{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=14"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":14,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":140,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","English \n.    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The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","English \n.    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A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. 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"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_99","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Administrative Management Society records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_99#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Administrative Management Society. Richmond (Va.) Chapter","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_99#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Administrative Management Society files consist of Public Information and NOMA scrapbooks (1960-1969), early miscellaneous information (1941-1970) and the President's files (1981-1987).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_99#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_99","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_99","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_99","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_99","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_99.xml","title_ssm":["Administrative Management Society records"],"title_tesim":["Administrative Management Society records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1987","1941-1987"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1941-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 226"],"text":["M 226","Administrative Management Society records","Office management -- Societies, etc.","No restrictions on access.","Materials arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein. The papers of the Administrative Management Society are arranged in 3 series. Series I--Early Miscellaneous Files (1941-1970), Series II--President's Files (1981-1987), Series III--Public Information Albums and NOMA Scrapbook (1960-1969). The scrapbooks are stored with other scrapbooks in the old stack area. Papers within each folder proceed chronologically from back to front of folder.","The Richmond Chapter of the National Office Management Association was organized in 1940 with 31 charter members. Coinciding with a change in the name of the national (international) organization, the name of the chapter was changed on January 1, 1964 to the Richmond Chapter of the Administrative Management Society. The objectives of the Richmond Chapter are: 1. To promote a free exchange of ideas in office organization, operation and management. 2. To promote efficiency and economy in office administration by encouraging the application of scientific methods and standardization. 3. To assist educational institutions in interpreting the needs of commerce and industry relating to suitable training for a business career. 4. To hold meetings from time to time to consider and discuss subjects of mutual interest in the general field of administrative management. 5. To encourage the professionalization of the Chapter in the Society's program for certification of administrative managers.","The Administrative Management Society files consist of Public Information and NOMA scrapbooks (1960-1969), early miscellaneous information (1941-1970) and the President's files (1981-1987).","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Administrative Management Society. Richmond (Va.) Chapter","National Office Management Association. Richmond (Va.) Chapter","Administrative Management Society. Richmond (Va.) Chapter -- Archives","National Office Management Association. Richmond (Va.) Chapter -- Archives","English \n.    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Wasserman Papers","The collection is open to research; however some files with confidential information are restricted. Redacted copies may be made available at the discresion of the Special Collections and Archives staff.","This collection is divided into two series:","Series 1, Subject Files, 1925-1995.\nSeries 2, Personal Papers, 1957-2003.","Efforts have been made to maintain the original file titles and organization. Both series are arranged alphabetically and the material with the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.","Albert Julian Wasserman was born in Richmond, Virginia to Ann and Stanley Wasserman on January 23, 1928. Wasserman attended Thomas Jefferson High School and then the University of Virginia where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. He began medical school at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1948. Wasserman was a member of Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society,  Sigma Zeta National Honorary Scientific Socieyt, and Phi Delta Epsilon. He graduated in 1951 and was appointed to Beth Hospital in Massachusetts. He received additional training at MCV before entering the Air Force. ","Wasserman returned to MCV in 1956 and remained for the rest of his career. He was a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology, served as associate dean of curriculum, and as executive associate dean. During his tenure he was chosen as \"Teacher of the Year\" in 1977-1979, received the Special Award for Contributions to Education for the MCV Classes of 1981-1984, and given the Dean's Award for outstanding contribution to students and faculty at MCV in 1990.Wasserman served as editor or reviewer for several professional publication and was author or co-aurthor of more than 100 scientific articles. In addition to his work at MCV, Wasserman served as the Chief of Medical Service at the VA Hospital, Richmond from 1960-1963. He was also involved in numerous academic and professional organizations and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.  In 1992 he was awarded the MCV Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award. That same year Wasserman retired from MCV and was granted Professor Emeritus status. He also establish an endowed pharmacology award in his name. The Albert J. Wasserman, M.D. Student Award in Pharmacology is given each year to the M2 student with the highest score in that course.  Wasserman was also active in the local community. He served as PResident of Beth Sholom Home and of Temple Beth-El.","Wasserman married his high school sweetheart Martele \"Marty\" Sporn on June 27, 1948 while he was in medical school. Mrs. Wasserman, a graduate of Richmond Professional Institute, later became the secretary to Dr. William T. Sanger, President of of MCV. 