{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=32","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=31","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=33","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=208"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":32,"next_page":33,"prev_page":31,"total_pages":208,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":310,"total_count":2074,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Charters","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 1: Administrative","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents","Charters","box 1","folder 19"],"title_filing_ssi":"Charters","title_ssm":["Charters"],"title_tesim":["Charters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charters"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 19"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#14","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"text":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c01_c01_c15"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01_c22","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Chavis vs. Whitcomb","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01_c22#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01_c22","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01_c22"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01_c22","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","vircu_repositories_5_resources_110_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Horace H. Edwards papers","Personal Information and Legal Cases"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers","Personal Information and Legal Cases"],"text":["Horace H. Edwards papers","Personal Information and Legal Cases","Chavis vs. Whitcomb","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chavis vs. Whitcomb","title_ssm":["Chavis vs. Whitcomb"],"title_tesim":["Chavis vs. Whitcomb"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chavis vs. Whitcomb"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":23,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1971],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#21","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_110.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edwards, Horace H., papers","title_ssm":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"title_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"text":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110","Horace H. Edwards papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Local government -- Virginia.","Politicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)","Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.","The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"collection_ssim":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Edwards, Horace H. 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In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"persname_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Bosher Materials, 1891-1986 -- Series 7: Miscellaneous Materials, circa 1913. Efforts have been made to maintain the original file organization. Numerous files labeled \"miscellaneous\" were merged with the existing files and some similar files, such as those on thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, were merged together. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.","Dr. Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. (b. 1914)","Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. was born in Richmond, Virginia on January 19, 1914 to Lewis Hinton Bosher (1884-1980) and Roberta Ashby Smith Bosher (1886-1973). He attended St. Christopher's School in Richmond and then the University of Virginia (UVA) where he received a B.S. degree in 1936. At UVA he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society and The Raven Society. Bosher pursued his medical education at Harvard Medical School and was awarded his M.D. in 1940.","The U.S. entered World War II while Bosher was serving as an assistant resident in surgery at Bellevue Hospital. He joined the Army Medical Corps in 1942, and was assigned to several stateside station hospitals from 1942-1943. In 1944, he was sent to Europe where he served in the First General Hospital until 1944, and then the Fourth Auxiliary Surgical Group. His final transfer was in 1945 to McGuire General Hospital in Virginia. The Army discharged Bosher in 1946 with the rank of Major.","After Bosher was discharged from the Army he served a surgical residency at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) from 1946 to 1947. He then pursued additional postdoctoral training in general surgery at the Lahey Clinic in Massachusetts and thoracic surgery at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Bosher returned to MCV in 1950 as an assistant professor in the Department of Surgery. He was promoted to associate professor in 1954 and to full professor in 1974. Bosher retired from academic medicine in 1979 and began a private practice. Bosher partnered with Dr. Harold Jay Levinson to establish cardiac surgery programs at Chippenham and Henrico Doctors' Hospitals. Bosher Auditorium in Chippenham Hospital is named in his honor.","Bosher spent the majority of his career at MCV and received high praise from numerous colleagues for his solid teaching abilities, commitment to the profession, and care and compassion for his patients. However, his tenure at MCV was not without some controversy. Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, head of the Department of Surgery, established a division of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and made Bosher chief of the division. Bigger died in 1955 and was replaced by Dr. David Hume. Bosher did not always agree with Hume's administrative decisions and they became embroiled in a protracted conflict when Hume abolished Bosher's division in 1958. The Board of Visitors had never formalized Bigger's creation of the division, so Hume interpreted this to mean it never officially existed. The conflict appeared to be resolved in 1962 when the Board admonished Bosher for his defiance of Hume's authority, but they recognized Bosher's authority in the area of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Bosher was made chair of the section of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in 1962. However in 1964 Hume decided to replace the section with a division of thoracic and cardiac surgery and appointed Dr. Richard Lower chair rather than Bosher.","Bosher maintained membership in numerous honorary, professional, and scientific societies including American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Associations, American Medical Association, American Society for Artificial internal Organs, International Cardiovascular Society, Medical Society of Virginia, New York Academy of Science, Richmond Academy of Medicine, Richmond Area Heart Association (board of directors, president, 1961-1962), Society for Vascular Surgeons, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Southern Surgical Association, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (president, 1963-1964), Virginia Academy of Science, Virginia Heart Association (board of directors), Virginia Surgical Society, and Virginia Thoracic Society. Bosher also served as associate editor (1952-1953) and editor (1954-1955) of Virginia Medical Monthly.","Bosher married Blanche Kenny Smith of Bourbon County, Kentucky in 1947. They had four children.","Dr. Lewis C. Bosher (1860-1920)","Lewis Crenshaw Bosher, a physician and medical professor, was born on February 17, 1860 in Richmond, Virginia to Robert H. Bosher and Elizabeth Eubank Bosher. Bosher earned his medical degree from the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1883 and received postgraduate training in surgery at Mount Sinai and Bellevue Hospitals in New York. Bosher returned to MCV in 1884 serving as demonstrator of anatomy. He was promoted to professor of anatomy and clinical lecturer on genito-urinary surgery in 1888, professor of the practice of surgery and clinical surgery in 1896, and professor of surgery in 1897. In 1910 Bosher chaired a joint committee whose purpose was to negotiate the merger of the University College of Medicine with MCV, which occurred in 1913. After the merger Bosher accepted the newly created position of professor of genito-urinary surgery.","Bosher was very active in the Richmond medical community. He maintained a private practice while on the faculty at MCV. In 1893 he served as deputy coroner of Richmond. He also chaired the hospital committee for Old Dominion Hospital in the late 1890s, assisted in the planning of Memorial Hospital which opened in 1903, and was a cofounder of Stuart Circle Hospital in 1913. Bosher was also engaged in several professional societies. He served as president of the Richmond Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 1901-1902, first vice president of the Medical Society of Virginia, 1904-1905, and president of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association in 1905.","Health problems led Bosher to resign from his faculty position at MCV in March of 1916. He passed away in his Richmond, Virginia home on September 12, 1920 and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery. Bosher never married. He was the great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher (b. 1914), also a physician and faculty member at MCV.","Dr. Isaac A. Bigger (1893-1955)","Isaac Alexander Bigger was born in Bethel, South Carolina on June 25, 1893. He was one of five children born to Isaac A. and Mary Neel Johnston Bigger. He attended Erskine College for one year and then transferred to Davidson College. He entered the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1914 for medical school. Bigger suffered from bronchial asthma and this ailment combined with injuries sustained during a sleepwalking incident slowed his medical education. He eventually graduated from UVA in 1919.","Bigger was on the surgical staff of both UVA and Vanderbilt University before he came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1930. He was appointed the first full time professor of surgery at MCV. Bigger was a noted surgeon who developed many surgical innovations while working tirelessly with students, residents, and patients. He contributed over fifty articles to medical literature and coauthored Operative Surgery with J. Shelton Horsley in 1937.","Bigger's health began to deteriorate in 1953. He was hospitalized several times and eventually died of complications resulting from his asthma in 1955. The Isaac A. Bigger Medal, presented to a surgical resident for integrity, leadership, teaching, and clinical ability is awarded annually in memory of Dr. Bigger at the VCU Medical Center.","The papers of Dr. Lewis H. Bosher are primarily items relating to his professional work as a surgeon and a member of the faculty at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).The majority of his papers are made up of correspondence and also includes some journal articles, newspaper clippings, and photographs. Bosher's papers also contains materials he collected to write a biographical sketch of fellow surgeon Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, and items from his great uncle, Dr. Lewis C. Bosher, including his lecture notes from 1905.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1945-1994. This series is comprised of correspondence that Bosher exchanged with numerous colleagues regarding the practice of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Often they are trading information on techniques and problems as well as discussing various types of equipment used in surgery such as oxygenators and coronary perfusion pumps. Also there is correspondence with medical supply companies, other hospitals, and various medical organizations with whom Bosher was involved.","Series 2: Professional Papers, 1936-1979. This series is composed of materials such as Bosher's curriculum vitae, employment information from MCV and McGuire Veteran's Hospital, journal articles, lectures, presentations, reports, and unpublished works.","Series 3: MCV Papers, 1949-1979. This series is composed primarily of correspondence and related materials pertaining to Bosher's tenure at MCV. Of particular interest are the three folders of correspondence labeled \"Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1949-1979.