Projects, 1941-1979, n.d.  consists of research, subject files, patent forms, and extensive notes on a variety of research projects conducted by Corson outside of his work for Langley. The majority of this series surrounds two projects: \"Toward Energy Independence\" and Corson's interest in environmental clean up in the Newport News area. This series is arranged by project/topic.","Series III: Correspondence/Memorandum, 1938-1978, n.d.  contains letters to and from a variety of scientists, researchers, community members, government employees, and some corporations and agencies. In addition, there are extensive memos written reporting on projects of which Corson was a part. There is a list of major correspondents below. This series in in chronological order. ","Major correspondents in this collection include:\n A.W. Vogley Abe Silverstien Acoustics Division (Position Transfer) Admiral Ralph W. Cousins (Cleaning Up Newport News) Anita Cavagnara Associate Director (Cooperation and Research with Boeing) Bill Greathoose Booth (High Speed Tunnel) Chief Of Aerodynamics (High Speed Tunnel Reports) Chief of Compressibility Research (16ft High Speed Tunnel Rotating Seal) Chief of Compressibility Research (Project Z) Chief of Research (Mechanical Sink) Chief of Research (Propeller Projects and Papers) Chief of Research (Thermal Deiceing Propeller and Jet Driven Propeller) Clyde Lumpkin Construction Office, John D.R. Zeno (ASME Talk on Propeller Theory) David Biermann (Moffett Field/Langley Field Fans, R-2800 Engine)  Director John R. Erwin (Shadow Graph Wing Shock) Donald D. Amos (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Donald D. Baals Dr. Adolph Busemann Dr. Clinton C. Kemp E. Boxer (Compressor Noise Reduction) E. J. Manganilleo E. Johnson (Moffett Field Fans) Edgar M. Cartright Energy Research and Development Administration Engineer in Charge (High Speed Tunnel) Engineer in Charge (Servo Control) FAECT-- PAC Committee of Chapter 15 Frank Smiley (Newport News City Manager) G.W. Lewis George R. Kinney H. J. E. Reid H.B. Edwards (16 foot Wind Tunnel Fan Blades) Hamilton Standard Division Harleth G. Wiley (Research and Technology Resume Numbering System) Harry E. Shanner Henry Balfour Howard J. Osborn; Office of Patent Council LRC (Mutiple Cell Toridal Vortex Tube) Hugh L. Dryden (University Conference on Aerodynamics) J. G. McHugh J.M. Carson, Jr. (Office Patent Council) J.O. Tresansky (Office Patent Council) J.W. Crowly James B. Delanor John L. Crigler John N. Randolph (Patent, Improved Type of Crate for Bottled Beverages) John V. Becker (Moffett Field Tunnel Fans) Keffer (Langley Field Rear Propeller) L. R. Quarles (Blade Elements) Lawrence K. Loftin, Jr. (McDonnel Douglas Review) Leland B. Salters, Jr. Lindsey I . Turner (Oscillating Orfice Pump) Lowell Hasel Manned Spacecraft Center Mark R. Nichols (VTOL, FSRD) Mason (16 ft Wind Tunnel Study and Alteration) Mason (Gust Tunnel) Messick (Langley Field Rear Fan) Michael A. Chaszeyka (McDonnel Douglas Review) Mr. DeFraue (Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel) Mr.Wood (Free-Flight Tunnel) NACA/LMAL Travel Permission Norman Silvers P.W. Mangen (Hotel New Yorker) Paul Taynton (Texaco; Hydrazine in Fuel) Peninsula Planning District Commission (Cleaning Up Newport News) Planning Office of the Technical Service Division President Jimmy Carter (Energy Crisis) R.C. Platt R.J. Landberg (McDonnell Douglas Review) Ray W. Hooker (Gust Tunnel) Ribner Richard O. Carden Robert R. Gilruth S. Walter Hixton Jr. (Management Training) State Corporation Commission Sylvia Thomas (S.A.E.) Tab Smith (York County Board of Supervisors) Travel Request and Authorization U.S. Office of Patents (Purox System) Union Carbide Corporation (Cleaning up Newport News/ Towards Energy Independence) William A. Harding William A. Scheller","Series IV: Professional Projects, 1937-1984, n.d.  includes a small group of outlines and reports. This series primarily consist of five subseries, organized by topic/project, consisting of a variety of formats from Corson's work as an Aerospace Engineer with NASA. ","Subseries A: Research Tunnels includes papers and research relating to a variety of tunnels on which Corson worked (other than the 16 foot Transonic Tunnel (which is its own subseries below). ","Subseries B: Propellers and Propeller Research includes notes, graphs, calculations, and subject files on propellers and fan designs. ","Subseries C: Nozzles and Nozzle Research includes reports, notes, figures, proposals, and designs for nozzles.","Subseries D: Research Projects contains drawings, calculations, notes, and subject files on topics relating to aspects of flight and engineering, especially certain parts or processes. ","Subseries E: 16 Foot Transonic Tunnel and Research includes extensive notes, photographs, calculations, notes, and reports on one of Corson's major projects and research topics. Materials in these series, subseries, and sub-subseries are organized by topic/subject. ","Major projects in this series include: \n 19 Foot Pressure Tunnel 20 Spin Tunnel AERL Ice Tunnel Air Breathing Propulsions Systems Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central base Annular Nozzle with a Semi Toridal Base Carderock Wind Tunnel Cascade Plug Nozzle Convergent Divergent Nozzle Exhaust Nozzle and Jet Nozzle Performance High Speed Tunnel Jet Interference Program McDonnell Douglas Review Moffett Field Perforated Diffuser Nozzle Bifurcated Rotary Joint Propeller Research Tunnel Stability Tunnel Swept Wing Transonic Tunnel Two Dimensional Pressure Tunnel","Series V: Publications, Journals, and Reports, 1934-1982  contains published works by Corson or collected by him for research purposes. The majority are directly related to projects on which Corson worked. This series includes six subseries, organized by type of publication (Publications, Reports, Papers, Journals, Articles, and Pamphlets, Brochures, and Directories). Materials in each subseries are organized alphabetically by title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFamily History\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eEducation and Work\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePatents\u003c/emph\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eCascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePublications\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily Press\u003c/title\u003e (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC\"\u003ehttps://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eAncestry.com Library Edition\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Family History \nBlake Wilson Corson, Sr., was born in Cumberland Virginia in 1874. Wilson Corson had five sisters. Corson attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1895. Corson married Anne Mason \"Annie\" White on April 23, 1907. ","Blake Wilson Corson, Jr., was born to Blake Wilson Corson, Sr. (1874-1962) and Anne Mason Corson (1874-1968) on October 1, 1908, in Henrico, Virginia. Corson had two youngers sisters Juidith Parker (born July 20, 1911) and Georgina White (born June 26, 1915). Blake W. Corson, Jr., married Shirley Huxter (1921-2014) on December 6, 1947. They had one daughter.","Corson, Sr., died in 1962, and Anne Corson died in 1968. They were buried together at Grace Episcopal Church.","Blake W. Corson, Jr., died at 83 on December 23, 1991. He was survived by his wife and daughter. Corson was burried in Peninsula Memorial Park Newport News. Shirley Corson died in 2014 at the age of 93.","Education and Work \nBlake W. Corson, Jr., graduated from John Marshall High School. Corson, Jr., attended the University of Richmond and earned a B.S. in Mathmatics and Physics in 1932. In 1935 Corson, Jr., began working with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the Natioanl Aeronautical and Space Association. Corson, Jr., retired in 1972. ","Patents Cascade Plug Nozzle, Filed :1974, 07, 12, Publication: 1976, 02, 17 Nozzle: Filed: 1960, 05 , 23; Publication: 1961,12,12","Publications \"The Aerodynamics of a Wind Tunnel Fan.\" NASA. 1941. \"Model Tests of a Wing-Duct System for Auxiliary Air Supply.\" NASA. 1941. \"The Belt Method for Measuring Pressure Distribution.