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In addition to his work at MCV, Wasserman served as the Chief of Medical Service at the VA Hospital, Richmond from 1960-1963. He was also involved in numerous academic and professional organizations and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.  In 1992 he was awarded the MCV Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award. That same year Wasserman retired from MCV and was granted Professor Emeritus status. He also establish an endowed pharmacology award in his name. The Albert J. Wasserman, M.D. Student Award in Pharmacology is given each year to the M2 student with the highest score in that course.  Wasserman was also active in the local community. He served as PResident of Beth Sholom Home and of Temple Beth-El.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWasserman married his high school sweetheart Martele \"Marty\" Sporn on June 27, 1948 while he was in medical school. Mrs. Wasserman, a graduate of Richmond Professional Institute, later became the secretary to Dr. William T. 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Wasserman, Accession # 2012/Jul/11, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the large volume of material in the subject files only a representative sample of the journal articles and abstracts that Wasserman collected have been kept. All original materials such as lecture notes have been retained in full.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the large volume of material in the subject files only a representative sample of the journal articles and abstracts that Wasserman collected have been kept. All original materials such as lecture notes have been retained in full."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Albert J. Wasserman include materials relating to his career at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology. 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This series includes personal correspondence; materials relating to Wasserman's employment such as his letter of appointment to the faculty, personnel forms, employee handbook, and related materials; items related to his retirement including cards, letters, invitations, and his personal remarks from his retirement reception; MCV related programs; the endowment agreement for the creation of the Wasserman Student Award in Pharmacology; ephemera, including his MCV ID; and other related items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Albert J. Wasserman include materials relating to his career at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology. These materials including his subject files and his person papers.","Series 1: Subject Files, 1925-1995. This series consists of a representative sample of materials from Wasserman's subject files which include lecture notes, abstracts, journal articles, grand rounds case studies, and other materials related to medical issues that Dr. Wasserman studied and researched.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1957-2003. This series includes personal correspondence; materials relating to Wasserman's employment such as his letter of appointment to the faculty, personnel forms, employee handbook, and related materials; items related to his retirement including cards, letters, invitations, and his personal remarks from his retirement reception; MCV related programs; the endowment agreement for the creation of the Wasserman Student Award in Pharmacology; ephemera, including his MCV ID; and other related items."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection also included several artifacts a hemometer and hemacytomer, a head mirror reflector, and a glass decanter with the VCU seal.These items have been added to the medical artifacts. The collection also included papers and materials from Albert Wasserman's wife, Matele Sporn Wasserman. These materials have been transferred to Cabell Special Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection also included several artifacts a hemometer and hemacytomer, a head mirror reflector, and a glass decanter with the VCU seal.These items have been added to the medical artifacts. The collection also included papers and materials from Albert Wasserman's wife, Matele Sporn Wasserman. These materials have been transferred to Cabell Special Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"persname_ssim":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_27","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_27","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_27.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00045.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wasserman, Albert J., Papers ","title_ssm":["Albert J. Wasserman Papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert J. Wasserman Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2012.Jun.11"],"text":["2012.Jun.11","Albert J. Wasserman Papers","The collection is open to research; however some files with confidential information are restricted. Redacted copies may be made available at the discresion of the Special Collections and Archives staff.","This collection is divided into two series:","Series 1, Subject Files, 1925-1995.\nSeries 2, Personal Papers, 1957-2003.","Efforts have been made to maintain the original file titles and organization. Both series are arranged alphabetically and the material with the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.","Albert Julian Wasserman was born in Richmond, Virginia to Ann and Stanley Wasserman on January 23, 1928. Wasserman attended Thomas Jefferson High School and then the University of Virginia where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. He began medical school at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1948. Wasserman was a member of Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society,  Sigma Zeta National Honorary Scientific Socieyt, and Phi Delta Epsilon. He graduated in 1951 and was appointed to Beth Hospital in Massachusetts. He received additional training at MCV before entering the Air Force. ","Wasserman returned to MCV in 1956 and remained for the rest of his career. He was a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology, served as associate dean of curriculum, and as executive associate dean. During his tenure he was chosen as \"Teacher of the Year\" in 1977-1979, received the Special Award for Contributions to Education for the MCV Classes of 1981-1984, and given the Dean's Award for outstanding contribution to students and faculty at MCV in 1990.Wasserman served as editor or reviewer for several professional publication and was author or co-aurthor of more than 100 scientific articles. In addition to his work at MCV, Wasserman served as the Chief of Medical Service at the VA Hospital, Richmond from 1960-1963. He was also involved in numerous academic and professional organizations and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.  