\" It spans Bosher's entire career at MCV and provides insight into the evolution of that service.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1951-1979. These files contain correspondence, data, and notes maintained by Bosher on subjects that related to his work in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.","Series 5: Bigger Biographical Sketch Project, 1923-1987. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery asked Bosher to write a biographical sketch of Dr. Isaac A. Bigger. This series contains the research conducted by Bosher to complete the sketch. Items include correspondence with family, friends, and colleagues of Bigger, copies of his medical articles, and information gleaned from other sources such as newspapers and organizations to which Bigger belonged. Two copies of the completed sketch and the accompanying appendix are also included in the series.","Series 6: Dr. Lewis C. Bosher Materials, 1891-1986. Items in this series belonged to Lewis C. Bosher, great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher. He was a Richmond physician and on the faculty of MCV. This series includes Bosher's lecture notes on genito-urinary surgery, venereal disease, and special fractures, journal articles, and miscellaneous items relating to MCV.","Series 7: Miscellaneous Materials. This series contains an unpublished manuscript on the subject of angiorraphy. Based on the citations it appears to have been written circa 1913. The title page is missing and there is no indication of who is the author.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914-","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914- -- Archives","Bigger, Isaac A. 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(Lewis Hinton), 1914-"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Surgeons -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","General Surgery -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Surgeons -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","General Surgery -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1945-1994 -- Series 2: Professional Papers, 1936-1979 -- Series 3: MCV Papers, 1949-1979 -- Series 4: Subject Files, 1951-1979 -- Series 5: Bigger Biographical Sketch Project, 1923-1987 -- Series 6: Dr. Lewis C. Bosher Materials, 1891-1986 -- Series 7: Miscellaneous Materials, circa 1913. Efforts have been made to maintain the original file organization. Numerous files labeled \"miscellaneous\" were merged with the existing files and some similar files, such as those on thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, were merged together. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Correspondence, 1945-1994 -- Series 2: Professional Papers, 1936-1979 -- Series 3: MCV Papers, 1949-1979 -- Series 4: Subject Files, 1951-1979 -- Series 5: Bigger Biographical Sketch Project, 1923-1987 -- Series 6: Dr. Lewis C. Bosher Materials, 1891-1986 -- Series 7: Miscellaneous Materials, circa 1913. Efforts have been made to maintain the original file organization. Numerous files labeled \"miscellaneous\" were merged with the existing files and some similar files, such as those on thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, were merged together. Files are arranged alphabetically within each series and materials within the files are arranged chronologically where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDr. Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. (b. 1914)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. was born in Richmond, Virginia on January 19, 1914 to Lewis Hinton Bosher (1884-1980) and Roberta Ashby Smith Bosher (1886-1973). He attended St. Christopher's School in Richmond and then the University of Virginia (UVA) where he received a B.S. degree in 1936. At UVA he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society and The Raven Society. Bosher pursued his medical education at Harvard Medical School and was awarded his M.D. in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. entered World War II while Bosher was serving as an assistant resident in surgery at Bellevue Hospital. He joined the Army Medical Corps in 1942, and was assigned to several stateside station hospitals from 1942-1943. In 1944, he was sent to Europe where he served in the First General Hospital until 1944, and then the Fourth Auxiliary Surgical Group. His final transfer was in 1945 to McGuire General Hospital in Virginia. The Army discharged Bosher in 1946 with the rank of Major.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter Bosher was discharged from the Army he served a surgical residency at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) from 1946 to 1947. He then pursued additional postdoctoral training in general surgery at the Lahey Clinic in Massachusetts and thoracic surgery at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Bosher returned to MCV in 1950 as an assistant professor in the Department of Surgery. He was promoted to associate professor in 1954 and to full professor in 1974. Bosher retired from academic medicine in 1979 and began a private practice. Bosher partnered with Dr. Harold Jay Levinson to establish cardiac surgery programs at Chippenham and Henrico Doctors' Hospitals. Bosher Auditorium in Chippenham Hospital is named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBosher spent the majority of his career at MCV and received high praise from numerous colleagues for his solid teaching abilities, commitment to the profession, and care and compassion for his patients. However, his tenure at MCV was not without some controversy. Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, head of the Department of Surgery, established a division of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and made Bosher chief of the division. Bigger died in 1955 and was replaced by Dr. David Hume. Bosher did not always agree with Hume's administrative decisions and they became embroiled in a protracted conflict when Hume abolished Bosher's division in 1958. The Board of Visitors had never formalized Bigger's creation of the division, so Hume interpreted this to mean it never officially existed. The conflict appeared to be resolved in 1962 when the Board admonished Bosher for his defiance of Hume's authority, but they recognized Bosher's authority in the area of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Bosher was made chair of the section of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in 1962. However in 1964 Hume decided to replace the section with a division of thoracic and cardiac surgery and appointed Dr. Richard Lower chair rather than Bosher.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBosher maintained membership in numerous honorary, professional, and scientific societies including American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Associations, American Medical Association, American Society for Artificial internal Organs, International Cardiovascular Society, Medical Society of Virginia, New York Academy of Science, Richmond Academy of Medicine, Richmond Area Heart Association (board of directors, president, 1961-1962), Society for Vascular Surgeons, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Southern Surgical Association, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (president, 1963-1964), Virginia Academy of Science, Virginia Heart Association (board of directors), Virginia Surgical Society, and Virginia Thoracic Society. Bosher also served as associate editor (1952-1953) and editor (1954-1955) of Virginia Medical Monthly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBosher married Blanche Kenny Smith of Bourbon County, Kentucky in 1947. They had four children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDr. Lewis C. Bosher (1860-1920)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis Crenshaw Bosher, a physician and medical professor, was born on February 17, 1860 in Richmond, Virginia to Robert H. Bosher and Elizabeth Eubank Bosher. Bosher earned his medical degree from the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1883 and received postgraduate training in surgery at Mount Sinai and Bellevue Hospitals in New York. Bosher returned to MCV in 1884 serving as demonstrator of anatomy. He was promoted to professor of anatomy and clinical lecturer on genito-urinary surgery in 1888, professor of the practice of surgery and clinical surgery in 1896, and professor of surgery in 1897. In 1910 Bosher chaired a joint committee whose purpose was to negotiate the merger of the University College of Medicine with MCV, which occurred in 1913. After the merger Bosher accepted the newly created position of professor of genito-urinary surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBosher was very active in the Richmond medical community. He maintained a private practice while on the faculty at MCV. In 1893 he served as deputy coroner of Richmond. He also chaired the hospital committee for Old Dominion Hospital in the late 1890s, assisted in the planning of Memorial Hospital which opened in 1903, and was a cofounder of Stuart Circle Hospital in 1913. Bosher was also engaged in several professional societies. He served as president of the Richmond Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 1901-1902, first vice president of the Medical Society of Virginia, 1904-1905, and president of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association in 1905.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHealth problems led Bosher to resign from his faculty position at MCV in March of 1916. He passed away in his Richmond, Virginia home on September 12, 1920 and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery. Bosher never married. He was the great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher (b. 1914), also a physician and faculty member at MCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDr. Isaac A. Bigger (1893-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIsaac Alexander Bigger was born in Bethel, South Carolina on June 25, 1893. He was one of five children born to Isaac A. and Mary Neel Johnston Bigger. He attended Erskine College for one year and then transferred to Davidson College. He entered the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1914 for medical school. Bigger suffered from bronchial asthma and this ailment combined with injuries sustained during a sleepwalking incident slowed his medical education. He eventually graduated from UVA in 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBigger was on the surgical staff of both UVA and Vanderbilt University before he came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1930. He was appointed the first full time professor of surgery at MCV. Bigger was a noted surgeon who developed many surgical innovations while working tirelessly with students, residents, and patients. He contributed over fifty articles to medical literature and coauthored Operative Surgery with J. Shelton Horsley in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBigger's health began to deteriorate in 1953. He was hospitalized several times and eventually died of complications resulting from his asthma in 1955. The Isaac A. Bigger Medal, presented to a surgical resident for integrity, leadership, teaching, and clinical ability is awarded annually in memory of Dr. Bigger at the VCU Medical Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. (b. 1914)","Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr. was born in Richmond, Virginia on January 19, 1914 to Lewis Hinton Bosher (1884-1980) and Roberta Ashby Smith Bosher (1886-1973). He attended St. Christopher's School in Richmond and then the University of Virginia (UVA) where he received a B.S. degree in 1936. At UVA he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society and The Raven Society. Bosher pursued his medical education at Harvard Medical School and was awarded his M.D. in 1940.","The U.S. entered World War II while Bosher was serving as an assistant resident in surgery at Bellevue Hospital. He joined the Army Medical Corps in 1942, and was assigned to several stateside station hospitals from 1942-1943. In 1944, he was sent to Europe where he served in the First General Hospital until 1944, and then the Fourth Auxiliary Surgical Group. His final transfer was in 1945 to McGuire General Hospital in Virginia. The Army discharged Bosher in 1946 with the rank of Major.","After Bosher was discharged from the Army he served a surgical residency at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) from 1946 to 1947. He then pursued additional postdoctoral training in general surgery at the Lahey Clinic in Massachusetts and thoracic surgery at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Bosher returned to MCV in 1950 as an assistant professor in the Department of Surgery. He was promoted to associate professor in 1954 and to full professor in 1974. Bosher retired from academic medicine in 1979 and began a private practice. Bosher partnered with Dr. Harold Jay Levinson to establish cardiac surgery programs at Chippenham and Henrico Doctors' Hospitals. Bosher Auditorium in Chippenham Hospital is named in his honor.","Bosher spent the majority of his career at MCV and received high praise from numerous colleagues for his solid teaching abilities, commitment to the profession, and care and compassion for his patients. However, his tenure at MCV was not without some controversy. Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, head of the Department of Surgery, established a division of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and made Bosher chief of the division. Bigger died in 1955 and was replaced by Dr. David Hume. Bosher did not always agree with Hume's administrative decisions and they became embroiled in a protracted conflict when Hume abolished Bosher's division in 1958. The Board of Visitors had never formalized Bigger's creation of the division, so Hume interpreted this to mean it never officially existed. The conflict appeared to be resolved in 1962 when the Board admonished Bosher for his defiance of Hume's authority, but they recognized Bosher's authority in the area of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Bosher was made chair of the section of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in 1962. However in 1964 Hume decided to replace the section with a division of thoracic and cardiac surgery and appointed Dr. Richard Lower chair rather than Bosher.","Bosher maintained membership in numerous honorary, professional, and scientific societies including American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Associations, American Medical Association, American Society for Artificial internal Organs, International Cardiovascular Society, Medical Society of Virginia, New York Academy of Science, Richmond Academy of Medicine, Richmond Area Heart Association (board of directors, president, 1961-1962), Society for Vascular Surgeons, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Southern Surgical Association, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (president, 1963-1964), Virginia Academy of Science, Virginia Heart Association (board of directors), Virginia Surgical Society, and Virginia Thoracic Society. Bosher also served as associate editor (1952-1953) and editor (1954-1955) of Virginia Medical Monthly.","Bosher married Blanche Kenny Smith of Bourbon County, Kentucky in 1947. They had four children.","Dr. Lewis C. Bosher (1860-1920)","Lewis Crenshaw Bosher, a physician and medical professor, was born on February 17, 1860 in Richmond, Virginia to Robert H. Bosher and Elizabeth Eubank Bosher. Bosher earned his medical degree from the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1883 and received postgraduate training in surgery at Mount Sinai and Bellevue Hospitals in New York. Bosher returned to MCV in 1884 serving as demonstrator of anatomy. He was promoted to professor of anatomy and clinical lecturer on genito-urinary surgery in 1888, professor of the practice of surgery and clinical surgery in 1896, and professor of surgery in 1897. In 1910 Bosher chaired a joint committee whose purpose was to negotiate the merger of the University College of Medicine with MCV, which occurred in 1913. After the merger Bosher accepted the newly created position of professor of genito-urinary surgery.","Bosher was very active in the Richmond medical community. He maintained a private practice while on the faculty at MCV. In 1893 he served as deputy coroner of Richmond. He also chaired the hospital committee for Old Dominion Hospital in the late 1890s, assisted in the planning of Memorial Hospital which opened in 1903, and was a cofounder of Stuart Circle Hospital in 1913. Bosher was also engaged in several professional societies. He served as president of the Richmond Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 1901-1902, first vice president of the Medical Society of Virginia, 1904-1905, and president of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association in 1905.","Health problems led Bosher to resign from his faculty position at MCV in March of 1916. He passed away in his Richmond, Virginia home on September 12, 1920 and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery. Bosher never married. He was the great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher (b. 1914), also a physician and faculty member at MCV.","Dr. Isaac A. Bigger (1893-1955)","Isaac Alexander Bigger was born in Bethel, South Carolina on June 25, 1893. He was one of five children born to Isaac A. and Mary Neel Johnston Bigger. He attended Erskine College for one year and then transferred to Davidson College. He entered the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1914 for medical school. Bigger suffered from bronchial asthma and this ailment combined with injuries sustained during a sleepwalking incident slowed his medical education. He eventually graduated from UVA in 1919.","Bigger was on the surgical staff of both UVA and Vanderbilt University before he came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) in 1930. He was appointed the first full time professor of surgery at MCV. Bigger was a noted surgeon who developed many surgical innovations while working tirelessly with students, residents, and patients. He contributed over fifty articles to medical literature and coauthored Operative Surgery with J. Shelton Horsley in 1937.","Bigger's health began to deteriorate in 1953. He was hospitalized several times and eventually died of complications resulting from his asthma in 1955. The Isaac A. Bigger Medal, presented to a surgical resident for integrity, leadership, teaching, and clinical ability is awarded annually in memory of Dr. Bigger at the VCU Medical Center."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Dr. Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr., Accession # 1997/Jul/8, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Dr. Lewis Hinton Bosher, Jr., Accession # 1997/Jul/8, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Dr. Lewis H. Bosher are primarily items relating to his professional work as a surgeon and a member of the faculty at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).The majority of his papers are made up of correspondence and also includes some journal articles, newspaper clippings, and photographs. Bosher's papers also contains materials he collected to write a biographical sketch of fellow surgeon Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, and items from his great uncle, Dr. Lewis C. Bosher, including his lecture notes from 1905.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1945-1994. This series is comprised of correspondence that Bosher exchanged with numerous colleagues regarding the practice of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Often they are trading information on techniques and problems as well as discussing various types of equipment used in surgery such as oxygenators and coronary perfusion pumps. Also there is correspondence with medical supply companies, other hospitals, and various medical organizations with whom Bosher was involved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional Papers, 1936-1979. This series is composed of materials such as Bosher's curriculum vitae, employment information from MCV and McGuire Veteran's Hospital, journal articles, lectures, presentations, reports, and unpublished works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: MCV Papers, 1949-1979. This series is composed primarily of correspondence and related materials pertaining to Bosher's tenure at MCV. Of particular interest are the three folders of correspondence labeled \"Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1949-1979.\" It spans Bosher's entire career at MCV and provides insight into the evolution of that service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files, 1951-1979. These files contain correspondence, data, and notes maintained by Bosher on subjects that related to his work in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Bigger Biographical Sketch Project, 1923-1987. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery asked Bosher to write a biographical sketch of Dr. Isaac A. Bigger. This series contains the research conducted by Bosher to complete the sketch. Items include correspondence with family, friends, and colleagues of Bigger, copies of his medical articles, and information gleaned from other sources such as newspapers and organizations to which Bigger belonged. Two copies of the completed sketch and the accompanying appendix are also included in the series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Dr. Lewis C. Bosher Materials, 1891-1986. Items in this series belonged to Lewis C. Bosher, great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher. He was a Richmond physician and on the faculty of MCV. This series includes Bosher's lecture notes on genito-urinary surgery, venereal disease, and special fractures, journal articles, and miscellaneous items relating to MCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Miscellaneous Materials. This series contains an unpublished manuscript on the subject of angiorraphy. Based on the citations it appears to have been written circa 1913. The title page is missing and there is no indication of who is the author.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Dr. Lewis H. Bosher are primarily items relating to his professional work as a surgeon and a member of the faculty at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).The majority of his papers are made up of correspondence and also includes some journal articles, newspaper clippings, and photographs. Bosher's papers also contains materials he collected to write a biographical sketch of fellow surgeon Dr. Isaac A. Bigger, and items from his great uncle, Dr. Lewis C. Bosher, including his lecture notes from 1905.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1945-1994. This series is comprised of correspondence that Bosher exchanged with numerous colleagues regarding the practice of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Often they are trading information on techniques and problems as well as discussing various types of equipment used in surgery such as oxygenators and coronary perfusion pumps. Also there is correspondence with medical supply companies, other hospitals, and various medical organizations with whom Bosher was involved.","Series 2: Professional Papers, 1936-1979. This series is composed of materials such as Bosher's curriculum vitae, employment information from MCV and McGuire Veteran's Hospital, journal articles, lectures, presentations, reports, and unpublished works.","Series 3: MCV Papers, 1949-1979. This series is composed primarily of correspondence and related materials pertaining to Bosher's tenure at MCV. Of particular interest are the three folders of correspondence labeled \"Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1949-1979.\" It spans Bosher's entire career at MCV and provides insight into the evolution of that service.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1951-1979. These files contain correspondence, data, and notes maintained by Bosher on subjects that related to his work in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.","Series 5: Bigger Biographical Sketch Project, 1923-1987. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery asked Bosher to write a biographical sketch of Dr. Isaac A. Bigger. This series contains the research conducted by Bosher to complete the sketch. Items include correspondence with family, friends, and colleagues of Bigger, copies of his medical articles, and information gleaned from other sources such as newspapers and organizations to which Bigger belonged. Two copies of the completed sketch and the accompanying appendix are also included in the series.","Series 6: Dr. Lewis C. Bosher Materials, 1891-1986. Items in this series belonged to Lewis C. Bosher, great uncle of Lewis H. Bosher. He was a Richmond physician and on the faculty of MCV. This series includes Bosher's lecture notes on genito-urinary surgery, venereal disease, and special fractures, journal articles, and miscellaneous items relating to MCV.","Series 7: Miscellaneous Materials. This series contains an unpublished manuscript on the subject of angiorraphy. Based on the citations it appears to have been written circa 1913. The title page is missing and there is no indication of who is the author."],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914- -- Archives","Bigger, Isaac A. (Isaac Alexander)"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914-","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914- -- Archives","Bigger, Isaac A. (Isaac Alexander)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae"],"persname_ssim":["Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914-","Bosher, Lewis H. (Lewis Hinton), 1914- -- Archives","Bigger, Isaac A. (Isaac Alexander)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_9_c01_c15"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Chesterfield Annexation","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Crockford papers","Series 1: Desegregation Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Crockford papers","Series 1: Desegregation Files"],"text":["Virginia Crockford papers","Series 1: Desegregation Files","Chesterfield Annexation","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chesterfield Annexation","title_ssm":["Chesterfield Annexation"],"title_tesim":["Chesterfield Annexation"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesterfield Annexation"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_420","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_420.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crockford, Virginia, papers","title_ssm":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 283","/repositories/5/resources/420"],"text":["M 283","/repositories/5/resources/420","Virginia Crockford papers","Public schools -- Management.","School integration -- Virginia -- Richmond.","School integration -- Virginia.","School board members -- Virginia -- Richmond.","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975, Series 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, Series 3: Publication, 1961-1972, Series 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993.","Virginia Allen Crockford (1917-2001) served on the City of Richmond's School Board during the late 1960s and early 1970s. During her tenure on the board, the city schools were desegregated, and the sex education curriculum expanded. Born in Blacksburg, Virginia, in 1917, Crockford moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1947 with her husband, W. Hamilton Crockford III. In 1962, she was appointed to the Richmond City School Board. At the time, she was the only female member of the board and the second woman in the history of the organization. Crockford later served as the Chair of the board from 1968-1972.","While serving on the board, Crockford acted as a proponent for efficient and effective desegregation of the Richmond City Public Schools. She advocated for a logistical model of integration that did not require the temporary closing of schools, instead opting for busing to facilitate integration. As a result of her methods, which parents found radical, Richmond City Councilman Howard Carwile called for her removal in 1970, but the motion was defeated in a 7-1 vote.","Additionally, she was involved in the review process for an updated sex education curriculum within Richmond City Schools, which resulted in an expanded and improved program. She also led efforts to promote the National Congress of Parents and Teachers' position for expanded sex education throughout the state of Virginia. ","Crockford remained on the school board until her term ended in 1972. In addition to serving on the school board, Crockford was president of the Virginia Parent Teacher Association, the League of Women Voters, and the Central Virginia Health System's Agency. She was also a member of the Virginia Health Planning Agency and the founder of the Volunteers and Juvenile Courts Project.  ","In 1989-1993, she served on the steering committee for Richmond Tomorrow, a community-based strategic planning group established by the Richmond City Council focused on creating a common vision for the city's development. During her time on the steering committee, she served the organization's goal of improving the community through the establishment and implementation of multiple task forces to examine city finances, education, and economic development. ","She died on March 24, 2001.","Originally processed in August 1990 and revised in July 1995, in 2019, the collection was rehoused for preservation purposes and reprocessed to facilitate better access. A previously unprocessed accession was identified and incorporated into the the collection. The finding aid was updated in accordance with DACS standards to reflect the changes and additions to the collection.","The Virginia Crockford papers, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, is a collection of materials used by Virginia Crockford during her tenure on the City of Richmond School Board (1962-1972) and on the steering committee of the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group (1989-1993). The collection primarily consists of correspondence, meeting minutes, task force reports, and informational material regarding Richmond City Public Schools. A primary focus of the material is the desegregation of Richmond City Public Schools, highlighting public reaction and the school board's response and implementation of this policy. ","Series 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975: The Desegregation Files series of the collection focuses on the Richmond City School Board's involvement in and implementation of desegregation programs during and after the United States Civil Rights Movement. The series contains various subject files related to desegregation implementation including correspondence with parents of students, integrated busing, school reopenings, and regional consolidation. ","Series 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975: The bulk of the collection is comprised of files from the Richmond School Board regarding general issues that Crockford was involved in during her tenure. This material includes meeting minutes and agendas from Richmond City School Board meetings, correspondence, task force reports, and subject files.","The meeting minutes and correspondence provide insight into the issues which the Richmond City School Board faced during Crockford's tenure. These issues include parental complaints, concerns over various logistical restructuring projects, and opposition to changes in sex education policy. ","The series' task force reports and subject files provide focused information on projects the school board was undertaking, which include public school remodeling, a restructuring of the Richmond City Kindergarten Program, school safety initiatives, the Sidney School Program for Pregnant Teens, and changes to the sex education curriculum.","Series 3: Publications, 1961-1972: Also included in the collection are various publications regarding the public schools of Virginia, as well as various political movements in Virginia. These publications are primarily composed of bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, informational booklets, and flyers. The bulk of the publications pertain to  the procedure of desegregation throughout Virginia. Material both promoting and deriding the efforts of desegregation from the time of its implementation is included. Additional publications concern  the effects of the Civil Rights movement in Virginia and the legal battles which it encompassed and their relation to Virginia public schools. ","Series 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993: Additionally, the collection contains material from Crockford's later career when she served on the steering committee for the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group. The bulk of the series consists of reports from various task forces enabled by Richmond Tomorrow. The task forces focused on topics that affected the city's entire population such as city finance, public and private education, and housing credit. The information from the task force reports is consolidated in the Richmond Tomorrow Citizens Report, which makes recommendations for city projects based upon the findings. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 283","/repositories/5/resources/420"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Crockford papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"creators_ssim":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The initial deposit was given to Special Collections and Archives by Mrs. Crockford in November 1990. A second deposit from Mrs. Crockford was made in July 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public schools -- Management.","School integration -- Virginia -- Richmond.","School integration -- Virginia.","School board members -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public schools -- Management.","School integration -- Virginia -- Richmond.","School integration -- Virginia.","School board members -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.95 Linear Feet 9, 5\" doc cases, 1, 2.5\" doc case"],"extent_tesim":["3.95 Linear Feet 9, 5\" doc cases, 1, 2.5\" doc case"],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series: Series 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975, Series 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, Series 3: Publication, 1961-1972, Series 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975, Series 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, Series 3: Publication, 1961-1972, Series 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Allen Crockford (1917-2001) served on the City of Richmond's School Board during the late 1960s and early 1970s. During her tenure on the board, the city schools were desegregated, and the sex education curriculum expanded. Born in Blacksburg, Virginia, in 1917, Crockford moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1947 with her husband, W. Hamilton Crockford III. In 1962, she was appointed to the Richmond City School Board. At the time, she was the only female member of the board and the second woman in the history of the organization. Crockford later served as the Chair of the board from 1968-1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile serving on the board, Crockford acted as a proponent for efficient and effective desegregation of the Richmond City Public Schools. She advocated for a logistical model of integration that did not require the temporary closing of schools, instead opting for busing to facilitate integration. As a result of her methods, which parents found radical, Richmond City Councilman Howard Carwile called for her removal in 1970, but the motion was defeated in a 7-1 vote.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, she was involved in the review process for an updated sex education curriculum within Richmond City Schools, which resulted in an expanded and improved program. She also led efforts to promote the National Congress of Parents and Teachers' position for expanded sex education throughout the state of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrockford remained on the school board until her term ended in 1972. In addition to serving on the school board, Crockford was president of the Virginia Parent Teacher Association, the League of Women Voters, and the Central Virginia Health System's Agency. She was also a member of the Virginia Health Planning Agency and the founder of the Volunteers and Juvenile Courts Project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989-1993, she served on the steering committee for Richmond Tomorrow, a community-based strategic planning group established by the Richmond City Council focused on creating a common vision for the city's development. During her time on the steering committee, she served the organization's goal of improving the community through the establishment and implementation of multiple task forces to examine city finances, education, and economic development. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe died on March 24, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia Allen Crockford (1917-2001) served on the City of Richmond's School Board during the late 1960s and early 1970s. During her tenure on the board, the city schools were desegregated, and the sex education curriculum expanded. Born in Blacksburg, Virginia, in 1917, Crockford moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1947 with her husband, W. Hamilton Crockford III. In 1962, she was appointed to the Richmond City School Board. At the time, she was the only female member of the board and the second woman in the history of the organization. Crockford later served as the Chair of the board from 1968-1972.","While serving on the board, Crockford acted as a proponent for efficient and effective desegregation of the Richmond City Public Schools. She advocated for a logistical model of integration that did not require the temporary closing of schools, instead opting for busing to facilitate integration. As a result of her methods, which parents found radical, Richmond City Councilman Howard Carwile called for her removal in 1970, but the motion was defeated in a 7-1 vote.","Additionally, she was involved in the review process for an updated sex education curriculum within Richmond City Schools, which resulted in an expanded and improved program. She also led efforts to promote the National Congress of Parents and Teachers' position for expanded sex education throughout the state of Virginia. ","Crockford remained on the school board until her term ended in 1972. In addition to serving on the school board, Crockford was president of the Virginia Parent Teacher Association, the League of Women Voters, and the Central Virginia Health System's Agency. She was also a member of the Virginia Health Planning Agency and the founder of the Volunteers and Juvenile Courts Project.  ","In 1989-1993, she served on the steering committee for Richmond Tomorrow, a community-based strategic planning group established by the Richmond City Council focused on creating a common vision for the city's development. During her time on the steering committee, she served the organization's goal of improving the community through the establishment and implementation of multiple task forces to examine city finances, education, and economic development. ","She died on March 24, 2001."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Crockford papers, 1955-1999, Collection # M 283, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Crockford papers, 1955-1999, Collection # M 283, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally processed in August 1990 and revised in July 1995, in 2019, the collection was rehoused for preservation purposes and reprocessed to facilitate better access. A previously unprocessed accession was identified and incorporated into the the collection. The finding aid was updated in accordance with DACS standards to reflect the changes and additions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Originally processed in August 1990 and revised in July 1995, in 2019, the collection was rehoused for preservation purposes and reprocessed to facilitate better access. A previously unprocessed accession was identified and incorporated into the the collection. The finding aid was updated in accordance with DACS standards to reflect the changes and additions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Crockford papers, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, is a collection of materials used by Virginia Crockford during her tenure on the City of Richmond School Board (1962-1972) and on the steering committee of the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group (1989-1993). The collection primarily consists of correspondence, meeting minutes, task force reports, and informational material regarding Richmond City Public Schools. A primary focus of the material is the desegregation of Richmond City Public Schools, highlighting public reaction and the school board's response and implementation of this policy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975: The Desegregation Files series of the collection focuses on the Richmond City School Board's involvement in and implementation of desegregation programs during and after the United States Civil Rights Movement. The series contains various subject files related to desegregation implementation including correspondence with parents of students, integrated busing, school reopenings, and regional consolidation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975: The bulk of the collection is comprised of files from the Richmond School Board regarding general issues that Crockford was involved in during her tenure. This material includes meeting minutes and agendas from Richmond City School Board meetings, correspondence, task force reports, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe meeting minutes and correspondence provide insight into the issues which the Richmond City School Board faced during Crockford's tenure. These issues include parental complaints, concerns over various logistical restructuring projects, and opposition to changes in sex education policy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe series' task force reports and subject files provide focused information on projects the school board was undertaking, which include public school remodeling, a restructuring of the Richmond City Kindergarten Program, school safety initiatives, the Sidney School Program for Pregnant Teens, and changes to the sex education curriculum.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Publications, 1961-1972: Also included in the collection are various publications regarding the public schools of Virginia, as well as various political movements in Virginia. These publications are primarily composed of bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, informational booklets, and flyers. The bulk of the publications pertain to  the procedure of desegregation throughout Virginia. Material both promoting and deriding the efforts of desegregation from the time of its implementation is included. Additional publications concern  the effects of the Civil Rights movement in Virginia and the legal battles which it encompassed and their relation to Virginia public schools. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993: Additionally, the collection contains material from Crockford's later career when she served on the steering committee for the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group. The bulk of the series consists of reports from various task forces enabled by Richmond Tomorrow. The task forces focused on topics that affected the city's entire population such as city finance, public and private education, and housing credit. The information from the task force reports is consolidated in the Richmond Tomorrow Citizens Report, which makes recommendations for city projects based upon the findings. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Crockford papers, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975, is a collection of materials used by Virginia Crockford during her tenure on the City of Richmond School Board (1962-1972) and on the steering committee of the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group (1989-1993). The collection primarily consists of correspondence, meeting minutes, task force reports, and informational material regarding Richmond City Public Schools. A primary focus of the material is the desegregation of Richmond City Public Schools, highlighting public reaction and the school board's response and implementation of this policy. ","Series 1: Desegregation Files, 1961-1975: The Desegregation Files series of the collection focuses on the Richmond City School Board's involvement in and implementation of desegregation programs during and after the United States Civil Rights Movement. The series contains various subject files related to desegregation implementation including correspondence with parents of students, integrated busing, school reopenings, and regional consolidation. ","Series 2: Richmond School Board Files, 1955-1999, bulk 1961-1975: The bulk of the collection is comprised of files from the Richmond School Board regarding general issues that Crockford was involved in during her tenure. This material includes meeting minutes and agendas from Richmond City School Board meetings, correspondence, task force reports, and subject files.","The meeting minutes and correspondence provide insight into the issues which the Richmond City School Board faced during Crockford's tenure. These issues include parental complaints, concerns over various logistical restructuring projects, and opposition to changes in sex education policy. ","The series' task force reports and subject files provide focused information on projects the school board was undertaking, which include public school remodeling, a restructuring of the Richmond City Kindergarten Program, school safety initiatives, the Sidney School Program for Pregnant Teens, and changes to the sex education curriculum.","Series 3: Publications, 1961-1972: Also included in the collection are various publications regarding the public schools of Virginia, as well as various political movements in Virginia. These publications are primarily composed of bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, informational booklets, and flyers. The bulk of the publications pertain to  the procedure of desegregation throughout Virginia. Material both promoting and deriding the efforts of desegregation from the time of its implementation is included. Additional publications concern  the effects of the Civil Rights movement in Virginia and the legal battles which it encompassed and their relation to Virginia public schools. ","Series 4: Richmond Tomorrow, 1989-1993: Additionally, the collection contains material from Crockford's later career when she served on the steering committee for the Richmond Tomorrow strategic planning group. The bulk of the series consists of reports from various task forces enabled by Richmond Tomorrow. The task forces focused on topics that affected the city's entire population such as city finance, public and private education, and housing credit. The information from the task force reports is consolidated in the Richmond Tomorrow Citizens Report, which makes recommendations for city projects based upon the findings. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"persname_ssim":["Crockford, Virginia Allen, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":83,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_420_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong","box 13","folder 9-11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong","title_ssm":["Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong"],"title_tesim":["Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chester Neighborhood Association Troop: Girl Scout Leader Notebook, donated by Dorothy Armstrong"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":194,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"containers_ssim":["box 13","folder 9-11"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"text":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n Subseries:\n 1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents  1.2 Reports 1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes 1.4 Financial 1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond 1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials 1.7 History 1.8 Administrator's Materials 1.9 Other Councils","\nSeries 2: Camps\n Subseries:\t\n 2.1 Camp Administration Materials 2.2 General Camp Materials 2.3 Camp Materials \nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\n Subseries:\n 4.1 Anniversary Materials  4.2 Regional Conferences  4.3 National Conferences and Conventions  4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials  \nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n Subseries:\n 6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums  6.2 Slides  6.3 Scrapbooks  6.4 Audio-Visual \n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n Subseries:\n 7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records  7.2 Uniforms and Textiles  \t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n 8.1 Artifacts 8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials ","\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself.  