\" NASA. 1943. \"Cooling Characteristics of a Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Engine Installed in an NACA Short-nose High-inlet-velocity Cowling.\" NASA. 1944. \"Analysis of Propeller Efficiency Losses Associated with Heated-air Thermal De-icing.\" NASA. 1946. \"The Effect of Simulated  Icing on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"Investigation of the Effect of a Tip Modification and Thermal De-icing Air Flow on Propeller Performance.\" NASA. 1946. \"A Review Of Propeller Theory\" NASA. 1948. \"The Langley 2,000 Horsspower propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two Blade Propeller\". NASA. 1952. \"Static Thrust of an Annular Nozzle with a Concave Central Base.\" NASA. 1960. \"Transonic Thrust and Drag Characteristics of an Annular Nozzle Having a Semitoroidal Concave Plug.\" NASA. 1964. \"Summary of Research on Jet Exit Installations.\" NASA. 1966. \"Calibration of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with Test Section Air Removal.\" NASA. 1974.","Sources: \n\"Black Wilson Corson Jr.\" obituary,  Daily Press  (Newport News, Va.), Dec. 25, 1991, p. A16, available online from Newsbank at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4E733E3BEA1FC \"Blake Wilson Corson Sr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5313978/blake-wilson-corson \"Blake Wilson Corson Jr.\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83447647/blake-wilson-corson Ancestry.com Library Edition\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers, Ms1990-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers, Ms1990-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to his career as an engineer at NASA Langley. Topics include aerodynamic performance of aircraft propellers and manned aircraft; wind tunnel fans, jet noise suppression, and tunnel calibration. This collection is organized into five series by material type."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7a799cb0db65ef10e4ffe48a4d568355\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Blake W. Corson, Jr., Papers are comprised of professional and personal files, correspondence, and published materials from 1861-1984 (bulk, 1934-1979), primarily relating to Corson's (1908-1991) career as an engineer at NASA Langley."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6b661db184ae833aebf7f839f3046ffd\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  The majority collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory","Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. ","Bierman, David","Messick, Mr.","Keffer, Percy","Edwards, H. B."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Langley Aeronautical Laboratory"],"persname_ssim":["Corson, Blake W., Jr. (Blake Wilson), 1908-1991","Becker, John V. (John Vernon), 1913-2020 -- Correspondence","Bierman, David -- Correspondence","Johnson, E. -- Correspondence","Quarles, L. R. ","Bierman, David","Messick, Mr.","Keffer, Percy","Edwards, H. B."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":766,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:54.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1788_c02_c06_c16"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abortion Clinic","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"text":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records","Abortion Clinic","box 12","folder 55"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abortion Clinic","title_ssm":["Abortion Clinic"],"title_tesim":["Abortion Clinic"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1975-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abortion Clinic"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":557,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 55"],"_nest_path_":"/components#556","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:22.495Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3555.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records","title_ssm":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"title_tesim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1874, 1905-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874, 1905-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.027"],"text":["Ms.2021.027","Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records","Roanoke County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","This collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged in the original order in which it was received.","The Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine was an organization of physicians in the Roanoke Valley, Virginia, area that formed in 1905 out of two other medical societies. It provided educational opportunities, funded educational scholarships and donations to local and regional charities and non-profits, and recognized people in the medical field with awards. It also had a doctor-patient grievance resolution service and advocated for different health and safety initiatives. In 2004, the academy began Project Access to create a network of physicians to treat low-income patients at no cost. The academy ceased operations in 2019.","External sources:","Jeff Sturgeon, \"Doctors have a ball raising cash,\" Roanoke Times, January 21, 2005, p. C7, available online at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F107C7CE84D785F4A , accessed July 15, 2024.","Jeff Sturgeon, \"Filling a painful void in dental care,\" Roanoke Times,  October 11, 2006, p. B1, available online at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F114BCA1D8C151FD8 , accessed July 15, 2024.","The guide to the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records was completed in 2022.","This collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine: meeting minutes, newsletters, administrative history, organizational documents from 1905 to 2016.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine from 1905 to 2016. Records include newsletters, history, and organizational documents. The organization formed in 1905 and dissolved in 2019.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"collection_ssim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"creator_ssim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"creators_ssim":["Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"places_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.0 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["26.0 Cubic Feet 18 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the original order in which it was received.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the original order in which it was received."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine was an organization of physicians in the Roanoke Valley, Virginia, area that formed in 1905 out of two other medical societies. It provided educational opportunities, funded educational scholarships and donations to local and regional charities and non-profits, and recognized people in the medical field with awards. It also had a doctor-patient grievance resolution service and advocated for different health and safety initiatives. In 2004, the academy began Project Access to create a network of physicians to treat low-income patients at no cost. The academy ceased operations in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJeff Sturgeon, \"Doctors have a ball raising cash,\" Roanoke Times, January 21, 2005, p. C7, available online at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F107C7CE84D785F4A\"\u003ehttps://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F107C7CE84D785F4A\u003c/a\u003e, accessed July 15, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJeff Sturgeon, \"Filling a painful void in dental care,\" Roanoke Times,  October 11, 2006, p. B1, available online at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F114BCA1D8C151FD8\"\u003ehttps://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026amp;rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026amp;svc_dat=AWNB\u0026amp;req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026amp;rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026amp;rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F114BCA1D8C151FD8\u003c/a\u003e, accessed July 15, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine was an organization of physicians in the Roanoke Valley, Virginia, area that formed in 1905 out of two other medical societies. It provided educational opportunities, funded educational scholarships and donations to local and regional charities and non-profits, and recognized people in the medical field with awards. It also had a doctor-patient grievance resolution service and advocated for different health and safety initiatives. In 2004, the academy began Project Access to create a network of physicians to treat low-income patients at no cost. The academy ceased operations in 2019.","External sources:","Jeff Sturgeon, \"Doctors have a ball raising cash,\" Roanoke Times, January 21, 2005, p. C7, available online at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F107C7CE84D785F4A , accessed July 15, 2024.","Jeff Sturgeon, \"Filling a painful void in dental care,\" Roanoke Times,  October 11, 2006, p. B1, available online at  https://infoweb-newsbank-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004\u0026rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com\u0026svc_dat=AWNB\u0026req_dat=0D13EB2D702F7E0A\u0026rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx\u0026rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F114BCA1D8C151FD8 , accessed July 15, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records, 1874, 1905-2016, Ms2021-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records, 1874, 1905-2016, Ms2021-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records was completed in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine Records was completed in 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine: meeting minutes, newsletters, administrative history, organizational documents from 1905 to 2016.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine: meeting minutes, newsletters, administrative history, organizational documents from 1905 to 2016."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8ee8592bf15d409ecead2b92ad9b3db8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine from 1905 to 2016. Records include newsletters, history, and organizational documents. The organization formed in 1905 and dissolved in 2019.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains records from the Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine from 1905 to 2016. Records include newsletters, history, and organizational documents. The organization formed in 1905 and dissolved in 2019."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bcebe1d0d1d416d3b83b4148c888eedf\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Roanoke Valley Academy of Medicine (?-2019)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":698,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:22.495Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3555_c557"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files"],"text":["Robert E. Marshak Papers","Series II. A-Z Files","A-Z Files","Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence","box 5","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence","title_ssm":["Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964, 1982-1987, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abrashian--Miscellaneous correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":298,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:40:35.358Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Marshak, Robert E., Papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.060"],"text":["Ms.1988.060","Robert E. Marshak Papers","Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)","Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.","Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online .","The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. ","Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.","The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.","Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. ","The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creators_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert E. Marshak Papers were donated to Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) in three separate donations. Series I, also known as the Rochester Conference Papers, were donated in 1989. The remainder of the collection (Series II-IX) was acquired by SCUA in 1989 and 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted.  Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1988_060_MarshakRobertEPapers\"\u003eavailible online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of the collection has been digitized and is  availible online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is dividied into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Personal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Organizations and Research\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Audio Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Oversized Materials \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files Series II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order Series V. Personal Files Series VI. Organizations and Research Series VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings Series VIII. Audio Materials Series IX. Oversized Materials ","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTeaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvents at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTypical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics\u003c/title\u003e (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180521195133/http://spec.lib.vt.edu/marshk/bio.htm\"\u003eA fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. ","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. ","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. ","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled  Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics  (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4m3nf11n/\"\u003eRobert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)\u003c/a\u003e are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026amp; Archives maintains the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A287920\"\u003eMarshak Collection\u003c/a\u003e, a digital collection of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)  are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the  Marshak Collection , a digital collection of photographs. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). ","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_635d9808d6804b3f3d25c41245f53f24\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c2b6b4b53b3eb16993d115314b9ced29\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:40:35.358Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579_c02_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials"],"text":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials","Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks","box 123","folder 14"],"title_filing_ssi":"Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks","title_ssm":["Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks"],"title_tesim":["Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1978- 1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Absorption Forecast and Bench Marks"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4924,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 123","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#188","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:19.532Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3436.