{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=16","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=18","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=29"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":17,"next_page":18,"prev_page":16,"total_pages":29,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":160,"total_count":284,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Member Rosters","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records","Member Rosters","English","box 04","folder 038"],"title_filing_ssi":"Member Rosters","title_ssm":["Member Rosters"],"title_tesim":["Member Rosters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Member Rosters"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":44,"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 04","folder 038"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e1c25f0-b2eb-4bbd-a254-8552d26c1615/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"text":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. ","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c05"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Members Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Series V: Member Records","Members Correspondence","English","box 04","folder 036"],"title_filing_ssi":"Members Correspondence","title_ssm":["Members Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Members Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Members Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":42,"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 04","folder 036"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"text":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. ","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c05_c03"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)","Series I:  Articles"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)","Series I:  Articles"],"text":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)","Series I:  Articles","\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)","box 1","folder 49"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)","title_ssm":["\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)"],"title_tesim":["\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1970-06"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Michael Nachtrieb\", Wooster Artist Painted Lincoln, Lee.\" Daily Record. (Wooster, OH.)"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":50,"date_range_isim":[1970],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 49"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#48","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_50.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/50","title_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"title_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1810-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1810-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS061"],"text":["MS061","Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)","Virginia -- Genealogy.","Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park","Series I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs","Eleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest.","The collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS061"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"collection_ssim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creator_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creators_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.83 Cubic Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.83 Cubic Feet 13 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection, MS061, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection, MS061, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"persname_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":326,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c01_c49"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Minutes","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)","Series IV: Meeting Minutes"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)","Series IV: Meeting Minutes"],"text":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)","Series IV: Meeting Minutes","Minutes","box 5","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Minutes","title_ssm":["Minutes"],"title_tesim":["Minutes"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Minutes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":62,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the opyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/1","title_ssm":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"title_tesim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1946-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1946-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS298"],"text":["MS298","Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)","Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Women civic leaders.","Beverly Hills Women's Club","The Beverly Hills Women's Club grew out of a small group of women who met regularly starting in 1944 to knit and sew for the Red Cross. The club consisted of women in their late 20's or early 30's, with young children, seeking to get together for recreation and friendship. While the informal club began at Florence Dempsey's on South Overlook Dr., the club became official in 1945, with a constitution and a slate of officers selected, with Mrs. Raymond (Florence) Pfeiffer as president, and 40 charter members. The meetings were bimonthly, no dues were collected, but an offering was taken up for expenses and the rest given to the Red Cross. Because of overwhelming popularity, membership was limited to 75, and a boundary set to Beverly Hills. In 1955, due to an interest in the garden section of the club, membership was extended to persons outside of Beverly Hills. The Garden section eventually split off in 1955, and became a sister club. However, interest was still so great, that by 1962, meetings needed to be held in public auditoriums (e.g. Westminster Presbyterian Church, the Pepco Building, the No. 3 Firehouse, the Woodward and Lothrop Building, and Trinity Methodist Church).  \n    The club served not only as an outlet, but as a civic organization. The club sponsored beautification projects, advocated for road safety, raised money for playgrounds, and began a Christmas decoration contest that attracted national attention. In addition to its civic work, the club sponsored programs and groups dedicated to special interests, such as: bridge, antiques, needlework, books, etc.","The collection consists of account books, yearbooks, organizational laws, correspondence, news clippings, history, scrapbooks, financial reports, meeting minutes, and photos. It has been organized into the following series: financial material, yearbooks, club communications, press, meeting minutes, and photographs.","Copyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the opyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Beverly Hills Women's Club","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS298"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection (MS298)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"creator_ssim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"creators_ssim":["Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the opyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women civic leaders.","Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women civic leaders.","Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.1 Cubic Feet 6 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.1 Cubic Feet 6 Boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["Items include photographs (color and b/w), newsprint, checkbooks, yearbooks, correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Hills Women's Club grew out of a small group of women who met regularly starting in 1944 to knit and sew for the Red Cross. The club consisted of women in their late 20's or early 30's, with young children, seeking to get together for recreation and friendship. While the informal club began at Florence Dempsey's on South Overlook Dr., the club became official in 1945, with a constitution and a slate of officers selected, with Mrs. Raymond (Florence) Pfeiffer as president, and 40 charter members. The meetings were bimonthly, no dues were collected, but an offering was taken up for expenses and the rest given to the Red Cross. Because of overwhelming popularity, membership was limited to 75, and a boundary set to Beverly Hills. In 1955, due to an interest in the garden section of the club, membership was extended to persons outside of Beverly Hills. The Garden section eventually split off in 1955, and became a sister club. However, interest was still so great, that by 1962, meetings needed to be held in public auditoriums (e.g. Westminster Presbyterian Church, the Pepco Building, the No. 3 Firehouse, the Woodward and Lothrop Building, and Trinity Methodist Church).  \n    The club served not only as an outlet, but as a civic organization. The club sponsored beautification projects, advocated for road safety, raised money for playgrounds, and began a Christmas decoration contest that attracted national attention. In addition to its civic work, the club sponsored programs and groups dedicated to special interests, such as: bridge, antiques, needlework, books, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Beverly Hills Women's Club grew out of a small group of women who met regularly starting in 1944 to knit and sew for the Red Cross. The club consisted of women in their late 20's or early 30's, with young children, seeking to get together for recreation and friendship. While the informal club began at Florence Dempsey's on South Overlook Dr., the club became official in 1945, with a constitution and a slate of officers selected, with Mrs. Raymond (Florence) Pfeiffer as president, and 40 charter members. The meetings were bimonthly, no dues were collected, but an offering was taken up for expenses and the rest given to the Red Cross. Because of overwhelming popularity, membership was limited to 75, and a boundary set to Beverly Hills. In 1955, due to an interest in the garden section of the club, membership was extended to persons outside of Beverly Hills. The Garden section eventually split off in 1955, and became a sister club. However, interest was still so great, that by 1962, meetings needed to be held in public auditoriums (e.g. Westminster Presbyterian Church, the Pepco Building, the No. 3 Firehouse, the Woodward and Lothrop Building, and Trinity Methodist Church).  \n    The club served not only as an outlet, but as a civic organization. The club sponsored beautification projects, advocated for road safety, raised money for playgrounds, and began a Christmas decoration contest that attracted national attention. In addition to its civic work, the club sponsored programs and groups dedicated to special interests, such as: bridge, antiques, needlework, books, etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection, MS298, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Beverly Hills Women's Club Collection, MS298, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of account books, yearbooks, organizational laws, correspondence, news clippings, history, scrapbooks, financial reports, meeting minutes, and photos. It has been organized into the following series: financial material, yearbooks, club communications, press, meeting minutes, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of account books, yearbooks, organizational laws, correspondence, news clippings, history, scrapbooks, financial reports, meeting minutes, and photos. It has been organized into the following series: financial material, yearbooks, club communications, press, meeting minutes, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the opyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the opyright has not been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Beverly Hills Women's Club"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":83,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_1_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Miscellaneous Articles","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous periodicals and articles which Delos Smith found useful. Included are titles such as the North American Review, Tobacco Hogsheads and Rolling Roads in Northern Virginia, The American Mercury, Ups and Downs (poems by Irene Flory), and the Tuileries Brochures.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)","Series III: Publications and Articles"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)","Series III: Publications and Articles"],"text":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)","Series III: Publications and Articles","Miscellaneous Articles","box 1","folder 6","This folder contains miscellaneous periodicals and articles which Delos Smith found useful.  Included are titles such as the North American Review, Tobacco Hogsheads and Rolling Roads in Northern Virginia, The American Mercury, Ups and Downs (poems by Irene Flory), and the Tuileries Brochures."],"title_filing_ssi":"Miscellaneous Articles","title_ssm":["Miscellaneous Articles"],"title_tesim":["Miscellaneous Articles"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Miscellaneous Articles"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":9,"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 6"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous periodicals and articles which Delos Smith found useful.  Included are titles such as the North American Review, Tobacco Hogsheads and Rolling Roads in Northern Virginia, The American Mercury, Ups and Downs (poems by Irene Flory), and the Tuileries Brochures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains miscellaneous periodicals and articles which Delos Smith found useful.  Included are titles such as the North American Review, Tobacco Hogsheads and Rolling Roads in Northern Virginia, The American Mercury, Ups and Downs (poems by Irene Flory), and the Tuileries Brochures."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:38.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_147.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/147","title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS307"],"text":["MS307","Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)","Delos H. Smith was born in Arizona in 1884.  He received his bachelor's and Master's degrees in Washington D.C. for architecture and throughout his career he focused on the disigning and building of churches including the New York Avenue Presbyterian Chruch and The Prayer Room in the United States Capitol.  He was a long-time member of the American Institute of Architects and served on the Civil Engineer Corps during World War II.  Smith combined his architectural skills with his love of history by being one of the charter members of the Historic Alexandria Foundation.  He also served on the Alexandria Board of Architectural Review, the Old Town Civic Association Survey Committee, and was a long-time member St. Paul Episcopal Church.  He was well known throughout the area for his knowledge of local Alexandria history and his involvement with its preservation.","This collection consists of some of Delos Smith's personal papers.  They range from notes on the local history of Alexandria to drawings and bills from the construction of his house at 735 S. Lee Street.  It also includes some tourist guides to Glasgow, Scotland and various articles he had collected in regard to religion and history.  There are also two boxes of mostly glass plate negatives of various churches and architecture.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS307"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"collection_ssim":["Delos H. Smith Collection (MS307)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDelos H. Smith was born in Arizona in 1884.  He received his bachelor's and Master's degrees in Washington D.C. for architecture and throughout his career he focused on the disigning and building of churches including the New York Avenue Presbyterian Chruch and The Prayer Room in the United States Capitol.  He was a long-time member of the American Institute of Architects and served on the Civil Engineer Corps during World War II.  Smith combined his architectural skills with his love of history by being one of the charter members of the Historic Alexandria Foundation.  He also served on the Alexandria Board of Architectural Review, the Old Town Civic Association Survey Committee, and was a long-time member St. Paul Episcopal Church.  He was well known throughout the area for his knowledge of local Alexandria history and his involvement with its preservation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Delos H. Smith was born in Arizona in 1884.  He received his bachelor's and Master's degrees in Washington D.C. for architecture and throughout his career he focused on the disigning and building of churches including the New York Avenue Presbyterian Chruch and The Prayer Room in the United States Capitol.  He was a long-time member of the American Institute of Architects and served on the Civil Engineer Corps during World War II.  