In 1992 he was awarded the MCV Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award. That same year Wasserman retired from MCV and was granted Professor Emeritus status. He also establish an endowed pharmacology award in his name. The Albert J. Wasserman, M.D. Student Award in Pharmacology is given each year to the M2 student with the highest score in that course.  Wasserman was also active in the local community. He served as PResident of Beth Sholom Home and of Temple Beth-El.","Wasserman married his high school sweetheart Martele \"Marty\" Sporn on June 27, 1948 while he was in medical school. Mrs. Wasserman, a graduate of Richmond Professional Institute, later became the secretary to Dr. William T. Sanger, President of of MCV. They had three children. Dr. Wasserman died on September 6, 2006 in Richmond, Virginia. ","Due to the large volume of material in the subject files only a representative sample of the journal articles and abstracts that Wasserman collected have been kept. All original materials such as lecture notes have been retained in full.","The papers of Albert J. Wasserman include materials relating to his career at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology. These materials including his subject files and his person papers.","Series 1: Subject Files, 1925-1995. This series consists of a representative sample of materials from Wasserman's subject files which include lecture notes, abstracts, journal articles, grand rounds case studies, and other materials related to medical issues that Dr. Wasserman studied and researched.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1957-2003. This series includes personal correspondence; materials relating to Wasserman's employment such as his letter of appointment to the faculty, personnel forms, employee handbook, and related materials; items related to his retirement including cards, letters, invitations, and his personal remarks from his retirement reception; MCV related programs; the endowment agreement for the creation of the Wasserman Student Award in Pharmacology; ephemera, including his MCV ID; and other related items.","This collection also included several artifacts a hemometer and hemacytomer, a head mirror reflector, and a glass decanter with the VCU seal.These items have been added to the medical artifacts. The collection also included papers and materials from Albert Wasserman's wife, Matele Sporn Wasserman. These materials have been transferred to Cabell Special Collection.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman","English \n.    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Wasserman Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"creator_ssim":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"creators_ssim":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Gail Wasserman Hart, 2011."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research; however some files with confidential information are restricted. Redacted copies may be made available at the discresion of the Special Collections and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research; however some files with confidential information are restricted. Redacted copies may be made available at the discresion of the Special Collections and Archives staff."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Subject Files, 1925-1995.\nSeries 2, Personal Papers, 1957-2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEfforts have been made to maintain the original file titles and organization. Both series are arranged alphabetically and the material with the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series:","Series 1, Subject Files, 1925-1995.\nSeries 2, Personal Papers, 1957-2003.","Efforts have been made to maintain the original file titles and organization. Both series are arranged alphabetically and the material with the files are arranged chronologically where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Julian Wasserman was born in Richmond, Virginia to Ann and Stanley Wasserman on January 23, 1928. Wasserman attended Thomas Jefferson High School and then the University of Virginia where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. He began medical school at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1948. Wasserman was a member of Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society,  Sigma Zeta National Honorary Scientific Socieyt, and Phi Delta Epsilon. He graduated in 1951 and was appointed to Beth Hospital in Massachusetts. He received additional training at MCV before entering the Air Force. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWasserman returned to MCV in 1956 and remained for the rest of his career. He was a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology, served as associate dean of curriculum, and as executive associate dean. During his tenure he was chosen as \"Teacher of the Year\" in 1977-1979, received the Special Award for Contributions to Education for the MCV Classes of 1981-1984, and given the Dean's Award for outstanding contribution to students and faculty at MCV in 1990.Wasserman served as editor or reviewer for several professional publication and was author or co-aurthor of more than 100 scientific articles. In addition to his work at MCV, Wasserman served as the Chief of Medical Service at the VA Hospital, Richmond from 1960-1963. He was also involved in numerous academic and professional organizations and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.  In 1992 he was awarded the MCV Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award. That same year Wasserman retired from MCV and was granted Professor Emeritus status. He also establish an endowed pharmacology award in his name. The Albert J. Wasserman, M.D. Student Award in Pharmacology is given each year to the M2 student with the highest score in that course.  Wasserman was also active in the local community. He served as PResident of Beth Sholom Home and of Temple Beth-El.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWasserman married his high school sweetheart Martele \"Marty\" Sporn on June 27, 1948 while he was in medical school. Mrs. Wasserman, a graduate of Richmond Professional Institute, later became the secretary to Dr. William T. Sanger, President of of MCV. They had three children. Dr. Wasserman died on September 6, 2006 in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Julian Wasserman was born in Richmond, Virginia to Ann and Stanley Wasserman on January 23, 1928. Wasserman attended Thomas Jefferson High School and then the University of Virginia where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. He began medical school at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1948. Wasserman was a member of Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society,  Sigma Zeta National Honorary Scientific Socieyt, and Phi Delta Epsilon. He graduated in 1951 and was appointed to Beth Hospital in Massachusetts. He received additional training at MCV before entering the Air Force. ","Wasserman returned to MCV in 1956 and remained for the rest of his career. He was a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology, served as associate dean of curriculum, and as executive associate dean. During his tenure he was chosen as \"Teacher of the Year\" in 1977-1979, received the Special Award for Contributions to Education for the MCV Classes of 1981-1984, and given the Dean's Award for outstanding contribution to students and faculty at MCV in 1990.Wasserman served as editor or reviewer for several professional publication and was author or co-aurthor of more than 100 scientific articles. In addition to his work at MCV, Wasserman served as the Chief of Medical Service at the VA Hospital, Richmond from 1960-1963. He was also involved in numerous academic and professional organizations and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.  