This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    ","Series 9: Printed Materials","\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c03_c08"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Chevrolet","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic"],"text":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic","Chevrolet","box 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chevrolet","title_ssm":["Chevrolet"],"title_tesim":["Chevrolet"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chevrolet"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#22","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_141.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hoffer, George E., collection of automobile catalogs","title_ssm":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"title_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 301","/repositories/5/resources/141"],"text":["M 301","/repositories/5/resources/141","George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Automobiles -- Catalogs.","Automobile industry and trade","Collection is open to research.","Collection is arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically therein. Series I is made up of domestic (American) automobile catalogs, Series II contains foreign automobile catalogs -- all of which are arranged chronologically. Series III is composed of issues of Consumer Reports, correspondence and miscellaneous material, including newspaper clippings.","George E. Hoffer is a professor of economics in VCU's School of Business. He has focused his research in the last 30 years on the automobile industry. He came to VCU in 1970. He received a B.S. from the University of Richmond, an M.S. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. Hoffer has authored or co-authored approximately 60 academic articles on the economics of the auto industry. He has also conducted research for the Federal Trade Commission, the Attorney General's Office of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles.","The collection contains domestic and foreign automobile catalogs from most of the major automobile manufacturing companies from the years 1960 through today. The collection also contains: issues of Consumer Reports magazine focusing on automobiles from 1987 through 2002; car buying guides, 1974-2002; gas mileage guides, 1997 - 2002; correspondence, mainly from car manufacturers; and newspaper clippings.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hoffer, George E.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 301","/repositories/5/resources/141"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"collection_title_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"collection_ssim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hoffer, George E.","Hoffer, George E."],"creator_ssim":["Hoffer, George E.","Hoffer, George E."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hoffer, George E.","Hoffer, George E."],"creators_ssim":["Hoffer, George E.","Hoffer, George E."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Automobiles -- Catalogs.","Automobile industry and trade"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Automobiles -- Catalogs.","Automobile industry and trade"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["40 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["40 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically therein. Series I is made up of domestic (American) automobile catalogs, Series II contains foreign automobile catalogs -- all of which are arranged chronologically. Series III is composed of issues of Consumer Reports, correspondence and miscellaneous material, including newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically therein. Series I is made up of domestic (American) automobile catalogs, Series II contains foreign automobile catalogs -- all of which are arranged chronologically. Series III is composed of issues of Consumer Reports, correspondence and miscellaneous material, including newspaper clippings."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge E. Hoffer is a professor of economics in VCU's School of Business. He has focused his research in the last 30 years on the automobile industry. He came to VCU in 1970. He received a B.S. from the University of Richmond, an M.S. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. Hoffer has authored or co-authored approximately 60 academic articles on the economics of the auto industry. He has also conducted research for the Federal Trade Commission, the Attorney General's Office of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George E. Hoffer is a professor of economics in VCU's School of Business. He has focused his research in the last 30 years on the automobile industry. He came to VCU in 1970. He received a B.S. from the University of Richmond, an M.S. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. Hoffer has authored or co-authored approximately 60 academic articles on the economics of the auto industry. He has also conducted research for the Federal Trade Commission, the Attorney General's Office of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs, Collection # M 301, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs, Collection # M 301, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains domestic and foreign automobile catalogs from most of the major automobile manufacturing companies from the years 1960 through today. The collection also contains: issues of Consumer Reports magazine focusing on automobiles from 1987 through 2002; car buying guides, 1974-2002; gas mileage guides, 1997 - 2002; correspondence, mainly from car manufacturers; and newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains domestic and foreign automobile catalogs from most of the major automobile manufacturing companies from the years 1960 through today. The collection also contains: issues of Consumer Reports magazine focusing on automobiles from 1987 through 2002; car buying guides, 1974-2002; gas mileage guides, 1997 - 2002; correspondence, mainly from car manufacturers; and newspaper clippings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hoffer, George E."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hoffer, George E.","Hoffer, George E."],"persname_ssim":["Hoffer, George E."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":391,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c23"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Childs, Rives","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07","vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Correspondence","Alphabetical"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Correspondence","Alphabetical"],"text":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Correspondence","Alphabetical","Childs, Rives","box 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Childs, Rives","title_ssm":["Childs, Rives"],"title_tesim":["Childs, Rives"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Childs, Rives"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":158,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"containers_ssim":["box 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#1/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_64","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_64.xml","title_filing_ssi":"MacDonald, Edgar E., papers","title_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"title_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64"],"text":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64","Edgar E. MacDonald papers","Scholars -- Virginia -- Richmond","Access to the Roger Hunt Carroll correspondence is restricted. For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff.","Series I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20","Edgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993.","The materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026 Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70.","There are no restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 142","/repositories/5/resources/64"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edgar E. MacDonald papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edgar E. 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For additional information contact the Special Collections and Archives staff."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--General personal papers (n.d., 1933-1976), Series II--Professional papers (n.d., 1933-1984), Series III--James Branch Cabell (n.d., 1977-1984), Series IV--Education of the Heart (n.d., 1654-1982), Series V--Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1874-1981), Series VI--Articles, lectures, speeches and reviews (n.d.), Series VII--correspondence (n.d., 1816-1986): Subseries A: chronological; Subseries B: Alphabetical; Subseries C: Research correspondence, Series VIII--Ellen Glasgow Society (n.d., 1880-1983), Series IX--Published materials (n.d., 1961-1985), Series X--Virginia State Library and Archives Board, Series XI--James Branch Cabell and Richmond-in-Virginia ( - 1993), Series XII--Oversize in oversize drawer 25 and box 20"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edgar Edgeworth MacDonald was born in Richmond on 5 March 1919, the son of John Edgar and Marie Edgeworth MacDonald. He attended the University of Virginia (1936-1938), Sorbonne, University of Paris (1947-1948), Richmond Professional Institute [VCU] (B.S.), University of Richmond (M.A.) and the University of Paris, D. de l'Universite. A professor of English at Randolph-Macon College from 1953 until his retirement in 1984, Dr. MacDonald served as Senior Cabell Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University until his death in 2011. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including a biography of James Branch Cabell published by the University of Mississippi Press in 1993."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Edgar E. MacDonald Papers, M 142, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Edgar E. MacDonald Papers, M 142, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026amp; Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection range from 1654 to 1990 and include correspondence, articles, reviews, drafts of published work, photographs and clippings. The bulk of the material can be found in the 1970- 1980 date range. There is extensive information on James Branch Cabell, Ellen Glasgow and the Edgeworth/Mordecai relationship. Activities of the Ellen Glasgow Society and the Virginia Writer's Club, to a lesser extent, are also documented. Clipping for \"Rain\" RTD 10/31/24 fragile note taken and clipping discarded. Photographs removed to University Photograph Collection. The video \"Richmond: Historic Sights \u0026 Haunts\" has been transferred to RG 70."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty","MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Writers Club","Ellen Glasgow Society","Randolph-Macon College -- Faculty"],"persname_ssim":["MacDonald, Edgar E.","Lazarus, Rachel Mordecai, 1788-1838","MacDonald, Edgar E. -- Archives","Edgeworth, Maria, 1768-1849","Cabell, James Branch, 1879-1958","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":266,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_64_c07_c02_c08"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_659#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lang Leback, Chloe","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_659#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_659#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_659.