{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=5933\u0026view=list","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=5932\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=5934\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=5938\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":5933,"next_page":5934,"prev_page":5932,"total_pages":5938,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":59320,"total_count":59371,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yulee, Nancy [Florida], 1968/1984","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBiographical information, mostly about her service as VR\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c333","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yulee, Nancy [Florida]","title_ssm":["Yulee, Nancy [Florida]"],"title_tesim":["Yulee, Nancy [Florida]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yulee, Nancy [Florida], 1968/1984"],"text":["Yulee, Nancy [Florida], 1968/1984","Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","box 61","folder 11","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","English.","Mrs. David Levy Yulee","Biographical information, mostly about her service as VR"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-1984"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":2013,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"containers_ssim":["box 61","folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885"],"names_ssim":["Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMrs. David Levy Yulee\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mrs. David Levy Yulee"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical information, mostly about her service as VR\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Biographical information, mostly about her service as VR"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#332","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:53.125Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_46.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"text":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical","The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-","Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).","- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees","This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. 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(George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. 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Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. 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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.1. General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.2. Alphabetical\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute)."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. 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After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026 Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026 Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend.","Thomas L. Williams Papers","University Archives Photograph Collection","The collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection, 1940/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas L. 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Williams collection, 1940/1990"],"containers_ssim":["Box 48","folder 42"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#7077","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:03:37.126Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8143.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Thomas L. Williams collection","title_ssm":["Thomas L. Williams collection"],"title_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1940-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1940-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas L. Williams collection, 1940/1990"],"text":["Thomas L. Williams collection, 1940/1990","MS 00254","/repositories/2/resources/8143","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Jamestown (Va.)--Photographs","Colonial Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.)--Maps, Pictorial","Virginia--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Maps, Pictorial","Colonial Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.)","Negatives","Photographs","Printed ephemera","Artifacts","Slides (photographs)","Postcards","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Born in 1912 in Shire Oaks, Pennsylvania, Thomas L. Williams studied photography at the Art Institute of Pittsburgh. After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026 Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026 Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend.","Thomas L. Williams Papers","University Archives Photograph Collection","The collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection, 1940/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas L. 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After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026amp; Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026amp; Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1912 in Shire Oaks, Pennsylvania, Thomas L. Williams studied photography at the Art Institute of Pittsburgh. After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026 Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026 Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas L. Williams collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas L. Williams Papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity Archives Photograph Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams Papers","University Archives Photograph Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026amp; Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Thomas L."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:03:37.126Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c7078"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher, 1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","parent_ssim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_129"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,","title_ssm":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher"],"title_tesim":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher, 1969"],"text":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher, 1969","Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991","box 11","folder 62"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969 February 24"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1235,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"containers_ssim":["box 11","folder 62"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#1234","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:58.559Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_129.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/128685","title_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1931-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1931/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"text":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991","MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129","16.5 linear feet; thirty-three 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5\" manuscript boxes and two 13\" x 11\" x 16.5\" boxes","There are no restrictions.","The collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers.","Joseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.","Fletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.","During this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.","Fletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).","The stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).","Today scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.","With Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).","Thus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.","References\n      \"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29).