Smith combined his architectural skills with his love of history by being one of the charter members of the Historic Alexandria Foundation.  He also served on the Alexandria Board of Architectural Review, the Old Town Civic Association Survey Committee, and was a long-time member St. Paul Episcopal Church.  He was well known throughout the area for his knowledge of local Alexandria history and his involvement with its preservation."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Delos H. Smith Collection, MS307, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Delos H. Smith Collection, MS307, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of some of Delos Smith's personal papers.  They range from notes on the local history of Alexandria to drawings and bills from the construction of his house at 735 S. Lee Street.  It also includes some tourist guides to Glasgow, Scotland and various articles he had collected in regard to religion and history.  There are also two boxes of mostly glass plate negatives of various churches and architecture.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of some of Delos Smith's personal papers.  They range from notes on the local history of Alexandria to drawings and bills from the construction of his house at 735 S. Lee Street.  It also includes some tourist guides to Glasgow, Scotland and various articles he had collected in regard to religion and history.  There are also two boxes of mostly glass plate negatives of various churches and architecture."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Delos H. (Delos Hamilton)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:38.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_147_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous newspaper clippings curated by Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)","Series I: Mike McKenney Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)","Series I: Mike McKenney Papers"],"text":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)","Series I: Mike McKenney Papers","Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings","English .","box 1","folder 13","This folder contains miscellaneous newspaper clippings curated by Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney."],"title_filing_ssi":"Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings","title_ssm":["Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Miscellaneous Newspaper Clippings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":14,"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 13"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous newspaper clippings curated by Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains miscellaneous newspaper clippings curated by Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_162.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/162","title_ssm":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"title_tesim":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"unitdate_ssm":["2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS413"],"text":["MS413","McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)","Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Fires -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Railroad trains.","Fire engines.","Fire departments -- Officials and employees.","Fire fighting equipment industry","Fire stations.","Train stations","Photographs.","Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney was a long time member of the Alexandria Volunteer Fire Department, starting in 1940.  Later in his career, he worked as the historian for the AFD and wrote  A History of the Relief Truck and Engine Company No. 1 of the Alexandria Fire Department (1788-1958) . In 1956, Mike moved in with close friend Thomas Mills, Jr. and his family. He retired in 1972 from the Dulles International Airport Fire Department, and lived out his days with the Mills family in Colonial Beach where he was a charter member of the Colonial Yacht Club.","Thomas Mills III was a firefighter with the Alexandria Fire Department.  Both he and his father had a penchant for grabbing their camera while headed to a fire, in order to capture the efforts of the fire companies.  Tom also loved fire trucks and engines and documented that love with research and photographs, while both Mills and McKenney collected photos that documented the history of the AFD.","This collection contains research materials, ephemora, and photographs collected by or created by Mike McKenney, Thomas Mills Jr., and Thomas Mills III, that document the Alexandria Fire Department.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966","Ogden, Kenneth W. (Kenneth William), 1884-1925","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS413"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"collection_title_tesim":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"collection_ssim":["McKenney-Mills Collection (MS413)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966"],"creator_ssim":["McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966"],"creators_ssim":["McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Fires -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Railroad trains.","Fire engines.","Fire departments -- Officials and employees.","Fire fighting equipment industry","Fire stations.","Train stations","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Fires -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Railroad trains.","Fire engines.","Fire departments -- Officials and employees.","Fire fighting equipment industry","Fire stations.","Train stations","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[2000],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAshton \"Mike\" McKenney was a long time member of the Alexandria Volunteer Fire Department, starting in 1940.  Later in his career, he worked as the historian for the AFD and wrote \u003ci\u003eA History of the Relief Truck and Engine Company No. 1 of the Alexandria Fire Department (1788-1958)\u003c/i\u003e. In 1956, Mike moved in with close friend Thomas Mills, Jr. and his family. He retired in 1972 from the Dulles International Airport Fire Department, and lived out his days with the Mills family in Colonial Beach where he was a charter member of the Colonial Yacht Club.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Mills III was a firefighter with the Alexandria Fire Department.  Both he and his father had a penchant for grabbing their camera while headed to a fire, in order to capture the efforts of the fire companies.  Tom also loved fire trucks and engines and documented that love with research and photographs, while both Mills and McKenney collected photos that documented the history of the AFD.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ashton \"Mike\" McKenney was a long time member of the Alexandria Volunteer Fire Department, starting in 1940.  Later in his career, he worked as the historian for the AFD and wrote  A History of the Relief Truck and Engine Company No. 1 of the Alexandria Fire Department (1788-1958) . In 1956, Mike moved in with close friend Thomas Mills, Jr. and his family. He retired in 1972 from the Dulles International Airport Fire Department, and lived out his days with the Mills family in Colonial Beach where he was a charter member of the Colonial Yacht Club.","Thomas Mills III was a firefighter with the Alexandria Fire Department.  Both he and his father had a penchant for grabbing their camera while headed to a fire, in order to capture the efforts of the fire companies.  Tom also loved fire trucks and engines and documented that love with research and photographs, while both Mills and McKenney collected photos that documented the history of the AFD."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], McKenney-Mills Collection, MS413, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], McKenney-Mills Collection, MS413, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains research materials, ephemora, and photographs collected by or created by Mike McKenney, Thomas Mills Jr., and Thomas Mills III, that document the Alexandria Fire Department.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains research materials, ephemora, and photographs collected by or created by Mike McKenney, Thomas Mills Jr., and Thomas Mills III, that document the Alexandria Fire Department."