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fries Textile Plant Records","title_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"title_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.039"],"text":["Ms.1989.039","Fries Textile Plant Records","Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)","Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)","The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is  available online .","An exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also  available online .","The collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:","Series I. Company Files Series II. Correspondence Series III. Financial Records Series IV. Personnel Records Series V. Production Materials Series VI. Legal Records Series VII. Blueprints Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d.","In 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. ","  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n   Sources: Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/ .","Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007.","The guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."," The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the  National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) .","This collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. ","  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. ","  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. ","  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. ","  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. ","  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. ","  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s.","Please note:  Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.039"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"collection_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Fries Textile Plant Records were deposited with Special Collections and University Archives in 1989. Ownership of the collection was transferred in 2016. Additional blueprints and slides were donated in December 2016 and July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 190 Cubic Feet 185 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 190 Cubic Feet 185 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Textiles (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1989-039\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/the-only-game-in-town--a-selec\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is  available online .","An exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also  available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Company Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Financial Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Production Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Legal Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Blueprints\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:","Series I. Company Files Series II. Correspondence Series III. Financial Records Series IV. Personnel Records Series V. Production Materials Series VI. Legal Records Series VII. Blueprints Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n  \u003cb\u003eSources:\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.\u003c/title\u003e Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNational Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/\" target=\"new\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.\u003c/title\u003e Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. ","  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n   Sources: Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/ .","Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Fries Textile Plant Records, Ms1989-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Fries Textile Plant Records, Ms1989-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"200\" align=\"left\" src=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/files/original/a2eeb5148408709c99f3e268e1177900.jpg\"\u003e The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.archives.gov/nhprc\"\u003eNational Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[" The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the  National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. ","  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. ","  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. ","  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. ","  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. ","  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. ","  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1ce4274aaed374fd7fe7666d5e569f91\"\u003eThe Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_78b3d661802d05ef5c5158a40766d436\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5423,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:19.532Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c189"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Absorptions and Bench Marks","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials"],"text":["Fries Textile Plant Records","Series V: Production Materials","Absorptions and Bench Marks","box 123","folder 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Absorptions and Bench Marks","title_ssm":["Absorptions and Bench Marks"],"title_tesim":["Absorptions and Bench Marks"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1977- 1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1977/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Absorptions and Bench Marks"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4923,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978],"containers_ssim":["box 123","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#187","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:19.532Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3436.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fries Textile Plant Records","title_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"title_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.039"],"text":["Ms.1989.039","Fries Textile Plant Records","Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)","Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)","The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is  available online .","An exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also  available online .","The collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:","Series I. Company Files Series II. Correspondence Series III. Financial Records Series IV. Personnel Records Series V. Production Materials Series VI. Legal Records Series VII. Blueprints Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d.","In 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. ","  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n   Sources: Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/ .","Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007.","The guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."," The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the  National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) .","This collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. ","  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. ","  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. ","  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. ","  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. ","  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. ","  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s.","Please note:  Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.039"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"collection_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Fries (Va.)","Grayson County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Fries Textile Plant Records were deposited with Special Collections and University Archives in 1989. Ownership of the collection was transferred in 2016. Additional blueprints and slides were donated in December 2016 and July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Company towns","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Textile manufacturers","Textile workers","Textiles (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 190 Cubic Feet 185 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 190 Cubic Feet 185 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Textiles (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Boxes 50, 51, 117, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 179, and 185, which contain HIPAA-protected, sensitive, or personally identifiable information. These records are noted in the file-level description. Contact Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1989-039\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/the-only-game-in-town--a-selec\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is  available online .","An exhibit, \"The Only Game In Town: A Selection from the Fries Textile Plant Records\" is also  available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Company Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Financial Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Production Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Legal Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Blueprints\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material into the following series:","Series I. Company Files Series II. Correspondence Series III. Financial Records Series IV. Personnel Records Series V. Production Materials Series VI. Legal Records Series VII. Blueprints Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n  \u003cb\u003eSources:\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.