\n      \"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31).","Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff\n      \n      \n        Funding:\n        Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.","Processing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","Box 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017.","The Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays.","There are no restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers, 1931/1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mary Faith Marshall, Ph.D., donated the papers to the library in 2001."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.5 linear feet; thirty-three 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5\" manuscript boxes and two 13\" x 11\" x 16.5\" boxes"],"extent_ssm":["15.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15.75 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nJoseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nFletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nFletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nToday scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWith Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.\n\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eReferences\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31).\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.","Fletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.","During this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.","Fletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).","The stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).","Today scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.","With Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).","Thus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.","References\n      \"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29).\n      \"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFunding:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWeb version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff\n      \n      \n        Funding:\n        Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Francis Fletcher Papers, 1931-1991, MS-27, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers, 1931-1991, MS-27, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","Box 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2229,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:58.559Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1235"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Annual Report, 1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01","parent_ssim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969","Series 1: Board of Directors, 1918/1969"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Annual Report","title_ssm":["YWCA Annual Report"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Annual Report"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Annual Report, 1969"],"text":["YWCA Annual Report, 1969","Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969","Series 1: Board of Directors, 1918/1969","box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969","Series 1: Board of Directors, 1918/1969"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969","Series 1: Board of Directors, 1918/1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":41,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969"],"containers_ssim":["box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions on access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#39","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_81","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_81.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00026.xml","title_ssm":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records"],"title_tesim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969"],"text":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969","M 180","/repositories/5/resources/81","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Roanoke","No restrictions on access.","The collection has been arranged in five series. There is only a rough inventory of the collection. Series I--Board of Directors (1918-1969); Series II--Fiscal Records (1925-1969); Series III--Executive Director's File (1901-1951); Series IV--Committees ( - ); Series V--Photographs and Clippings ( - ).","The organization began in 1913 after meeting at the Roanoke home of Mrs. A. J. Kennard. The first permanent organization meeting was held in January of 1914 where it met at the Green Memorial Methodist Church. With 1,153 pledge memberships, the E.W. Tinsley property at 415 Roanoke Street was chosen as the first home of the Association. In 1923 the program was extended to African American girls and women with the formation of the Phyllis Wheatley Branch which by the 1950s was called the Lula Williams Memorial Branch. The organization's headquarters began meeting in a structure built specifically for the association at the corner of First Street and Franklin Road., S.W. The building was dedicated on May 28, 1928. As of 2002, the organization was called the YWCA of the Roanoke Valley. Its Executive Director was Pat Reynolds. An indication as to the services and programs it offers can be found in the organization's stated mission which is to \"empower women and eliminate racism, the YWCA provides programs in these core areas: residence, child care and youth development, community and leadership development, advocacy and public policy, racial and social justice, targeted special-needs programs, and health and fitness.\"","The collection includes minutes, reports, newsletters, records of the organization's multiple activities, photographs, and clippings. There are a few files involved in the WPA Writers Program.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Roanoke Valley YWCA records, 1901/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 180","/repositories/5/resources/81"],"unitid_tesim":["M 180","/repositories/5/resources/81"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Board of the YWCA on 20 April 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Roanoke"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Roanoke"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in five series. There is only a rough inventory of the collection. Series I--Board of Directors (1918-1969); Series II--Fiscal Records (1925-1969); Series III--Executive Director's File (1901-1951); Series IV--Committees ( - ); Series V--Photographs and Clippings ( - ).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in five series. There is only a rough inventory of the collection. Series I--Board of Directors (1918-1969); Series II--Fiscal Records (1925-1969); Series III--Executive Director's File (1901-1951); Series IV--Committees ( - ); Series V--Photographs and Clippings ( - )."