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966","Ogden, Kenneth W. (Kenneth William), 1884-1925"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["McKenney, Ashton N. (Mike), 1921-2005","Mills, Thomas E., III (Thomas Edward), 1935-","Mills, Thomas E., Jr. (Thomas Edward), 1912-1999","Moore, C. Bennett (Charles Bennett), 1904-1966","Ogden, Kenneth W. (Kenneth William), 1884-1925"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":158,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_162_c01_c13"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide to Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970). The collection also holds several boxes of photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_78.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/78","title_ssm":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"title_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS156"],"text":["MS156","Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Photographs.","Box 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026 Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026 Rehabilitation\"","Box 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items","Box 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria","Series IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family","Series V\nPhotographs","Mollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her.","This collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS156"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"collection_ssim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creator_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creators_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026amp; Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026amp; Rehabilitation\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V\nPhotographs\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Box 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026 Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026 Rehabilitation\"","Box 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items","Box 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria","Series IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family","Series V\nPhotographs"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMollie Somerville Collection, MS156, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection, MS156, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:32.689Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_78.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/78","title_ssm":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"title_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS156"],"text":["MS156","Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Photographs.","Box 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026 Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026 Rehabilitation\"","Box 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items","Box 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria","Series IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family","Series V\nPhotographs","Mollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her.","This collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS156"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"collection_ssim":["Mollie Somerville Collection (MS156)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creator_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"creators_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026amp; Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026amp; Rehabilitation\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V\nPhotographs\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Box 1, Series I\n1 Index\n2 Alexandria History\n3 Ghost's and Legends\n4 Friendship Fire House\n5 Gunston Hall\n6 Gadsby's Tavern\n7 Christ Church\n8 Old Meeting House\n9 Apothecary Shop\n10 Pohick Church\n11 George Washington Masonic Memorial\n12 Arlington Mansion\n13 Ramsey House\n14 Flounder Houses\n15 Captain's Row\n16 Mount Vernon\n17 Woodlawn\n18 Strolling (various Alexandria establishments)\n19 Cameron Street (Fairfax \u0026 Lee Houses)\n20 Mr. Dudley of Newell-Cole\n21 Carlyle House\nSeries II\n22 Chapter I \"Introduction\"                                                                                                                                           \n23 Chapter II \"Plantation Neighbors\"\n24 Chapter III \"Birth of a Town\"\n25 Chapter IV \"Life in Early Alexandria\"\n26 Chapter V \"The American Revolutionary\nWar\"\n27 Chapter VI \"After the Revolution\"\n28 Chapter VII \"Alexandria in the District of\nColumbia\"\n29 Chapter VIII \"The Civil War (The War Between the States\"\n30 Chapter IX \"Reconstruction \u0026 Rehabilitation\"","Box 2, Series II\n1 Sources Code\n2 Notes on Years 1608-1694\n3 Notes on years 1707-1799\n4 Notes on years 1800-1932\n5 Miscellaneous items","Box 2, Series III\n6 Outline for Washington Walked Here\n7 Finished version of A Guide to Alexandria","Series IV\n8 Letters to and from Ms. Cornella Rose regarding the George Mason family","Series V\nPhotographs"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mollie Somerville was born in New York City in 1907. A graduate from Cornell and Columbia universities, she moved to Northern Virginia in 1936. Mrs. Somerville became the secretary to Mrs. Roosevelt during the first term of the Roosevelt presidency. She took dictation, typed letters, and did historical research for the first lady. Mrs. Somerville also became the historical researcher for the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. In 1966 she published A Guide to Alexandria: Washington's Home Town. Since then she has written numerous articles and books, the most recent being the recently published Eleanor Roosevelt as I Knew Her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMollie Somerville Collection, MS156, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mollie Somerville Collection, MS156, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the manuscripts and source notes for A Guide\nto Alexandria: Alexandria, Virginia, George Washington's Home Town (1966) and Washington Walked Here (1970).  The collection also holds several boxes of photographs."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Somerville, Mollie, 1907-2009"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:32.689Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_78"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_31.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/31","title_ssm":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"title_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1982 "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1982 "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS065"],"text":["MS065","Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848","Xerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65.","Letters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs.","Montgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.","In 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.","Corse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.","He returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.","Corse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). ","The bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS065"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"collection_ssim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creator_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creators_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.86 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.86 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eXerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Xerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Letters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMontgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.","In 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.","Corse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.","He returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.","Corse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMontgomery Dent Corse Papers, MS065, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers, MS065, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"persname_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:38.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_31.