\u003c/title\u003e Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eNational Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/\" target=\"new\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.\u003c/title\u003e Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1903, Colonel Francis Henry Fries founded the town of Fries and constructed a textile plant in Grayson County, Virginia. Fries was president of the Washington Mills Company as well as Wachovia Bank, for some time. He used his business and political connections to build a spur to a main branch of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and to construct a dam on the New River to generate power for the mill. The Washington Mills Company owned nearly every building in the town, which flourished in the early twentieth century with a population of over 1,700 in 1910. By 1929, there were four textile mills in Grayson County, and Washington Mills in Fries was the largest, employing as many as 600 people. ","  Employment at Washington Mills peaked after World War II with over 1,200 workers. For decades, the mill had cutting edge equipment and competed nationally with other textile production facilities. By the 1980s, the company faced overseas competition and the need to modernize the plant. In 1988, company leaders chose to close the plant, which at that time employed only a few hundred workers.\n  \n   Sources: Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007, available at  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/220-5015/ .","Bond, Avery, and Martha Nichols, comps. and eds.  A History of the Town of Fries, Virginia.  Collinsville, VA: Collinsville Printing Company, 1977. \"Historical Background, Town of Fries, Compiled in 1953 for 50th Anniversary of Fries,\" box 34, Fries Textile Plant Records, Special Collections, Virginia Tech. National Register of Historic Places. \"Fries Boarding Houses, VDHR#220-5015,\" September 14, 2007."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Fries Textile Plant Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Fries Textile Plant Records, Ms1989-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Fries Textile Plant Records, Ms1989-039, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"200\" align=\"left\" src=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/files/original/a2eeb5148408709c99f3e268e1177900.jpg\"\u003e The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.archives.gov/nhprc\"\u003eNational Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[" The processing, arrangement, and description of the Fries Textile Plant Records commenced in October 2018 and completed in July 2019 as part of the project, \"They're Closing Down the Textile Mill: Creating Access to the Fries Textile Plant Records,\" funded by the  National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes correspondence, ledgers, production records, employee records, photographs, fabric samples, and other items documenting the history of the town and plant from their creation in the eary 1900s to the close of the mill in 1988. ","  Series I. Company Files and Series II. Correspondence mainly document the day-to-day running of the mill, highlighting relationships with other local and national businesses in fields such as textiles, factory machinery, coal, insurance, and construction. These records also illustrate some aspects of the lives of the mill employees. ","  Series III. Financial Records document the more quantifiable aspect of the business through invoices, pay records, and account balance books, showing the health and trajectory of the company over time. ","  Series IV. Personnel Records convey the activity of the mill by recording the number of each type of employee, how much they worked, and when, as well as some glimpses into the personal lives of the mill workers. ","  Series V. Production Materials more concretely illustrate the output of the mill through fabric samples and reports of production versus cost over time. ","  Series VI. Legal Records show how the mill grew and evolved over time in relation to the community in which it operated. ","  Series VII. Blueprints show how the mill buildings themselves were conceived, built, and changed from 1900-1974, when the last major renovations were completed.\n  \n  Series VIII. Illustrations, ca. 1970s-1980s, n.d., includes photographs from the Fries plant and town of Fries, primarily of employees and events, and one oversize drawing with images of the Washington Mills Plants in Fries, Virginia, and in North Carolina."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1ce4274aaed374fd7fe7666d5e569f91\"\u003eThe Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Fries Textile Plant Records includes correspondence, production data, personnel ledgers, photographs, legal and financial materials, internal reports, blueprints, and other administrative materials. The collection provides a complete history of the company's operations, from its founding at the turn of the twentieth century until its closure in the 1980s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_78b3d661802d05ef5c5158a40766d436\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. The oversize folder is onsite. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Fries Textile Plant (Fries, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5423,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:19.532Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3436_c05_c188"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Iris Alex Collection","Series I: Professional Information"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Iris Alex Collection","Series I: Professional Information"],"text":["Iris Alex Collection","Series I: Professional Information","A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex","box 1","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex","title_ssm":["A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex"],"title_tesim":["A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978, 1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Building Manual for the YWCA  , Volumes 1 and 2, by Iris Alex"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Iris Alex Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:37.124Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2221.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alex, Iris, Collection","title_ssm":["Iris Alex Collection"],"title_tesim":["Iris Alex Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2002.026"],"text":["Ms.2002.026","Iris Alex Collection","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women architects -- New York","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series, one containing information about Iris Alex's professional career, and one containing information that Alex collected about architect Julia Morgan. ","Series I:  Professional Information, 1959-2002, includes a resume, copies of three building plans, articles and photographs showing projects Alex worked on, and both volumes of the YWCA building handbook that she wrote. ","Series II:  Julia Morgan Information, 1976-1991, consists of clippings about Julia Morgan, correspondence with other architects and historians about Morgan's work, and correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle.","Architect Iris S. Alex (b. 1926) studied at the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She spent 13 years working for the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. In the 1970s, Alex worked part-time at Related Designs, Inc. Her main employment was with the National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association where she served as the National Architect starting in 1970. While with the YWCA, she developed and oversaw its building advisory service and wrote a two-volume  Building Manual for the YWCA.  