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization began in 1913 after meeting at the Roanoke home of Mrs. A. J. Kennard. The first permanent organization meeting was held in January of 1914 where it met at the Green Memorial Methodist Church. With 1,153 pledge memberships, the E.W. Tinsley property at 415 Roanoke Street was chosen as the first home of the Association. In 1923 the program was extended to African American girls and women with the formation of the Phyllis Wheatley Branch which by the 1950s was called the Lula Williams Memorial Branch. The organization's headquarters began meeting in a structure built specifically for the association at the corner of First Street and Franklin Road., S.W. The building was dedicated on May 28, 1928. As of 2002, the organization was called the YWCA of the Roanoke Valley. Its Executive Director was Pat Reynolds. An indication as to the services and programs it offers can be found in the organization's stated mission which is to \"empower women and eliminate racism, the YWCA provides programs in these core areas: residence, child care and youth development, community and leadership development, advocacy and public policy, racial and social justice, targeted special-needs programs, and health and fitness.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The organization began in 1913 after meeting at the Roanoke home of Mrs. A. J. Kennard. The first permanent organization meeting was held in January of 1914 where it met at the Green Memorial Methodist Church. With 1,153 pledge memberships, the E.W. Tinsley property at 415 Roanoke Street was chosen as the first home of the Association. In 1923 the program was extended to African American girls and women with the formation of the Phyllis Wheatley Branch which by the 1950s was called the Lula Williams Memorial Branch. The organization's headquarters began meeting in a structure built specifically for the association at the corner of First Street and Franklin Road., S.W. The building was dedicated on May 28, 1928. As of 2002, the organization was called the YWCA of the Roanoke Valley. Its Executive Director was Pat Reynolds. An indication as to the services and programs it offers can be found in the organization's stated mission which is to \"empower women and eliminate racism, the YWCA provides programs in these core areas: residence, child care and youth development, community and leadership development, advocacy and public policy, racial and social justice, targeted special-needs programs, and health and fitness.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Roanoke Valley YWCA Archives, M 180, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Roanoke Valley YWCA Archives, M 180, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes minutes, reports, newsletters, records of the organization's multiple activities, photographs, and clippings. There are a few files involved in the WPA Writers Program.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes minutes, reports, newsletters, records of the organization's multiple activities, photographs, and clippings. There are a few files involved in the WPA Writers Program."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA of the Roanoke Valley (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":209,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_81_c01_c40"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program, 1966/1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01","parent_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program","title_ssm":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program, 1966/1969"],"text":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program, 1966/1969","Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)","box 16"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1969"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":221,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"containers_ssim":["box 16"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Case study files are restricted"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#219","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_77.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"text":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77","Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Case study files are restricted","The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.","The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction.","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.","The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"unitid_tesim":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift from the YWCA of Greater Richmond to the Special Collections and Archives Department on 8 March, 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCase study files are restricted\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Case study files are restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction.","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1226,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps, 1913/1997","Oversize Box 67"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company","title_ssm":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959/1975"],"text":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959/1975","Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps, 1913/1997","Oversize Box 67","Oversize Box 67"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps, 1913/1997","Oversize Box 67"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","Record Group II: Second Accession, 1906/2006","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps, 1913/1997","Oversize Box 67"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/1975"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1959 March, 1975 April 1"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":832,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 67"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959 March, 1975 April 1, Oversize Box 67, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959 March, 1975 April 1, Oversize Box 67, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#1/components#36","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_238.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/238","title_filing_ssi":"Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads","title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated","1960-1990","Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"text":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990","MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238","Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.","The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.","Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website.","This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.","ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, 1906/2017, bulk 1960/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["YWCA of Hampton Roads","Gift. Accession #A2000-7"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOcean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent information about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ywca-shr.org/\"\u003eYWCA of South Hampton Roads\u003c/a\u003e can be found on their website.