In 1992 he was awarded the MCV Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award. That same year Wasserman retired from MCV and was granted Professor Emeritus status. He also establish an endowed pharmacology award in his name. The Albert J. Wasserman, M.D. Student Award in Pharmacology is given each year to the M2 student with the highest score in that course.  Wasserman was also active in the local community. He served as PResident of Beth Sholom Home and of Temple Beth-El.","Wasserman married his high school sweetheart Martele \"Marty\" Sporn on June 27, 1948 while he was in medical school. Mrs. Wasserman, a graduate of Richmond Professional Institute, later became the secretary to Dr. William T. Sanger, President of of MCV. They had three children. Dr. Wasserman died on September 6, 2006 in Richmond, Virginia. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Albert J. Wasserman, Accession # 2012/Jul/11, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Albert J. Wasserman, Accession # 2012/Jul/11, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the large volume of material in the subject files only a representative sample of the journal articles and abstracts that Wasserman collected have been kept. All original materials such as lecture notes have been retained in full.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the large volume of material in the subject files only a representative sample of the journal articles and abstracts that Wasserman collected have been kept. All original materials such as lecture notes have been retained in full."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Albert J. Wasserman include materials relating to his career at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology. These materials including his subject files and his person papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Subject Files, 1925-1995. This series consists of a representative sample of materials from Wasserman's subject files which include lecture notes, abstracts, journal articles, grand rounds case studies, and other materials related to medical issues that Dr. Wasserman studied and researched.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1957-2003. This series includes personal correspondence; materials relating to Wasserman's employment such as his letter of appointment to the faculty, personnel forms, employee handbook, and related materials; items related to his retirement including cards, letters, invitations, and his personal remarks from his retirement reception; MCV related programs; the endowment agreement for the creation of the Wasserman Student Award in Pharmacology; ephemera, including his MCV ID; and other related items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Albert J. Wasserman include materials relating to his career at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) as a professor of medicine and clinical pharmacology. These materials including his subject files and his person papers.","Series 1: Subject Files, 1925-1995. This series consists of a representative sample of materials from Wasserman's subject files which include lecture notes, abstracts, journal articles, grand rounds case studies, and other materials related to medical issues that Dr. Wasserman studied and researched.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1957-2003. This series includes personal correspondence; materials relating to Wasserman's employment such as his letter of appointment to the faculty, personnel forms, employee handbook, and related materials; items related to his retirement including cards, letters, invitations, and his personal remarks from his retirement reception; MCV related programs; the endowment agreement for the creation of the Wasserman Student Award in Pharmacology; ephemera, including his MCV ID; and other related items."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection also included several artifacts a hemometer and hemacytomer, a head mirror reflector, and a glass decanter with the VCU seal.These items have been added to the medical artifacts. The collection also included papers and materials from Albert Wasserman's wife, Matele Sporn Wasserman. These materials have been transferred to Cabell Special Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection also included several artifacts a hemometer and hemacytomer, a head mirror reflector, and a glass decanter with the VCU seal.These items have been added to the medical artifacts. The collection also included papers and materials from Albert Wasserman's wife, Matele Sporn Wasserman. These materials have been transferred to Cabell Special Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"persname_ssim":["Wasserman, Albert Julian, Dr.","Hart, Gail Wasserman"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_27"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_78.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78"],"text":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78","American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981.","The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.","The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"creators_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Betsy Brinson on behalf of the ACLU in 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.96 Linear Feet 38 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["15.96 Linear Feet 38 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":327,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:28.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_78.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78"],"text":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78","American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981.","The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.","The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. 