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/31","title_ssm":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"title_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1982 "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1982 "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS065"],"text":["MS065","Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848","Xerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65.","Letters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs.","Montgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.","In 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.","Corse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.","He returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.","Corse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). ","The bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS065"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"collection_ssim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers (MS065)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creator_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"creators_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873."],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 17th","Mexican War -- 1846-1848"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.86 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.86 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eXerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Xerox copies of the letters are located with the originals in Box 65."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Letters, certificates, and additional papers of Montgomery Dent Corse are filed chronologically and by related topics, the Mexican War and the Civil War. Midshipman William Peter's papers are organized chronologically within folder #14, followed by the xerox copies of related photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMontgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse (1816-1895) was born at Alexandria, Virginia on March 14, 1816, the eldest son of John and Julia Corse. He attended Major Bradley Lowe's military school and Benjamin Hallowell's school on Washington Street. As a young boy he witnessed Lafayette's 1825 visit to Alexandria and participated in the inauguration of President Jackson in 1829.","In 1846, Corse mustered a company of volunteers for service in Mexico, serving as their captain. He sailed for California in 1849 and participated in gold mining. Although he made a short visit to Alexandria in 1855, he did not permanently return until December 1856. Thereafter, he was employed in the banking business of his brothers.","Corse served as 1st lieutenant of the Alexandria Home Guard in 1859 and was elected captain of the Old Dominion Rifles on January 7, 1861. He eventually was commissioned as colonel of the 17th Virginia Regiment, taking part in the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was wounded at Second Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam. Promoted brigadier general after Antietam, Corse's brigade was on detached service in the Blackwater River area southeast of Petersburg. After attempting to retake New Bern, NC, the brigade returned to Howlett's Line, between Petersburg and Richmond, where he was wounded for the fourth time. At the battle of Saylor's Creek, Corse was captured and held prisoner-of-war at Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts until July 24, 1865.","He returned to Alexandria and went into a trading business with his brother. He was a charter member of the R.E. Lee Camp, United Confederate Veterans, and on May 24, 1880 was a distinguished guest along with Governor Fitzhugh Lee and General Joseph E. Johnson, at the dedication of the Confederate monument at Washington and Prince Streets. He died on February 11, 1895.","Corse married Elizabeth Beverley (1825-1894) on November 22, 1862. They had four children: Virginia Beverley Corse (1863 or 1864-1919), Montgomery Beverley Corse (1866-1931), William Beverley Corse (1867-1911), and Elizabeth Beverley Corse (1871-1933). "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMontgomery Dent Corse Papers, MS065, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Montgomery Dent Corse Papers, MS065, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection is related to Montgomery D. Corse's military career, including muster rolls, commission and discharge certificates, and 63 letters written by Corse to his wife, Elizabeth Beverley Corse, during his participation in the Civil War. In addition, the papers of Midshipman William H. Peters and a few letters written by Mrs. Corse are included."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"persname_ssim":["Corse, Montgomery Dent, 1816-1895","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1873.","Corse, Elizabeth (Beverley), 1823-1894"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:38.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_31"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"text":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)","Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi","box 1","folder 21"],"title_filing_ssi":"Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi","title_ssm":["Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi"],"title_tesim":["Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970 - 1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mount Vernon HS - Em Vee Hi"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":21,"date_range_isim":[1970,1971],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#20","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_102.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/102","title_ssm":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"title_tesim":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1931-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS246"],"text":["MS246","Marguerite More Collection (MS246)","Groverton Elementary School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Lee-Jackson High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Mount Vernon High School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Yearbooks.","Chronological arrangement of series related to schools, publications, and other subjects.","Marguerite More was a Fairfax County/Alexandria, Virginia woman who saved papers and clippings related to her schools and activities dating from the 1930s. From fall 1937 to spring 1939 Marguerite More attended Lee-Jackson High School, then the school was closed and its students were transferred to the newly constructed Mount Vernon High School. Lee-Jackson became an elementary school for the increasing number of\nstudents at this time. Marguerite More attended Mount Vernon High from the Fall of 1939 until she graduated in the Spring of 1941.","This collection contains school papers, clippings, and memorabilia beginning with the Leonardo Grade and Grammar School (location unknown) and the Groveton Elementary School of Fairfax County, Virginia.\nOther series include a publication called the \"Virginia 4-H Club Letter\" and newspapers of Lee-Jackson High School and Mount Vernon High School from 1937-1971. There is a 1938 Lee-Jackson yearbook as well as miscellaneous materials ranging from school cheers and football tickets to school plays. Also in this collection are pre-World War II newspaper clippings relating to the schools and everyday life including such topics as: accidents, deaths and marriages. Travel flyers relating to Alexandria, Mount Vernon, Carlyle House, and the Natural Bridge have been transferred to other collections.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS246"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"collection_ssim":["Marguerite More Collection (MS246)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"creator_ssim":["More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"creators_ssim":["More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Robert Knepper of Lakewood, California, 1991-1992"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Groverton Elementary School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Lee-Jackson High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Mount Vernon High School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Yearbooks."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Groverton Elementary School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Lee-Jackson High School (Alexandria, Va.)","Mount Vernon High School (Fairfax County, Va.)","Yearbooks."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".42 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":[".42 Linear Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological arrangement of series related to schools, publications, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological arrangement of series related to schools, publications, and other subjects."