In 1981 she began working as the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, a position she held until her retirement in 1991.","The guide to the Iris Alex Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and arrangement of the Iris Alex Collection was completed in September 2002. The description description September 2004.","The Iris Alex Collection contains material about Alex's career, including a resume, magazine articles, blueprints and a two-volume building manual. It also contains her correspondence with other architects about the career of architect Julia Morgan. There is also correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Iris Alex was the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, building consultant for the Young Women's Christian Association, and Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Active from the 1950s until 1991. The collection includes both volumes of  A Building Manual for the YWCA,  written by Alex as well as some biographical information and articles about her work. Also contains correspondence between Alex and other architects about Julia Morgan.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Alex, Iris","Morgan, Julia","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2002.026"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iris Alex Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iris Alex Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Iris Alex Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Alex, Iris"],"creator_ssim":["Alex, Iris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Alex, Iris"],"creators_ssim":["Alex, Iris"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Iris Alex Collection was donated to the International Archives of Women in Architecture at Special Collections in 2000, with two additional donations in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women architects -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women architects -- New York"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series, one containing information about Iris Alex's professional career, and one containing information that Alex collected about architect Julia Morgan. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I:  Professional Information, 1959-2002, includes a resume, copies of three building plans, articles and photographs showing projects Alex worked on, and both volumes of the YWCA building handbook that she wrote. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II:  Julia Morgan Information, 1976-1991, consists of clippings about Julia Morgan, correspondence with other architects and historians about Morgan's work, and correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series, one containing information about Iris Alex's professional career, and one containing information that Alex collected about architect Julia Morgan. ","Series I:  Professional Information, 1959-2002, includes a resume, copies of three building plans, articles and photographs showing projects Alex worked on, and both volumes of the YWCA building handbook that she wrote. ","Series II:  Julia Morgan Information, 1976-1991, consists of clippings about Julia Morgan, correspondence with other architects and historians about Morgan's work, and correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchitect Iris S. Alex (b. 1926) studied at the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She spent 13 years working for the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. In the 1970s, Alex worked part-time at Related Designs, Inc. Her main employment was with the National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association where she served as the National Architect starting in 1970. While with the YWCA, she developed and oversaw its building advisory service and wrote a two-volume \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBuilding Manual for the YWCA.\u003c/title\u003e In 1981 she began working as the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, a position she held until her retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Architect Iris S. Alex (b. 1926) studied at the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She spent 13 years working for the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. In the 1970s, Alex worked part-time at Related Designs, Inc. Her main employment was with the National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association where she served as the National Architect starting in 1970. While with the YWCA, she developed and oversaw its building advisory service and wrote a two-volume  Building Manual for the YWCA.  In 1981 she began working as the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, a position she held until her retirement in 1991."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Iris Alex Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Iris Alex Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Iris Alex Collection, Ms2002-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Iris Alex Collection, Ms2002-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and arrangement of the Iris Alex Collection was completed in September 2002. The description description September 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and arrangement of the Iris Alex Collection was completed in September 2002. The description description September 2004."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iris Alex Collection contains material about Alex's career, including a resume, magazine articles, blueprints and a two-volume building manual. It also contains her correspondence with other architects about the career of architect Julia Morgan. There is also correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iris Alex Collection contains material about Alex's career, including a resume, magazine articles, blueprints and a two-volume building manual. It also contains her correspondence with other architects about the career of architect Julia Morgan. There is also correspondence with Morgan's biographer, Sara Boutelle."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1b3720bff0ef856bb86dad00732255cb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIris Alex was the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, building consultant for the Young Women's Christian Association, and Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Active from the 1950s until 1991. The collection includes both volumes of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Building Manual for the YWCA,\u003c/title\u003e written by Alex as well as some biographical information and articles about her work. Also contains correspondence between Alex and other architects about Julia Morgan.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Iris Alex was the Development Administrator for Facilities Development Corporation of the State of New York, building consultant for the Young Women's Christian Association, and Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Active from the 1950s until 1991. The collection includes both volumes of  A Building Manual for the YWCA,  written by Alex as well as some biographical information and articles about her work. Also contains correspondence between Alex and other architects about Julia Morgan."