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At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Brent papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_589#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_589#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_589#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_589","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_589","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_589","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_589","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_589.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brent, Andrew J., papers","title_ssm":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 281","/repositories/5/resources/589"],"text":["M 281","/repositories/5/resources/589","Andrew J. Brent papers","Henrico County (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","No restrictions on access.","The arrangement follows the donors folder endings and has been grouped according to general topic and alphabetically therein. Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)","Andrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996.","The collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)","Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 281","/repositories/5/resources/589"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew J. 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Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement follows the donors folder endings and has been grouped according to general topic and alphabetically therein. Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026amp; Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Andrew J. Brent Papers, M 281, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Andrew J. Brent Papers, M 281, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)","Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Brent papers","Henrico County (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","No restrictions on access.","The arrangement follows the donors folder endings and has been grouped according to general topic and alphabetically therein. Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)","Andrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996.","The collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)","Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 281","/repositories/5/resources/589"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew J. Brent papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew J. 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Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement follows the donors folder endings and has been grouped according to general topic and alphabetically therein. Series I--Downtown Development Unlimited (n.d., 1975-1987) Subseries A--Project One (n.d., 1971-1982); Series II--Richmond Metropolitan Authority (n.d., 1967-1988); Series III--Annexation of Henrico (n.d., 1961-1970); Series IV--Richmond Chamber of Commerce (n.d., 1960-1976); Series V--Richmond Professional Institute Foundation (n.d., 1970-1976); Series VI--Greater Metropolitan Committee (n.d., 1960-1961)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026amp; Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew J. Brent was a Richmond attorney who was active in community affairs in the city. He was also former director, general counsel and secretary of Media General Inc., the firm that owns the Richmond Times- Dispatch and other media outlets in the southeast. \"He was instrumental in the establishment [in 1969] of Media General,\" said J. Steward Bryan III, publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch and chairman of Media General Inc. \"In the mid-1960s, he was architect of the charter and by-laws of our company. The latter years of his life were devoted to metropolitan Richmond. He will be sorely missed, but his accomplishments will live on for decades to come.\" A native of Richmond, Brent was born in 1919. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia and graduated from its law school in 1941. Brent served as a naval intelligence officer during World War II. He began his law practice in Richmond in 1946 and became partner with the firm that became Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. He was active in community service in Richmond for four decades -- including work in the 1960s as chairman of the Greater Metropolitan Association, an organization formed to promote a Richmond-Henrico merger. In the 1970s he was a member of VCU's Board of Visitors (appointed in 1968, the year the university was founded) and president of the Downtown Development Unlimited, an organization that promoted private investment in downtown Richmond. He also served as director and president of the Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce. He was also active in his church, St. James Episcopal Church in Richmond, serving terms as vestryman and warden. He died June 8, 1996."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Andrew J. Brent Papers, M 281, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Andrew J. Brent Papers, M 281, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of documents concerning Downtown Development Unlimited and Project One, Henrico County Annexation, RPI Foundation, RMA, Richmond Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Metropolitan Committee. The collection dates from the early 1960s through the early 1980s.Eight volume bound set of court proceedings of the 1941 Annexation of Henrico by Richmond transferred to book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)","Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Metropolitan Authority","Richmond Chamber of Commerce (Richmond, Va.)","Richmond Professional Institute Foundation","Downtown Development Unlimited (Richmond, Va.)","Greater Metropolitan Committee (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Brent, Andrew J, 1919-1996"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":144,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_589"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Banana collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_197#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Banana, Anna, 1940-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_197#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_197#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_197.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu0132.