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarguerite More was a Fairfax County/Alexandria, Virginia woman who saved papers and clippings related to her schools and activities dating from the 1930s. From fall 1937 to spring 1939 Marguerite More attended Lee-Jackson High School, then the school was closed and its students were transferred to the newly constructed Mount Vernon High School. Lee-Jackson became an elementary school for the increasing number of\nstudents at this time. Marguerite More attended Mount Vernon High from the Fall of 1939 until she graduated in the Spring of 1941.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Marguerite More was a Fairfax County/Alexandria, Virginia woman who saved papers and clippings related to her schools and activities dating from the 1930s. From fall 1937 to spring 1939 Marguerite More attended Lee-Jackson High School, then the school was closed and its students were transferred to the newly constructed Mount Vernon High School. Lee-Jackson became an elementary school for the increasing number of\nstudents at this time. Marguerite More attended Mount Vernon High from the Fall of 1939 until she graduated in the Spring of 1941."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Marguerite More Collection, MS246, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Marguerite More Collection, MS246, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains school papers, clippings, and memorabilia beginning with the Leonardo Grade and Grammar School (location unknown) and the Groveton Elementary School of Fairfax County, Virginia.\nOther series include a publication called the \"Virginia 4-H Club Letter\" and newspapers of Lee-Jackson High School and Mount Vernon High School from 1937-1971. There is a 1938 Lee-Jackson yearbook as well as miscellaneous materials ranging from school cheers and football tickets to school plays. Also in this collection are pre-World War II newspaper clippings relating to the schools and everyday life including such topics as: accidents, deaths and marriages. Travel flyers relating to Alexandria, Mount Vernon, Carlyle House, and the Natural Bridge have been transferred to other collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains school papers, clippings, and memorabilia beginning with the Leonardo Grade and Grammar School (location unknown) and the Groveton Elementary School of Fairfax County, Virginia.\nOther series include a publication called the \"Virginia 4-H Club Letter\" and newspapers of Lee-Jackson High School and Mount Vernon High School from 1937-1971. There is a 1938 Lee-Jackson yearbook as well as miscellaneous materials ranging from school cheers and football tickets to school plays. Also in this collection are pre-World War II newspaper clippings relating to the schools and everyday life including such topics as: accidents, deaths and marriages. Travel flyers relating to Alexandria, Mount Vernon, Carlyle House, and the Natural Bridge have been transferred to other collections."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["More, Marguerite Ellen, 1925-1990"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_102_c21"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)","Series IV: Blueprints","Sub-Series II: Right of Way and Track Map, Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)","Series IV: Blueprints","Sub-Series II: Right of Way and Track Map, Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad"],"text":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)","Series IV: Blueprints","Sub-Series II: Right of Way and Track Map, Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)","English .","Oversize Box 11","object 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)","title_ssm":["Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)"],"title_tesim":["Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nabisco District (Prince William County); Occoquan District (Prince William County); Springfield District (Fairfax County)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":332,"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 11","object 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:32.689Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_133.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/133","title_ssm":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"title_tesim":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS050"],"text":["MS050","Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)","Potomac Yard (Va.)","Blueprints.","Railroad trains.","rail yards","Railroad yards -- Virginia","Railroads -- Virginia","The Potomac Yard Collection consists of three series: Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) files, notebooks which were kept by railyard staff, and blueprints of various sections of the rail yard and rail lines.  There are 12 boxes in the total collection: 8 boxes on Authorization for Expenditure Records, 1 box consisting of notebooks, and 3 oversize boxes that contain blueprints. AFE files are arranged numerically according to the Authorization For Expenditure number. This mostly coincides with the dates of the commissioned projects, purchases, or sales ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s and their approval. Blueprints are mostly from the 1960s and are in 3 subseries which includes plans for projects throughout Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia.","Potomac Yard was one of the busiest rail yards on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Today, it refers to the neighborhood encompassing the same area, located southeast of Arlington County, just north of Old Town Alexandria. It is bordered by U.S. Route 1 to the west, George Washington Memorial Parkway to the east, Four Mile Run to the north, and Braddock Road on the south.","Railroad development between Alexandria and Washington began in the 1850s with the first being the Alexandria and Washington Railroad which began service in 1857.  Hoping to compete with Balitmore for trade with the west, construction of the Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad began in 1855, with the first trains running between Alexandria and Leesburg by 1860.  Both rail lines crossed into the area that would become Potomac Yard.","During the Civil War, Alexandria remained under Union control.  Railroads to and from Alexandria served as a major depot for shipment of supplies and troops to the front, as well as a hospital and convalescent center for those injured. The U.S. Military Railroad Complex, a secure and stockaded 12-block area enclosing the facilities of the Orange and Alexandria was constructed.  During the war, rail lines were connected to the North, crossing the Long Bridge to the Balitmore and Ohio Railroad.","In postwar years, the Washington, D.C. became a major point of transfer of freight between northern and southern rail networks. At the turn of the 20th century, rail traffic was significantly heavy going through Alexandria creating a bottleneck, and Washington sought to beautify the city by moving the railroads out of the central city. The solution to these issues came when the six competing rail lines banded together to construct a rail yard to facilitate the movement of freight between northern and southern rail lines. Potomac Yard, known as the \"Gateway Between the North and the South\" became the largest railroad yard for freight car interchange on the east coast. When Potomac Yard opened on August 1, 1906, it had 52 miles of track that could handle 3,127 cars. The yard grew to a maximum of 136 miles of track crammed into a 2 ½ to 3 mile stretch of land. At its peak, it services 103 trains daily before being decommissioned in 1987.","Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria Library","Records, correspondences, authorizations for expenditure (AFEs), notebooks, ephemera, and blueprints, all documenting the Potomac Yard rail yard in Alexandria, Virginia.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Potomac Yard (1906-1989)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS050"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"collection_ssim":["Potomac Yard Collection (MS050)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Potomac Yard (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Potomac Yard (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"creator_ssim":["Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"creators_ssim":["Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"places_ssim":["Potomac Yard (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Blueprints.","Railroad trains.","rail yards","Railroad yards -- Virginia","Railroads -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Blueprints.","Railroad trains.","rail yards","Railroad yards -- Virginia","Railroads -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".85 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".85 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Potomac Yard Collection consists of three series: Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) files, notebooks which were kept by railyard staff, and blueprints of various sections of the rail yard and rail lines.  