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/659","title_filing_ssi":"Lang, Chloe and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection","title_ssm":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"title_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962-2003","1974-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659"],"text":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659","Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection","Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs","The collection is open to research.","Letters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically.","Theresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.","Born August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.","In 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.","A noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002.","Theresa Pollak papers","\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n","List of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection: Accession 2003.2.1  Untitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2003.2.2 Capon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.1  Rehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.2 Puilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.3 Untitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.4 Untitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.5 Untitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.6 Fran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper M 581 Untitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper","Collection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"collection_ssim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creator_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creators_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Chloe Lang Leback and Tom Leback, 2025-04-22."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet One letter document box."],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet One letter document box."],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Letters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTheresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Theresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.","Born August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.","In 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.","A noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection, 1974-2003, Collection # M 581, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection, 1974-2003, Collection # M 581, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/265\"\u003eTheresa Pollak papers\u003c/a\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eList of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2003.2.1 \u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2003.2.2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCapon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.1 \u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePuilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eM 581\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Theresa Pollak papers","\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n","List of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection: Accession 2003.2.1  Untitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2003.2.2 Capon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.1  Rehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.2 Puilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.3 Untitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.4 Untitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.5 Untitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.6 Fran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper M 581 Untitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty"],"persname_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:03.818Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_659","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_659.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/659","title_filing_ssi":"Lang, Chloe and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection","title_ssm":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"title_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962-2003","1974-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659"],"text":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659","Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection","Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs","The collection is open to research.","Letters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically.","Theresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.","Born August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.","In 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.","A noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002.","Theresa Pollak papers","\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n","List of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection: Accession 2003.2.1  Untitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2003.2.2 Capon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.1  Rehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.2 Puilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.3 Untitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.4 Untitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.5 Untitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.6 Fran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper M 581 Untitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper","Collection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 581","/repositories/5/resources/659"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"collection_ssim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creator_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"creators_ssim":["Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Leback, Tom"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Chloe Lang Leback and Tom Leback, 2025-04-22."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Painters -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Artists -- Virginia -- Richmond","Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet One letter document box."],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet One letter document box."],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)","textile patches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Letters are arranged chronologically. Collection folders are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTheresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Theresa Pollak (1899-2002) was a Virginia artist and art educator who was instrumental in the founding of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of the Arts. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Pollak was a nationally recognized painter whose art works have been exhibited in institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C. More importantly, Pollak is credited with the introduction of modern art to Richmond.","Born August 13th, 1899, Pollak graduated from Westhampton College of the University of Richmond. In 1920 she was accepted at the Art Students League of New York, and with the support of Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher, who helped her get a tuition scholarship, she was able to continue her work at the League after graduating from Westhampton in 1921. During Pollak's stay in New York, one of her drawings was awarded the first prize at the Studio club of New York (1926). She continued her training with post-graduate work at the Fogg Museum of Harvard University, and later she studied at the Hans Hoffmann School of Painting in Provincetown, Massachusetts.","In 1928 Pollak became the first full time art teacher at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), at that time a division of William and Mary College. Two years later she also helped start an art program at Westhampton College. In 1935 she began teaching full time at RPI and devoted much of her other time to her own work. A year after RPI merged in 1968 with the Medical College of Virginia to become Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Pollak retired from the school. In 1971, the newly completed fine arts building on what is now the Monroe Park campus of VCU was named in her honor. Her forty-one year teaching career influenced generations of Virginia artists.","A noted Virginia artist with paintings in the permanent collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia, Mary Baldwin College, and in numerous private collections, Pollak's paintings are part of the Permanent Research Collection at Virginia Commonwealth University's Anderson Gallery. She died at the age of 103 on September 18th, 2002."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection, 1974-2003, Collection # M 581, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chloe Lang and Tom Leback Theresa Pollak collection, 1974-2003, Collection # M 581, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/265\"\u003eTheresa Pollak papers\u003c/a\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eList of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2003.2.1 \u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2003.2.2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCapon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.1 \u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePuilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAccession 2012.1.6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eM 581\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUntitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Theresa Pollak papers","\nChloe Lang and Tom Leback also donated artwork by Theresa Pollak, which is part of the VCU Libraries Anderson Gallery collection.\n","List of artwork by Theresa Pollak donated by Lang and Leback in the Anderson Gallery collection: Accession 2003.2.1  Untitled (Garden) (1979), pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2003.2.2 Capon Springs (1964) pastel drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.1  Rehearsal II (1962) pencil drawing on paper  Accession 2012.1.2 Puilly, Switzerland (1962) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.3 Untitled (Flowers) (1973) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.4 Untitled (Girl) (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.5 Untitled (Flute Player) (1969) pen and ink drawing on paper Accession 2012.1.6 Fran with Baby Linda at Christmas (1970) pen and ink drawing on paper M 581 Untitled (Chloe Lang) (undated) pastel drawing on paper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains personal correspondence from Theresa Pollak to Tom Leback and Chloe Lang Leback, photos, fabric patches, collected news clippings about Theresa Pollak, and two copies of the book European Drawings by Theresa Pollak. Collection also includes one drawing of Chloe Lang by Theresa Pollak."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Art -- Faculty","Lang Leback, Chloe","Leback, Tom","Pollak, Theresa, 1899-2002","Lang Leback, Chloe -- Correspondence","Leback, Tom -- Correspondence"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute -- Faculty","Virginia Commonwealth University. 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Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","Series 1: MCV/VCU"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","Series 1: MCV/VCU"],"text":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","Series 1: MCV/VCU","Christmas, Chapel Bulletin","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Christmas, Chapel Bulletin","title_ssm":["Christmas, Chapel Bulletin"],"title_tesim":["Christmas, Chapel Bulletin"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-1967, 1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christmas, Chapel Bulletin"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_302","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_302.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Prest, A. Patrick L., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016.11.69"],"text":["2016.11.69","A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers","The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."," The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n","The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.","The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2016.11.69"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"creators_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were donated by the Department of Patient Counseling in the School of Allied Health Professionals at Virginia Commonwealth University in November 2016."