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bannana, Anna, Collection","title_ssm":["Anna Banana collection"],"title_tesim":["Anna Banana collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1975-2003"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197"],"text":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197","Anna Banana collection","Mail art.","Artists -- Canada","Collection open for research.","The collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana.","Anna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances.","The Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\"","The collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Banana, Anna, 1940-","English."],"unitid_tesim":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Banana collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Banana collection"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Banana collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creator_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creators_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Rebecca Dobyns."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mail art.","Artists -- Canada"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mail art.","Artists -- Canada"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet .42 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet .42 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Ownership and Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Banana Collection, Collection Number M 385, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Anna Banana Collection, Collection Number M 385, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"persname_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"language_ssim":["English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_197","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_197.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu0132.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bannana, Anna, Collection","title_ssm":["Anna Banana collection"],"title_tesim":["Anna Banana collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1975-2003"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197"],"text":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197","Anna Banana collection","Mail art.","Artists -- Canada","Collection open for research.","The collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana.","Anna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances.","The Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\"","The collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Banana, Anna, 1940-","English."],"unitid_tesim":["M 385","/repositories/5/resources/197"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Banana collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Banana collection"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Banana collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creator_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"creators_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Rebecca Dobyns."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mail art.","Artists -- Canada"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mail art.","Artists -- Canada"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet .42 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet .42 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been divided into three groups: artist's bibliographic materials, newsletters, and published articles on Anna Banana."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anna Banana (b. 1940), formerly Anne Lee Long, is a visual and performance artist from Canada. Since the 1970s, she has been a major contributor and innovator of mail art. For over 30 years, she has been part of the International Mail Art Network (IMAN), an art exchange program that involves artists from all over the world. She has also published extensively on art related topics, including a newsletter called Banana Rag (1971-1991), which she converted into Artistamp News (1991-1996). In addition to her work with mail art, Anna Banana is also a performance artist. Her stage performances have included Dada and Futurist scripts as well as conceptual performances."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Ownership and Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Anna Banana Collection was compiled by a former VCU Special Collections and Archives intern, Rebecca Dobyns, in 2004. The stamps in the collection are also a gift sent directly from Anna Banana.The papers were collected by Dobyns as part of a book art project called To and From: Davi Det Hompson Correspondents. Her research was included in her master's thesis entitled \"The Postcard Art Project.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Banana Collection, Collection Number M 385, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Anna Banana Collection, Collection Number M 385, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of one box of thirty-one folders, which contains Anna Banana's extensive curriculum vitae, bibliographic materials, stamp designs from 1988-2002, selected newsletters from Banana Rag and Artistamp News, as well as reviews from various artists."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"persname_ssim":["Banana, Anna, 1940-"],"language_ssim":["English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_197"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_315#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_315#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_315.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton, papers","title_ssm":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"title_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922, 1926, 1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922, 1926, 1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315"],"text":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315","Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers","Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.","The Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program.","This is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school.","There are no restrictions.","Shelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection","VCU Health Sciences Library","Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"collection_ssim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton of Norfolk, VA in 1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Items"],"extent_tesim":["7 Items"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.","The Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers, Accession # 1986/Sep/21, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers, Accession # 1986/Sep/21, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5c64b0a44675d16458c89ada99c41ba1\"\u003eShelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Shelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"persname_ssim":["Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_315","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_315.