There are 12 boxes in the total collection: 8 boxes on Authorization for Expenditure Records, 1 box consisting of notebooks, and 3 oversize boxes that contain blueprints. AFE files are arranged numerically according to the Authorization For Expenditure number. This mostly coincides with the dates of the commissioned projects, purchases, or sales ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s and their approval. Blueprints are mostly from the 1960s and are in 3 subseries which includes plans for projects throughout Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Potomac Yard Collection consists of three series: Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) files, notebooks which were kept by railyard staff, and blueprints of various sections of the rail yard and rail lines.  There are 12 boxes in the total collection: 8 boxes on Authorization for Expenditure Records, 1 box consisting of notebooks, and 3 oversize boxes that contain blueprints. AFE files are arranged numerically according to the Authorization For Expenditure number. This mostly coincides with the dates of the commissioned projects, purchases, or sales ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s and their approval. Blueprints are mostly from the 1960s and are in 3 subseries which includes plans for projects throughout Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePotomac Yard was one of the busiest rail yards on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Today, it refers to the neighborhood encompassing the same area, located southeast of Arlington County, just north of Old Town Alexandria. It is bordered by U.S. Route 1 to the west, George Washington Memorial Parkway to the east, Four Mile Run to the north, and Braddock Road on the south.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRailroad development between Alexandria and Washington began in the 1850s with the first being the Alexandria and Washington Railroad which began service in 1857.  Hoping to compete with Balitmore for trade with the west, construction of the Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad began in 1855, with the first trains running between Alexandria and Leesburg by 1860.  Both rail lines crossed into the area that would become Potomac Yard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, Alexandria remained under Union control.  Railroads to and from Alexandria served as a major depot for shipment of supplies and troops to the front, as well as a hospital and convalescent center for those injured. The U.S. Military Railroad Complex, a secure and stockaded 12-block area enclosing the facilities of the Orange and Alexandria was constructed.  During the war, rail lines were connected to the North, crossing the Long Bridge to the Balitmore and Ohio Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn postwar years, the Washington, D.C. became a major point of transfer of freight between northern and southern rail networks. At the turn of the 20th century, rail traffic was significantly heavy going through Alexandria creating a bottleneck, and Washington sought to beautify the city by moving the railroads out of the central city. The solution to these issues came when the six competing rail lines banded together to construct a rail yard to facilitate the movement of freight between northern and southern rail lines. Potomac Yard, known as the \"Gateway Between the North and the South\" became the largest railroad yard for freight car interchange on the east coast. When Potomac Yard opened on August 1, 1906, it had 52 miles of track that could handle 3,127 cars. The yard grew to a maximum of 136 miles of track crammed into a 2 ½ to 3 mile stretch of land. At its peak, it services 103 trains daily before being decommissioned in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Potomac Yard was one of the busiest rail yards on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Today, it refers to the neighborhood encompassing the same area, located southeast of Arlington County, just north of Old Town Alexandria. It is bordered by U.S. Route 1 to the west, George Washington Memorial Parkway to the east, Four Mile Run to the north, and Braddock Road on the south.","Railroad development between Alexandria and Washington began in the 1850s with the first being the Alexandria and Washington Railroad which began service in 1857.  Hoping to compete with Balitmore for trade with the west, construction of the Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad began in 1855, with the first trains running between Alexandria and Leesburg by 1860.  Both rail lines crossed into the area that would become Potomac Yard.","During the Civil War, Alexandria remained under Union control.  Railroads to and from Alexandria served as a major depot for shipment of supplies and troops to the front, as well as a hospital and convalescent center for those injured. The U.S. Military Railroad Complex, a secure and stockaded 12-block area enclosing the facilities of the Orange and Alexandria was constructed.  During the war, rail lines were connected to the North, crossing the Long Bridge to the Balitmore and Ohio Railroad.","In postwar years, the Washington, D.C. became a major point of transfer of freight between northern and southern rail networks. At the turn of the 20th century, rail traffic was significantly heavy going through Alexandria creating a bottleneck, and Washington sought to beautify the city by moving the railroads out of the central city. The solution to these issues came when the six competing rail lines banded together to construct a rail yard to facilitate the movement of freight between northern and southern rail lines. Potomac Yard, known as the \"Gateway Between the North and the South\" became the largest railroad yard for freight car interchange on the east coast. When Potomac Yard opened on August 1, 1906, it had 52 miles of track that could handle 3,127 cars. The yard grew to a maximum of 136 miles of track crammed into a 2 ½ to 3 mile stretch of land. At its peak, it services 103 trains daily before being decommissioned in 1987."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLocal History/Special Collections, Alexandria Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria Library"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Potomac Yards Collection, MS050, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Potomac Yards Collection, MS050, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, correspondences, authorizations for expenditure (AFEs), notebooks, ephemera, and blueprints, all documenting the Potomac Yard rail yard in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, correspondences, authorizations for expenditure (AFEs), notebooks, ephemera, and blueprints, all documenting the Potomac Yard rail yard in Alexandria, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Potomac Yard (1906-1989)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":366,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:32.689Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_133_c04_c02_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":284},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"ALIVE (ALexandrians InVolved Ecumenically) Records (MS300)","value":"ALIVE (ALexandrians InVolved Ecumenically) Records (MS300)","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=ALIVE+%28ALexandrians+InVolved+Ecumenically%29+Records+%28MS300%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Antique Arts Association Collection (MS134)","value":"Alexandria Antique Arts Association Collection (MS134)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Antique+Arts+Association+Collection+%28MS134%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Bicentennial Commission (MS085)","value":"Alexandria Bicentennial Commission (MS085)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Bicentennial+Commission+%28MS085%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Black Family Reunion Digital Collection","value":"Alexandria Black Family Reunion Digital Collection","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Black+Family+Reunion+Digital+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria City Council Meeting Records (MS213)","value":"Alexandria City Council Meeting Records (MS213)","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+City+Council+Meeting+Records+%28MS213%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Gazette