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Alex, Iris","Morgan, Julia"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morgan, Julia"],"persname_ssim":["Alex, Iris","Morgan, Julia"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:37.124Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2221_c01_c06"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Academic correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank J. Maher Papers","Series II. Academic Research and Instruction"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank J. Maher Papers","Series II. Academic Research and Instruction"],"text":["Frank J. Maher Papers","Series II. Academic Research and Instruction","Academic correspondence","box 2","folder 20"],"title_filing_ssi":"Academic correspondence","title_ssm":["Academic correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Academic correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Academic correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":46,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 20"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:39:59.767Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1430","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1430.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Maher, Frank J. Papers","title_ssm":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"title_tesim":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1986.004"],"text":["Ms.1986.004","Frank J. Maher Papers","Faculty and staff","Science and Technology","University History","Bridges","Civil engineering","Wind tunnels","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series: ","Series I. Testing and Consulting, 1947-1982. This series contains files relating to Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing on a number of building and bridge civil engineering projects, including several for engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, the most significant perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge. Included in the series are notes, reports, project drawings, correspondence, printed materials, and photographs. The series is arranged alphabetically by name of project or design firm. ","Series II. Academic Research and Instruction, 1934-1986. Files relating to Maher's instruction and general academic research may be found in this series. Included are a number of files relating to research on wind loads on various types of structures (domes \nand tall buildings among these), including materials from a few conferences attended by Maher. Also in the series are a few folders relating specifically to Maher's teaching career, including course and lecture background materials. A selection of Maher's articles and unpublished papers completes the series. The series is arranged by material type.","Series III. David B. Steinman, 1941-1986. Included in this series are files relating to Maher's professional relationship with Steinman, a civil engineer and designer. The series contains four letters and two Christmas cards from Steinman, other correspondence relating to him, and printed materials relating to his life and work. The series also contains a collection of published materials written by Steinman, and a folder relating to a plaque on the Virginia Tech campus honoring Steinman.The series is arranged by material type. ","Francis Joseph Maher was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 11, 1915. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in engineering at Manhattan College (1936), he attended graduate school at Virginia Polytehcnic Institute and State University. He earned a master's degree in civil engineering in 1937, and that same year joined the faculty at Virginia Tech, where he specialized in studying aerodynamics and wind loads and provided consultation for many civil engineering projects. In the course of his career, Maher received the Wine Award for teaching (1960), The Western Electric Fund Award of the American Society for Engineering Education (1965), and a place among the Outstanding Educators of America (1973). Maher married Jean Page Howard (1915-2009) in Roanoke, Virginia, on July 11, 1939; the couple had two children. Maher retired from teaching in 1978, and the College of Engineering Science continues (as of 2024) to award a student scholarship in his name.  Francis J. Maher died August 10, 1995, and was buried in Westview Cemetery, Blacksburg, Virginia. That same year, the university esbablished the Frank J. Maher Professorship in Engineering Science and Mechanics.","The guide to the Frank J. Maher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank J. Maher Papers commenced in September, 2024, and was completed in November, 2024.","This collection contains the papers of Francis (\"Frank\") J. Maher, a professor of engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) from 1937 to 1978. The collection includes Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing files (including notes, drawings, correspondence, and printed materials) on a number of bridge and building design projects, most notable of these perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge, designed by David B. Steinman. Also among Maher's office files are files pertaining to his academic career, including general academic administrative correspondence, and to his academic research on aerodynamics and wind loads. Maher's professional relationship with engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, for whom he frequently provided testing services, is reflected in a collection of correspondence and printed materials by Steinman. The collection includes notes, drawings, correspondence, and photographs.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Papers--including writings, drawings, and correspondence--of Frank J. Maher (1915-1995), an engineer specializing in aerodynamic research and an instructor in Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech from 1937 to 1978. Includes consulting files and wind tunnel research on various building and bridge projects; research project files on aerodynamics and wind loads; academic courses; and materials relating to engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman.","Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1986.004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Frank J. Maher Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-"],"creator_ssim":["Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-"],"creators_ssim":["Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Frank J. Maher Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Science and Technology","University History","Bridges","Civil engineering","Wind tunnels"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Science and Technology","University History","Bridges","Civil engineering","Wind tunnels"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Testing and Consulting, 1947-1982. This series contains files relating to Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing on a number of building and bridge civil engineering projects, including several for engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, the most significant perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge. Included in the series are notes, reports, project drawings, correspondence, printed materials, and photographs. The series is arranged alphabetically by name of project or design firm. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Academic Research and Instruction, 1934-1986. Files relating to Maher's instruction and general academic research may be found in this series. Included are a number of files relating to research on wind loads on various types of structures (domes \nand tall buildings among these), including materials from a few conferences attended by Maher. Also in the series are a few folders relating specifically to Maher's teaching career, including course and lecture background materials. A selection of Maher's articles and unpublished papers completes the series. The series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. David B. Steinman, 1941-1986. Included in this series are files relating to Maher's professional relationship with Steinman, a civil engineer and designer. The series contains four letters and two Christmas cards from Steinman, other correspondence relating to him, and printed materials relating to his life and work. The series also contains a collection of published materials written by Steinman, and a folder relating to a plaque on the Virginia Tech campus honoring Steinman.The series is arranged by material type. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series: ","Series I. Testing and Consulting, 1947-1982. This series contains files relating to Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing on a number of building and bridge civil engineering projects, including several for engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, the most significant perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge. Included in the series are notes, reports, project drawings, correspondence, printed materials, and photographs. The series is arranged alphabetically by name of project or design firm. ","Series II. Academic Research and Instruction, 1934-1986. Files relating to Maher's instruction and general academic research may be found in this series. Included are a number of files relating to research on wind loads on various types of structures (domes \nand tall buildings among these), including materials from a few conferences attended by Maher. Also in the series are a few folders relating specifically to Maher's teaching career, including course and lecture background materials. A selection of Maher's articles and unpublished papers completes the series. The series is arranged by material type.","Series III. David B. Steinman, 1941-1986. Included in this series are files relating to Maher's professional relationship with Steinman, a civil engineer and designer. The series contains four letters and two Christmas cards from Steinman, other correspondence relating to him, and printed materials relating to his life and work. The series also contains a collection of published materials written by Steinman, and a folder relating to a plaque on the Virginia Tech campus honoring Steinman.The series is arranged by material type. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis Joseph Maher was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 11, 1915. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in engineering at Manhattan College (1936), he attended graduate school at Virginia Polytehcnic Institute and State University. He earned a master's degree in civil engineering in 1937, and that same year joined the faculty at Virginia Tech, where he specialized in studying aerodynamics and wind loads and provided consultation for many civil engineering projects. In the course of his career, Maher received the Wine Award for teaching (1960), The Western Electric Fund Award of the American Society for Engineering Education (1965), and a place among the Outstanding Educators of America (1973). Maher married Jean Page Howard (1915-2009) in Roanoke, Virginia, on July 11, 1939; the couple had two children. Maher retired from teaching in 1978, and the College of Engineering Science continues (as of 2024) to award a student scholarship in his name.  Francis J. Maher died August 10, 1995, and was buried in Westview Cemetery, Blacksburg, Virginia. That same year, the university esbablished the Frank J. Maher Professorship in Engineering Science and Mechanics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Notes"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis Joseph Maher was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 11, 1915. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in engineering at Manhattan College (1936), he attended graduate school at Virginia Polytehcnic Institute and State University. He earned a master's degree in civil engineering in 1937, and that same year joined the faculty at Virginia Tech, where he specialized in studying aerodynamics and wind loads and provided consultation for many civil engineering projects. In the course of his career, Maher received the Wine Award for teaching (1960), The Western Electric Fund Award of the American Society for Engineering Education (1965), and a place among the Outstanding Educators of America (1973). Maher married Jean Page Howard (1915-2009) in Roanoke, Virginia, on July 11, 1939; the couple had two children. Maher retired from teaching in 1978, and the College of Engineering Science continues (as of 2024) to award a student scholarship in his name.  Francis J. Maher died August 10, 1995, and was buried in Westview Cemetery, Blacksburg, Virginia. That same year, the university esbablished the Frank J. Maher Professorship in Engineering Science and Mechanics."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Frank J. Maher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Frank J. Maher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank J. Maher Papers, Ms1986-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank J. Maher Papers, Ms1986-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank J. Maher Papers commenced in September, 2024, and was completed in November, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank J. Maher Papers commenced in September, 2024, and was completed in November, 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Francis (\"Frank\") J. Maher, a professor of engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) from 1937 to 1978. The collection includes Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing files (including notes, drawings, correspondence, and printed materials) on a number of bridge and building design projects, most notable of these perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge, designed by David B. Steinman. Also among Maher's office files are files pertaining to his academic career, including general academic administrative correspondence, and to his academic research on aerodynamics and wind loads. Maher's professional relationship with engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, for whom he frequently provided testing services, is reflected in a collection of correspondence and printed materials by Steinman. The collection includes notes, drawings, correspondence, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Francis (\"Frank\") J. Maher, a professor of engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) from 1937 to 1978. The collection includes Maher's consulting and wind tunnel testing files (including notes, drawings, correspondence, and printed materials) on a number of bridge and building design projects, most notable of these perhaps being the Mackinac Bridge, designed by David B. Steinman. Also among Maher's office files are files pertaining to his academic career, including general academic administrative correspondence, and to his academic research on aerodynamics and wind loads. Maher's professional relationship with engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman, for whom he frequently provided testing services, is reflected in a collection of correspondence and printed materials by Steinman. The collection includes notes, drawings, correspondence, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4218c471a7fbba16abe97484cd53b9de\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePapers--including writings, drawings, and correspondence--of Frank J. Maher (1915-1995), an engineer specializing in aerodynamic research and an instructor in Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech from 1937 to 1978. Includes consulting files and wind tunnel research on various building and bridge projects; research project files on aerodynamics and wind loads; academic courses; and materials relating to engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers--including writings, drawings, and correspondence--of Frank J. Maher (1915-1995), an engineer specializing in aerodynamic research and an instructor in Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech from 1937 to 1978. Includes consulting files and wind tunnel research on various building and bridge projects; research project files on aerodynamics and wind loads; academic courses; and materials relating to engineer and bridge designer David B. Steinman."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_199f145f3392ca1987878aa24cdbd53e\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University archives for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Maher, Frank J. (Francis Joseph), 1915-"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Maher, Frank J. 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