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"extent_tesim":["5.1 Linear Feet 10 doc cases, 1 print box"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research; however, some files with confidential information are restricted; please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for details. All student records located in series 1 and 6 are subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":[" The Rev. Dr. Alan Patrick Llewelyn Prest, Jr. was born in Detroit, Michigan and grew up in Massachusetts.  He earned a degree in business from Lehigh University in 1951 before receiving his Masters of Divinity from the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1954. Following his residency in clinical pastoral education at St. Luke's Hospital in Houston, Texas, Prest served a chaplain at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. ","After a short tenure at Bellevue, Prest came to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) where he succeeded the Rev. Dr. George D. Ossman who had served as the first chaplain and as a clinical pastoral educator beginning in 1943. The MCV administration tasked Prest with securing accreditation for the clinical pastoral education program which had been initiated in 1958. Under Prest's leadership the program received accreditation from the Council for Clinical Training (now the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education) one year later. During the pastoral education program's formative years, Prest served as administrator and hospital chaplain. He also established a cooperative program with the School of Theology at Virginia Union University (VUU) for which he was an adjunct instructor teaching courses in pastoral counseling and clinical orientation. ","The educational program with Prest at the helm remained administratively part of the MCV Hospital until the creation of Virginia Commonwealth University in 1968. The VCU Board of Visitors established a new school for the allied health programs at the former MCV and the program in pastoral counseling was a logical choice for this new administrative home. This move split the education program from the pastoral care service component and the latter remained based in the hospital as the department of pastoral care. Prest remained responsible for both units and coordinated both units as they trained counselors and provided pastoral care in the hospital. The Board of Visitors promoted Prest to full professor and acknowledged his administrative role by naming him chair of the Program in Patient Counseling. He continued in this role until his retirement in 1993.","In addition to his work at VCU, Prest devoted time to professional activities. In 1967 he organized the Virginia Institute for Pastoral Care, one of the oldest pastoral counseling centers in the United States. The Institute supported both the MCV and University of Virginia chaplaincy programs as they struggled to secure adequate funding to sustain their respective programs. Prest also helped to organize the Virginia Association for Allied Health Professionals and served as its first president. He was also active with the Virginia Board of Professional Counselors for a period of eleven years, including two terms as chair. ","Following Prest's retirement, the program in patient counseling continued to develop and it finally received departmental status within the School of Allied Health Professions in 2010. The Master of Science degree program was established in 2000 and a dual-degree arrangement with the School of Theology at VUU began. In 2007 the department enrolled its first students in pastoral counseling track of the School of Allied Health Professions' doctoral program in health related sciences. The department also initiated a distance learning program at New College in Abingdon and Memorial Hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia. Thanks to the generosity of the Lantz family the department established two endowed positions, the Rev. Robert B. Lantz Chair of the Department of Patient Counseling and the Katherine I. Lantz Professor of Patient Counseling. ","Sources: \n\"A Brief History of CPE at MCV\" (see box:folder 3:12) \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, History of Personnel (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/history-of-personnel/) \n \nVCU School of Allied Health Professions, Patient Counseling, Program History (http://sahp.vcu.edu/departments/ptc/about-us/program-history/)\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A. Patrick L. Prest, Jr. papers, Accession # 2016.11.69, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Department of Patient Counseling had someone organize the papers prior to the donation. Special Collections and Archives staff changed a few of the folder titles to more accurately reflect the contents of those folders, but the majority were retained as written. Additional information, such as dates, were added to existing folder titles when necessary. The files were rearranged from how the collection was originally received in order to facilitate better access and description of the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Prest papers are comprised mostly of materials pertaining to his work as a hospital chaplain and educator. There are some materials contained in the collection from the Department of Patient Counseling that date after Prest's retirement in 1993. These papers offer insight into how the Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) program was formed and administered as well as trends in the professionalization of clinical pastoral care. The collection is divided into six series. Materials of particular interest are detailed in the series descriptions.","Series 1 MCV/VCU, 1954-2014. This series includes papers, publications, reports, accreditation materials, correspondence, and memoranda related to the pastoral care program at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and later Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).","The accreditation materials for the Council for Clinical Training and the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education provide information on the early days of the program and includes examples of program activities, self-studies, and site reports required for the accreditation process. Since these materials span from 1957 to 2010 it also illustrates how the accreditation process has evolved.","Various reports in this series offer insight into how the program functioned as well as how it expanded and changed over time. The annual reports of the Chaplains' Department supply a summary of activities and statistics from the first decade of the program. A 1964 Old Dominion Foundation grant application demonstrates how the program was growinig and in need of funds to support its expanding mission and the 1975 mission and goals report and the 1987 Virginia Cluster report highlight trends and changes in pastoral education.","Additional materials of interest are a group of letters between 1968 and 1970 discussing whether the CPE program violated Article IV Section 67 of the Virginia Constitution regarding the separation of church and state. Also of interest are the chapel bulletins from the 1950s-1970s used for the four services held on Sundays at the hospital. In addition to detailing the order of service, the bulletins contain announcements about patient counseling services and a devotional or meditation usually written by one of the counselor-chaplains.","Other materials in the series include the hospital chaplain's log books summerizing interactions with patients and their families, hosptial chapel information, proposals for a master's degree in patient counseling, articles, clippings, and newsletters featuring the department and staff, photographs, and a scrapbook.","Series 2: Council for Clinical Training (CCT), 1953-1977. The series consists of materials such as correspondences, newsletters, reports, and conference programs and papers. The documents in this series provide some insight into the organization responsible for accrediting the CPE program and personnel at MCV when it was established. There is one folder of materials for the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) which is the current accrediting body. CCT merged with three other organizations in 1967 to form ACPE. Of interest in this series are the evaluations of Prest during his tenure at St. Luke's which were submitted to CCT for his accreditation with the organization.","Series 3: Writings, 1967-1986. This series is comprised of articles and manuscripts drafts written by Prest and others as well as presentation notes and text. Subjects explored include suicide, death and dying, and grief.","Series 4: Subject Files, 1941, 1955-1984. The series contains articles and materials concerning topics of interest to Prest.","Series 5: Educational Papers, 1952-1954. In this series are papers from his time as a student at Episcopal Theological Seminary and includes class assignments, lecture notes, and exams.","Series 6: Virginia Union University, 1968-1989. This series contains materials relating to his work as an adjunct professor including syllabi, course assignments, and some faculty materials such as meetings and minutes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling","Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Patient Counseling"],"persname_ssim":["Prest, A. Patrick L., Rev., Jr."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:11.313Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_302_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c24","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Chrysler","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c24","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c24"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01_c24","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","vircu_repositories_5_resources_141_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic"],"text":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Series I-Domestic","Chrysler","box 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chrysler","title_ssm":["Chrysler"],"title_tesim":["Chrysler"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chrysler"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":25,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#23","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_141","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_141.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hoffer, George E., collection of automobile catalogs","title_ssm":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"title_tesim":["George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 301","/repositories/5/resources/141"],"text":["M 301","/repositories/5/resources/141","George E. Hoffer collection of automobile catalogs","Automobiles -- Catalogs.","Automobile industry and trade","Collection is open to research.","Collection is arranged alphabetically by subject and chronologically therein. Series I is made up of domestic (American) automobile catalogs, Series II contains foreign automobile catalogs -- all of which are arranged chronologically. Series III is composed of issues of Consumer Reports, correspondence and miscellaneous material, including newspaper clippings.","George E. Hoffer is a professor of economics in VCU's School of Business. He has focused his research in the last 30 years on the automobile industry. He came to VCU in 1970. He received a B.S. from the University of Richmond, an M.S. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. Hoffer has authored or co-authored approximately 60 academic articles on the economics of the auto industry. He has also conducted research for the Federal Trade Commission, the Attorney General's Office of Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles.","The collection contains domestic and foreign automobile catalogs from most of the major automobile manufacturing companies from the years 1960 through today. The collection also contains: issues of Consumer Reports magazine focusing on automobiles from 1987 through 2002; car buying guides, 1974-2002; gas mileage guides, 1997 - 2002; correspondence, mainly from car manufacturers; and newspaper clippings.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Hoffer, George E.","English \n.    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