I (MS331)","value":"Alexandria Gazette I (MS331)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Gazette+I+%28MS331%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria History Collection (MS240)","value":"Alexandria History Collection (MS240)","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+History+Collection+%28MS240%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)","value":"Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Board+Records+%28MS416%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","value":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","hits":21},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Company+Records+%28MS002%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","value":"Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Records+%28MS098%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria National Bank Collection (MS193)","value":"Alexandria National Bank Collection (MS193)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+National+Bank+Collection+%28MS193%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1750","value":"1750","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1750\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1751","value":"1751","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1751\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1752","value":"1752","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1752\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1753","value":"1753","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1753\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1754","value":"1754","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1754\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1755","value":"1755","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1755\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1756","value":"1756","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1756\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1757","value":"1757","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1757\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1758","value":"1758","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1758\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1759","value":"1759","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1759\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1760","value":"1760","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1760\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","value":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adam%2C+William+R.+%28William+Robert%29%2C+1918-1992\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+%281749-%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Clerk\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Council","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Council","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Council\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Housing+and+Community+Development\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Planning+and+Urban+Renewal\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Office+of+City+Engineer\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","value":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+%28Alexandria%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.). Board","value":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.). Board","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+%28Alexandria%2C+Va.%29.+Board\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","value":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Association+%281897-1937%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Company","value":"Alexandria Library Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Company\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","value":"Adam, William R. (William Robert), 1918-1992","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Adam%2C+William+R.+%28William+Robert%29%2C+1918-1992\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+%281749-%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Clerk\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Council","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Council","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Council\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Housing+and+Community+Development\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Planning+and+Urban+Renewal\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Office+of+City+Engineer\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Canal Company","value":"Alexandria Canal Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Canal+Company\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","value":"Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Hospital+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","value":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+%28Alexandria%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.). Board","value":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.). Board","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+%28Alexandria%2C+Va.%29.+Board\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","value":"African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=African+American+neighborhoods+--+Virginia+--+Alexandria.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.)","value":"Alexandria (Va.)","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Buildings%2C+structures%2C+etc.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Genealogy.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- History","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- History","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Maps","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Maps\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Newspapers","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Newspapers\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Social+life+and+customs\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century.","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Social+life+and+customs+--+19th+century.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Associations, institutions, etc","value":"Associations, institutions, etc","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Associations%2C+institutions%2C+etc\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Adam, William Robert","value":"Adam, William Robert","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Adam%2C+William+Robert\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","value":"African Americans -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia+--+Alexandria.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Library","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Library","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Library\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Mayor\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Academy","value":"Alexandria Academy","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Academy\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Archaeology","value":"Alexandria Archaeology","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Archaeology\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Gazette","value":"Alexandria Gazette","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Gazette\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Light Infantry","value":"Alexandria Light Infantry","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Light+Infantry\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alleys -- Virginia -- Alexandria","value":"Alleys -- Virginia -- Alexandria","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alleys+--+Virginia+--+Alexandria\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Legion. Auxiliary","value":"American Legion. Auxiliary","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=American+Legion.+Auxiliary\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Amtrak.","value":"Amtrak.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Amtrak.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":52},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":154},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":55},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subfonds","value":"Subfonds","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subfonds\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=17\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}