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).Current information about the YWCA of South Hampton Roads can be found on their website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0cf5b104c3e6212e3df520759edeb87a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"names_coll_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":842,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Youth Services, 1964/1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07","parent_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series VII--Committees and Programs"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Youth Services","title_ssm":["YWCA Youth Services"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Youth Services"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Youth Services, 1964/1970"],"text":["YWCA Youth Services, 1964/1970","Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series VII--Committees and Programs","box 69"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series VII--Committees and Programs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","Series VII--Committees and Programs"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1970"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":806,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"containers_ssim":["box 69"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Case study files are restricted"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#171","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_77.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"text":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980","M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77","Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Case study files are restricted","The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.","The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction.","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.","The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records, 1893/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"unitid_tesim":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift from the YWCA of Greater Richmond to the Special Collections and Archives Department on 8 March, 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCase study files are restricted\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Case study files are restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction.","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1226,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z, 1963/1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24","parent_ssim":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z","title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z, 1963/1981"],"text":["Y-Z, 1963/1981","Shenandoah records, 1952/2013","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z","box 12","folder 52"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963/1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1965, 1968-1969, 1981"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":655,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013"],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 52"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal.","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#23/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:39.199Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_641.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Shenandoah records","title_ssm":["Shenandoah records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013"],"text":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013","WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641","Poetry","American prose literature","This collection is open for research use but must be accessed in person in the Special Collections and Archives reading room. The majority of the collection falls under various copyright and intellectual property rights laws. To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher.","This site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.","Researchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.","While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal.","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room.","This collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. Series 5 contains subject files that do not fit within other series. Series 6 contains letters of agreement. This series is restricted because the agreements include contributor social security numbers.","From https://shenandoahliterary.org/about/","Shenandoah was founded in 1950 by a group of Washington and Lee University faculty members and undergraduates, Tom Wolfe among them. For a brief time it was primarily an undergraduate magazine, but under the leadership of student editor Tom Carter, Shenandoah became a quarterly, publishing a cast of international writers including e e cummings, Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, James Merrill, Ezra Pound, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.","Former editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith.","Spring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.","Winter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. Hall, Jr.","Summer 1951-Autumn 1953: Thomas Carter","Winter 1953-Summer 1954: Raymond D. Smith, Jr.","Winter 1954-Summer 1956: Edward M. Hood","Winter 1956-Summer 1958: M. Maxwell Caskie, III","Autumn 1958: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1959: Paxton Davis","Spring 1959: James G. Leyburn","Autumn 1959: Marvin B. Perry, Jr.","Winter 1960: Lynwood D. Zinn","Spring 1960: Randolph M. Bulgin","Autumn 1960: William W. Pusey, III","Winter 1961: Bond Johnson, III","Spring 1961: Edward B. Hamer","Autumn 1961: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1962: Douglas Day","Spring 1962: Cecil D. Eby, Jr.","Summer 1962: B. S. Stephenson","Autumn 1962-1988: James Boatwright","1988-1995: Dabney Stuart","1995-2018: R. T. Smith","2018- : Beth Staples","Shenandoah ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\nView materials in this collection online.","Thomas H. Carter Papers (WLU-Coll-0004)","Dabney Stuart Papers (WLU-Coll-0364)","This collection record material of the Washington and Lee University's literary magazine Shenandoah. The records include correspondence created by and sent to editors of the publication, financial records, its constitution, reprint permissions, galley proofs, manuscripts, copyright assignments, and subject files.","The bulk of the collection is from the tenure of editor James Boatwright. The subject matter of the correspondence varies but is primarily from contributors. Correspondents include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, J. R. R. Tolkien, E. E. Cummings, Eudora Welty, Joyce Carol Oates, James McCourt, George Plimpton, Tom Wolfe, and Flannery O'Connor. The correspondence creating during both Boatwright and Dabney Stuart's tenure may also include letters written or received by Shenandoah staff including Helen Schuyler, Sue Stewart, and Lynn Williams.","Researchers are expected to review the access retrictions associated with this collection prior to a virtual inquiry and/or in-person visit.