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton, papers","title_ssm":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"title_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922, 1926, 1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922, 1926, 1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315"],"text":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315","Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers","Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.","The Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program.","This is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school.","There are no restrictions.","Shelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection","VCU Health Sciences Library","Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1986.Sep.21","/repositories/3/resources/315"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"collection_ssim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton of Norfolk, VA in 1986."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nursing schools -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Items"],"extent_tesim":["7 Items"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton was born in Petersburg, Virginia on October 13, 1901 to Clarence and Ardenia Miffleton. Linton attended the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses located at the corner of Eleventh and Clay streets in Richmond. She was a member of the final class to graduate from the school in 1922. Linton worked as a nurse in Richmond and in Norfolk. During her retirement she volunteered at Norfolk General Hospital as part of the patient relations program. Linton was married to Thomas Harrison Linton. She died on March 24, 1994 and is interred at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia.","The Virginia Hospital Training School for Nurses was established by the University College of Medicine (UCM) in 1893. UCM operated the program until 1913 when UCM and the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) consolidated. At that time the City of Richmond took over control of the Virginia Hospital and it was used for clinical teaching by MCV. From 1914 to 1922 the city operated its own training school, known as the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses. In 1922 an arrangement was made to allow graduates of the various nursing training schools affiliated with either MCV or UCM to join the general Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia, including graduates from the Virginia City Hospital training program."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers, Accession # 1986/Sep/21, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Annie Laurie Miffleton Linton papers, Accession # 1986/Sep/21, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a small collection of items which includes Linton's nursing diploma, a temporary permit to practice from the Graduate Nurses Examining Board of Virginia, a certificate from the Virginia Nurses Board of Examiners, a photograph of her nursing class, and another in her uniform, all from 1922. Also included is a certificate from the Texas Nurses Board of Examiners, 1926 and an article about Linton receiving the Community Betterment Award from the Norfolk Junior Woman's Club in 1978 for her volunteer work at Norfolk General Hospital. This is a significant collection as it contains items related to the 1922 class of the Virginia City Hospital Training School for Nurses, the last class to graduate from the school."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5c64b0a44675d16458c89ada99c41ba1\"\u003eShelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Shelved with the Nursing Alumni Collection"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"persname_ssim":["Linton, Annie Laurie Miffleton"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_315"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_302#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_302#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_302#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_302.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Prest, A. Patrick L., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016.11.69"],"text":["2016.11.69","A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."," The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n","The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.","The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2016.11.69"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were donated by the Department of Patient Counseling in the School of Allied Health Professionals at Virginia Commonwealth University in November 2016."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"extent_tesim":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":[" The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling"],"persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_302.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Prest, A. Patrick L., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016.11.69"],"text":["2016.11.69","A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."," The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n","The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.","The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2016.11.69"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were donated by the Department of Patient Counseling in the School of Allied Health Professionals at Virginia Commonwealth University in November 2016."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"extent_tesim":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":[" The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling"],"persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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His family returned to Venezuela in 1939 due to the rise of the Nazi Party in neighboring Germany and the onset of World War II. A year later his family moved to New York City where Benacerraf enrolled at Columbia University and graduated in 1942. He planned to attend medical school but struggled to gain admission because of the Jewish quotas imposed by many universities. After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. ","Benacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.","Although Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. The Nobel Laureate died August 2, 2011 at the age of 90 in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts."," For more information on Benacerraf's life, please see https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/auto-biography/. Benacerraf's Nobel Prize lecture is available online at https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/lecture/  ","Materials in this collection include photographs, reprints, materials relating to his Nobel prize, a grant proposal, and other academic materials related to his educational and teaching career.