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah records, 1952/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poetry","American prose literature"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poetry","American prose literature"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.0 Linear Feet 34 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["17.0 Linear Feet 34 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use but must be accessed in person in the Special Collections and Archives reading room. The majority of the collection falls under various copyright and intellectual property rights laws. To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWhile Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Restrictions - Letters of Agreement","Restrictions - Reproductions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use but must be accessed in person in the Special Collections and Archives reading room. The majority of the collection falls under various copyright and intellectual property rights laws. To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher.","This site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.","Researchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.","While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal.","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. Series 5 contains subject files that do not fit within other series. Series 6 contains letters of agreement. This series is restricted because the agreements include contributor social security numbers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Collection Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. Series 5 contains subject files that do not fit within other series. Series 6 contains letters of agreement. This series is restricted because the agreements include contributor social security numbers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom https://shenandoahliterary.org/about/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eShenandoah\u003c/title\u003e was founded in 1950 by a group of Washington and Lee University faculty members and undergraduates, Tom Wolfe among them. For a brief time it was primarily an undergraduate magazine, but under the leadership of student editor Tom Carter, \u003ctitle\u003eShenandoah\u003c/title\u003e became a quarterly, publishing a cast of international writers including e e cummings, Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, James Merrill, Ezra Pound, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026amp;L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormer editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. Hall, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1951-Autumn 1953: Thomas Carter\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1953-Summer 1954: Raymond D. Smith, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1954-Summer 1956: Edward M. Hood\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1956-Summer 1958: M. Maxwell Caskie, III\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1958: Marshall W. Fishwick\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1959: Paxton Davis\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1959: James G. Leyburn\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1959: Marvin B. Perry, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1960: Lynwood D. Zinn\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1960: Randolph M. Bulgin\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1960: William W. Pusey, III\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1961: Bond Johnson, III\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1961: Edward B. Hamer\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1961: Marshall W. Fishwick\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1962: Douglas Day\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1962: Cecil D. Eby, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1962: B. S. Stephenson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1962-1988: James Boatwright\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1988-1995: Dabney Stuart\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1995-2018: R. T. Smith\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2018- : Beth Staples\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note","Chronology of Editors"],"bioghist_tesim":["From https://shenandoahliterary.org/about/","Shenandoah was founded in 1950 by a group of Washington and Lee University faculty members and undergraduates, Tom Wolfe among them. For a brief time it was primarily an undergraduate magazine, but under the leadership of student editor Tom Carter, Shenandoah became a quarterly, publishing a cast of international writers including e e cummings, Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, James Merrill, Ezra Pound, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.","Former editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith.","Spring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.","Winter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. Hall, Jr.","Summer 1951-Autumn 1953: Thomas Carter","Winter 1953-Summer 1954: Raymond D. Smith, Jr.","Winter 1954-Summer 1956: Edward M. Hood","Winter 1956-Summer 1958: M. Maxwell Caskie, III","Autumn 1958: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1959: Paxton Davis","Spring 1959: James G. Leyburn","Autumn 1959: Marvin B. Perry, Jr.","Winter 1960: Lynwood D. Zinn","Spring 1960: Randolph M. Bulgin","Autumn 1960: William W. Pusey, III","Winter 1961: Bond Johnson, III","Spring 1961: Edward B. Hamer","Autumn 1961: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1962: Douglas Day","Spring 1962: Cecil D. Eby, Jr.","Summer 1962: B. S. Stephenson","Autumn 1962-1988: James Boatwright","1988-1995: Dabney Stuart","1995-2018: R. T. Smith","2018- : Beth Staples"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah\u003c/emph\u003e ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\n\u003ca href=\"http://shenandoahliterary.org/\"\u003eView materials in this collection online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Online Access for Digital Issues"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Shenandoah ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\nView materials in this collection online."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Record Group 29: Shenandoah Records, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Record Group 29: Shenandoah Records, Special Collections and Archives, James G. 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Correspondents include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, J. R. R. Tolkien, E. E. Cummings, Eudora Welty, Joyce Carol Oates, James McCourt, George Plimpton, Tom Wolfe, and Flannery O'Connor. The correspondence creating during both Boatwright and Dabney Stuart's tenure may also include letters written or received by \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah\u003c/emph\u003e staff including Helen Schuyler, Sue Stewart, and Lynn Williams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are expected to review the access retrictions associated with this collection prior to a virtual inquiry and/or in-person visit.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection record material of the Washington and Lee University's literary magazine Shenandoah. The records include correspondence created by and sent to editors of the publication, financial records, its constitution, reprint permissions, galley proofs, manuscripts, copyright assignments, and subject files.","The bulk of the collection is from the tenure of editor James Boatwright. The subject matter of the correspondence varies but is primarily from contributors. Correspondents include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, J. R. R. Tolkien, E. E. Cummings, Eudora Welty, Joyce Carol Oates, James McCourt, George Plimpton, Tom Wolfe, and Flannery O'Connor. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:39.199Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria 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