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Benacerraf, Baruj, 1920-2011","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1983.03.07","/repositories/3/resources/569"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Baruj Benacerraf papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Baruj Benacerraf papers"],"collection_ssim":["Baruj Benacerraf papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Benacerraf, Baruj, 1920-2011"],"creator_ssim":["Benacerraf, Baruj, 1920-2011"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Benacerraf, Baruj, 1920-2011"],"creators_ssim":["Benacerraf, Baruj, 1920-2011"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Baruj Benacerraf."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.16 Linear Feet 4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.16 Linear Feet 4 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolders arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folders arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBaruj Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela October 29, 1920, but raised in Paris, France. His family returned to Venezuela in 1939 due to the rise of the Nazi Party in neighboring Germany and the onset of World War II. A year later his family moved to New York City where Benacerraf enrolled at Columbia University and graduated in 1942. He planned to attend medical school but struggled to gain admission because of the Jewish quotas imposed by many universities. After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBenacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. The Nobel Laureate died August 2, 2011 at the age of 90 in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For more information on Benacerraf's life, please see https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/auto-biography/. Benacerraf's Nobel Prize lecture is available online at https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/lecture/  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Baruj Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela October 29, 1920, but raised in Paris, France. His family returned to Venezuela in 1939 due to the rise of the Nazi Party in neighboring Germany and the onset of World War II. A year later his family moved to New York City where Benacerraf enrolled at Columbia University and graduated in 1942. He planned to attend medical school but struggled to gain admission because of the Jewish quotas imposed by many universities. After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. ","Benacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.","Although Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. The Nobel Laureate died August 2, 2011 at the age of 90 in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts."," For more information on Benacerraf's life, please see https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/auto-biography/. 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His family returned to Venezuela in 1939 due to the rise of the Nazi Party in neighboring Germany and the onset of World War II. A year later his family moved to New York City where Benacerraf enrolled at Columbia University and graduated in 1942. He planned to attend medical school but struggled to gain admission because of the Jewish quotas imposed by many universities. After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. ","Benacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.","Although Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. The Nobel Laureate died August 2, 2011 at the age of 90 in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts."," For more information on Benacerraf's life, please see https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/auto-biography/. 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His family returned to Venezuela in 1939 due to the rise of the Nazi Party in neighboring Germany and the onset of World War II. A year later his family moved to New York City where Benacerraf enrolled at Columbia University and graduated in 1942. He planned to attend medical school but struggled to gain admission because of the Jewish quotas imposed by many universities. After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBenacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. 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After being rejected by twenty five schools, Benacerraf was accepted by the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). A family friend connected to the college served as a personal reference for the aspiring physician. MCV and other medical schools across the United States compressed their curriculum into three years to accelerate the number of trained physicians available to support the war effort. Benacerraf entered medical school in 1942 and received his Doctor of Medicine just as the war was concluding in Europe in the spring of 1945.  Following a one-year internship at Queen's General Hospital in New York, he served in the United States Army before embarking on a career as a biomedical researcher. He was affiliated with a number of institutions from France to Massachusetts before accepting a faculty position at Harvard University in 1970. For the next twenty-one years Benacerraf continued his immunological research at Harvard as professor and researcher. ","Benacerraf is best known for earning the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1980 along with George D. Snell and Jean Dausset. Exploring the body's immune system, they discovered a histocompatibility complex-the part of DNA that controls immune response. In the 1960s, Benacerraf carried out experiments on Guinea pigs which built upon Snell and Dausset's earlier work, and found that only some had responses to specific antigens. After selectively breeding the Guinea pigs, he discovered that this trait was genetic, and demonstrated that a previously unknown gene within the major histocompatibility complex existed and could be passed down between generations. This gene is now known as an immune-response gene, and is found within the same chromosome region that determines the formation of H antigens.","Although Benacerraf never returned to his alma mater as a faculty member or research scientist, he remained connected to the college, participating in class reunions and special events, as well as delivering the commencement address in 1981 for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 2009, the VCU School of Medicine named one of its four student medical societies for Benacerraf. The Nobel Laureate died August 2, 2011 at the age of 90 in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts."," For more information on Benacerraf's life, please see https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/auto-biography/. 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